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A597.5a
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. Into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 5, part 1.
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tributary streams are the Rio Branco*, * As the names Rio Branco and Rio Parime signify in Portugueze and in Caribbee river of white waters, and great water, it is natural, that these expressions, applied to different tributary streams at once, have caused many errors in geography. The great Rio Branco, or Parime, often mentioned in this work, is formed by the Urariquera and the Tacutu, and flows, between Carvoeyro and Villa de Moura, into the Rio Negro. It is the Queeuene of the natives; and
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A597.5b
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. Into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 5, part 2.
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west, from the Portugueze fort of San Joaquim, in the valley of the Rio Uruariquera. The observations of the longitude, which I made at Esmeralda, may facilitate this research, as I have shown in * The name of Santa Rosa is found on the most recent maps of the d p t at Rio Janeiro, which are very minute on the northern part of the Rio Branco. The Urariapara falls into the Rio Urariquera (the Curaricara of Surville's map), which receives the little Rio Parima, and which, with the Tacutu, forms
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A597.6b
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 6, part 2.
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. * Observ. meteor logicas hechas en la Havana y en el pueblo de Ubajay (manuscript). Conn. des temps pour 1817, p. 8. Rio Janeiro: mean height, bar. in December 1785, 337.02li (th. 25.7 cent.); in August, 340.59li (th. 22.1 ); at the Havannah (1810 1812), in September, 761.23mm (th. 28.8 cent.); in January, 768.09mm (th. 21.1 ). Reduced to the temperature of zero, the difference near the tropic of capricorn is, 8.3mm: near the tropic of cancer, 7.9mm. [page] 74
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A597.5a
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. Into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 5, part 1.
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, p. 131.) This place, called Marioba and Mariova by d'Anville and La Cruz, is no longer found on the new maps of the Rio Negro constructed at the hydrographic depot of Rio Janeiro. Mr. Apollinario Diez de la Fuente, in a manuscript journal of which I am in possession, calls it Maribaes, military head-quarters. It is no doubt, the ancient Barcelos, between the town of Thomar and the great mouth of the Rio Branco. [page] 49
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A597.6b
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 6, part 2.
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not known how far the mountainous country is prolonged, if we may call by that name a territory bristled with hills of one hundred or two hundred toises high. Between the Rio das Vertentes and the Rio de Tres Barras (tributary streams of the Araguay and the Topayos), several ridges of the Mounts Parecis run towards the north. On the right bank of the Topayos, a series of monticules advance (according to manuscript maps recently framed at the hydrographic Dep t of Rio Janeiro) as far as the
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A597.6b
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 6, part 2.
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appeared to be marked by causes of perturbation. We now know that this assertion demands some restriction for Rio Janeiro. M. de Freycinet, who stopped at this port in his last voyage round the world, found in the month of August, consequently in more serene weather, the greatest regularity in the horary variations*. OBSERVATIONS AT RIO JANEIRO, IN 1820. HOURS OF THE OBSERVATIONS. HEIGHTS OF THE BAROMETER in hundredths of millimeter. 11 + 766.71 midnight 766.77 13 766.59 14 766.15 15 - 765.65
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A597.6b
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 6, part 2.
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the Jauru, which receives the Aguapehy, a marshy soil begins. It extends as far as Albuquerque, and its inundations (lat. 17 19 ) have given rise to the fable of the Laguna de Xarayes, as the inundations of the Rio Parime (Rio Branco), gave birth to the fable of the Laguna Parime (Mar del Doradoor Rupunuwini), See Patriota, 1813, No. 5, p. 33, and manuscript Map of Brazil, taken from 76 particular maps, at the dep t of Maps of Rio Janeiro, by Silvan Pontes Leme, 1804. [page] 53
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A597.6b
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 6, part 2.
