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F3596
Book contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1967. [Letter to W. T. Preyer, 1870]. Charles Hamilton Autographs, Inc. Sale no. 17. New York.
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [page] 42 DARWIN, CHARLES English scientist A.L.S., 7 3/4 pages, 8vo, Down, Beckinham, Kent, Feb. (17, 1870). Amazing letter by the originator of the theory of evolution, constituting virtually an autobiography, penned to a scientist who had praised Darwin's work. [To W. T. Preyer17 February [1870]] ...Although your appreciation of my work is certainly too high, yet it is very encouraging to me, especially as yesterday I rec'd two pamphlets, just
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vessels internal [Descent 1: 2: The homological structure, embryological development, and rudimentary organs of a species, whether it be man or any other animal, to which our attention may be directed, remain to be considered; but these great classes of facts afford, as it appears to me, ample and conclusive evidence in favour of the principle of gradual evolution. The strong support derived from the other arguments should, however, always be kept before the mind. Descent 1: 10: The Bodily
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CUL-DAR205.1.3-4
Printed:
1870.05.04
On the organs of vision in the common mole `Scientific Opinion': 410-411
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equals those who have denied it, and despite of the great weight of the authority that has most persistently asserted the evolution of hydrogen, tho question is now deoided henceforth our text-books of chemistry will teach that there is no evolution of hydrogen when alkali-metals act on acetic ether. Happily, the long controversy just conoluded is without many parallels in the history of chemistry, or indeed of science generally. Conflicts of chemical theory there have been the antiphlogistic theory
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A576
Pamphlet:
Wright, Chauncey. 1871. Darwinism: Being an examination of Mr. St. George Mivart's 'Genesis of species,' [Reprinted from the 'North American Review,' July 1871, with additions]. London: John Murray. 46pp.
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been won over to the doctrine of evolution. In asserting this result, however, we are obliged to make what will appear to many persons important qualifications and explanations. We do not mean that the heads of leading religious bodies, even in the most enlightened communities, are yet willing to withdraw the dogma that the origin of species is a special religious mystery, or even to assent to the hypothesis of evolution as a legitimate question for scientific inquiry. We mean only, that many
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F2108
Book contribution:
Fiske, John. 1917. [Recollections of Darwin and letters to John Fiske, 1871-80]. In Spencer Clark, John ed. The life and letters of John Fiske. 2 vols. New York: Houghton Mifflin, vol. 1, pp. 481-82, 477, vol. 2, pp. 133-34.
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[13 November 1873] Charles Darwin Fiske's veneration for Darwin was hardly less than his veneration for Spencer. While he credited Spencer with being the first thinker of modern times to bring forward the idea of Evolution as the mode of manifestation of an unknown power underlying all the phenomena of the inorganic and organic universe, he recognized Darwin as having furnished the most indubitable proof of Evolution in the organic world by his epoch-making books, The Origin of Species and The
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A576
Pamphlet:
Wright, Chauncey. 1871. Darwinism: Being an examination of Mr. St. George Mivart's 'Genesis of species,' [Reprinted from the 'North American Review,' July 1871, with additions]. London: John Murray. 46pp.
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the theological critics of the theory, but to its scientific advocates; although, from the neutral ground of experimental science, descent with modification is the most pertinent and least exceptionable name. While the general doctrine of evolution has thus been successfully redeemed from theological condemnation, this is not yet true of the subordinate hypothesis of Natural Selection, to the partial success of which this change of opinion is, in great measure, due. It is, at first sight a
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F2108
Book contribution:
Fiske, John. 1917. [Recollections of Darwin and letters to John Fiske, 1871-80]. In Spencer Clark, John ed. The life and letters of John Fiske. 2 vols. New York: Houghton Mifflin, vol. 1, pp. 481-82, 477, vol. 2, pp. 133-34.
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the dinner the other day [Spencer's dinner in honor of Fiske] I was saying that very soon we should see Evolution taken up by the orthodox. To be sure, says Lewes, for don't you see that Evolution requires an Evolver? Huxley was telling about something I said in my Agassiz article, when Spencer blandly interrupted with What will Agassiz say to all that? O, said Lewes, he will say what Louis XIV said after the battle of Ramillies— Dieu m'a abandonné; et après tout ce que j'ai fait pour Lui
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A576
Pamphlet:
Wright, Chauncey. 1871. Darwinism: Being an examination of Mr. St. George Mivart's 'Genesis of species,' [Reprinted from the 'North American Review,' July 1871, with additions]. London: John Murray. 46pp.
