| Search Help New search |
| Results 3041-3060 of 3313 for « +text:evolution » |
| 12% |
A161
Periodical contribution:
Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).
Text
Image
PDF
started a train of thought which culminated in the Origin of Species, and shook the world. Moorehead (1969, p. 202) added: ...it was the number of different species of finch, and the variety of their beaks, that so amazed Darwin. The general public still sees birds as Darwin's major clue to evolution. Rediscoveries in museum collections of original 'finches' from Darwin's collection made headline news 160 years after the voyage (Anonymous 1996; Clausen 1996; Field 2003), while Darwin's own Galapagos
|
| 12% |
A161
Periodical contribution:
Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).
Text
Image
PDF
Gray provided Darwin with some raw material for his thoughts on evolution (see below; cf. Sulloway 1982 b, 1982c). Darwin twice resumed his ornithological notes in later life (Darwin 1870, 1881). In 1870, Darwin wrote a paper on the habit of the campo flicker Colaptes campestris, of which he once collected two specimens in Uruguay and Argentina (cf. Barlow 1963, p. 219, Nos. 1238; and p. 225, No. 1428). When Darwin studied the campo flicker in the field near Maldonado, Uruguay, he wrote in his
|
| 12% |
varieties having different species of parasites.20 Interestingly, in the version of this account in the Zoological Diary, the following words are added and then crossed out: 'It leads one into many speculations.' The speculations continued, for Darwin included a paraphrase of this material in The Descent of Man (1871), in his discussion of the relationships between the different races of humans. This is one of the earliest examples of a Darwin note that touches on human evolution. As always he was
|
| 12% |
luxuriance of the forest on tropical islands; he realized that any species present on such an island must have made a journey thither. It has already been stressed that the notion of long-distance dispersal is the handmaiden of the theory of evolution (see also pp. 18-19). Darwin compared the forests of Tahiti to those of South America: 'It must not... be supposed that these woods at all equalled the forests of Brazil. In an island, the vast number of productions which characterise a continent
|
| 12% |
understanding of the significance of the relationship between long-distance dispersal and evolution: if all life on earth evolved from a single entity, or a limited number of simple forms, the biotas of remote islands must have arisen by dispersal from elsewhere. It was probably written some months after Darwin's return to England and his 'conversion' to an evolutionary outlook in the spring of 1837, although it has to be admitted we can see traces of the same idea in his diary entry for Tahiti
|
| 12% |
been emplaced first and then the material of a different chemical composition but derived from the same original source have been emplaced later? he wondered. Different types of material might, therefore, over time be derived from the same 'ancestral' fluid.3 The isomorphism of this idea with the coral atoll theory and the later notion of evolution through natural selection will not have escaped the reader. At times during his voyage we see traces of catastrophist ideas, as, for example, in the
|
| 12% |
Darwin's Other Islands to small spots are the remnants of a former large population or a new one springing into existence. Lastly, when beholding more than one hemisphere, divided into symmetrical areas, which within a limited period of time have undergone known movements, we obtain some insight into the system by which the crust of the globe is modified during endless cycles of change.5 This represents Darwin's first public (and published) hint of his belief in evolution, dating as it does
|
| 12% |
seen, the notion of long-distance dispersal, linked as it is with the idea that like begets like, is intimately associated with that of evolution. On a much larger scale Darwin was particularly impressed, especially perhaps in the dry eucalypt forests of New South Wales, by the individuality of the plants, mammals, birds and insects of the island continent. He seems to have noted how organisms with which he was familiar in Europe were represented by organisms that were in some ways superficially
|
| 12% |
A161
Periodical contribution:
Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).
Text
Image
PDF
talk on 10 May 1837 (Barrett 1977, p. 40) and by John Gould for the 1841 publication. A Beagle mate named Charles Musters, classified as 1st Class volunteer, died of a fever caught whilst snipe-shooting (Barlow 1933, p. XXIII). Last but not least, the ship's clerk Edward Hellyer (?–1833) drowned on the shores of the Falkland Islands attempt-ing to retrieve a bird he had shot (Sulloway 1982a). The important steps towards Darwin's theory of evolution have already been discussed and summarized by
|
| 12% |
A161
Periodical contribution:
Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).
Text
Image
PDF
cuckoos (pp. 251, 258–261, 282).48 49 Ten and a half percent of the index of the 1872 edition of On the Origin of Species was taken up by subjects related to (palaeo-) ornithology. This is probably not representative of the proportion of ornithological knowledge as opposed to other sciences held by Victorian society. For Darwin, then, ornithology, especially of captive breeds, provided essential evidence for his theory of evolution. Acknowledgements Richard Keynes (Cambridge, UK) initiated
|
| 12% |
A161
Periodical contribution:
Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).
Text
Image
PDF
on 10 May 1837 (Barrett 1977, p. 40) and by John Gould for the 1841 publication. A Beagle mate named Charles Musters, classified as 1st Class volunteer, died of a fever caught whilst snipe-shooting (Barlow 1933, p. XXIII). Last but not least, the ship's clerk Edward Hellyer (? 1833) drowned on the shores of the Falkland Islands attempting to retrieve a bird he had shot (Sulloway 1982a). The important steps towards Darwin's theory of evolution have already been discussed and summarized by much
|
| 12% |
A161
Periodical contribution:
Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).
