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A558.1    Beagle Library:     Hall, Basil. 1824. Extracts from a journal, written on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, in the years 1820, 1821, 1822. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Constable. vol. 1.   Text   Image
EXTRACTS FROM A JOURNAL. CHAPTER I. CHILI. PASSAGE OF CAPE HORN ARRIVAL AT VALPARAISO VISIT TO SANTIAGO, THE CAPITAL OF CHILI. HIS Majesty's ship Conway, under my command, sailed from England on the 10th of August 1820, and having touched at Teneriffe, Rio de Janeiro, and the River Plate, received orders to proceed to Valparaiso, the principal sea port on the coast of Chili. The passage round Cape Horn has acquired such celebrity in Nautical history, from the difficulties encountered by Anson
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
migrations along the rivers, it seems that they originally spread from the interior to the sea. Those who live together in the Aides de Valen a, not far from the road of Rio to Villa Rica, between the rivers Paraiba and Rio Preto, are remains of the same nation. This place was but a few years ago, the only one in the province of Rio de Janeiro, in which a considerable number, both of converted and unconverted Indians resided. The situation of the establishment, favoured the inclination of
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A558.2    Beagle Library:     Hall, Basil. 1824. Extracts from a journal, written on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, in the years 1820, 1821, 1822. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Constable. vol. 2.   Text   Image
No. I. From Rio de Janeiro to Buenos Ayres. P. M. 14th of October to A. M. 23d, 1820. (8 1/2 Days.) THIS passage was made in less time than it usually occupies. We passed the Sugar Loaf at the entrance of Rio about four o'clock in the afternoon of Saturday the 14th of October 1820, and were off Maldanado, at the entrance of the river Plate, at the same hour on that day week, viz. the 21st, and anchored off Buenos Ayres at four in the morning of Monday the 23d: thus completing seven days from
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
European goods; to Pernambuco and Ceara, sometimes considerable quantities of vegetables, when a drought causes them to fail there. Of late years slaves have been exported from Rio to the northern provinces in great numbers. The west and east coast of Africa receive English and Portuguese goods from this place. Lastly, gold bars and Spanish dollars must also be considered as an export article from Rio de Janeiro. Both Portuguese and North American Indiamen often take from here, instead of goods
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
of our affairs from Messrs. Von Eschwege and Feldner, lieutenant-colonels of engineers in the service of the King of Portugal. A residence of several years in Brazil had made them both very well acquainted with the interior of the country, and the former happened to be just then at Rio de Janeiro, whither he had come on a visit from his garrison at Villa Rica. By the intervention of the Austrian minister, Baron Von Neveu, who interested himself in the success of our undertaking with the
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
compose a confused unheard-of discord, which is perfectly stunning to the stranger. By far the greater part of the population of Rio de Janeiro, consists of Portuguese and their descendants, both whites and people of colour. American aboriginal inhabitants are scarcely ever seen here. They avoid the city as much as possible, and appear but very rarely, and by chance, like birds of passage, in the bustle which is so contrary to their habits. The nearest are said to belong to the mission of S. Louren o
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
miration to the stars, which, glowing in solemn silence in the firmament above the continent and ocean, fill the soul with a presentiment of still sublimer wonders. In the enjoyment of the peaceful and magic influence of such nights, the newly arrived European remembers with tender longings his native home, till the luxuriant scenery of the tropics has become to him a second country. These fine nights may be enjoyed at Rio de Janeiro without any fear of those disorders, which, in many tropical
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
have to contend, and the more so ad all articles, except the Portuguese and English, pay a duty of twenty-fire per cent. The importation of European productions and manufactures into Rio de Janeiro, extends to all Imaginable human wants. Portugal and the islands send wine, oil, flour, biscuit, salt, butter, vinegar, Stockfish, hams, sausages, olives, and preserved or * In February 1810, at Rio de Janeiro, by Lord Strangford, on the part of England. See Note 3 page 200. [page] 18
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
mica of a middling size. The granite about Rio de Janeiro, as is always the case in similar mountains, often consists of earthy felspar of a greyish colour, sometimes spotted of a brownish yellow by oxyd of iron, smoky quartz, and but a little black mica, and at the slightest touch crumbling to pieces. The structure of the granite gradually becomes slaty, because the smoky quartz and the black small foliated mica (not so much the smoky felspar) combine, and the rock passes into gneiss. In this
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