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than the way in which it [this theory] has been misunderstood. One other consideration has also been of aid to us. In his concluding chapter on Theology and Evolution. in which he very ably shows, and on the most venerable authority, that there is no necessary conflict between the strictest orthodoxy and the theory of evolution, he remarks (and quotes Dr. Newman) on the narrowing effect of single lines of study. Not only inabilities may be produced by a one-sided pursuit, but a positive distaste
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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and this especially holds good with the younger and rising naturalists. The greater number accept the agency of natural selection; though some urge, whether with justice the future must decide, that I have greatly overrated its importance. Of the older and honoured chiefs in natural science, many unfortunately are still opposed to evolution in every form. In consequence of the views now adopted by most naturalists, and which will ultimately, as in every other case, be followed by other men, I
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processes of spontaneous generation and transmutation of species. Certain it is that, if the doctrine of evolution is true for the animal kingdom in general, man as an animal forms no exception. But, unlike all other animals, man is animated by the breath of a divine life a spiritual essence, whose origin can be only in the creative inspiration of God. Essentially indivisible, that spirit is incapable of development or evolution. Brought into communion with nature in this mortal life, its place is
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A576
Pamphlet:
Wright, Chauncey. 1871. Darwinism: Being an examination of Mr. St. George Mivart's 'Genesis of species,' [Reprinted from the 'North American Review,' July 1871, with additions]. London: John Murray. 46pp.
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falls far short of what we might have expected from an author of Mr. Mivart's attainments as a naturalist, yet his position before the religious world, and his unquestionable familiarity with the theological bearings of his subject, will undoubtedly gain for him and for the doctrine of evolution a hearing and a credit, which the mere student of science might be denied. His work is mainly a critique of Darwinism; that is, of the theories peculiar to Mr. Darwin and the Darwinians, as
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in the religious aspect of the question on the power of the Creator would be as signally manifested in the gradual evolution of man from the lowest forms of life as in the special creation which forms the groundwork of our religious belief. But the Darwinian theory necessitates a materialistic plunge so abhorrent that it will never be taken except upon the clearest demonstration. There is certainly a great charm in the style of argument which Mr. Darwin uses. The candor which he everywhere
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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conscious and reflect on its own existence? We cannot answer; nor can we answer in regard to the ascending organic scale. The half-art and half-instinct of language still bears the stamp of its gradual evolution. The ennobling belief in God is not universal with man; and the belief in active spiritual agencies naturally follows from his other mental powers. The moral sense perhaps affords the best and highest distinction between man and the lower animals; but I need not say anything on this
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F2108
Book contribution:
Fiske, John. 1917. [Recollections of Darwin and letters to John Fiske, 1871-80]. In Spencer Clark, John ed. The life and letters of John Fiske. 2 vols. New York: Houghton Mifflin, vol. 1, pp. 481-82, 477, vol. 2, pp. 133-34.
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habitually so weak, that I have very small power of conversing with my friends as much as I wish. Let me again thank you for your letter. To believe that I have at all influenced the minds of able men is the greatest satisfaction which I am capable of receiving. CH. DARWIN. These letters of Spencer and Darwin confirmed in Fiske's mind the wisdom of his purpose to devote himself to the exposition of the philosophy of Evolution, and he now sought engagements for a course of lectures presenting Evolution as
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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as to nearly all the less cunning or weak-minded rats having been successively destroyed by him. To maintain, independently of any direct evidence, that no animal during the course of ages has progressed in intellect or other mental faculties, is to beg the question of the evolution of species. Hereafter we shall see that, according to Lartet, existing mammals belonging to several orders have larger brains than their ancient tertiary prototypes. It has often been said that no animal uses any
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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present times, too far. Some of those who admit the principle of evolution, but reject natural selection, seem to forget, when criticising my book, that I had the above two objects in view; hence if I have erred in giving to natural selection great power, which I am far from admitting, or in having exaggerated its power, which is in itself probable, I have at least, as I hope, done good service in aiding to overthrow the dogma of separate creations. That all organic beings, including man, present
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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much from the same part in other allied forms has already, according to the theory of evolution, varied much; consequently it would (as long as the organism remained exposed to the same exciting conditions) be liable to further variations of the same kind; and these, if beneficial, would be preserved, and thus continually augmented. In many cases the continued development of a part, for instance, of the beak of a bird, or of the teeth of a mammal, would not be advantageous to the species for
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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evolution, will grant that the two main divisions of the Simiad , namely the Catarhine and Platyrhine monkeys, with their sub-groups, have all proceeded from some one extremely ancient progenitor. The early descendants of this progenitor, before they had diverged to any considerable extent from each other, would still have formed a single natural group; but some of the species or incipient genera would have already begun to indicate by their diverging characters the future distinctive marks of
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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been with man, who has undergone a great amount of modification in certain characters in comparison with the higher apes. The great break in the organic chain between man and his nearest allies, which cannot be bridged over by any extinct or living species, has often been advanced as a grave objection to the belief that man is descended from some lower form; but this objection will not appear of much weight to those who, convinced by general reasons, believe in the general principle of evolution
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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not admit the principle of evolution, must look at species either as separate creations or as in some manner distinct entities; and they must decide what forms to rank as species by the analogy of other organic beings which are commonly thus received. But it is a hopeless endeavour to decide this point on sound grounds, until some definition of the term species is generally accepted; and the definition must not include an element which cannot possibly be ascertained, such as an act of creation
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