A1016    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1880. Island life: or, the phenomena and causes of insular faunas and floras, including a revision and attempted solution of the problem of geological climates. London: Macmillan & Co.   Text

evolution, nothing can be more certain than that groups now broken up and detached were once continuous, and that fragmentary groups and isolated forms are but the relics of once widespread types, which have been preserved in a few localities where the physical conditions were especially favourable, or where organic competition was less severe. The true explanation of all such remote geographical affinities is, that they date back to a time when the ancestral group of which they are the common

A1016    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1880. Island life: or, the phenomena and causes of insular faunas and floras, including a revision and attempted solution of the problem of geological climates. London: Macmillan & Co.   Text

our species, we must certainly hold them to be peculiar till they have been proved to be otherwise. The great speciality of the Irish fishes is very interesting, because it is just what we should expect on the theory of evolution. In Ireland the two main causes of specific change isolation and altered conditions are each more powerful than in Britain. Whatever difficulty continental fishes may have in passing over to Britain, that difficulty will certainly be increased by the second sea

A1016    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1880. Island life: or, the phenomena and causes of insular faunas and floras, including a revision and attempted solution of the problem of geological climates. London: Macmillan & Co.   Text

presents us with a very large proportion of peculiar species, not only in its mammalia, which have no means of crossing the wide strait which separates it from the mainland, but also in its birds, many of which are quite able to cross over. Here, too, we obtain a glimpse of the way in which species die out and are replaced by others, which quite agrees with what the theory of evolution assures us must have occurred. On a continent, the process of extinction will generally take effect on the

A1016    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1880. Island life: or, the phenomena and causes of insular faunas and floras, including a revision and attempted solution of the problem of geological climates. London: Macmillan & Co.   Text

rudiments of wingbones, but also the rudiments of wings, that is, an external limb bearing rigid quills or largely-developed plumes. In the cassowary these wing-feathers are reduced to long spines like porcupine-quills, while even in the Apteryx, the minute external wing bears a series of nearly twenty stiff quill-like feathers.1 These facts render it probable that the struthious birds do not owe their imperfect wings to a direct evolution from a reptilian type, but to a retrograde development from some

A1925    Review:     Anon. 1880. [Review of Erasmus]. International Review (May): 568.   Text   PDF

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [page] 568 Mr. Charles Darwin, in his Origin of Species, very briefly called attention to the fact that his grandfather, Dr. Erasmus Darwin, author of the Botanical Garden and other once-famous books in prose and verse, had proposed a theory of evolution, earlier than Lamarck's, founded on the same principle of spontaneous energy or action from within the organism, selecting among the influences of its environment and making use of them for its own

F913.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1880. De la variation des animaux et des plantes à l'état domestique. Traduit sur la seconde édition anglaise par Ed. Barbier; préface de Carl Vogt. Paris: C. Reinwald et Cie. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

évolution et qui la précède dans l'ordre normal de la croissance. Nous avons prouvé dans la discussion consacrée à ce sujet que la matière formative contenue dans le pollen des plantes, matière qui, en vertu de notre hypothèse, se compose de gemmules, peut s'unir avec les cellules particulièrement développées de la plante mère, et les modifier. Comme les tissus des plantes, autant que nous pouvons le savoir, se forment seulement par la prolifération de cellules préexistantes, nous devons en

NHM-WP6.4.1    Note:    [1880]   "Darwin's notes on 'Island Life'" and "Notes have been recorded in text."   Text   Image

should expect on the theory of evolution. In Ireland the two main causes of specific change—isolation and altered conditions—are each more powerful than in Britain. Whatever difficulty continental fishes may have in passing over to Britain, that difficulty will certainly be increased by the second sea passage to Ireland; and the latter country has been longer isolated, for the Irish Sea with its northern and southern channels is considerably deeper than the German Ocean and the eastern half of

F913.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1880. De la variation des animaux et des plantes à l'état domestique. Traduit sur la seconde édition anglaise par Ed. Barbier; préface de Carl Vogt. Paris: C. Reinwald et Cie. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

Beginmngs of Life, 1872, vol. II, p. 98) dit que l'hypothèse « semble, être un reste de l'antique philosophie plutôt qu'elle ne parait dé-conler de la doctrine de 1 évolution ». Il cherche, en outre, à prouver que je n'aurais pas dû mployer le terme Pangenèse dont le Dr Gros s'était servi précédemment en lui attribuant nn autre sens. Le Dr Lionel Beale (Sature, 11 mai 1871, p. 20) se moque de toute la, doctrine; ses remarques sont très-acerbes, et quelquefois assez justes. Le professeur Wi-gand

A3647    Periodical contribution:     Brunton, Thomas Lauder. 1880. Indigestion as a cause of nervous depression. The Practitioner: A Journal of Therapeutics and Public Health, 25 (Oct. and Nov.) [Copy not found, CCD29:549. Identified in F3701 ]   Text

rapid evolution of nervous energy in order to have exhilaration of the spirits, and depression of nervous energy is associated with melancholy. Now, the effect of bile-acids circulating in the blood, as shown by physiological experiments, is to depress the reflex function of the spinal cord, the functions of the brain also, producing drowsiness ending in coma, and also weakening the circulation by paralyzing the cardiac ganglia.[6] Such a combination of actions is just the one required by Mr

CUL-DAR229.80    Correspondence:   (Otago Institute) to Darwin Charles Robert  1880.10.01   (marking 21st anniversary of 'Origin')   Text   Image

comprehensive science may be said to owe its very existence to the fact that you made belief in Evolution possible by your theory of Natural Selection. We are glad to think that you have lived to see the almost universal acceptance of the great doctrine which it has been the work of your life to establish: it is hardly an exaggeration to say that every important Botanical or Zoological discovery of the last 21 years, particularly in the departments of Embryology and Palæontology, has tended to