A761.17    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 17.   Text

The tadpole then is a young batracian, from the moment in which it issues from the egg, until, after various metamorphoses, it passes to the adult state, without preserving either its form, structure, or even its mode of living. When we examine the different periods of its evolution in the eggs of frogs, (which of all the eggs of reptiles have been the most carefully studied, as to the development of germs,) we find that during the three or four days which follow the fecundation, the tadpole

A829    Beagle Library:     Thompson, John Vaughan. 1828. Zoological researches and illustrations: or, natural history of nondescript or imperfectly known animals, in a series of memoirs. Volume 1, Pt 1. Cork: King and Ridings.   Text

rapidity with which one brood succeeds to another during the whole of the spring and summer months: the number of broods produced by one individual, as well as the time occupied in their evolution, have not been determined, but the changes which the embryo undergoes in configuration are sufficiently obvious; in the present instance, these cannot be considered as metamorphoses, but simply a gradual developement of parts, hence the Shizopoda may be regarded as one exception to the Crustacea

A829    Beagle Library:     Thompson, John Vaughan. 1828. Zoological researches and illustrations: or, natural history of nondescript or imperfectly known animals, in a series of memoirs. Volume 1, Pt 1. Cork: King and Ridings.   Text

, went through their several stages of evolution, and finally attained to near their full growth. The Artemis Salinus or Brine Shrimp, is a very small and delicate animal, when full grown about half an inch in length, of considerable transparency, slightly tinged with yellow, and with a highly polished surface; nature having constructed them with members solely adapted to swimming, they seem to be in perpetual pursuit of prey, gliding with an almost even motion through the water, and moving with

A919.3    Beagle Library:     Richardson, John. 1829-1836. Fauna Boreali-Americana. 3 vols. London: John Murray. Volume 3.   Text

the deepest and saltest water of the estuary. The following observations on the spawning of the salmon, and subsequent evolution of the young fry, in one of the tributary streams of the Tweed, are recorded by Dr. Knox in the paper we have already cited. In November the river Whitadder, which has its source in a mountainous country nine hundred feet above the level of the sea, abounded in all the different kinds of salmon usually taken in the Tweed, with which this stream communicates at a short

A505.1    Beagle Library:     Lyell, Charles. 1830. Principles of geology, being an attempt to explain the former changes of the earth's surface, by reference to causes now in operation. 3 vols. London: John Murray. vol. 1.   Text

convulsions, and that fissures have opened from which hot vapours, thermal springs, and at some points red hot liquid lavas have issued to the surface. This evolution of heat often continues for ages after the extinction of volcanos and after the cessation of earthquakes, as in Central France, for example, and it seems perfectly natural, that each part of the earth's crust should, as M. Fourier states to be the fact, present the appearance of a heated body slowly cooling down. This may be owing chiefly

A505.1    Beagle Library:     Lyell, Charles. 1830. Principles of geology, being an attempt to explain the former changes of the earth's surface, by reference to causes now in operation. 3 vols. London: John Murray. vol. 1.   Text

the sun's disk, and a haziness in the air, often continued for months; an evolution of electric matter, or of inflammable gas from the soil, with sulphureous and mephitic vapours; noises underground, like the running of carriages, or the discharge of artillery, or distant thunder; animals utter cries of distress, and evince extraordinary alarm, being more sensitive than men of the slightest movement; a sensation like sea-sickness, and a dizziness in the head, are experienced: these, and other

A505.2    Beagle Library:     Lyell, Charles. 1830. Principles of geology, being an attempt to explain the former changes of the earth's surface, by reference to causes now in operation. 3 vols. London: John Murray. vol. 2.   Text

belief prevalent amongst the older naturalists, that the primeval ocean invested the whole planet long after it became the habitation of living beings, and thus he was inclined to assert the priority of the types of marine animals to those of the terrestrial, and to fancy, for example, that the testacea of the ocean existed first, until some of them, by gradual evolution, were improved into those inhabiting the land. These speculative views had already been, in a great degree, anticipated by

A505.2    Beagle Library:     Lyell, Charles. 1830. Principles of geology, being an attempt to explain the former changes of the earth's surface, by reference to causes now in operation. 3 vols. London: John Murray. vol. 2.   Text

calcareous matter in their stems, to abound near springs impregnated with carbonate of lime. We know that if the common hen be deprived altogether of calcareous nutriment, the shells of her eggs will become of too slight a consistency to protect the contents, and some birds eat chalk greedily during the breeding season. If on the other hand we turn to the phenomena of inorganic nature, we observe that, in volcanic countries, there is an enormous evolution of carbonic acid, mixed with water or

F1840    Book:     Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 2000. Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

tree finch C. crassirostris. 3 The four birds called Gross-beaks by CD were Geospiza magnirostris, of which Gould's G. strenua is a subspecies. CD claimed that the specimens with the largest beaks came from Chatham and Charles Islands, but G. magnirostris has not been found since on those two islands, where either the form has since become extinct, or evolution of beak size has taken place in the manner described by Peter Grant in his book Ecology and Evolution of Darwin's Finches (Princeton

F1840    Book:     Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 2000. Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

crucial stage in the evolution of higher animals was reached in the cnidarians some 550 Ma ago (see Bertil Hille (1992) Evolution and diversity. Chapter 20 in Ionic channels of excitable membranes. 2nd edition. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.) It has also been pointed out recently by Richard Keynes Fredrik Elinder (1999) The screw-helical voltage gating of ion channels. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 266:843-852 that across the whole of the animal kingdom, voltage-gated ion channels of every