themselves, or salt them raw for exportation. As in Rio de Janeiro, they use for tanning, the bark of the Rhizophora Mangle. The necessary workmen are on the spot, though not always very skilful or regularly trained. A few months before our arrival, a government manufactory for arms, which had before been established at Rio de Janeiro, was transferred hither and placed under the superintendence of Lieutenant-colonel M ller. The eight working masters were all Germans, and had been brought several years
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
journey hither, and, on the 21st of April, returned safely, by way of Mariana, to Villa Rica. NOTE TO CHAPTER II. THE first bishopric in Bruit was founded al Bahia in the year 1522, and rained to the rank of an archbishopric in the year 1667. The bishoprics of Rio de Janeiro and Pernambuco, which were founded at a later period, at also those of Angola and S. Thom , in Africa, were placed under it as suffragans. The bishopric of Maranh o, from which, under John V., the bishopric of Par was separated
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
BOTOCUDO and A COROADO To face page 143. We are obliged to His Serene Highness Prince Maximilian of Neuwied for this portrait of a Botocudo. The Coroado is the portrait of our attendant, Custodio, who accompanied us on a great part of our journey through the interior. See Vol. II. page 264. MANDIOCCA To face page 238. The farm of M. Von Langsdorff at the foot of the Serra de Estrella, the continuation of the Serra dos Orgaos; on the north side of the bay of Rio de Janeiro, and on the road to Villa
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
Corografia Brasilica, printed at Rio, in two volumes; a work which, it is true, has many imperfections with respect to order precision, and correctness, especially in treating of subjects of natural history, but, as the first compendium of a general geography of Brazil, is of great use, and has been almost literally translated into English.* At present only two newspapers are published in the whole kingdom: in the capital, the Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro; and, in Bahia, a paper under the title of
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
the rainy season, that the animal and vegetable kingdom revive, and appear in their greatest perfection. In such an expedition to the interior, we had been preceded of late years by several travellers. Mawe, who came from Buenos Ayres to Rio de Janeiro, by way of S. Paulo, had continued from hence his journey to Tejuco, in the Diamond district; Von Eschwege, setting out from his residence. Villa Rica, had penetrated westward from the Rio de San Francisco to Rio Abait , where he worked a lead
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
agreeable forms. Rio de Janeiro, or properly St. Sebastiano, commonly called only Rio, lies on the shore of the great bay, which extends from the city northwards into the continent three times as far as the distance to the anchorage. It occupies the northeast part of a tongue of land, of an irregularly quadrangular shape, situated on the west bank, which stretches towards the north, and towards the south is connected with the continent. The most easterly point of this tongue of land is the
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
,402 ditto. Tea 74 ditto. Timber for 4,604,060 value in rees. Tallow 52 ditto. Sundries for 1,006,300 ditto. Wax 858 ditto. Drugs and spices for 7,612,980 rees. Sundries for 23,946,120 do. Of which exported to Of which exported to Lisbon for 2,635,200 rees. Oporto for 53,270,900 rees. Oporto for 49,907,600 do. Rio de Janeiro for 646,584,928 do Rio de Janeiro for 536,006,600 do. Bahia for 24,362,560 do. Bahia for 13,042,880 do. Pernambuco for 15,500,800 do. Pernambuco for 5,085,000 do. Rio Grande
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
dos Orgaos. Description of the forest, of the plants, and animals. Rocks, their formation. Way over the Serra to Corrego Seco, and as far as the passage of the river Paraiba. Agriculture, and the obstacles to it Considerations and counsels for European settlers The weather at Rio. Preparations for the journey into the interior. The arrival of Her Imperial Highness the Princess Royal of Brazil. CHAPTER III. Journey from Rio de Janeiro, to the city of S. Paulo Page 269 327. Departure to Campinho
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
year 1817, to 133,359; in 1818, to 76,395. The exportation of hides from the same place was, in the year 1816, 368,909; in 1817, 238,979; in 1818,290,950. For these, and other statements, we are indebted to the kindness of our friend, Mr. F. Schimmelbusch of Solingen, who, during many years' residence in Brazil, has acquired very extensive knowledge of its commercial relations. From Chili, which, according to Bland, exports much corn, none has yet come to Rio de Janeiro. In fact, the intercourse
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
towns of Brazil, entirely corresponds with the spirit in which poetry and the belles lettres are cultivated; for, in these, it is the French literature that is preferred by the superior classes in this country. The diffusion of the French language, and the importation of innumerable French books, are the more surprising, as there are only two indifferent booksellers' shops at Rio de Janeiro. Besides the publications of the day, with which the French Magasins des Modes [page] 15
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
. The town and its inhabitants. Mount Calpe. Osseous breccia. St. Roque. Algesiras. Tarifa. Observations relative to Natural History. The Strait of Gibraltar, and the currents in it. NOTES: List of animals and plants found about Gibraltar and Algesiras. CHAPTER IV. Voyage from Gibraltar to Madeira, and thence across the Atlantic Ocean, to Rio de Janeiro. Page 81 130. [page] xvi
