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A576
Pamphlet:
Wright, Chauncey. 1871. Darwinism: Being an examination of Mr. St. George Mivart's 'Genesis of species,' [Reprinted from the 'North American Review,' July 1871, with additions]. London: John Murray. 46pp.
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the theological critics of the theory, but to its scientific advocates; although, from the neutral ground of experimental science, descent with modification is the most pertinent and least exceptionable name. While the general doctrine of evolution has thus been successfully redeemed from theological condemnation, this is not yet true of the subordinate hypothesis of Natural Selection, to the partial success of which this change of opinion is, in great measure, due. It is, at first sight a
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [64] Belt p. 317, 320 Lampyridæ Belt, Thomas. 1874. The naturalist in Nicaragua: A narrative of a residence at the gold mines of Chontales; journeys in the savannahs and forests. With observations on animals and plants in reference to the theory of evolution of living forms. London: John Murray. [signed] CUL-DAR.LIB.35 PDF Darwin cited this in Descent 2d ed., n12, p. 277: 'The Naturalist in Nicaragua,' 1874, pp. 316–320. [64v] [Draft of Expression
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F2108
Book contribution:
Fiske, John. 1917. [Recollections of Darwin and letters to John Fiske, 1871-80]. In Spencer Clark, John ed. The life and letters of John Fiske. 2 vols. New York: Houghton Mifflin, vol. 1, pp. 481-82, 477, vol. 2, pp. 133-34.
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the dinner the other day [Spencer's dinner in honor of Fiske] I was saying that very soon we should see Evolution taken up by the orthodox. To be sure, says Lewes, for don't you see that Evolution requires an Evolver? Huxley was telling about something I said in my Agassiz article, when Spencer blandly interrupted with What will Agassiz say to all that? O, said Lewes, he will say what Louis XIV said after the battle of Ramillies— Dieu m'a abandonné; et après tout ce que j'ai fait pour Lui
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A576
Pamphlet:
Wright, Chauncey. 1871. Darwinism: Being an examination of Mr. St. George Mivart's 'Genesis of species,' [Reprinted from the 'North American Review,' July 1871, with additions]. London: John Murray. 46pp.
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than the way in which it [this theory] has been misunderstood. One other consideration has also been of aid to us. In his concluding chapter on Theology and Evolution. in which he very ably shows, and on the most venerable authority, that there is no necessary conflict between the strictest orthodoxy and the theory of evolution, he remarks (and quotes Dr. Newman) on the narrowing effect of single lines of study. Not only inabilities may be produced by a one-sided pursuit, but a positive distaste
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CUL-DAR89.66
Abstract:
[1871--1875]
Belt `Nicaragua': 316 / Draft of Expression, chapter 9, p. 234.
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [66] G above mimetic notary a certain character Belt p. 316 Protection of Butterflies — Ants Spiders mimicry all stinging insects [Belt, Thomas. 1874. The naturalist in Nicaragua: A narrative of a residence at the gold mines of Chontales; journeys in the savannahs and forests. With observations on animals and plants in reference to the theory of evolution of living forms. London: John Murray. [signed] CUL-DAR.LIB.35 PDF Darwin cited this in Descent 2d
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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and this especially holds good with the younger and rising naturalists. The greater number accept the agency of natural selection; though some urge, whether with justice the future must decide, that I have greatly overrated its importance. Of the older and honoured chiefs in natural science, many unfortunately are still opposed to evolution in every form. In consequence of the views now adopted by most naturalists, and which will ultimately, as in every other case, be followed by other men, I
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processes of spontaneous generation and transmutation of species. Certain it is that, if the doctrine of evolution is true for the animal kingdom in general, man as an animal forms no exception. But, unlike all other animals, man is animated by the breath of a divine life a spiritual essence, whose origin can be only in the creative inspiration of God. Essentially indivisible, that spirit is incapable of development or evolution. Brought into communion with nature in this mortal life, its place is
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A576
Pamphlet:
Wright, Chauncey. 1871. Darwinism: Being an examination of Mr. St. George Mivart's 'Genesis of species,' [Reprinted from the 'North American Review,' July 1871, with additions]. London: John Murray. 46pp.
