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F1142
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1872. The expression of the emotions in man and animals. London: John Murray. First edition.
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law I believe to be of the highest importance in throwing light on our subject.11 All the authors who have written on Expression, with the exception of Mr. Spencer—the great expounder of the principle of Evolution—appear to have been firmly convinced that species, man of course included, came into existence in their present condition. Sir C. Bell, being thus convinced, maintains that many of our facial muscles are purely instrumental in expression; or are a special provision for this sole
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F1142
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1872. The expression of the emotions in man and animals. London: John Murray. First edition.
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To those who admit the gradual evolution of species, a most striking instance of the perfection with which the most difficult consensual movements can be transmitted, is afforded by the humming-bird Sphinx-moth (Macroglossa); for this moth, shortly after its emergence from the cocoon, as shown by the bloom on its unruffled scales, may be seen poised stationary in the air, with its long hair-like proboscis uncurled and inserted into the minute orifices of flowers; and no one, I believe, has
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F391
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1872. The origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 6th ed.; with additions and corrections. Eleventh thousand.
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transmutation of species. If numerous species, belonging to the same genera or families, have really started into life at once, the fact would be fatal to the theory of evolution through natural selection. For the development by this means of a group of forms, all of which are descended from some one progenitor, must have been an extremely slow process; and the progenitors must have lived long before their modified descendants. But we continually overrate the perfection of the geological record
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A570
Periodical contribution:
Darwin, George H. 1872. Development in dress. Macmillan Magazine 26: 410-416.
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Darwin, George H. 1872. Development in dress. Macmillan Magazine 26: 410-416. [page] 410 DEVELOPMENT IN DRESS. THE development of dress presents a strong analogy to that of organisms, as explained by the modern theories of evolution; and in this article I propose to illustrate some of the features which they have in common. We shall see that the truth expressed by the proverb, Natura non facit saltum, is applicable in the one case as in the other; the law of progress holds good in dress, and
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F391
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1872. The origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 6th ed.; with additions and corrections. Eleventh thousand.
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in order that a new species should suddenly appear in the manner supposed by Mr. Mivart, it is almost necessary to believe, in opposition to all analogy, that several wonderfully changed individuals appeared simultaneously within the same district. This difficulty, as in the case of unconscious selection by man, is avoided on the theory of gradual evolution, through the preservation of a large number of individuals, which varied more or less in any favourable direction, and of the destruction of
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F391
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1872. The origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 6th ed.; with additions and corrections. Eleventh thousand.
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is a strong disbeliever in evolution, but he appears to have been so much struck by the imperfect instincts of the Molothrus bonariensis that he quotes my words, and asks, Must we consider these habits, not as especially endowed or created instincts, but as small consequences of one general law, namely, transition? Various birds, as has already been remarked, occasionally lay their eggs in the nests of other birds. This habit is not very uncommon with the Gallinaceæ, and throws some light on
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F2103
Book contribution:
Butler, Samuel. [1872-1882]. [Recollections of Darwin]. In Breuer, Hans-Peter ed. 1984. The note-books of Samuel Butler. vol. 1 (1874-1883). Boston: University Press of America, pp. 122-3, 129-31, 168, 204, 237.
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him that I should be sure to get hold of it sooner or later, and that when I did I was just the sort of man who would go for him. However, he was very kind, and won my heart; when I went away I did so quite under the impression that the visit had been a success. I remember George Darwin shocked me by saying he did not believe in Natural Selection which I took then to mean Evolution. I could hardly believe my ears, but his brothers stopped him from saying more, and the conversation was immediately
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CUL-DAR133.3.1
Printed:
1873--1882
[Letter to F. W. Hutton, 20 April 1861]. In Hutton, Darwinism a lecture by F. W. Hutton
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radiation of heat into space, where it is lost, the energy of the solar system is gradually, but surely, being dissipated, and this dissipation of energy, added to the nebular hypothesis of Laplace, gave rise to a theory of the progress or evolution of the solar system. It was certain metaphysicians who connected this inorganic evolution with the development of species into one great doctrine of the evolution of the universe, including the hypothesis of abiogenesis, or the spontaneous
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F3384
Book contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1902-3. [Letter to Max Müller, 1873]. In Georgina Max Müller, Life and letters of Friedrich Max Müller. 2 vols. London, vol. 1, p. 478.
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[Translation of Müller's letter to 'Professor Noire'] […] February 8 [1878] 'Darwin; has given us, in his later editions of the Origin of Species, an historical treatise on his mental ancestors. Altogether old Darwin; is an honest fellow. The Darwinians are much worse than Darwin; himself, and I think the word Darwinism ought either to be sharply defined or should be replaced by evolution-doctrine. […] [page] 35
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is remarkable. Its eminent author has followed a certain cumulative argument in his writings. The Origin of Species lays the foundation for The Descent of Man; and now man's development by evolution, through the agency of natural and sexual selection, is to be made manifest by showing that the instruments by which his emotions are expressed are not made for that purpose, but are inherited from the ancestral brute, and are used because they are there, rather than because they are given to be so
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CUL-DAR133.3.1
Printed:
1873--1882
[Letter to F. W. Hutton, 20 April 1861]. In Hutton, Darwinism a lecture by F. W. Hutton
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much to further the acceptance of the theory of descent that the whole doctrine of modern evolution is popularly associated with his name. This, however, is not correct, and Darwin himself would, I think, only claim that he had made the theory of development of species credible, and had thus indirectly influenced other subjects than biology. Darwin never used the word evolution until long after the Origin of Species was published. With him, as with all naturalists, it was called the development
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A251
Review:
Bain, Alexander. 1873. Review of 'Darwin on expression:' being a postscript to The senses and the intellect. London: Longmans, Green, & Co.
