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A517
Book contribution:
Pitt-Rivers, A. Lane-Fox. 1906 [1875]. On the evolution of culture. In J. L. Myres ed., The evolution of culture and other essays. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 20-44.
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Huxley's expression, a conscious spectator of what has passed. I propose, therefore, with your permission, to give a few examples, by means of diagrams, of material evolution derived from the earliest phases of culture. In language and in all ideas communicated by word of mouth there is a hiatus between the limits of our knowledge and the origin of culture which can never, be bridged over, but we may hold in our hand the first tool ever created by the hand of man. It has been said that the use of
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A517
Book contribution:
Pitt-Rivers, A. Lane-Fox. 1906 [1875]. On the evolution of culture. In J. L. Myres ed., The evolution of culture and other essays. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 20-44.
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It implies continued attention directed by the will to the accomplishment of an object already conceived in the mind, and its subsequent application to another object which must also have been conceived in the mind before the tool was begun. Now we know from all experience, and from all evolution which we can trace with certainty, that progress moves on in an accelerating ratio, and that the earlier processes take longer than the later ones. But the implements of the drift, which are the
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A517
Book contribution:
Pitt-Rivers, A. Lane-Fox. 1906 [1875]. On the evolution of culture. In J. L. Myres ed., The evolution of culture and other essays. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 20-44.
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central point. We know nothing of the antiquities of savage countries as yet, and therefore cannot trace their evolution in time. The development has therefore been shown by means of survivals of early forms existing at the present time. In the centre I have placed the simple cylindrical stick, as being the simplest form. By a gradual development of one end I have traced upwards the formation of a sharp ridge and its transition into a kind of mushroom form. To the right upwards I have traced the
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A517
Book contribution:
Pitt-Rivers, A. Lane-Fox. 1906 [1875]. On the evolution of culture. In J. L. Myres ed., The evolution of culture and other essays. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 20-44.
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as to the development of the forms of speech, and that there are no grounds, upon the score of continuity, history, or the action of free will, to separate these studies generically as distinct classes of science. But in dealing with evolution we have to speak not only of growth, but, as in all other natural sciences, of the principle of decay. By decay I do not mean the decay of the materials of the arts, but the decomposition of the mental ideas which produced them. As complex ideas are built
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A517
Book contribution:
Pitt-Rivers, A. Lane-Fox. 1906 [1875]. On the evolution of culture. In J. L. Myres ed., The evolution of culture and other essays. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 20-44.
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for the object to be attained. Here I must again remind you of the interesting discourse delivered in this Institution on May 14, 1875, by Mr. Evans, on the evolution of British coins.1 His examples are 1 John Evans, 'On the Coinage of the Ancient Britons and Natural Selection,' Journal of the Royal Institution, vii. p. 476 ff.; with a Plate, which is reproduced, by permission, in Plate XXI. [page] THE EVOLUTION OF CULTUEE 4
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A517
Book contribution:
Pitt-Rivers, A. Lane-Fox. 1906 [1875]. On the evolution of culture. In J. L. Myres ed., The evolution of culture and other essays. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 20-44.