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which the Andes send towards the east, it was heretofore concluded that the system of the mountains of Brazil was linked with that of the Andes of Upper Peru. I partook myself of this error in my first geognostic labours. A coast chain (Serra do Mar) extends nearly parallel with the coast, north-east of Rio Janeiro, lowering considerably towards Rio Doce, and losing itself almost entirely near Bahia (lat. 12 58 ). According to Mr. Eschwege*, some small ridges reach Cape Saint Roque (lat. 5 12
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A597.6b
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 6, part 2.
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Roque to the Rio de la Plata corresponds with that of the United States (stretching from S. W. to N. E.). The chain of the Alleghanies is opposite to the latter coast, as the principal Cordil leras of Brazil are nearly parallel to the shore of the provinces of Porto Seguro, Rio Janeiro, and Rio Grande. The Alleghanies, generally composed of grauwakke and transition rocks, are a little loftier than the almost primitive mountains (of granite, gneiss, and micaslate,) of the Brazilian groupe; they are
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A597.6b
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 6, part 2.
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These results are even confirmed by older observations than those of Lamanon. M. Sanchez Dorta has published in the greatest detail, in the first volume of the Memoirs of the Academy of Lisbon, the barometric heights observed at Rio Janeiro, at three periods of the day, (morning, noon, and evening) during the whole year of 1785. In this table, of more than a thousand observations*, we scarcely find two or three days in a month where any irregularity is remarked, but the hours indicated not
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A597.5a
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. Into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 5, part 1.
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thesis was maintained by the Jesuit Acunha: but it is little conformable to the results of the researches, which I have made in the works of the first historians of the conquest*. Acunha as * Acunha. Nuevo Discubrimiento del Rio de las Amazonas, Madrid, 1614. The comparison (p. 32) of the distance from the Oroonoko and La Boca de Dragos to the mouths of the Rio Felipe and the Maragnon would seem to prove, that Acunha places the Rio de Felipe a little to the north-west of the North Cape; while
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A597.5a
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. Into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 5, part 1.
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one to go up the Amazon beyond the mouth of the Cababuri, a river celebrated for the collection of sarsaparilla, all that has been recently published, even at Rio Janeiro, on the geography of those countries, is extremely confused. In going down the Guainia, or Rio Negro, you pass on the right the Canno Maliapo, and on the left the Cannos Dariba and Eny. At five leagues distance, consequently nearly in 1 38 of north latitude, is the island of San Josef, which is provisionally recognized (for
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A597.6a
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 6, part 1.
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Spanish Guyana and Brazil, the fort of San Carlos del Rio Negro to be situate under the equator; a fort which I found, by the observations made at the rock of Culimacari, to be in 1 53 42 of north latitude. The second cause of uncertainty, that which relates to political disputes respecting the limits, is of high importance, wherever the Portuguese territory is contiguous to that of the Spanish Americans. The manuscript maps traced at Rio Janeiro or Lisbon have little resemblance with those
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A597.6b
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 6, part 2.
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Joa Baptista in Brazil*; of M. Arago, in Spain and France ; of M. Freycinet, at Rio Janeiro and in the South Sea; of M. Simonoff , astronomer of the voyage of Bilinghausen, who, during the years 1820 and 1821, observed alone, from hour to hour, more than 4300 barometric heights in the southern hemisphere, between 10 and 30 of latitude; of Captain Sabine, on the western coast of Africa; of MM. Boussingault and Rivero, at La Guayra, and in the Cordilleras of Columbia; and of M. Duperey
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A597.6a
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 6, part 1.
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linea divisoria reaches, according to different hypotheses, the mouth of the Rio Francisco, or Rio Janeiro, or the meridian of Saint Paul, which is still placed 1 to the east of Grand Para. Pope Julian sanctioned the treaty of Tordesillas by a bull issued January 24th, 1506; but the daring voyage of Magellan, and the discoveries (1500 1504) of the mouth of the river Amazon, by Vicente Janez Pinson, of Cape San Augustin, by Amerigo Vespucci, and the ports of Santa Cruz and of the Bahia of Todos
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A597.6a
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 6, part 1.