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primordial, we should begin with the last-named principle, 'the direct action of the nervous system.' The two others are subsequent and superinduced upon this; more especially is that named first, which is the author's own law of Evolution or Inheritance, a later effect or a growth or addition to the simpler process of nervous diffusion. The characteristic feature of the book is the applying of Evolution to account for the phenomena of expression. The two other laws are less often appealed to
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [page] 193 Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. By Charles Darwin. (D. Appleton Co.) pp. 374. All those with whom the theory of evolution and natural selection have found favor, will find this latest work of Mr. Darwin, a very interesting study; but those who refuse to believe that an anthropomorphous ape is our common progenitor will not find in it much to amuse or instruct them. Like every work of Darwin's, this shows great industry, deep
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F660
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1873. L'origine des espèces au moyen de la sélection naturelle, ou La lutte pour l'existence dans la nature. Traduit sur l'invitation et avec l'autorisation de l'auteur sur les cinquième et sixième éditions anglaises. Augmentées d'un nouveau chapitre et de nombreuses notes et additions de l'auteur, par J.-J. Moulinié. Paris: C. Reinwald et Cie.
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286 CAUSES DE LA STÉRILITÉ signalé quelques cas frappants chez les saules hybrides. Il est bon de rappeler ici que dans certains cas de parthénogenèse, des embryons d'œufs de vers à soie qui n'avaient pas été fécondés, après avoir néanmoins parcouru les premières phases de leur évolution, ont péri comme les embryons résultant d'un croisement entre deux espèces. Tant que j'ignorais ces faits, je n'étais pas disposé à croire à la fréquence de la mort précoce des jeunes embryons hybrides; car
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A251
Review:
Bain, Alexander. 1873. Review of 'Darwin on expression:' being a postscript to The senses and the intellect. London: Longmans, Green, & Co.
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screening the eyes from the sun in circumstances of anxiety. This principle implies three assumptions: (1) Voluntary movement, or movement for ends, is an earlier fact than Emotional or purposeless movement. (2) Voluntary movements become associated with the feelings that occasioned them, so as to be manifested although there is no proper act of the will. (3) These associated movements are transmitted by inheritance. This last is the carrying out of Mr. Darwin's own doctrine of Evolution. The
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A1634
Review:
Anon. 1873. [Review of Expression]. Scientific and Literary. Tennessean (05 January): 2.
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photographic and other illustrations very materially aid the unscientific reader's comprehension of the interesting subjects discussed. It does not treat of physiognomy merely—the recognition of character through the study of the permanent form of the features—but of the emotions in man and animals, as revealed in changes of expression. Mr. Darwin's observations of the expressions of the several passions were begun in 1838, at a time when he was inclined to believe in the principle of evolution, and
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CUL-DAR133.3.1
Printed:
1873--1882
[Letter to F. W. Hutton, 20 April 1861]. In Hutton, Darwinism a lecture by F. W. Hutton
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the commencement of the present century, that any definite idea was obtained of the rival theory of transmutation or development of species, since called Organic Evolution. Before going any farther it is necessary to explain how it was that the question became one about the origin of species and not of any of the larger groups. You are no doubt aware that, in the classification of plants and animals two or more species are united into a genus, and that genera are again grouped into families or
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CUL-DAR133.3.1
Printed:
1873--1882
[Letter to F. W. Hutton, 20 April 1861]. In Hutton, Darwinism a lecture by F. W. Hutton
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are of opinion that there is an inherent tendency towards higher organisation, they think that protoplasm tends to become more and more complex, and that evolution is the inevitable outcome of a fundamental property of living matter. This view is founded on the difficulty of explaining some phenomena in any other way and it may be taken merely as an expression of our ignorance, which may not be true, as a matter of fact natural selection is at present the only known efficient cause of progress or
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CUL-DAR133.3.1
Printed:
1873--1882
[Letter to F. W. Hutton, 20 April 1861]. In Hutton, Darwinism a lecture by F. W. Hutton
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the way of explaining evolution but Darwin, ever loyal to the truth has shown that it cannot be accepted and that the phenomena of inheritance are quite as irregular as those of variation. On the hypothesis of Pangenesis we might look upon variation as the occasional abnormal development of gemmules in two ways, either by gemmules developing on other cells than their proper neighbour, or else that, although developing in the right place, they do not correctly reproduce the parent cell. In the
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F660
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1873. L'origine des espèces au moyen de la sélection naturelle, ou La lutte pour l'existence dans la nature. Traduit sur l'invitation et avec l'autorisation de l'auteur sur les cinquième et sixième éditions anglaises. Augmentées d'un nouveau chapitre et de nombreuses notes et additions de l'auteur, par J.-J. Moulinié. Paris: C. Reinwald et Cie.
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, ont des larves qu'on peut à peine distinguer dans leurs phases successives de développement. Dans le cours de son évolution, l'embryon s'élève généralement par son organisation; j'emploie cette expression, bien que sachant qu'il est à peine possible de définir bien nettement ce qu'on entend par une organisation plus élevée ou plus basse ; toutefois jecrois qu'on ne contestera pas le fait que le papillon ne soit plus élevé que la chenille. Il y a néanmoins des cas où on doit considérer l'animal
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