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F2111
Book contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1896. [Recollections of Darwin and correspondence with Romanes, 1875-1881]. In E. D. Romanes ed., The life and letters of George John Romanes. 6th impression. London: Longmans, 1908.
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our best thanks for your kind congratulations on the opportune arrival of another baby just in time to be worked into the book on Mental Evolution. Everything is going well. Very sincerely and most respectfully yours, GEO. J. ROMANES. To C. Darwin Esq. 18 Cornwall Terrace, Regent's Park, N.W.: July 1. I have told Collier that he had now better write to you direct at whatever time he intends to make his final arrangements with you as to place and time of sitting. He has just finished a portrait
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A517
Book contribution:
Pitt-Rivers, A. Lane-Fox. 1906 [1875]. On the evolution of culture. In J. L. Myres ed., The evolution of culture and other essays. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 20-44.
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ON THE EVOLUTION OF CULTURE (1875) If we accept the definition of the term science as 'organized common sense', we necessarily reject the idea of it as a ' great medicine' applicable only to particular subjects and inapplicable to others; and we assume that all those things which call forth the exercise of our common sense are capable of being scientifically dealt with, according as the knowledge which we pretend to have about them is based on evidence in the first place, and in the sequel is
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A517
Book contribution:
Pitt-Rivers, A. Lane-Fox. 1906 [1875]. On the evolution of culture. In J. L. Myres ed., The evolution of culture and other essays. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 20-44.
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that our third stage is but a development of the second, evolution being merely the necessary and inevitable result of the extension of classification, implying greater unity and broader generalizations. v' These three stages then, the empirical or practical, the classificatory or comparative, and the evolutionary, are applicable to the development of all the inductive sciences. But it has been held by some that a broad line of demarcation must be drawn between the physical sciences properly so
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A517
Book contribution:
Pitt-Rivers, A. Lane-Fox. 1906 [1875]. On the evolution of culture. In J. L. Myres ed., The evolution of culture and other essays. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 20-44.
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this objection might have appeared during the empirical and comparative stages of the physical sciences, it cannot be maintained, since the researches of Darwin and others have fairly landed them in their evolutionary phase. The principles of variation and natural selection have established a bond of union between the physical and culture sciences which [ can never be broken. History is but another term for evolution. There are histories and histories, as any one may determine who has read
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A517
Book contribution:
Pitt-Rivers, A. Lane-Fox. 1906 [1875]. On the evolution of culture. In J. L. Myres ed., The evolution of culture and other essays. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 20-44.
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those classifications which form the groundwork of a science. But when we say that words and implements are both tools employed for the expression of thought, it is important to bear in view one difference between them, which hag a practical bearing on the relative value of the two studies as a means of tracing the evolution of culture in prehistoric times and amongst savages. The word is the tool of the ear, the implement the tool of the eye; and for this reason language is the science of historic
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A517
Book contribution:
Pitt-Rivers, A. Lane-Fox. 1906 [1875]. On the evolution of culture. In J. L. Myres ed., The evolution of culture and other essays. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 20-44.
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is by this means alone that we can trace out the origin and evolution of culture in the earliest times. The task before us is to follow by means of them the succession of ideas by which the mind of man has developed, from the simple to the complex, and from the homogeneous to the heterogeneous ; to work out step by step, by the use of such symbols as the arts afford, that law of contiguity by which the mind has passed from simple cohesion of states of consciousness to the association of ideas
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A517
Book contribution:
Pitt-Rivers, A. Lane-Fox. 1906 [1875]. On the evolution of culture. In J. L. Myres ed., The evolution of culture and other essays. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 20-44.
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Huxley's expression, a conscious spectator of what has passed. I propose, therefore, with your permission, to give a few examples, by means of diagrams, of material evolution derived from the earliest phases of culture. In language and in all ideas communicated by word of mouth there is a hiatus between the limits of our knowledge and the origin of culture which can never, be bridged over, but we may hold in our hand the first tool ever created by the hand of man. It has been said that the use of
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A517
Book contribution:
Pitt-Rivers, A. Lane-Fox. 1906 [1875]. On the evolution of culture. In J. L. Myres ed., The evolution of culture and other essays. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 20-44.
