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F1548.1
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 1
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attained to a clear idea of Natural Selection, and therefore his views may not have had, even to himself, the irresistible convincing power they afterwards gained; but that he was, in the ordinary sense of the word, convinced of the truth of the doctrine of evolution we cannot doubt. He thought it almost useless to try to prove the truth of evolution until the cause of change was discovered. And it is natural that in later life he should have felt that conviction was wanting till that cause was
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impossible. Why, they would fill all the shops in this street. But where are they? I ask. I want to see them. Where can I find them? Several of them you will not find, sir. There are none of them left. But why did you destroy them? Oh, it was not done that way, sir. When the improved one came out, nobody would have the old ones, so they disappeared, and were not only superseded, but forgotten. We call it the survival of the fittest. Now, here you have a sketch of Evolution. Mark, it has only taken
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earliest powers which must have marked any living thing. Next to sustaining itself, the power to reproduce itself is absolutely necessary, or the race would die out. If Evolution has taken place, here we ought to find some striking facts. We know that at first there was no such thing as sex. The lowest organisms multiply by dividing in half, or by budding, and thus form new creatures of their kind. If we might write quite plainly, the history and explanation of reproduction would of itself supply
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apparent respect from the ovules from which other animals grow. The embryo itself at a very early period cannot be distinguished from that of other members of the vertebrate kingdom (See Fig.7). Very wonderful is the evidence in favour of Evolution furnished by the development of man from the very beginning of his life before birth. Speaking broadly, man in his development goes through a series of changes that are the same, at different stages, as the fixed forms of the lower animals when they
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not stand alone, but fitted into a group, as other animals formed groups. In this he did more completely what Goethe and Linn us had vaguely suggested or partially accomplished. Then followed an army of men who by toil and thought led mankind into the light. In 1859 Darwin laid bare great laws of life in his Origin of Species, and Huxley and Gegenbaur (1864) applied the evolution theory to comparative anatomy, and by this means proved that man is a vertebrate animal in every respect. But
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, p. 24). We must patiently smile at such objections, just as we do when some lady of seventeen summers seriously informs us that she has never seen any gill slits in her neck, though she has often looked for them! Still more hopeless is it when the objector creates an impossible theory of his own, and then begins to smash it up, under the fond delusion that he is answering the difficulties of Evolution. Scarcely less humorous is the position of those who cannot accept the teachings of science
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intelligent animal. By slow degrees, by many attempts, by making many and small improvements, such mechanical wonders have become the servants of man. Probably we could no more show all the steps in the evolution of such a machine than we can produce all the steps in the evolution of man from the lowest vertebrate animal. In such cases we should fix our attention on the steps. To ask a man to jump from the ground to a third story window seems absurd enough, yet by a little contrivance called a ladder
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This has long since been demonstrated to be a false account of the matter; but how few men, in the most civilised countries, habitually think of the facts as they are? In face of this fact, one dimly realises that thousands of generations may have to pass away before the average man will think correctly of the other and more complicated relationships between himself and the universe. Even to men who recognise that Evolution affords the only reasonable explanation of facts as we see them, there
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see the length and breadth of the unifying doctrine of Evolution. And by degrees the world will be clothed in new grandeur, and human life will show the possibilities of new beauty and a higher achievement. To fully grasp the teaching of Evolution is to pass from a condition of helpless isolation to one of universal brotherhood with the universe. Man is no longer to be treated as a solitary, maimed lodger in a world of dust and ashes. But by learning the laws of the universe, and by knowing
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F1548.1
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 1
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would republish it [i.e. the lecture]? Letter 282. TO T.H. HUXLEY. [In 1877 the honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred on Mr. Darwin by the University of Cambridge. At the dinner given on the occasion by the Philosophical Society, Mr. Huxley responded to the toast of the evening with the speech of which an authorised version is given by Mr. L. Huxley in the Life and Letters of his father (Volume I., page 479). Mr. Huxley said, But whether that doctrine [of evolution] be true or whether it be false