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A558.2    Beagle Library:     Hall, Basil. 1824. Extracts from a journal, written on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, in the years 1820, 1821, 1822. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Constable. vol. 2.   Text   Image
CHAPTER XIV. SAN BLAS. RESIDENCE AT SAN BLAS, AND RETURN ROUND CAPE HORN TO RIO DE JANEIRO. ON the 5th of May, I left Tepic for San Blas, in order to be present when the treasure for England should be put on board the Conway. The officers as well as myself took leave of the interior without much regret, for, notwithstanding the many kind attentions which we had met with, it was impossible to disguise from ourselves, that we were all more or less objects of suspicion to the inhabitants, roused
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. BOOK II. CHAPTER I. STAY IN RIO DE JANEIRO. ON the morning of the following day, the 15th of July, we went on shore, rowing through the busy crowd of European vessels, and little boats manned with negroes and mulattoes. Ascending the slope of a very fine molo (quay), of hewn granite, we were at once in the principal square of the city, which is formed by the royal palace and several considerable private buildings. It was with great difficulty that we made our way through the
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
sailors of all nations. Captain Cook was mistaken when he expressed doubts of the goodness of this water for long voyages; for Portuguese captains have, by way of making the experiment, taken this water to India, and brought it back to Rio de Janeiro, when it was found to be still uncorrupted. New fountains continue to be erected in the city, and during our stay, measures were taken to provide the great square of S. Anna with a fountain, and to lead a new aqueduct to the south-west part of the
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
in silver, which they carry to India. It is affirmed* that in some years the value of the silver exported in this manner has amounted to 500,000l nay even 800,000l. sterling. The great difference in the value of the imports and exports in favour of Rio de Janeiro, which from the excess of the latter draws large sums in ready money from Europe, indicates at once the nature of the commercial relations between Europe and this rich though infant state. The precious metals which the rapacious
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
at present be greater than it could be, if those accounts were true which represent Brazil as a country yet wholly uncultivated, without any traces of the beneficial influence of European industry. It is true, the colonial produce exported from the port of Rio de Janeiro is indeed not entirely grown in the province, but is partly brought from the remote districts of the interior. But a comparison of the exportation of some articles from this port, with the same from England, gives us a very
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
Atlantic Ocean to the Tropic of Cancer, from that to the Equator, and thence to Riode Janeiro. Phosphorescence. Flying fish, tunny fish, sharks, sea-fowl, mollusca, c. Natural and Mathematical Equator. Fear of pirates. Feelings on passing the Equator. A day between the tropics. Communication with a vessel. The coast of Brazil. The llhas Abrolhos. Rocks and shoals. Trinidad. Perilous situation of the crew of a French vessel. Arrival. The harbour of Rio de Janeiro. NOTES: The dyer's lichen. The
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
we happily arrived on the 28th of April. Our collections had been considerably augmented since we sent away the cases from Sorocaba, and it was necessary, before we proceeded farther on our journey, to send them to Rio de Janeiro, which was the next coast town. The governor-general, Manoel Conde de Portugal e Castro, who had already had the kindness to countersign our passports for the diamond district, and to give us [page] 28
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
ramosis, floribus sessilibus.) 46. Myrtus cauliflora, Mart. (Trunco ramisque excorticantibus florigeris, foliis lanceolatis longe acuminatis, basi acutis glaberrimis, floribus congestis, baccis globosis violaceopurpurascentibus.) The JABUTICABA is one of the most agreeable fruits in Brazil, and the taste will be improved by further culture. A very good wine, syrup, c., are made of it. The JABUTICABEIRA grows principally in the provinces of Rio de Janeiro, S. Paulo, and Minas Gera s. 47. Polygala
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A558.2    Beagle Library:     Hall, Basil. 1824. Extracts from a journal, written on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, in the years 1820, 1821, 1822. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Constable. vol. 2.   Text   Image
a passage of eighty-nine days from leaving San Blas. No. XVI. Rio de Janeiro to Bahia, or St Salvador. 25th November to 13th December 1822. (18 Days.) This passage, and that of his Majesty's ship Doris, about the same time, serve to show how uncertain the winds are on this coast. We sailed in the Conway, on the 25th of November, met with north and north-easterly winds off Cape Frio, which obliged us to stand off for nine days, at the end of which time we were one hundred and fifty miles
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
influence very different from that which they formerly had possessed. Even the more remote provinces of the infant kingdom, whose inhabitants, led by curiosity, interest, or private business, visited Rio de Janeiro, soon accustomed themselves to recognise that city as the capital, and to adopt the manners and modes of thinking, which, after the arrival of the court, struck them as European. In general the influence of the court at Rio, upon Brazil, is in every respect incalculable. The presence
