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CUL-DAR112.A77
Correspondence:
Leidy Joseph to Darwin [Francis]
1902.10.03
Leidy Joseph to Darwin [Francis]
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Leidy, Joseph to [Francis Darwin?]. 3.10.1902. CUL-DAR112.A77 [77] [Printed letterhead] Dr Joseph Leidy, 1319 Locust Street, Philadelphia My dear Sir I find among the correspondence of the late Prof. Joseph Leidy a letter from your father Charles Darwin, thanking Prof Leidy for certain papers sent him and also expressing gratification ab. his (Leidys) acceptance of his views on Evolution. You may know that Prof Gray of Harvard and Prof Leidy were among the very first in America to accept this
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Hird, Dennis. 1903. An easy outline of evolution. London, Watts Co. [page iii] AN EASY OUTLINE OF EVOLUTION [page iv
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CHAPTER VIII. NATURAL SELECTION . . . . . . 123 CHAPTER IX. DIFFICULTIES OF THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION . . . . . . 143 CHAPTER X. FACTS WHICH ONLY EVOLUTION CAN EXPLAIN . . . . . . 167 CHAPTER XI. THE EVOLUTION OF THE WORLD . . . . . . 180 CHAPTER XII. HOW IS ORGANIC EVOLUTION CAUSED? . . . . . . 196 CHAPTER XIII. LIFE AND HOPE . . . . . . 210 [page vii
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F1548.1
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 1
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CONTENTS OF VOLUME I. Outline of Charles Darwin's Life, etc...xvii. CHAPTER I An Autobiographical Fragment, and Early Letters, 1809-1842...1 CHAPTER II Evolution, 1844-1858...37 CHAPTER III Evolution, 1859-1863...118 CHAPTER IV Evolution, 1864-1869...245 CHAPTER V Evolution, 1870-1882...319 CHAPTER VI Geographical Distribution, 1843-1867...400 [page xiv
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. Evolution shows how things have become what they are, and how they are being changed. Evolution is sometimes called Darwinism, because Charles Darwin did so much to explain the process; but the word Evolution is used in a wider sense in this book. We know now that stars and suns are made up of the same substances as our earth, and Evolution includes the history of every form of matter and force in the universe, as far as they are known. [page]
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The following is a bare outline of the most important factors of Evolution: 1. Pressure of environment. The factors of Lamarck. 2. Use and disuse of organs. 3. Natural selection. The discovery of Darwin. 4. Sexual selection. 5. Physiological selection. (Romanes and Gulick; not yet universally recognised.) This means selection of those varieties the individuals of which are fertile among them selves, but sterile or less fertile with other varieties and the parent stock. 6. In human evolution a
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slightly altered forms, 8 Descent of Man, 31 Dr., 197 De Maillet, 197 Difficulties of Evolution, 143 and following Huxley on, 144 Dipnoi, 24 Dolbear, Professor, 224 Downing, on peaches, 128 Dubois, Dr. Eugene, 82 Duck-mole, 27, 28 EGGS, hatching, 35 Elephant, 115 Embryology, 41 of foal, 16 Eozo n Canadense, 143 Evolution, difficulties of, 143 and following astronomical causes of, 200 geological causes of, 201 Huxley on, 144 meteorological causes of, 202 organic, how caused, 196 Eye, evolution of, 151
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a point which some people magnify into a difficulty against Evolution. When it is found that an organism has lived for millions of years, without showing any modification of change, some ask: What has become of Evolution? Now, it cannot be re-iterated too often that the doctrine of Evolution nowhere claims that all species are constantly evolving. In order to produce Evolution, there must be the force of favourable conditions acting on the favourable structure of an organism. Far from being
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to a sufficiently advanced stage. Still, the teaching of Evolution has done more to clear up the mysteries of life than has any previous view of the origin of things. And it is a striking fact that every new discovery in regard to plants and animals helps to show that the theory of Evolution is the true and natural account of the world and all its inhabitants. When we try to give a popular statement of Evolution, we are met by two difficulties first, the overwhelming number of facts which go to
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functional adaptation to conditions? Why do use and disuse generate appropriate changes sf structure? Neither this nor any other interpretation of biologic evolution, which rests simply on the basis of biologic induction, is an ultimate interpretation. Biologic induction must itself be interpreted. Only when the process of evolution of organisms is affiliated to the process of evolution in general can it be truly said to be explained. The thing required is to show that its various results are
