Search Results - The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online

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A773.01 Beagle Library: Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 1. Text

prepared the way for the evolution of those which lived at a subsequent period, contributed to the extinction of the earlier races. According to this statement, there is little difficulty in accounting for the extinction and revival of the different races of the less perfect animals and vegetables, whose germs appear, even at present, to be regulated according to such circumstances. But it offers no solution of the difficulty attending the preservation of the germs of the more perfect animals

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A773.01 Beagle Library: Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 1. Text

had no doubt of the other uterus containing a similar embryo in a less advanced state. The origin of this gelatinous substance has not been satisfactorily ascertained. As the coats of the uterus are thin, it is scarcely to be considered as a secretion from these, but is more likely to proceed either from the oviducts or lateral canals. But the manner in which the f tus is nourished in this jelly, is a question which remains to be determined. The evolution of the ovum by means of placentation

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A773.01 Beagle Library: Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 1. Text

, 558 PLATE V. 1. Coryna squamata. a Natural size, b magnified. 616 2. glandulosa. a b 616 3. Sertularia gelatinosa. a b ib. 4. Ephydatia canalium, nat. size. - - 614 5. Furocerca. - - - 618 CORRIGENDA. VOL. I. Page 53. line 13. from the top. after superior add to 125. 8. for facility read faculty 238. 9. consistent inconsistent 250. 21. property -propriety 263. 18. been become 402. 9. before evolution insert internal VOL.II. Page 121. line 14. from the top, for the read their 120. 25. -fifth

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A773.01 Beagle Library: Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 1. Text

animals that have been, or ever shall be, in the world, were really all formed within the first of their respective kind, to be brought forth in a determinate order. This Theory of Evolution, as it has been termed, is in a great measure the result of microscopic observations, assisted by preconceived views. There is one circumstance, however, which not only receives no explanation upon the principles of this [page] 2

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A773.01 Beagle Library: Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 1. Text

be excluded with difficulty from any place to which air and water have access, and if they are capable of retaining, for an indefinite length of time, the vital principle, when circumstances are not favourable to its evolution, the crust of the earth may be considered as a mere receptacle of germs, each of which is ready to expand into vegetable or animal forms, upon the occurrence of those conditions necessary to its growth. [page] 2

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A773.01 Beagle Library: Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 1. Text

the living action, animation is suspended or destroyed, when the temperature sinks below a certain degree, which differs according to the species. In some animals, reviviscence and torpidity may be produced by turns, by the communication or abstraction of caloric. In many cases, where an elevated temperature, or one higher than the surrounding medium is required, as in some plants during the fecundation of the seed, and in warm blooded animals, organs are provided which occasion the evolution of

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A773.01 Beagle Library: Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 1. Text

germination or evolution appears to take place in quadrupeds according to two different plans. In the first, there is no adhesion of the germ to the walls of the uterus, while, in the second, placentation or adhesion takes place. In the Marsupial genera, which we have seen are furnished with a complicated uterus, there is no trace, in the young, after birth, of any umbilical cord; at least Sir E. HOME could not detect any in the f tus of the kangaroo after exclusion *. He has given a

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A773.01 Beagle Library: Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 1. Text

animal and the skin of the parent, when it becomes detached and independent. Two or more such buds may be observed expanding on the same parent at once; and, previous to the young dropping off, other buds may be observed evolving on their surface. This mode of reproduction appears to be confined to the class of Zoophytes. It is not, however, the only method of generation exhibited by these animals. The Sertulari not only increase by the lateral evolution of their young, but by the production of

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A773.02 Beagle Library: Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 2. Text

and recovered perfectly on being placed in a warmer medium. In the exhausted receiver of an air-pump, a torpid bat lived seven minutes, in which another bat died at the end of three minutes. Torpid bats, when confined in a vessel containing atmospheric air, consumed six hundredths of the oxygen, and produced five hundred parts of carbonic acid. Viewing this in connection with his other experiments, this philosopher concluded, that the consumption of the oxygen, and the evolution of the

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A773.01 Beagle Library: Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 1. Text

sisters, has the monstrosity been produced by the evolution of a double ovum, or by the union of two ova in the uterus ? Many circumstances countenance the latter supposition. [page] 39

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A763 Beagle Library: Daniell, John Frederic. 1823. Meteorological essays and observations. London: Thomas and George Underwood. Text

attained their original relative distances, and resume their parallel progression. It would be difficult, I think, to assign any other cause for this modification of the phenomena than the one which has just been suggested. The evolution of heat, in the process of freezing, stops the decline of temperature in the regions exposed to its influence, while it proceeds in those which are not exposed to the change; and the absorption of heat, in the operation of thawing, prevents the accession of