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falls far short of what we might have expected from an author of Mr. Mivart's attainments as a naturalist, yet his position before the religious world, and his unquestionable familiarity with the theological bearings of his subject, will undoubtedly gain for him and for the doctrine of evolution a hearing and a credit, which the mere student of science might be denied. His work is mainly a critique of Darwinism; that is, of the theories peculiar to Mr. Darwin and the Darwinians, as
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in the religious aspect of the question on the power of the Creator would be as signally manifested in the gradual evolution of man from the lowest forms of life as in the special creation which forms the groundwork of our religious belief. But the Darwinian theory necessitates a materialistic plunge so abhorrent that it will never be taken except upon the clearest demonstration. There is certainly a great charm in the style of argument which Mr. Darwin uses. The candor which he everywhere
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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conscious and reflect on its own existence? We cannot answer; nor can we answer in regard to the ascending organic scale. The half-art and half-instinct of language still bears the stamp of its gradual evolution. The ennobling belief in God is not universal with man; and the belief in active spiritual agencies naturally follows from his other mental powers. The moral sense perhaps affords the best and highest distinction between man and the lower animals; but I need not say anything on this
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F2108
Book contribution:
Fiske, John. 1917. [Recollections of Darwin and letters to John Fiske, 1871-80]. In Spencer Clark, John ed. The life and letters of John Fiske. 2 vols. New York: Houghton Mifflin, vol. 1, pp. 481-82, 477, vol. 2, pp. 133-34.
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habitually so weak, that I have very small power of conversing with my friends as much as I wish. Let me again thank you for your letter. To believe that I have at all influenced the minds of able men is the greatest satisfaction which I am capable of receiving. CH. DARWIN. These letters of Spencer and Darwin confirmed in Fiske's mind the wisdom of his purpose to devote himself to the exposition of the philosophy of Evolution, and he now sought engagements for a course of lectures presenting Evolution as
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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as to nearly all the less cunning or weak-minded rats having been successively destroyed by him. To maintain, independently of any direct evidence, that no animal during the course of ages has progressed in intellect or other mental faculties, is to beg the question of the evolution of species. Hereafter we shall see that, according to Lartet, existing mammals belonging to several orders have larger brains than their ancient tertiary prototypes. It has often been said that no animal uses any
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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present times, too far. Some of those who admit the principle of evolution, but reject natural selection, seem to forget, when criticising my book, that I had the above two objects in view; hence if I have erred in giving to natural selection great power, which I am far from admitting, or in having exaggerated its power, which is in itself probable, I have at least, as I hope, done good service in aiding to overthrow the dogma of separate creations. That all organic beings, including man, present
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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much from the same part in other allied forms has already, according to the theory of evolution, varied much; consequently it would (as long as the organism remained exposed to the same exciting conditions) be liable to further variations of the same kind; and these, if beneficial, would be preserved, and thus continually augmented. In many cases the continued development of a part, for instance, of the beak of a bird, or of the teeth of a mammal, would not be advantageous to the species for
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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evolution, will grant that the two main divisions of the Simiad , namely the Catarhine and Platyrhine monkeys, with their sub-groups, have all proceeded from some one extremely ancient progenitor. The early descendants of this progenitor, before they had diverged to any considerable extent from each other, would still have formed a single natural group; but some of the species or incipient genera would have already begun to indicate by their diverging characters the future distinctive marks of
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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been with man, who has undergone a great amount of modification in certain characters in comparison with the higher apes. The great break in the organic chain between man and his nearest allies, which cannot be bridged over by any extinct or living species, has often been advanced as a grave objection to the belief that man is descended from some lower form; but this objection will not appear of much weight to those who, convinced by general reasons, believe in the general principle of evolution
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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not admit the principle of evolution, must look at species either as separate creations or as in some manner distinct entities; and they must decide what forms to rank as species by the analogy of other organic beings which are commonly thus received. But it is a hopeless endeavour to decide this point on sound grounds, until some definition of the term species is generally accepted; and the definition must not include an element which cannot possibly be ascertained, such as an act of creation
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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ending doubts whether many closely-allied mammals, birds, insects, and plants, which represent each other in North America and Europe, should be ranked species or geographical races; and so it is with the productions of many islands situated at some little distance from the nearest continent. Those naturalists, on the other hand, who admit the principle of evolution, and this is now admitted by the greater number of rising men, will feel no doubt that all the races of man are descended from a
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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the so-called races of man are thus designated, or are ranked as species or sub-species; but the latter term appears the most appropriate. Finally, we may conclude that when the principles of evolution are generally accepted, as they surely will be before long, the dispute between the monogenists and the polygenists will die a silent and unobserved death. One other question ought not to be passed over without notice, namely, whether, as is sometimes assumed, each sub-species or race of man has
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F937.2
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 2.
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the principle of gradual evolution, there must formerly have existed many species which presented every successive step between the wonderfully elongated tail-coverts of the peacock and the short tail 47 'Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication,' vol. i. p. 254. [page] 137 GRADATION OF CHARACTERS. CHAP. XIV
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