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
, but have especially carried on a very good trade in Nuremberg toys, and in iron and brass utensils, which are made in the shapes usual in that country. Russia and Sweden import iron, steel, copper utensils, sail-cloth, cords, ropes, and tar. North America sends to Rio de Janeiro chiefly corn, soap, spermaceti candles, biscuit, train oil, tar, leather, boards, pitch, potashes, and rude furniture. The trade with the coast of Africa furnishes but few articles, which are all but secondary to the
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
able roads. From Rio Grande do Sul and S. Paulo many thousand oxen, horses, and mules are annually driven hither, and many of them are forwarded to the neighbouring capitanias. Minas sends its cotton, coffee, and tobacco chiefly to Rio de Janeiro; the road to which, though from some parts further than to Bahia, is more pleasant and less difficult. In the year 1820, the importation of these articles was cotton 70,407 arrobas, coffee 20,000, and tobacco 54,281 arrobas. Besides these raw
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
articles of trade from S. Paulo to Minas are mules, horses, salt, dry meat, iron goods, and all other manufactures which go from the coast to the interior. At present, however, Minas is almost entirely supplied by Rio and Bahia, and the importation from Santos is inconsiderable; and of still less importance is that from Angra dos Reyes and Parati, in the province of Rio de Janeiro, which are the nearest to the entrance of Minas. Minas sends principally coarse cotton goods to S. Paulo. As we
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
of the gentians, there are many species of lisianthus, which call to mind the equality of the diffusion of certain families, through very remote countries. At the bottom of the valley, we crossed the little river Ingahy, which, as well as the Capivary which joins it, carries the tribute of its waters to the Rio Grande. The solitary spot was just then animated by numerous caravans, conveying bacon from the interior of Minas to Rio de Janeiro, and which had encamped in the valley. This branch of
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
whose names are partly lost, because the Portuguese did not distinguish them from each other, but bestowed on them the common name of Coroados or Shorn, because they used to cut off the hair from the middle of the crown, and wore only a circle of hair round the forehead.* The chief abode of the Coroados, is at present on the banks of the Rio da Pomba, a side branch of the Paraiba; and as the Indians generally make their * Hietorians mention in the neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro, and along the
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
the ground by means of short pegs, a little salted and dried in the sun. The flesh cut into thin strips, rubbed with salt, and dried in the air, is an important article of exportation, from the harbours of S. Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, to the cities in the north, particularly to Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Pernambuco, and Maranh o, where, under the names of Carne seca do Sert o, Passoca or Carne charqueda, it constitutes an essential part of the subsistence of all the Brazilians, but especially
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
becomes broader. We met here with a pupil of the surgical school of Rio de Janeiro, who observed to us with much na vet , that the inhabitants of this country were not at all worthy of having a surgeon among them, because they were so seldom ill. In fact these healthy districts are peopled by a robust race of men, and only the syphilis makes great progress among them, chiefly for want of proper treatment. Northwards of S. Jo o de Atibaya, several chains of mountains run almost parallel to each
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
. 1,010 7,070,000 1,010 7,070,000 Sandries 7,691,300 1,775,000 9,466,300 Total 381,687,420 114,422,000 496,109,420 To Lisbon was exported in 5 ships a value of 63,298,000 rees. Oporto, ditto 5 do. do. 75,313,410 do. Madeira, ditto 1 do. do. 13,513,600 do. Rio de Janeiro, ditto 45 vessels do. 87,066,600 do. Bahis, ditto 4 do do. 12,067,450 do. Pernambuco, ditto 6 do. do. 9,360,890 do. Rio Grande, ditto 19 do. do. 117,197,170 do. Rio de S. Francisco, do. 5 do. do. 2,577,420 paraty, ditto 2 do. do
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
Porto de Estrella, the low ill-built houses, or rather huts, of which form an irregular street at the confluence of the small Saracur na with the Inhumerim. Porto de Estrella is the common harbour between Rio de Janeiro, and the province of Minas Gera s. Long trains of mules laden with chests and packages arrive here from the interior, or return to it. The European, accustomed to the conveyance of considerable burdens in waggons, is astonished at the sight of so many cargoes divided into small
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
permits the cultivation of the sugar-cane. Half of the productions of the capitania are required for home consumption, the other is exported by water as well as by land. Colonial articles, properly so called, as coffee, sugar, tobacco, rum, some cotton, copaiva oil, hides, horns and horn tips, tallow, c., go either directly, or by way of Rio de Janeiro, to Europe. The man * See Note 2. page 34. [page] 1
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
