A331    Book:     Poulton, Edward Bagnall. 1909. Charles Darwin and the Origin of species: addresses, etc., in America and England in the year of the two anniversaries. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.   Text   Image

single variations.1 It is with great reluctance that I have protested against the unduly important position which, as I believe, is assigned to de Vries's work and conclusions in the history of evolution. The Darwinian of the present day holds an intermediate position between the followers of Buffon and Lamarck, and the Mutationists, with whom the Mendelians are somewhat unnecessarily allied. The disciple of the two first-named naturalists, in these days calling himself an oecologist

A331    Book:     Poulton, Edward Bagnall. 1909. Charles Darwin and the Origin of species: addresses, etc., in America and England in the year of the two anniversaries. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.   Text   Image

His teachings have led to the general, but not the universal, abandonment of the Lamarckian element in evolution as Darwin conceived of it. They receive support from the numerous Mendelian and Mutationist researches which lead to the conviction that variation is essentially of germinal Origin. Weismann's conceptions of evolution are as much affected by the facts of adaptation as were those of Darwin himself, and he is equally convinced that the onward progress of evolution has been by small

A331    Book:     Poulton, Edward Bagnall. 1909. Charles Darwin and the Origin of species: addresses, etc., in America and England in the year of the two anniversaries. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.   Text   Image

horticultural literature must convince anyone, that it is by selection of mutations, often very small, that the gardener improves his varieties. Evolution takes place through the action of selection on these mutations' (p. 74). As the Mutationist comes to study the details of adaptation, and as further fossil records preserved under peculiarly favourable conditions are  1 Essays on Evolution, xxxviii, xxxix. 2 Mendelism. [page] 280 APPENDIX

A162    Book:     Seward, A. C. ed. 1909. Darwin and modern science. Essays in commemoration of the centenary of the birth of Charles Darwin and of the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of The origin of species. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

XXI MENTAL FACTORS IN EVOLUTION BY C. LLOYD MORGAN, LL.D., F.R.S. IN developing his conception of organic evolution Charles Darwin was of necessity brought into contact with some of the problems of mental evolution. In The Origin of Species he devoted a chapter to the diversities of instinct and of the other mental faculties in animals of the same class1. When he passed to the detailed consideration of The Descent of Man, it was part of his object to show that there is no fundamental

A162    Book:     Seward, A. C. ed. 1909. Darwin and modern science. Essays in commemoration of the centenary of the birth of Charles Darwin and of the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of The origin of species. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

his theory of knowledge and morals on the experience of the single individual. He sympathised with the theory of the original likeness of all individuals and derived their differences, on which he practically and theoretically laid much stress, from the influence both of experience and education, and, generally, of physical and social causes. He admitted an individual evolution, and, in the human species, an evolution based on social progress; but no physiological evolution of species. He was

A162    Book:     Seward, A. C. ed. 1909. Darwin and modern science. Essays in commemoration of the centenary of the birth of Charles Darwin and of the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of The origin of species. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

could go on—a condition comparable with that in the mind of the poet when one image follows another with imperceptible changes. Goethe's ideas of evolution, as expressed in his Metamorphosen der Pflanzen und der Thiere, belong to this category; it is, therefore, incorrect to call him a forerunner of Darwin. Schelling and Hegel held the same idea; Hegel expressly rejected the conception of a real evolution in time as coarse and materialistic. Nature, he says, is to be considered as a system of

A331    Book:     Poulton, Edward Bagnall. 1909. Charles Darwin and the Origin of species: addresses, etc., in America and England in the year of the two anniversaries. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.   Text   Image

EVOLUTION CONTINUOUS OR DISCONTINUOUS Darwin fully recognized the limits which may be set to the results achieved by the artificial selection in one direction of individual variations. Thus he wrote, Aug. 7, 1869, to Sir Joseph Hooker:— 'I am not at all surprised that Hallett has found some varieties of wheat could not be improved in certain desirable qualities as quickly as at first. All experience shows this with animals; but it would, I think, be rash to assume, judging from actual

A35    Pamphlet:     Shipley, A.E. [1909]. Charles Darwin. [Cambridge, Privately Printed].   Text   Image

and indeed Punnett has suggested that under the head of fluctuating variation we are dealing with two distinct phenomena. He holds that some of the so-called fluctuations are in reality mutations, whilst others are due to environmental influence. He thinks the evidence that these latter are transmitted is slender, and later states that Evolution takes place through the action of selection on these mutations. Where there are no mutations there can be no evolution. The disagreement about the way

A162    Book:     Seward, A. C. ed. 1909. Darwin and modern science. Essays in commemoration of the centenary of the birth of Charles Darwin and of the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of The origin of species. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

Ruskin, 482 Rutherford, E., 570-576, 581 Rutot, 130 Sachs, J., 1114, 210, 223 St Hilaire, E. G. de, 8, 13, 16 Salamandra atra, 269 S. maculosa, 269 Saltatory Evolution, 22-25 (see also Mutations) Sanders, experiments on Vanessa by, 50 Saporta, on the Evolution of Angiosperms, 313, 316 Sargant, Ethel, on the Evolution of Angiosperms, 2082 Savigny, 531, 532 Scardafella inca, 280, 281 Scent, in relation to Sexual Selection, 296 Scharff, R. F., 3024 Schelling, 5, 6, 448, 449 Schlegel, 515

A288    Pamphlet:     Hovey, Edmund Otis ed. 1909. Darwin memorial celebration. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 19, no. 1, Part 1 (31 July): 1-40.   Text

organisms have developed to bring about fertilization in various ways. The processes are adjusted intimately to the visits made by insects to flowers for nourishment. O THE DESCENT OF MAN The general principles of evolution hold true for the attainment by the human species of its present place in nature. The exhibits demonstrate in a general manner the various stages reached by organisms nearly related to man, which the human species has surpassed. Illustrations 1. A series of primate animals from the