Text
Image
PDF
cuckoos (pp. 251, 258 261, 282).48 49 Ten and a half percent of the index of the 1872 edition of On the Origin of Species was taken up by subjects related to (palaeo-) ornithology. This is probably not representative of the proportion of ornithological knowledge as opposed to other sciences held by Victorian society. For Darwin, then, ornithology, especially of captive breeds, provided essential evidence for his theory of evolution. Acknowledgements Richard Keynes (Cambridge, UK) initiated
|
| 10% |
A161
Periodical contribution:
Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).
Text
Image
PDF
1838). There is no question that of all Darwin's works, his evolution theory has had the biggest impact on orni-thology (cf. Stresemann 1951). However, Darwin also kept important notes and collected a small number of very significant birds, among them birds new to science at the time or from nowadays extinct populations. Just how important were Darwin's bird collection and notes for the ornithology of the countries he visited? Essentially, Darwin's bird collection only became ornithologically
|
| 10% |
A161
Periodical contribution:
Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).
Text
Image
PDF
). There is no question that of all Darwin's works, his evolution theory has had the biggest impact on ornithology (cf. Stresemann 1951). However, Darwin also kept important notes and collected a small number of very significant birds, among them birds new to science at the time or from nowadays extinct populations. Just how important were Darwin's bird collection and notes for the ornithology of the countries he visited? Essentially, Darwin's bird collection only became ornithologically
|
| 10% |
A161
Periodical contribution:
Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).
Text
Image
PDF
Grant et al. 1985; Grant 1986), showed their adaptive radiation and on-going evolution, similar to that of the Hawaiian honeycreepers, which make them one of the best examples of Darwin's evolutionary theory (cf. Weiner 1994). Five bird populations encountered by Darwin are today believed to be extinct. His specimens count among the few remaining records we have of the existence of these populations, which comprise the large-beaked population of the large ground-finch Geospiza magnirostris
|
| 8% |
A161
Periodical contribution:
Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).
Text
Image
PDF
Gould and Gray provided Darwin with some raw material for his thoughts on evolution (see below; cf. Sulloway 1982 b, 1982c). Darwin twice resumed his ornithological notes in later life (Darwin 1870, 1881). In 1870, Darwin wrote a paper 21Strickland et al.: Report of a committee appointed to consider of the rules by which the nomenclature of zoology may be estab-lished on a uniform and permanent basis. Report of the 12th meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science held at
|
| 8% |
A161
Periodical contribution:
Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).
Text
Image
PDF
evolution of Darwin's finches. Princeton University Press, Princeton Grant PR, Abbott I, Schluter D, Curry RL, Abbott LK (1985) Variation in the size and shape of Darwin's finches. Biol J Linn Soc 25:1–39 Griffith E, Pidgeon E, Gray JE (1828) The class Aves arranged by the Baron Cuvier, with specific descriptions. In: Griffith E (ed) The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organi-zation, by the Baron Cuvier, Member of the Institute of France, c. [...] with additional descriptions of
|
| 8% |
A161
Periodical contribution:
Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).
Text
Image
PDF
. Part 3: birds, issue 3. Smith, Elder, London, pp 33 56 Gould J, Darwin C (1839c) The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Capt. Fitzroy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836. Part 3: birds, issue 4. Smith, Elder, London, pp 57 96 Gould J, Darwin C, Eyton TC (1841) The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Capt. Fitzroy, R.N., during the years 1832 to 1836. Part 3: birds, issue 5. Smith, Elder, London, pp 97 164 Grant PR (1986) Ecology and evolution of
|
| 7% |
A161
Periodical contribution:
Steinheimer, F. D. 2004. Charles Darwin's bird collection and ornithological knowledge during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, 1831-1836. Journal of Ornithology 145(4): 300-320, 4 figures (appendix [pp. 1-40]).
Text
Image
PDF
Grant et al. 1985; Grant 1986), showed their adaptive radiation and on-going evolution, similar to that of the Hawaiian honeycreepers, which make them one of the best examples of Darwin's evolutionary theory (cf. Weiner 1994). Five bird populations encountered by Darwin are today believed to be extinct. His specimens count among the few remaining records we have of the existence of these populations, which comprise the large-beaked population of the large ground-finch Geospiza magni-rostris
|
| 33% |
A544
Periodical contribution:
Wyhe, John van. 2007. Mind the gap: Did Darwin avoid publishing his theory for many years? Notes and Records of the Royal Society 61: 177-205.
Text
Image
PDF
years and was forced into action only by circumstances. Why this incredible procrastination? Ernst Mayr1 The very existence of Darwin's two-decade delay has raised a fundamental question: Why did he refrain from publishing his theory of evolution for so long? Was it simply that he had scientific business to finish, or did fears of ostracism stay the squire's hand? Adrian Desmond2 It is widely believed that Charles Darwin avoided publishing his theory of evolution, begun in the 1830s, until 1858
|