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It implies continued attention directed by the will to the accomplishment of an object already conceived in the mind, and its subsequent application to another object which must also have been conceived in the mind before the tool was begun. Now we know from all experience, and from all evolution which we can trace with certainty, that progress moves on in an accelerating ratio, and that the earlier processes take longer than the later ones. But the implements of the drift, which are the
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A517
Book contribution:
Pitt-Rivers, A. Lane-Fox. 1906 [1875]. On the evolution of culture. In J. L. Myres ed., The evolution of culture and other essays. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 20-44.
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central point. We know nothing of the antiquities of savage countries as yet, and therefore cannot trace their evolution in time. The development has therefore been shown by means of survivals of early forms existing at the present time. In the centre I have placed the simple cylindrical stick, as being the simplest form. By a gradual development of one end I have traced upwards the formation of a sharp ridge and its transition into a kind of mushroom form. To the right upwards I have traced the
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A517
Book contribution:
Pitt-Rivers, A. Lane-Fox. 1906 [1875]. On the evolution of culture. In J. L. Myres ed., The evolution of culture and other essays. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 20-44.
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as to the development of the forms of speech, and that there are no grounds, upon the score of continuity, history, or the action of free will, to separate these studies generically as distinct classes of science. But in dealing with evolution we have to speak not only of growth, but, as in all other natural sciences, of the principle of decay. By decay I do not mean the decay of the materials of the arts, but the decomposition of the mental ideas which produced them. As complex ideas are built
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A517
Book contribution:
Pitt-Rivers, A. Lane-Fox. 1906 [1875]. On the evolution of culture. In J. L. Myres ed., The evolution of culture and other essays. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 20-44.
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for the object to be attained. Here I must again remind you of the interesting discourse delivered in this Institution on May 14, 1875, by Mr. Evans, on the evolution of British coins.1 His examples are 1 John Evans, 'On the Coinage of the Ancient Britons and Natural Selection,' Journal of the Royal Institution, vii. p. 476 ff.; with a Plate, which is reproduced, by permission, in Plate XXI. [page] THE EVOLUTION OF CULTUEE 4
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A517
Book contribution:
Pitt-Rivers, A. Lane-Fox. 1906 [1875]. On the evolution of culture. In J. L. Myres ed., The evolution of culture and other essays. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 20-44.
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fact of human remains having been found in some of the human -headed urns, and the hasty scratches on the stone models, show that they are merely models appertaining to the conventionalized survival of some earlier or more elaborate system of urn burial. We see from these facts that both growth and decay, the two component elements of evolution, are represented in the study of the material arts. My object in this discourse has been not, as I fear it may have appeared to you from the brief time
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same plant, Mr Darwin endeavours to show the mode in which the peculiar structures of climbing plants have been developed in accordance with his theory of evolution. The little books is, however, of the highest interest independent of any theoretical considerations, and to the botanist its study will be indispensable
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CUL-DAR240
