Darwin Online

Show results per page.
Search Help New search
Sort by
Results 1541-1560 of 3313 for « +text:evolution »
    Page 78 of 166. Go to page:     NEXT
34%
A316    Pamphlet:     Parkyn, Ernest Albert. 1894. Darwin his work and influence a lecture delivered in the hall of Christ's College Cambridge. London: Methuen.   Text   Image   PDF
CHARLES DARWIN I. AT the present day Evolution is a word constantly used, and presumably conveys some meaning to those who use it and to those who hear it. The exact meaning of the word is perhaps not always very clear to the user or to the hearer. The reason for its widespread use, however, is not difficult to find. It is chiefly due to the labours and imagination of one man—Charles Darwin. Not that the idea usually associated with Evolution—viz., a gradual development, was unknown before
30%
A316    Pamphlet:     Parkyn, Ernest Albert. 1894. Darwin his work and influence a lecture delivered in the hall of Christ's College Cambridge. London: Methuen.   Text   Image   PDF
in the gradual evolution of the animal world. He moreover suggested the influences which might cause such modifications of structure as to enable us to understand how changes great enough to make such development possible had occurred. Lamarck's explanation was no doubt a very incomplete one, and was largely discounted by the paucity and poverty of the facts and experiments he brought forward to support it. Nevertheless, his celebrated work—LaPhilosophie Zoologique—in which his views were
30%
A316    Pamphlet:     Parkyn, Ernest Albert. 1894. Darwin his work and influence a lecture delivered in the hall of Christ's College Cambridge. London: Methuen.   Text   Image   PDF
originated ? What is the origin of species ? It is in the nature of their answers to this question that the difference in value of the work of the two men in solving the problem of Evolution lies. Lamarck attributed the changes necessary for the transmutation of species chiefly to two influences—viz. (i) The Environment, i.e. the totality of surrounding external circumstances ; (2) and the effects of Use and Disuse of parts. The changes produced by the environment and use and disuse of parts being
30%
A316    Pamphlet:     Parkyn, Ernest Albert. 1894. Darwin his work and influence a lecture delivered in the hall of Christ's College Cambridge. London: Methuen.   Text   Image   PDF
. 3. The Evolution of Civilised Races in the Scale of Humanity is the last rung in the ladder of development. Social Evolution, which has been so fully dealt with by Mr Herbert Spencer, was but lightly touched on by Darwin. But just as the Descent of Man was a necessary corollary of the Origin of Species, so evidently was Darwin convinced that the gradual upward development and improvement of mankind was a corollary of the animal origin of man. Just as the development of the individual organism
30%
A316    Pamphlet:     Parkyn, Ernest Albert. 1894. Darwin his work and influence a lecture delivered in the hall of Christ's College Cambridge. London: Methuen.   Text   Image   PDF
struggle and consequent selection is now between aggregates of individuals instead of between the individuals themselves. Social Evolution, then, like the evolution of the individual, is a process of adaptation to the environment. The more harmonious this correspondence the more advanced the evolution, in the sense I have already explained, of greater differentiation and greater division of labour. The ideal may be said to be reached when the adjustment between the social organism and its environment
28%
A316    Pamphlet:     Parkyn, Ernest Albert. 1894. Darwin his work and influence a lecture delivered in the hall of Christ's College Cambridge. London: Methuen.   Text   Image   PDF
realisation of this—of the interdependence and the perpetual action and interaction of them one upon another—-that we must look for a solution of the difficulties which apparently beset the complex question of Social Evolution. If such, an optimistic view, then, is tenable, it assuredly opens up a vista which should have an inspiring and hope-giving effect on mankind. However disappointing or retarded social progress may at times appear to be, yet we may always rest assured that the main
24%
A316    Pamphlet:     Parkyn, Ernest Albert. 1894. Darwin his work and influence a lecture delivered in the hall of Christ's College Cambridge. London: Methuen.   Text   Image   PDF
importance of that work, and its relation to Darwin's subsequent labours; (3) The connection between Darwinism and Evolution in a wide sense. That so large a subject should be dealt with in a space so small may be justified on the ground that a further important object I had in view was to arouse in the minds of my hearers interest, thought, and further inquiry. E. A. P. London, January 1894. [page 6
24%
A316    Pamphlet:     Parkyn, Ernest Albert. 1894. Darwin his work and influence a lecture delivered in the hall of Christ's College Cambridge. London: Methuen.   Text   Image   PDF
Fittest must apply, as has been ably and interestingly worked out by the late Mr Bagehot in Nation-making. Social Evolution, then, like the evolution of the individual necessarily involves adaptation to the environment. So long as that adaptation is imperfect, Natural Selection and Survival of the Fittest will come into play, and must ultimately lead to an advance, an upward development. This is on the assumption, of course, that the environment undergoes no such radical cosmic change as to be
17%
A316    Pamphlet:     Parkyn, Ernest Albert. 1894. Darwin his work and influence a lecture delivered in the hall of Christ's College Cambridge. London: Methuen.   Text   Image   PDF
was on his contemporaries, and lastly its influence and bearing on the greatest of all questions, the Evolution of Mankind. Charles Darwin was born in 1809 at Shrewsbury. His father was a son of Erasmus Darwin, who gained considerable repute by his poems and scientific speculations. His mother was the daughter of Josiah Wedgwood, the well-known Staffordshire potter. Those who are interested in heredity may see reason for not being surprised at the appearance of exceptional gifts in one
17%
A316    Pamphlet:     Parkyn, Ernest Albert. 1894. Darwin his work and influence a lecture delivered in the hall of Christ's College Cambridge. London: Methuen.   Text   Image   PDF