landholders prepare what iron they require for their own use, and there are besides several small furnaces in different parts of the capitania, at times, also, large importations from Rio de Janeiro, the daily produce is limited to one or two arrobas, which are immediately manufactured into hatchets, axes, knife-blades, horseshoes, nails, and pickaxes. The arroba of un * See Note 1. page 291. T 3 [page] 27
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
voluble in their speech, and have good lungs, take upon them the office of the clerk or priest. Inficionado is the birth-place of Father Dura , author of the poem Caramur , which celebrates the discovery of Brazil.* At daybreak the following morning, we left this place, which is gradually impoverished as the mines are neglected, and set out for the Serra do Cara a. We were informed by a stone-merchant, whom we had known at Rio de Janeiro, and who, as we afterwards learnt, was hastening from
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
slaves arrive at Rio de Janeiro, they are quartered in houses hired for the purpose in Vallongo-street, near the sea. There may be seen children from six years of age upwards, and adults of both sexes, of all ages. They lie about half-naked, exposed to the sun in the court-yard, or out of the houses; or are distributed in several rooms, the two sexes being kept separate. A mulatto or old negro who has acquired experience in long service, has the superintendence of the food and other
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
commerce, produced in the country itself, to the ports of Europe, was the first foundation of the prosperity of Rio de Janeiro. The forwarding of goods imported from Europe, to the smaller ports, and into the interior, is indeed likewise a fertile source from which the capital annually derives large sums; but it bears no proportion to the mass of colonial produce which Rio sends beyond sea. The three most important articles of agriculture are sugar, coffee, and cotton. The first is particularly
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
and the branches rather spread in breadth. When the trees are four or five years old, the produce is sufficiently considerable, and one negro is then appointed to take care of every thousand trees. While the trees are young and bear little or nothing, one negro is sufficient to keep two thousand trees in order, and to pull up the weeds. There are three gatherings, which occupy almost the whole year; at Rio de Janeiro, the first begins in the month of April. Only the entirely ripe red berries
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
from Russia, is shown here as a curiosity. It was upon an island exactly resembling these, but which lies before the mouth of the bay, and is called Ilha raza, that Sir Joseph Banks, when he touched at Rio de Janeiro in the company of Captain Cook, discovered the beautiful Mor a Northiana, which has since then become the ornament of European gardens. The indefatigable Commerson, too, when Bougainville put into the harbour of Rio, botanised on these islands and the adjacent continent; we therefore
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
our caravan in good order, crossed the side roads leading to Canta-Gallo and Minas, and at sunset, reached Campinho, a fazenda, with a venda attached to it, situated about three leagues from Rio, where the necessary provisions for the passing caravans are sold. Such shops are met with on the greater part of the road from Rio de Janeiro to S. Paulo, and to the principal places in Minas Gera s, and as the plantations lie in the moist tracts, or in the forests far from the road, these are [page] 27
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
to Rio de Janeiro, where he intended to embark on his return to Europe.. He had been already four months upon the road to traverse 11 of latitude. By sea he might have returned to Europe in less time. It was not till the evening of the following day that we received fresh mules, which the obliging capit o m r of Ar as sent after us. We now resolved, in order to redeem the time we had lost, immediately to continue our journey by moonlight, which, however, we soon had reason to repent. We were
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A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text
fore, to shorten our stay in the city, which was at all events tiresome for naturalists, and to repair to the iron foundry of S. Jo o Ypanema, about twenty leagues distant; the beautiful environs of which, together with the abundance of plants and animals to be found there, had been described to us in very attractive colours by Lieutenant-colonel Varnhagen, the director of the establishment, whom we had met with at Rio de Janeiro. The government provided us with letters of recommendation to
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A558.1    Beagle Library:     Hall, Basil. 1824. Extracts from a journal, written on the coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, in the years 1820, 1821, 1822. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Constable. vol. 1.   Text   Image
, namely, Rio de Janeiro in Brazil; Buenos Ayres in the River Plate; Valparaiso in Chili; Lima in Peru; and San Blas on the coast of Mexico. There were, besides, many intermediate ports where the activity of our merchants had found means to introduce a taste for our manufactures; and all these places required to be occasionally visited, that the British interests might not want protection. Without going into details, which might seem tedious, it would be difficult to give a comprehensive view of the
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