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opponent says that he cannot believe that man came from monkeys, or that man came from clods, he but tells us that he has neither grasped the principles of Evolution nor once realised that millions of ever-changing influences have been at work on millions of plastic forms through a period of time of practically infinite duration. Here, however, reason may rest. Whatever are the difficulties in the way of accepting Evolution, the absence of sufficient forces and of efficient causes is not one
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AN EASY OUTLINE OF EVOLUTION BY DENNIS HIRD,M.A. (Principal of Ruskin College, Oxford; Author of Toddle Island, In Search of a Religion, etc.) [ISSUED FOR THE RATIONALISST PRESS ASSOCIATION, LIMITED] WATTS Co., 17 JOHNSON'S COURT, FLEET STREET, LONDON, E.C. 1903 [page v
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seriously told that Evolution is not true because man has two nerves on the side of his head, which are not found in monkeys! Such objectors say that they would believe in the doctrine of modification by descent if man were exactly the same as the apes. In other words, they would believe in Evolution where there had been no Evolution. In looking at the whole kingdom of animals, we divide them into large groups, in which every division of the group possesses some common character or characters as the
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CHAPTER IX. DIFFICULTIES OF THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION No one supposes that the theory of Evolution has cleared up every point with regard to the wonderful varieties of living things. The theory as presented by Darwin is new, and a vast part of nature is yet unexplored. There are many objections to the theory which are not difficulties. These are merely created by ignorance or prejudice. Those who find a difficulty in the theory because men have not tails, or because a substance found in the
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correspondence with external co-existences and sequences. Or, more briefly: Life is the continuous adjustment of internal relations to external relations i.e., life is a correspondence between the internal and the external, and the degree of life varies as the degree of correspondence ( 25 30). Now, as we have already considered sufficiently the chief arguments in favour of Evolution, we can trace the leading facts of organic evolution from the same first principles to which Evolution at large conforms. Many
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(at the end of Principles of Biology, vol. i.). I conceive that the moulding of such organic matter into the simplest types must have commenced with portions of protoplasm more minute, more indefinite, and more inconstant in their characters than the lowest rhizopods less distinguishable from a mere fragment of albumen than even the protogenes of Professor Haeckel. The evolution of specific shapes must, like all other organic evolution, have resulted from the actions and reactions between such
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CHAPTER XIII LIFE AND HOPE MANKIND is rightly afraid of being bereft of hope. The unavoidable miseries of life are so terrible that men have sought out many inventions in order to deaden the anguish of sorrow, or to paint a mask on the grim features of coming doom. And not unnaturally some ask How does the doctrine of Evolution help us? Is life darker or brighter for its teaching? We must carefully consider our answer. It is agreed that the teachings of Evolution deal with subjects of the
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THE following books should be asked for in all free libraries, if the student cannot purchase them: s. d. EDWARD CLODD'S Story of Primitive Man ... 0 1 0 EDWARD CLODD'S Pioneers of Evolution... ... 0 0 6 EDWARD CLODD'S Childhood of the World ... 0 5 0 GRANT ALLEN'S Story of Plants... ... ... 0 1 0 The Story of Birds... ... ... ... ... 0 1 0 HERBERT SPENCER'S First Principles... ... 0 16 0 HERBERT SPENCER'S Principles of Biology (2 vols.) 1 14 0 DARWIN'S Origin of Species... ... ... 0 1 0
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take place, at the same rate, in all the different types of animal or vegetable life. The facts, as I have placed them before you, obviously directly contradict any form of the hypothesis of Evolution which stands in need of these two postulates. But one great service that has been rendered by Mr. Darwin to the doctrine of Evolution in general is this: he has shown that there are two chief factors in the process of evolution one of them is the tendency to vary, the existence of which in all
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Evolution means, often make a great mistake here. Yet Darwin and Spencer, among others, have clearly pointed out that Evolution means no such thing as a universal and continuous change of all beings into something better. Dealing with this very point, in The Origin of Species, Darwin says: By this fundamental test of victory in the battle for life, as well as by the standard of the specialisation of organs, modern forms ought, on the theory of natural selection, to stand higher than ancient forms. Is
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