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ists, with the plasticity of youth, assimilated almost to a man, with the utmost avidity, the great truths thus showered down upon them by the preacher of evolution. Sir Joseph Hooker and Professor Huxley were among the first to give in their adhesion and stand up boldly for the new truth by the side of the reckless and disturbing innovator. In June 1859, nearly a year after the reading of the Darwin-Wallace papers at the Linnean Society, but five months previously to the publication of the
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the separate and divine creation of man; but ever and anon he returned anew to the biological Circe with a fresh fascination, as the moth returns to the beautiful flame that has scorched and singed it. In a well-known passage in the earlier editions of his 'Principles of Geology,' the father of uniformitarianism gives at length his own reasons for dissenting from the doctrine of evolution as then set forth; and even after Darwin's discovery had supplied him with a new clue, a vera causa, a
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words; it was the singular fate of the great prophet of evolution, alone almost among the sons of men, to hear his own name familiarly twisted during his own lifetime into a colloquial adjective, and to see [page] THE DARWINIAN REVOLUTION BEGINS 12
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thoroughly logical mind, a mind of the very highest order, would, have said even before. Darwin, 'Creation can have no possible place in the physical series of things at all. How organisms came to be I do not yet exactly see; but I am sure they must have come to be by some merely physical process, if we could only find it out.' And such minds were all actually evolutionary oven before Darwin had made the modus operandi of evolution intelligible. But most people are not so clearsighted. They
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supposed to be due to other causes from those implied in the remainder of the organic scale. Yet on the whole, biological science had fairly carried the day in favour of evolution, in one form or another, and not even the cavillers dared now to sug- [page] VICTORY AND REST 16
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concerned,' Professor Huxley said in conclusion, reviewing these additions to the evidence upon that memorable occasion,' evolution is no longer a speculation but a statement of historical fact.' Of Darwin himself he remarked truly, 'He has lived long enough to outlast detraction and opposition, and to see the stone that the builders rejected become the head-stone of the corner.' It was in 1881 that Darwin published his last volume, 'The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms
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geometrical ratio, he deduced from these elementary given factors the necessary corollary of survival of the fittest, with all its marvellous and far-reaching implications of adaptation to the environment and specific distinctions. By doing [page] DARWINISM AND EVOLUTION 18
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so, he rendered conceivable the mechanism of evolution in the organic world, thus bringing another great aspect of external nature within the range of the developmental as opposed to the miraculous philosophy of the cosmos. Psychology, once more, in the hands of Herbert Spencer and his followers, not wholly unaided by Darwin himself, has extended the self-same evolutionary treatment to the involved and elusive phenomena of mind, and has shown how from the simplest unorganised elements of
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explanation and definitive proof alone. But just as the evolutionary movement in astronomy and cosmical thought is rightly associated in all our minds with the mighty theories of Kant, Laplace, and Her- [page] DARWINISM AND EVOLUTION 18
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itself, to be then and there attained and proved, quite apart from the conception of its analytic value as a part in a great harmonious natural poem of the constitution of things. Though evolution appears to us now as a single grand continuous process, a phase of the universe dependent upon a preponderating aggregation of matter and dissipation of energy, yet to Kant and Laplace it was the astronomical aspect alone that proved attractive, to Darwin it was the biological aspect alone, and to many of
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abysses of time obedient to the nod of one single overruling Titanic intellect. 'If the doctrine of evolution, had not existed,' says Huxley, 'palaeontologists must have invented it.' But Charles Darwin acted, nevertheless, the part of an immense and powerful accelerating energy. The impetus which he gave gained us at least fifty years of progress; it sent ns at a hound from Copernicus to Newton; so far as ordinary minds were concerned, indeed, it transcended at a single leap the whole interval
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circumstances, be even yet the mere party-shibboleth of an esoteric few, struggling hard against the bare force of overwhelming numbers to ensure not only recognition but a fair hearing for the first principles of the development theory. It is to Darwin, and to Darwin almost alone, that we owe the present comparatively wide acceptance of the all-embracing doctrine of evolution. No other man did so much or could have done so much to ensure its triumph. He began early in life to collect and arrange a vast
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A501.1
Book:
Krause, Ernst. 1885. Charles Darwin und sein Verhältnis zu Deutschland. Leipzig: E. Günther.
