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A755    Beagle Library:     DeCandolle, Augustin Pyramus and Sprengel, Kurt Polycarp Joachim. 1821. Elements of the philosophy of plants: containing the principles of scientific botany, nomenclature, theory of classification, phytography; anatomy, chemistry, physiology, geography, and diseases of plants: with a history of the science and practical illustrations. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and London: T. Cadell.   Text
the contraction in the whole body, and raise its entire irritability, we must be sensible, that this is the time when the expenditure of sap must be the greatest, although we should not take into consideration the fresh exhalation from die blossoms, or the evolution of azote and hydrogen from them. In fact, all our experience, both on a great and on a small scale, confirms this remark. In horticulture, it is known, that a plant requires the most powerful irrigation, when it puts on its
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A755    Beagle Library:     DeCandolle, Augustin Pyramus and Sprengel, Kurt Polycarp Joachim. 1821. Elements of the philosophy of plants: containing the principles of scientific botany, nomenclature, theory of classification, phytography; anatomy, chemistry, physiology, geography, and diseases of plants: with a history of the science and practical illustrations. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and London: T. Cadell.   Text
considerable heat is generated, namely, in the spadix of the Arum species, and, according to one report, also in the Pandanus when it flowers; although this phenomenon proceeds less from any preponderance of vital activity, than from a process which is truly chemical, and which relates to the evolution of elementary bodies in the blossoms; (Sennebier, Phys. Veget.; Hall in Bradley's and Adams' Med. and Phys. Jour.; Bory St Vincent in Ann. Gener. des Sciences Phys.) 378. We come now to another vital
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A755    Beagle Library:     DeCandolle, Augustin Pyramus and Sprengel, Kurt Polycarp Joachim. 1821. Elements of the philosophy of plants: containing the principles of scientific botany, nomenclature, theory of classification, phytography; anatomy, chemistry, physiology, geography, and diseases of plants: with a history of the science and practical illustrations. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and London: T. Cadell.   Text
peculiar pointed petal, until, after the complete evolution of the blossom, this petal relaxes, and thus leaves the fruit-stalk at liberty, which then stretches and raises itself up, although it still continues curved; (Fred. Bauer, Illustr. Nov. Holl.) The irritability of the arched margin of the corolla of the Leeuwenhoekia, R. B. is to be explained in the same manner. An irritability has also been ascribed to the parts of the glume or the Leersia lenticularis, Mich., which is known in North America
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A755    Beagle Library:     DeCandolle, Augustin Pyramus and Sprengel, Kurt Polycarp Joachim. 1821. Elements of the philosophy of plants: containing the principles of scientific botany, nomenclature, theory of classification, phytography; anatomy, chemistry, physiology, geography, and diseases of plants: with a history of the science and practical illustrations. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and London: T. Cadell.   Text
that the evolution of the embryon with its cotyledons is performed so much at the expense of the albuminous substance, that this substance is either entirely consumed, and becomes one with the chorion, or there remains only a small trace of it. 384. Although the chemical changes in the germ are of very high moment, yet this process cannot otherwise be fundamentally explained but in a dynamical way. The object of first importance in germs is their vital activity; and this in many plants dies so
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A755    Beagle Library:     DeCandolle, Augustin Pyramus and Sprengel, Kurt Polycarp Joachim. 1821. Elements of the philosophy of plants: containing the principles of scientific botany, nomenclature, theory of classification, phytography; anatomy, chemistry, physiology, geography, and diseases of plants: with a history of the science and practical illustrations. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and London: T. Cadell.   Text
stimuli which now awaken the life of the germ, and enable it to make use of its proper nourishment, the carbonic acid water impregnated with azote, for its full evolution. If the embryon remains still undeveloped in the seed, more arrangements and preparations must be had recourse to, before it will completely unfold itself. In many of the lower plants, the necessity of these preparations consists in this, that the awakening life, directed by no fixed original type, produces fluctuating forms
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A755    Beagle Library:     DeCandolle, Augustin Pyramus and Sprengel, Kurt Polycarp Joachim. 1821. Elements of the philosophy of plants: containing the principles of scientific botany, nomenclature, theory of classification, phytography; anatomy, chemistry, physiology, geography, and diseases of plants: with a history of the science and practical illustrations. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and London: T. Cadell.   Text
sexual theory, (Das Neueste aus dem Planzenreich, Nurnberg, 1768, folio); and Caspar Frederick Wolf, of the academy at Petersburgh, who died 1794, gave, in his Theoria Generationis, Halle, 1774, the most complete discussion of the phenomena of fructification, as he also gave the first explanation of the evolution of the organs of plants from one another; (Nov. Comment. Petrop. XII. p. 403; XIII. p. 478.) 457. The anatomy of plants was neglected in the time of Linn us. But George Christian Reichel
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A773.01    Beagle Library:     Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 1.   Text
II. Conditions necessary for the existence of the Vital Principle. 22 1. A Parent, Univocal Generation. Equivocal Generation. Theory of Evolution. Transmutation of Species. 23 2. Moisture. Whether the vital principle resides in the solids or fluids. 29 3. Temperature. The increase of living beings as we approach the Equator. 30 4. Atmospheric air. Decomposed. Carbonic acid generated. 33 5. Nourishment. ib. III. Modifications of the Vital Principle. Health. Disease. Monsters, through excess or
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A773.01    Beagle Library:     Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 1.   Text
prepared the way for the evolution of those which lived at a subsequent period, contributed to the extinction of the earlier races. According to this statement, there is little difficulty in accounting for the extinction and revival of the different races of the less perfect animals and vegetables, whose germs appear, even at present, to be regulated according to such circumstances. But it offers no solution of the difficulty attending the preservation of the germs of the more perfect animals
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A773.01    Beagle Library:     Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 1.   Text