enthusiasm he maintained up to the time when I can remember him as a very old man teaching his class in London. Referring to Grant, Darwin says: He, one day, when we were walking together, burst forth in high admiration of Lamarck and his views on Evolution. I listened in silent astonishment, and, as far as I can judge, without any effect on my mind. I had previously read the Zoonomia of my grandfather, in which similar views are maintained, and without producing any effect on me. But he is careful to
17%
A316    Pamphlet:     Parkyn, Ernest Albert. 1894. Darwin his work and influence a lecture delivered in the hall of Christ's College Cambridge. London: Methuen.   Text   Image   PDF
in South America, I am tempted to carry parts to a greater extent even than he does. The influence of Lyell on Darwin personally, and as an unconscious and even unwilling forerunner in the spread of the doctrine of Evolution, can hardly be [page] CORAL REEFS. 1
17%
A316    Pamphlet:     Parkyn, Ernest Albert. 1894. Darwin his work and influence a lecture delivered in the hall of Christ's College Cambridge. London: Methuen.   Text   Image   PDF
the theory of Natural Selection, as the very basis on which it rests would be undermined. The ultimate result of Natural Selection will be, that by preserving and accumulating beneficial variations each creature tends to become more and more improved in relation to its conditions. This improvement leads to the gradual advancement of the organisation of the greater number of living beings throughout the world—or in other words, to the gradual process of Evolution. From the foregoing it will be
17%
A316    Pamphlet:     Parkyn, Ernest Albert. 1894. Darwin his work and influence a lecture delivered in the hall of Christ's College Cambridge. London: Methuen.   Text   Image   PDF
Darwin with Lamarck, and also in opening up a very important phase of Evolution. I refer to the influence of Environment. I referred just now to the importance attributed to the Environment on Animal development by Lamarck, so much, so that it is not unfre- [page] 28 CHARLES DARWIN
17%
A316    Pamphlet:     Parkyn, Ernest Albert. 1894. Darwin his work and influence a lecture delivered in the hall of Christ's College Cambridge. London: Methuen.   Text   Image   PDF
quently spoken of as one of the Lamarckian factors of Evolution. From his observations on Animals and Plants under domestication, Darwin formed the opinion that even very slight changes in the conditions of life (that is to say, slight alterations in the Environment) are often sufficient to cause Variation : of these excess of nutriment is perhaps the most exciting cause. He also concluded that the influence of Environment accumulates, so that variation may appear only two or three generations
17%
A316    Pamphlet:     Parkyn, Ernest Albert. 1894. Darwin his work and influence a lecture delivered in the hall of Christ's College Cambridge. London: Methuen.   Text   Image   PDF
outcome of a general mental development, is in fact only a phase of the much larger question of the mental differences between animals and man, then, on the evolution of the mental superiority of man being satisfactorily explained, the difficulty of language will at the same time be disposed of. This, in one sense, may be said to be a question which does not concern the mental altitude of civilised human beings. It is a question of explaining the mental differences between the highest animals
17%
A316    Pamphlet:     Parkyn, Ernest Albert. 1894. Darwin his work and influence a lecture delivered in the hall of Christ's College Cambridge. London: Methuen.   Text   Image   PDF
to ten ? Assuredly we can interpret all these facts in no other way than by concluding that in all these so-called higher mental attributes, the differences between Man and Animals is one of degree and not one of kind. Now, the mental aspect of the subject was by no means overlooked, undervalued, or undealt with by Darwin. On the contrary, his contribution to the psychological side of Evolution was undoubtedly of great value. In him we see a mind of great natural power, stocked with
17%
A316    Pamphlet:     Parkyn, Ernest Albert. 1894. Darwin his work and influence a lecture delivered in the hall of Christ's College Cambridge. London: Methuen.   Text   Image   PDF
his enemies, offers up bloody sacrifices, practises infanticide without remorse, treats his wives like slaves, knows no decency, and is haunted by the grossest superstition. Man may be excused for feeling some pride at having risen, though not through his own exertions, to the very summit of the organic [page] EVOLUTION OF HUMAN RACES. 3
24%
A238    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1895. Natural selection and tropical nature: Essays on descriptive and theoretical biology. London: Macmillan.   Text   Image
this subject, I would again respectfully urge that they must grapple with the whole of the facts, not one or two of them only. It will be admitted that, on the theory of evolution and natural selection, a wide range of facts with regard to colour in nature have been co-ordinated and explained. Until at least an equally wide range of facts can be shown to be in harmony with any other theory, we can hardly be expected to abandon that which has already done such good service, and which has led to
17%
A238    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1895. Natural selection and tropical nature: Essays on descriptive and theoretical biology. London: Macmillan.   Text   Image
series of changes which it has undergone, and consequently, that to endeavour to explain and account for its present condition without any reference to those changes (as has frequently been done) must lead to very imperfect and erroneous conclusions. The facts proved by geology are briefly these: That 1 This article, written at Sarawak in February 1855 and published in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, September 1855, was intended to show that some form of evolution of one species from
17%
A238    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1895. Natural selection and tropical nature: Essays on descriptive and theoretical biology. London: Macmillan.   Text   Image
similar prejudice prevails, even among geologists, against all evidence which carries man one little step farther back into pre-Glacial or Pliocene times, although if there is any truth whatever in the doctrine of evolution as applied to man, and if we are not to adopt the exploded idea that the Pal olithic men were specially created just when the flood of ice was passing away, they must have had ancestors who must have existed in the Pliocene period, if not earlier. Is it then so improbable
    Page 78 of 166. Go to page:     NEXT