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fact of human remains having been found in some of the human -headed urns, and the hasty scratches on the stone models, show that they are merely models appertaining to the conventionalized survival of some earlier or more elaborate system of urn burial. We see from these facts that both growth and decay, the two component elements of evolution, are represented in the study of the material arts. My object in this discourse has been not, as I fear it may have appeared to you from the brief time
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same plant, Mr Darwin endeavours to show the mode in which the peculiar structures of climbing plants have been developed in accordance with his theory of evolution. The little books is, however, of the highest interest independent of any theoretical considerations, and to the botanist its study will be indispensable
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CUL-DAR240
Note:
1875--1908
Newton, T W Catalogue of the Library of Charles Darwin...1875
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C 3 Cabot, L. see Harvard College. Zoology No. V. 101 Caithness, Countess of. Old truths in a New Light 8° 1876 30 Calderwood, H [Henry]. Evolution [and Man's place in Nature.] 8° London, 1893. 45 (12) Cambessèdes, J. De la famille des Geraniacée. 4to 45 (13) --- sur les Elatinees 4to 14 Cambridge University. See Ordinances. 177 Cambridge – Physiological Studies in Laboratory of 88 1877 58 Cambridge Natural Science Manuals. 8vo. 104 Cameron, C. Duties of Great Britain to India 8° 1853. 17a
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CUL-DAR240
Note:
1875--1908
Newton, T W Catalogue of the Library of Charles Darwin...1875
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Claus, C. [Carl]. Grundzüge der Zoologie. 8° Marburg, 1871–73. 72 Ditto – [Untersuchungen zur Erforsehung der genealogischen Grundlage des] Crustaceen-Systems. 4° Wien, 1876 12 Cleland . Evolution, [Expression and Sensation, c. 8vo. Glasgow, 1881.] 91 Clias, P. Gymnastic Exercises. 8° 1825. 25 Coan Titus. Adventures in Patagonia. [8vo. New York] 1880 39 Coe, C. C. Nature versus Natural Selection. 8° London, 1895 38 Cohn, F. Biologie der Pflanzen Bd II Heft II III III, 2. 61 Die Pflanze [8vo
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CUL-DAR240
Note:
1875--1908
Newton, T W Catalogue of the Library of Charles Darwin...1875
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Paris, 1755. 29 Dumont, A. Haeckel et la Théorie de l' Evolution [en Allemagne] (2 copies) 8o Paris, 1873. 13
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CUL-DAR240
Note:
1875--1908
Newton, T W Catalogue of the Library of Charles Darwin...1875
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zur] Gastraea Theorie – Jena 1877 23 See Dumont. 40 History of Creation (trans) 1876 (2 vols) 73 Evolution of Man (trans) 1879 2 vols 13 Freedom in Science (trans) 1879 Freie Wissenschaft, c. [und freie Lehre.] 8vo, Stuttgart, 1878. 18
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CUL-DAR240
Note:
1875--1908
Newton, T W Catalogue of the Library of Charles Darwin...1875
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Barrows. 8vo. Oxford, 1877.] 40 Rolph, W. H. Biologische Probleme [zugleich als Versuch einer Rationellen Ethik.] 8vo. Leipzig, 1882. 12 Romanes G (Anonymous) Candid Exam of Theism [A candid examination of Theism. By Physicus. 8vo. London, 1878.] 47 Do. Mental Evolution in man. 8vo. London, 1888. 38 Do. Darwin, and after Darwin. 2 vols. 8° Lond., 1892-5 23 Do. An exam. of Weismannism. 8vo. Lond., 1893. 123 Do. The Life and Letters of G. J. Romanes. By his wife. 8vo. London, 1896. 74 Do. J. C. Ewart
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CUL-DAR240
Note:
1875--1908
Newton, T W Catalogue of the Library of Charles Darwin...1875
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de Meximieux. Par G. de S., et A. F. Marion. Précédées d'une introduction stratigraphique par Albert Falsan. (Extr.) 4to. Lyon.] 57 --- Evolution due R Vég [L'évolution du règne végétal. Les cryptogames. Par G. de S., et A. F. Marion. 8vo. Paris, 1881.] 56 --- Le Monde des Plantes avant [l' apparition] de l' homme. 8° Paris, 1879 N.c --- Marion. La Flore Heersienne de Gelinden. 4to Brux., 1878. [Révision de la Flore Heersienne de Gelinden....Par le comte G. de S., et A. F. Marion. (Extr.)] 97
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CUL-DAR240
Note:
1875--1908
Newton, T W Catalogue of the Library of Charles Darwin...1875
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V. Na Vacek M Osterreichische Mastodonten 1877 Varigny, H. de. Experimental Evolution 8vo. London, 1892. Varigny, Henry de. see Darwin, Charles 104 Vance, R. Diseases of Rectum 150 Vasseur, Les Terrains Tertiaires. Iere partie. Bretagne 8o Paris, 1881. [Recherches géologiques sur les Terrains tertiaires de la France occidentale. Stratigraphie. Ière Partie: Bretagne.] Vaucher, J. [Histoire physiologique des] Plantes d' Europe. 4 vols. 8o Paris, 1841. Van Beneden, P-J. Mémoires sur les Verd