had no doubt of the other uterus containing a similar embryo in a less advanced state. The origin of this gelatinous substance has not been satisfactorily ascertained. As the coats of the uterus are thin, it is scarcely to be considered as a secretion from these, but is more likely to proceed either from the oviducts or lateral canals. But the manner in which the f tus is nourished in this jelly, is a question which remains to be determined. The evolution of the ovum by means of placentation
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A773.01    Beagle Library:     Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 1.   Text
, 558 PLATE V. 1. Coryna squamata. a Natural size, b magnified. 616 2. glandulosa. a b 616 3. Sertularia gelatinosa. a b ib. 4. Ephydatia canalium, nat. size. - - 614 5. Furocerca. - - - 618 CORRIGENDA. VOL. I. Page 53. line 13. from the top. after superior add to 125. 8. for facility read faculty 238. 9. consistent inconsistent 250. 21. property -propriety 263. 18. been become 402. 9. before evolution insert internal VOL.II. Page 121. line 14. from the top, for the read their 120. 25. -fifth
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A773.01    Beagle Library:     Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 1.   Text
animals that have been, or ever shall be, in the world, were really all formed within the first of their respective kind, to be brought forth in a determinate order. This Theory of Evolution, as it has been termed, is in a great measure the result of microscopic observations, assisted by preconceived views. There is one circumstance, however, which not only receives no explanation upon the principles of this [page] 2
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A773.01    Beagle Library:     Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 1.   Text
be excluded with difficulty from any place to which air and water have access, and if they are capable of retaining, for an indefinite length of time, the vital principle, when circumstances are not favourable to its evolution, the crust of the earth may be considered as a mere receptacle of germs, each of which is ready to expand into vegetable or animal forms, upon the occurrence of those conditions necessary to its growth. [page] 2
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A773.01    Beagle Library:     Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 1.   Text
the living action, animation is suspended or destroyed, when the temperature sinks below a certain degree, which differs according to the species. In some animals, reviviscence and torpidity may be produced by turns, by the communication or abstraction of caloric. In many cases, where an elevated temperature, or one higher than the surrounding medium is required, as in some plants during the fecundation of the seed, and in warm blooded animals, organs are provided which occasion the evolution of
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A773.01    Beagle Library:     Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 1.   Text
germination or evolution appears to take place in quadrupeds according to two different plans. In the first, there is no adhesion of the germ to the walls of the uterus, while, in the second, placentation or adhesion takes place. In the Marsupial genera, which we have seen are furnished with a complicated uterus, there is no trace, in the young, after birth, of any umbilical cord; at least Sir E. HOME could not detect any in the f tus of the kangaroo after exclusion *. He has given a
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A773.01    Beagle Library:     Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 1.   Text
animal and the skin of the parent, when it becomes detached and independent. Two or more such buds may be observed expanding on the same parent at once; and, previous to the young dropping off, other buds may be observed evolving on their surface. This mode of reproduction appears to be confined to the class of Zoophytes. It is not, however, the only method of generation exhibited by these animals. The Sertulari not only increase by the lateral evolution of their young, but by the production of
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A773.02    Beagle Library:     Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 2.   Text
and recovered perfectly on being placed in a warmer medium. In the exhausted receiver of an air-pump, a torpid bat lived seven minutes, in which another bat died at the end of three minutes. Torpid bats, when confined in a vessel containing atmospheric air, consumed six hundredths of the oxygen, and produced five hundred parts of carbonic acid. Viewing this in connection with his other experiments, this philosopher concluded, that the consumption of the oxygen, and the evolution of the
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A773.01    Beagle Library:     Fleming, John. 1822. The philosophy of zoology; or, A general view of the structure, functions, and classification of animals. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co. vol. 1.   Text
sisters, has the monstrosity been produced by the evolution of a double ovum, or by the union of two ova in the uterus ? Many circumstances countenance the latter supposition. [page] 39
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A763    Beagle Library:     Daniell, John Frederic. 1823. Meteorological essays and observations. London: Thomas and George Underwood.   Text
attained their original relative distances, and resume their parallel progression. It would be difficult, I think, to assign any other cause for this modification of the phenomena than the one which has just been suggested. The evolution of heat, in the process of freezing, stops the decline of temperature in the regions exposed to its influence, while it proceeds in those which are not exposed to the change; and the absorption of heat, in the operation of thawing, prevents the accession of
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A763    Beagle Library:     Daniell, John Frederic. 1823. Meteorological essays and observations. London: Thomas and George Underwood.   Text
XXXVI. Great falls of the Barometer are generally accompanied by a temperature above the mean for the season; and great rises by one below the same. This is a confirmation of the same nature as the last, and inseparably connected with it. It is by the evolution of heat that the vapour principally acts. The mean temperature which balances all irregularities, must be the regular temperature of the climate, and c teris paribus, that at which the currents must be most disposed to regularity
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A763    Beagle Library:     Daniell, John Frederic. 1823. Meteorological essays and observations. London: Thomas and George Underwood.   Text
an increase of humidity in December and January, and a rapid decrease in the four following months; an expectation which we shall find correct in our further investigation. There is another law of the aqueous fluid, which we might also expect to have an influence upon the emission of its steam the evolution, namely, of heat in the process of congelation and its absorption during the liquefaction of ice. The British isles are placed in such a position, as would induce us to suppose that, at
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