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- 13 ) - gesellsehafteu ein wilikommener Gast sei, aber er spielte niemals aut meiu Buch au, uud weuii mir uicht Fräuleiu Cuvier gesagt hätte, „M, Mimme vOlllj, ,,.it Il.i.c, d.rlte ub™,, da Wallaces Ab , der „,,,„ „, ^„.„bt bew„„d,ra„gswMi,; i„. tch cbrieb äätss s^sr ssä-s ?ää\£ ^tstÄ* ,;:*d£ srÄ sii habe, doss die fortschreitende Entwicklung oder Evolution nicht voTl-standig durch natürlicho Auslese erklärt werden katu wiche h uns vielmehr Gluck zu Wallaces Fotgernng, dass eiu höchster Wille
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A501.1
Book:
Krause, Ernst. 1885. Charles Darwin und sein Verhältnis zu Deutschland. Leipzig: E. Günther.
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versucht worden ist, - das zeugt von einer Denkschwâche und einem geistigen Anachronismus, um den man niemanden beneiden kann. Diese Worte bezogen sich auf einen englischen Schriftsteller, Mr. Samuel Butler, der drei Monate nach dem ersten Erscheinen meines Aufsatzes ein Buch (Evolution Old and New, London 1879) veröffentlicht hatte, in welchem er unter andern schonen Dingen zu zeigen suchte, die Evolutions-Theorie des Grossvaters sei viel sinnreicher und der Wahrhett nâherkommend gewesenes die
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A501.1
Book:
Krause, Ernst. 1885. Charles Darwin und sein Verhältnis zu Deutschland. Leipzig: E. Günther.
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Intelligcnx dieEntwicklung des Menschcu nach einer bestimmten Richtung hiu und zu einem speziellen Zwecke geleitet hat, gradeso wie der Mensch die Entwicklung vieler Tier-und PflanzenformeM leitet. Die Gesetze der Evolution allein wurden vielleicht nie ein Getreidekora produciert haben, welches sich so wohl fur den Gebrauch des Menschen eignet, wie Weizeu und Mais, oder solche Fruchte, wie die keruloso Banane uud Brodfruch,, oder solche Tiere, wie die Guernsey-Milchkuh und das Loodoner Karrenpferd
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A501.1
Book:
Krause, Ernst. 1885. Charles Darwin und sein Verhältnis zu Deutschland. Leipzig: E. Günther.
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_ 211 - und auf den ,der aleein durch Naturauslese geleiteten Evolution' eingegangen. Kann Sir Wyville Thomson jemand nambaft machen, der gesagt hat, dass die Entwicklung der Arten nur von der natu. lichen Ausiese abhange? So weit es mich angeht, glaube ich, dass niemand so zahlreiche Beobachtungen ùber die Wirkungen des Gebrauchs und Niehtgebrauchs der Teile ans Licht gebracht bat, wie ich es in meinem Buche ùber das ,Variieren der Tiere und Pflanzen im Zustande der Domestikation' gethan habe
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their foundations, and the Origin of Species proved itself to be the fixed point which the general doctrine of evolution needed in order to move the world. Darwinism, in one form or another, sometimes strangely distorted and mutilated, became an everyday topic of men's speech, the object of an abundance both of vituperation and of praise, more often than of serious study. It is curious to remember now how largely at first the objectors predominated; but, considering the usual fate of new views, it
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A76
Book:
Cunningham, Joseph Thomas. 1886. Charles Darwin, naturalist. The Round Table series. Edinburgh: William Brown.
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would have had little effect on naturalists, and on men of average intelligence, who were nevertheless completely convinced by Darwin's theory of natural selection. So great and steadfast has been the allegiance of biologists in general to Darwin, that little attempt to criticise or develop his views was for a long time made by those who accepted the truth of organic evolution. Those who denied the modification of species altogether opposed Darwin energetically enough, but they fought against
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A76
Book:
Cunningham, Joseph Thomas. 1886. Charles Darwin, naturalist. The Round Table series. Edinburgh: William Brown.
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and were produced only after a long process of evolution of carbon compounds, which produced first not living albuminoids and then living protoplasm which, in the first period of its life, fed on the antecedent stages of its own evolution. But at present we cannot form any conception of the process by which the first living beings could be evolved. Organic compounds have been produced by synthesis, and it is possible that in the surroundings where life first began albuminoids may have been
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CUL-DAR134.3
Printed:
1886
'Charles Darwin' [Edinburgh, Brown (Round Table Series no 5)]: 32pp
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would have had little effect on naturalists, and on men of average intelligence, who were nevertheless completely convinced by Darwin's theory of natural selection. So great and steadfast has been the allegiance of biologists in general to Darwin, that little attempt to criticise or develop his views was for a long time made by those who accepted the truth of organic evolution. Those who denied the modification of species altogether opposed Darwin energetically enough, but they fought against
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