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geography will derive great advantages, if not the results only of their investigation are made public, but the observations on which those results are founded. The map by Azara of Paraguay, and those of Brazil, executed at Rio Janeiro, by order of the minister of marine, Don Rodrigo de Souza Coutinho, in 1804, by the captain of a frigate, Don Antonio P res da Silva Pontes Lemos, have been rectified according to a part of those observations; but the longitudes being all chronometrical, the
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A597.4
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 4.
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his voyage to Rio Janeiro and the Cape, had already been struck with the beautiful appearance displayed by the zodiacal light between the tropics, not so much on ac * On the 15th of February, the total disappearance took place 2h 50 after sunset. Altitude of the pyramid, 50 above the horizon. [page] 9
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A597.6b
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 6, part 2.
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?) of diorite, but neither trachyte, basalt, dolerite, nor amygdaloide; and he was therefore more surprised to see, in the vicinity of Rio Janeiro, an insulated mass of phonolithe, entirely similar to that of Bohemia, pierce the gneiss soil . I am inclined to believe that America, on the east of the Andes, would have burning volcanos if, near the shore of Venezuela, Guyana, and Brazil, the series of primitive rocks were interrupted trachytes. The trachytes, by their fendillation, and open crevices
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A597.7
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 7.
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. Cumana (lat. 10 27 N.) 27 7 Between 10 latitude, and the extremity of the torrid zone, follow: Pondicherry (lat. 11 55 N.) 29 6 Madras (lat. 13 4 N.) 26 9 Manilla (lat. 14 36 N.) 25 6 Senegal (lat. 15 53 N.) 26 5 Bombay (lat. 18 56 ) 26 7 Macao (lat. 22 12 N.) 23 3 Rio Janeiro (lat. 22 54 S.) 23 5 The Havannah (lat. 23 9 N.) 25 7 To which may be added, from the observations of Colonel Pereira, Maranham (lat. 2 29 S.) 27 4 It appears to result from these statements, that the sole place in the
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A597.7
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 7.
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whole voyage of the Uranie round the world, commanded by M. de Freycinet, the temperature of the equatorial Ocean was never found below 20 7 , and even that temperature was only observed towards the extremity of the tropical zone, nearly east of Rio Janeiro, lat. 22 13 south, and long. 26 45 , therefore at more than 100 leagues from the isle Martin Vaz. (Compare also Sabine, Pend., p. 441.) 2 F 2 [page] 43
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A597.6a
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 6, part 1.
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population of Brazil, however, must have augmented considerably during the last four or five years. According to documents presented to the house of commons at London in 1821, we see, that the port of Bahia received from January the 1st 1817, to January the 7th 1818, 6070 slaves, and that of Rio Janeiro, 18,032. In the course of the year 1818, the latter port received 19,802 Negroes. (Report made by a committee to the directors of the African Institution, on the 8th of May, 1821, p. 37.) I have no
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A597.5a
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. Into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 5, part 1.
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Janeiro, mark San Carlos nearly in it's real position. It is expressly said in an advertisement added to the map of the Rio Negro by Jose Joaquim Victorio da Cesta, Jose Simoens de Carvalho, and Manoel de Gama Lobo, that whatever relates to Spanish Gayana is taken from the map of the Voyage de Depons, which was traced by Mr. Poirson, from my observations made on the spot. (See my Obs. Astr., vol. i, p. 238.) The Portugueze had the habit, as I have said above (p. 364, 5) of extending their
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A597.6a
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 6, part 1.
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, botanist of the expedition of Malaspina.) See above, vol. v, p. 842. The Brazilian limits, in the government of the Rio Negro, were examined by the astronomers Jos Joaquim Victorio da Costa, Jos Simoens de Carvalho, Francisco Jos de Lacerda, and Antonio Luiz Pontes; and in the government of Grand Para, especially between the Araguari and the Calsoene (Rio Carsewens of the Map of the Coast of the Guyana, published by the Depot of the Marine in 1817), by the astronomer Joz Simoens de Carvalho, and
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A597.6b
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 6, part 2.