Note:
1875--1908
Newton, T W Catalogue of the Library of Charles Darwin...1875
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C 3 Cabot, L. see Harvard College. Zoology No. V. 101 Caithness, Countess of. Old truths in a New Light 8° 1876 30 Calderwood, H [Henry]. Evolution [and Man's place in Nature.] 8° London, 1893. 45 (12) Cambessèdes, J. De la famille des Geraniacée. 4to 45 (13) --- sur les Elatinees 4to 14 Cambridge University. See Ordinances. 177 Cambridge — Physiological Studies in Laboratory of 88 1877 58 Cambridge Natural Science Manuals. 8vo. 104 Cameron, C. Duties of Great Britain to India 8° 1853. 17a
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CUL-DAR240
Note:
1875--1908
Newton, T W Catalogue of the Library of Charles Darwin...1875
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Claus, C. [Carl]. Grundzüge der Zoologie. 8° Marburg, 1871–73. 72 Ditto — [Untersuchungen zur Erforsehung der genealogischen Grundlage des] Crustaceen-Systems. 4° Wien, 1876 12 Cleland . Evolution, [Expression and Sensation, c. 8vo. Glasgow, 1881.] 91 Clias, P. Gymnastic Exercises. 8° 1825. 25 Coan Titus. Adventures in Patagonia. [8vo. New York] 1880 39 Coe, C. C. Nature versus Natural Selection. 8° London, 1895 38 Cohn, F. Biologie der Pflanzen Bd II Heft II III III, 2. 61 Die Pflanze [8vo
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CUL-DAR240
Note:
1875--1908
Newton, T W Catalogue of the Library of Charles Darwin...1875
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Paris, 1755. 29 Dumont, A. Haeckel et la Théorie de l' Evolution [en Allemagne] (2 copies) 8o Paris, 1873. 13
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CUL-DAR240
Note:
1875--1908
Newton, T W Catalogue of the Library of Charles Darwin...1875
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zur] Gastraea Theorie — Jena 1877 23 See Dumont. 40 History of Creation (trans) 1876 (2 vols) 73 Evolution of Man (trans) 1879 2 vols 13 Freedom in Science (trans) 1879 Freie Wissenschaft, c. [und freie Lehre.] 8vo, Stuttgart, 1878. 18
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CUL-DAR240
Note:
1875--1908
Newton, T W Catalogue of the Library of Charles Darwin...1875
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Barrows. 8vo. Oxford, 1877.] 40 Rolph, W. H. Biologische Probleme [zugleich als Versuch einer Rationellen Ethik.] 8vo. Leipzig, 1882. 12 Romanes G (Anonymous) Candid Exam of Theism [A candid examination of Theism. By Physicus. 8vo. London, 1878.] 47 Do. Mental Evolution in man. 8vo. London, 1888. 38 Do. Darwin, and after Darwin. 2 vols. 8° Lond., 1892-5 23 Do. An exam. of Weismannism. 8vo. Lond., 1893. 123 Do. The Life and Letters of G. J. Romanes. By his wife. 8vo. London, 1896. 74 Do. J. C. Ewart
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CUL-DAR240
Note:
1875--1908
Newton, T W Catalogue of the Library of Charles Darwin...1875
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de Meximieux. Par G. de S., et A. F. Marion. Précédées d'une introduction stratigraphique par Albert Falsan. (Extr.) 4to. Lyon.] 57 --- Evolution due R Vég [L'évolution du règne végétal. Les cryptogames. Par G. de S., et A. F. Marion. 8vo. Paris, 1881.] 56 --- Le Monde des Plantes avant [l' apparition] de l' homme. 8° Paris, 1879 N.c --- Marion. La Flore Heersienne de Gelinden. 4to Brux., 1878. [Révision de la Flore Heersienne de Gelinden....Par le comte G. de S., et A. F. Marion. (Extr.)] 97
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CUL-DAR240
Note:
1875--1908
Newton, T W Catalogue of the Library of Charles Darwin...1875
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V. Na Vacek M Osterreichische Mastodonten 1877 Varigny, H. de. Experimental Evolution 8vo. London, 1892. Varigny, Henry de. see Darwin, Charles 104 Vance, R. Diseases of Rectum 150 Vasseur, Les Terrains Tertiaires. Iere partie. Bretagne 8o Paris, 1881. [Recherches géologiques sur les Terrains tertiaires de la France occidentale. Stratigraphie. Ière Partie: Bretagne.] Vaucher, J. [Histoire physiologique des] Plantes d'Europe. 4 vols. 8o Paris, 1841. Van Beneden, P-J. Mémoires sur les Verd
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