A896    Beagle Library:     Wood, James. 1825. The elements of algebra: designed for the use of students in the University. 8th ed. Cambridge: Deighton and Son, and T. Stevenson; London: J. Mawman.   Text

Let a + b be the quantity to be raised to any power. If b be negative, or the quantity to be involved be a - b, wherever an odd power of b enters, the sign of the term must be negative (Art. 114.) Hence, (118.) Evolution, or the extraction of roots, is the method of determining a quantity which raised to a proposed power will produce a given quantity. (119.) Since the nth power of am is amn, the nth root of amn must be am; i. e. to extract any root of a single quantity, we must divide the

A896    Beagle Library:     Wood, James. 1825. The elements of algebra: designed for the use of students in the University. 8th ed. Cambridge: Deighton and Son, and T. Stevenson; London: J. Mawman.   Text

). (112.) COR. Hence it appears, that a quantity may be transferred from the numerator of a fraction to the denominator, and the contrary, by changing the sign of it's index. Thus, ON INVOLUTION AND EVOLUTION. (113.) If a quantity be continually multiplied by itself, it is said to be involved, or raised; and the power to which it is raised, is expressed by the number of times the quantity has been employed in the multiplication. D 2. [page] 5

A826    Beagle Library:     Scrope, George Julius Poulett. 1825. Considerations on volcanos: the probable causes of their phenomena, the laws which determine their march, the disposition of their products, and their connexion with the present state and past history of the globe. Leading to the establishment of a new theory of the earth. London: W. Phillips.   Text   PDF

moments, by the rise of fresh bubbles, or volumes of elastic fluids, which escape in a similar manner; and it is evidently this incessant evolution of aeriform substances in vast quantities, which preserves the lava invariably at so great an elevation, within the cone of Stromboli, and constitutes the permanent phenomena of its eruptions. In this instance there evidently exists within and below the cone of Stromboli, a mass of lava, of unknown dimensions, permanently liquid, at an intense

A735    Beagle Library:     Murray, John. 1826. Experimental researches on the light and luminous matter of the glow-worm, the luminosity of the sea, the phenomena of the chameleon, the ascent of the spider into the atmosphere, and the torpidity of the tortoise, &c. Glasgow: W. R. M'Phun.   Text

with a yellow light, accompanied by slight explosion. It is obvious, that all these exhibitions may be resolved into chemical changes, and that the change of volume either way does not influence the evolution of light. Generally, the accompaniment of light may be considered dependent on that chemical process we call combustion, as in the light from potassium heated in a medium of the vapour of iodine. In the combination of sulphur with copper, lead, potassium, sodium, c. or the alloys from

A735    Beagle Library:     Murray, John. 1826. Experimental researches on the light and luminous matter of the glow-worm, the luminosity of the sea, the phenomena of the chameleon, the ascent of the spider into the atmosphere, and the torpidity of the tortoise, &c. Glasgow: W. R. M'Phun.   Text

this, by some more recent experiments, would seem to be the consequence of silicious matter being present. When balls of oxygen are broken in vacuo, and the separated elements expand in the explosion of chloride and iodide of azote; and also when we expose nitrate of ammonia to a specific temperature, it is decomposed with the evolution of a beautifully coloured flame at the close, too, of the obtainment of nitrous oxyde from the nitrate of ammonia, when the temperature is raised above 500

A735    Beagle Library:     Murray, John. 1826. Experimental researches on the light and luminous matter of the glow-worm, the luminosity of the sea, the phenomena of the chameleon, the ascent of the spider into the atmosphere, and the torpidity of the tortoise, &c. Glasgow: W. R. M'Phun.   Text

, perhaps parasitic, luminous animalcul , the evolution of light being the effect of the slight [page] 7

A764    Beagle Library:     Daubeny, Charles. 1826. A description of active and extinct volcanos. London: W. Phillips.   Text

constant and essential ph nomenon of an active volcano, is the evolution of certain aeriform fluids, which, forcing themselves a passage through the incumbent strata, carry up with them whatever comes within the sphere of their violence, thus giving rise to ejections of stones, of ashes, and even of water. To determine the chemical nature of these gases, and to ascertain by an extensive induction of particulars, which of them are to be considered essential, and which as arising out 2 A 2 [page] 37

A764    Beagle Library:     Daubeny, Charles. 1826. A description of active and extinct volcanos. London: W. Phillips.   Text

which they appear to occur: in the first place, so long as air was present, an evolution of large volumes of muriatic, sulphurous, and nitrogen gases, together with aqueous vapour, would take place; at a later period, when the oxygen was expended, sulphuretted hydrogen and carbonic acid, with a smaller quantity of muriatic acid, would appear; lastly, when all the other effects had subsided, aqueous vapour and carbonic acid might continue to be evolved. If it be asked, how we can account for the

A764    Beagle Library:     Daubeny, Charles. 1826. A description of active and extinct volcanos. London: W. Phillips.   Text

volcano. It may be remarked, that in the cases alluded to, the basalt is always seen covered by a bed of scori or some other substance, which might have prevented the too sudden abstraction of heat. There is also this further distinction. In antient volcanic products no difference of compactness or texture exists between the upper and lower portions of a bed, such as would indicate a more sudden cooling or a greater evolution of elastic matter in the superficial portions, as is generally the

A761.09    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 9: Reptilia.   Text

The tadpole then is a young batracian, from the moment in which it issues from the egg, until, after various metamorphoses, it passes to the adult state, without preserving either its form, structure, or even its mode of living. When we examine the different periods of its evolution in the eggs of frogs, (which of all the eggs of reptiles have been the most carefully studied, as to the development of germs,) we find that during the three or four days which follow the fecundation, the tadpole