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CUL-DAR75.60
Abstract:
[1875--1882.04.00]
[reference incomplete] `Boston NHS' [Proceedings or Mem] 1870-1875
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. Putnam] p. 236 238 Hyatt on Jurassic ammonites [Prof. A. Hyatt Abstract of a memoir on the 'Biological relations of the Jurassic ammonites.] Vol. XIV 1870-71. p. 22, 31 Hyatt – Reversion already ammonites [Prof. A. Hyatt. Reversions among the ammonites.] XVI 1873-74 [p. 166] -Hyatt Evolution of the Arietidæ 61 Proc. American Acads of Sciences New series Vol III. p. 235 A Agassiz – relation of ancient Echinoderm embryology p 286 coral on coast of Peru 2900 The same as in W. Indies
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F2109
Book contribution:
Nevill, Dorothy. [1875-1881]. [Recollection and letter of Darwin]. In Nevill, Ralph ed. 1919. The life and letters of Lady Dorothy Nevill. London: Methuen, pp. 56-58.
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At the time of the publication of the Origin of Species, my mother, unlike a number of her contemporaries who feared the book would shake people's faith in religion, remained quite unperturbed, and she became very much interested in the theory which was to have such a profound effect upon scientific thought. At the present day it is difficult to realize the stir caused when the theory of Evolution was first launched. A great friend of hers wrote: Keep me some hour when you come to London and
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F2111
Book contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1896. [Recollections of Darwin and correspondence with Romanes, 1875-1881]. In E. D. Romanes ed., The life and letters of George John Romanes. 6th impression. London: Longmans, 1908.
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on pure instinct, get Fabre, 'Souvenirs Entomologiques,' 1879. It is really admirable, and very good on the sense of direction in insects. I have sent him some suggestions such as rotating the insects, but I do not know whether he will try them. Yours very sincerely, CHARLES DARWIN. 1 Diagram for a lecture on 'Mental Evolution.' H 2 [page] 10
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F836
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1875. The movements and habits of climbing plants. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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be found in any part of the kingdom of nature. It is, also, an interesting fact that intermediate states between organs fitted for widely different functions, may be observed on the same individual plant of Corydalis claviculata and the common vine; and these cases illustrate in a striking manner the principle of the gradual evolution of species. —————————— * An English translation of the 'Lehrbuch der Botanik' by Professor Sachs, has recently (1875), appeared under the title of 'Text-Book of
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F1916
Book contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1875. [Letter to Haeckel published in "History of Creation"]. In Schmidt, O., The doctrine of descent and darwinism. London: Henry S. King & Co. 2d ed, pp. 132-3.
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Darwin, C. R. 1875. [Letter to Haeckel on the origins of Darwin's theory of evolution]. In Schmidt, O., The doctrine of descent and Darwinism. London: Henry S. King Co. 2nd edition, pp. 132-3 [page] 130 Even after the appearance of Lyell's Principles of Geology, the hypothesis of catastrophes received its special completion by Elie de Beaumont's theory of the structure and genesis of mountain chains. From the first, however, Lyell interposed, and derived the following conclusion from a
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F2111
Book contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1896. [Recollections of Darwin and correspondence with Romanes, 1875-1881]. In E. D. Romanes ed., The life and letters of George John Romanes. 6th impression. London: Longmans, 1908.
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such a thing as reflex action without well-defined structural channels for it to occur in. But if you have found something of the same sort in plants, of course I shall be very glad to have your authority to quote. And I think it follows deductively from the general theory of evolution, that reflex action ought to be present before the lines in which it flows are sufficiently differentiated to become distinguishable as nerves. I am very glad that you are pleased with my progress so far. From C
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