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F1548.1
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 1
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expression of extreme variation, nor on that of evolution being guided only by Natural Selection. Can Sir Wyville Thomson name any one who has said that the evolution of species depends only on Natural Selection? As far as concerns myself, I believe that no one has brought forward so many observations on the effects of the use and disuse of parts, as I have done in my Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication; and these observations were made for this special object. I have likewise
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F1548.2
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2
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, received yesterday, and for the present of your work, which no doubt I shall soon receive from Dr. Hooker.2 The sudden appearance of so many Dicotyledons in the Upper Chalk3 appears to me a most perplexing phenomenon to all who believe in any form of evolution, especially to those who believe in extremely gradual evolution, to which view I know that you are strongly opposed. The presence of even one true Angiosperm in the Lower Chalk4 makes me 1. Oswald Heer (1809-83) was born at Niederutzwyl
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cosmic process of evolution (The Riddle of the Universe, pp. 247 249). [page] 19
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, 65, 66 Smell, 39 Solenhofen, 26 Somerville, 109 Space and time, 182 Spencer, on environment, 101, 102 Spontaneous generation, 216, 217 Stonesfield, 26 Struggle for life, 111 and following Substance, Haeckel's law of, 192 Sunlight, the source of various forces, 189 Supra condyloid foramen, 40 Survival of fittest, 125 Swimbladder, 157 TADPOLE, 24 Thomson, Professor, 228 Time, needed for Evolution, 211 and space, 182 UNIVERSE, origin of, 180 VARIATIONS in plants and animals, 99 causes of, 101
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F1548.1
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 1
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of species. Thus he wrote: With respect to books on this subject, I do not know any systematical ones, except Lamarck's, which is veritable rubbish; but there are plenty, as Lyell, Pritchard, etc., on the view of the immutability. By Pritchard is no doubt intended James Cowles Prichard, author of the Physical History of Mankind.1 Prof. Poulton has given in his paper, A remarkable Anticipation of Modern Views on Evolution, 2 an interesting study of Prichard's work. He shows that Prichard was in
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F1548.2
Book:
Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2
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too completely your own and my child. The reference is to Mr. Wallace's review, in the April number of the Quarterly, of Lyell's Principles of Geology (tenth edition), and of the sixth edition of the Elements of Geology. Mr. Wallace points out that here for the first time Sir C. Lyell gave up his opposition to evolution; and this leads Mr. Wallace to give a short account of the views set forth in the Origin of Species. In this article Mr. Wallace makes a definite statement as to his views on
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These remains are from the Coryphodon bed or lower Eocene of New Mexico. This bed is below that in which the Orohippus occurs. The oldest ancestor of the horse, as yet undiscovered, undoubtedly had five toes on each foot, and probably was not larger than a rabbit, perhaps much smaller (American Journal of Science, November, 1876, and April, 1892). These discoveries of the many stages of the horse are of the highest value to science. They answer every expectation of the doctrine of Evolution
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CHAPTER II. MAN AND THE REST OF THE ANIMAL FAMILY You may have stood under the steep side of a mountain and felt that no human being could ever climb it, but on wandering perhaps miles away you came to a path which by a gradual slope led you to the top of this very mountain. So it is with the evolution of man. If you begin with your Carlyles, Ruskins, Gladstones, Darwins, Spencers, then man seems to stand forth in solitary mountain glory far above all animals. But there is another way of
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the whole list of points in this description. I do this because some uneducated people, who have just heard of Evolution, talk loudly of the missing link. During the last forty years this phrase has been the shield of much ignorance, and I cannot but think it has been greatly exaggerated sometimes by really scientific men. We have seen (p. 19) that, at the beginning of the vertebrate series, there were links enough to join the vertebrates to the invertebrates. No fewer than three classes of
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, demonstrated exactly the same formation on a human prehistoric skull received by him from Santos, in Brazil. Poor Virchow, like all men who, through prejudice, oppose the truth, had shifted and shifted in vain! I give these facts because he is by far the greatest scientist who opposed Evolution, and because he showed so clearly the methods to which these opponents are all reduced. Haeckel continues: It is established that the oldest mammalia 'were small insectivorous mammals with a very primitive
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