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A763 Beagle Library: Daniell, John Frederic. 1823. Meteorological essays and observations. London: Thomas and George Underwood. Text

XXXVI. Great falls of the Barometer are generally accompanied by a temperature above the mean for the season; and great rises by one below the same. This is a confirmation of the same nature as the last, and inseparably connected with it. It is by the evolution of heat that the vapour principally acts. The mean temperature which balances all irregularities, must be the regular temperature of the climate, and c teris paribus, that at which the currents must be most disposed to regularity

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A763 Beagle Library: Daniell, John Frederic. 1823. Meteorological essays and observations. London: Thomas and George Underwood. Text

an increase of humidity in December and January, and a rapid decrease in the four following months; an expectation which we shall find correct in our further investigation. There is another law of the aqueous fluid, which we might also expect to have an influence upon the emission of its steam the evolution, namely, of heat in the process of congelation and its absorption during the liquefaction of ice. The British isles are placed in such a position, as would induce us to suppose that, at

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A763 Beagle Library: Daniell, John Frederic. 1823. Meteorological essays and observations. London: Thomas and George Underwood. Text

shores in a state of saturation. Great part of the vapour is there at once precipitated, and the temperature of the climate raised by the evolution of its latent heat. XV. A wind generally sets from the sea to the land during the day, and from the land to the sea during the night, especially in hot climates. The land and sea-breezes are amongst the most constant of the phenomena of the inconstant subject with which we are occupied. The land becomes much more heated by the action of the sun's rays

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A763 Beagle Library: Daniell, John Frederic. 1823. Meteorological essays and observations. London: Thomas and George Underwood. Text

different manner, and I conceive that the fact is much more reconcileable to the mechanical than to the chemical theory. If we suppose a consumption of the oxygen to take place, by the decomposition of the atmosphere, at any given spot, in what way is chemical affinity to act to restore the uniformity of the compound? No evolution of oxygen takes place, and it cannot be supplied by the surrounding portions; for the affinity of nitrogen for oxygen can never be supplied by the decomposition of

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A763 Beagle Library: Daniell, John Frederic. 1823. Meteorological essays and observations. London: Thomas and George Underwood. Text

circumstances, would be maintained by a regular system of antagonist currents. The second is an elastic fluid, condensible by cold with evolution of caloric; increasing in force in geometrical progression with equal augmentations of temperature; permeating the former and moving in its interstices, as a spring of water flows through a sand-rock. When in a state of motion this intestine filtration is redarded by the inertia of the gaseous medium, but in a state of rest the particles press only

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A558.2 Beagle Library: Hall, Basil. 1824. Extracts from a journal, written on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, in the years 1820, 1821, 1822. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Constable. vol. 2. Text Image

together, we shot rapidly up the river, threading our way, as it were, through the woods, which stood dark and still, like two vast black walls along the banks of the stream. Men were placed by the anchor; and all hands were at their stations, ready, at an instant's warning, to perform any evolution; not a word was spoken, except when the pilot addressed the helmsman, and received his reply not the least sound was heard but the plash of the sounding lead, and the dripping of the dew from the

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CUL-DAR112.B77-B84 Note: [Undated] It would be inappropriate even if it were possible ... Text Image

that is to say he proleptically accepted the modern doctrine of evolution; and his successors might do well to follow their leader, or at any rate to attend to his weighty reasonings — and abstain from nourishing an antagonism which has no logical foundation. Having got rid the belief in chance* the disbelief in design as in no sense appurtenances of Evolution, the third libel upon that doctrine, that is in antitheistic, might perhaps be left to shift for itself. But the persistence with which

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CUL-DAR112.B77-B84 Note: [Undated] It would be inappropriate even if it were possible ... Text Image

germ to its full size. Therefore evolution, in the strictest sense is actually going on, in this and analogous cases, in millions millions of cases wherever living creations exist. Therefore to borrow an argument from Butler as that which use happens must be consistent with the attributes of the Deity if such a Being exists, Evolution must be consistent with those attributes. And, if so, the evolution of the Universe, being neither more nor less explicable than that of a chicken, must also be

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CUL-DAR112.B77-B84 Note: [Undated] It would be inappropriate even if it were possible ... Text Image

by the doctrine of Evolution, but is actually based upon the fundamental proposition of Evolution. This proposition is that the whole world living not living in the is the result of the mutual interaction, according to definite laws, of the forces* possessed by the molecules of which the primitive nebulosity * I should now like to substitute the word powers for 'forces' [81