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to the Cortes at Madrid, in 1821, total 630,980, of whom 290,021 were whites; free coloured population, 115,691; slaves, 225,268. Reclamaci hecha por los representantes de la Isla de Cuba, contra los aranceles, p. 7. The number of slaves imported, from 1817 1819, was from 15,000 to 26,000. Letters from the Havannah to John Wilson Croker, Esq., 1821, p. 18 36. These importations are frightful; even Rio Janeiro does not receive a greater number in these latter times; namely, 1821, slaves, 20,852
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A597.6b
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 6, part 2.
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h . Equatorial Pacific Ocean. Sabine. - 5h + 9 h - 8 h + 10h . Sierra Leone, lat. 8 30 N. Kater. - 5h + 10 h - 4h + 10 h . Table-land of Mysore, (lat. 14 11 N. height 400 t.) Rainy season. Simonoff. - 3 h + 9 h - 3 h + 9 h . Pacific Ocean, from lat. 24 30 N. to 25 0 S.). Richelet. - 5h + 9h - 5h + 10h . Macao, lat. 22 12 N. Balfour. - 6h + 9 h - 6h + 10h . Calcutta, lat. 22 34 N. Dorta, Freycinet, Eschwege. - 3h + 9 h - 4h + 11h 2.34 Equinoxial Brazil, at Rio Janeiro (lat. 22 54 S.), and at the
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A597.7
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 7.
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The climate of the Havannah, notwithstanding the frequency of the north and north-west winds, is hotter than that of Macao, and Rio Janeiro. The former participates in the cold which, on account of the frequency of the west winds, is felt in winter along all the eastern coast of a great continent. The proximity of great spaces of land, covered with mountains and table-lands, renders the distribution of heat in the different months of the year, more unequal at Macao and Canton, than in an
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A597.6b
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 6, part 2.
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limits of the descending oscillations. The interruption of the horary oscillations near the tropic of cancer (in the gulph of Mexico) is a prognostic of the proximity of tempests, of their force and duration. The monthly means of the barometric heights diminish regularly from July to December and January, on the table-land of Bogota (p. 739), and even in the southern hemisphere, on the coast of Rio Janeiro (p. 731). The blowing-back of the north winds at the extremity of the northern
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A597.6b
Beagle Library:
Humboldt, Alexander von. 1819-1829. Personal narrative of travels to the equinoctial regions of the New Continent, during the years 1799-1804. By Alexander de Humboldt, and Aimé Bonpland; with maps, plans, &c. written in French by Alexander de Humboldt, and trans. into English by Helen Maria Williams. 7 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. vol. 6, part 2.
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variations, and not to the extent of the variations during a whole tide. In reviewing the whole of my observations, made at different heights, and in latitudes more or less near the equator, it seemed to me that the extent of the variations diminishes very little with the elevation of the spot, and that it diminishes still less than the barometric mean of different days. At Cumana, La Guayra, Payta, Lima, and Rio Janeiro, at the level of the sea in both hemispheres, the mean extent of the
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A809
Beagle Library:
Maximilian, Prince of Wied-Neuwied. 1820. Travels in Brazil in the years 1815, 1816, and 1817. Volume 1. London: Henry Colburn.
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CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION page 1 6 CHAP. I. Voyage from England to Rio de Janeiro 7 24 CHAP. II. RESIDENCE AT RIO DE JANEIRO. The City and its Environs. Indians of St. Lourenzo. Preparations for the Journey into the Interior 25 36 CHAP. III. JOURNEY FROM RIO DE JANEIRO TO CAPE FRIO. Praya Grande. St. Gonzalves. River Guajintibo. Serra de Inua. Lake and Freguesia de Marica. Gurapina. Ponta Negra. Sagoarema. Lake Araruama. St. Pedro dos Indios. Cape Frio 37 73 [page] v
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A728
Beagle Library:
Luccock, John. 1820. Notes on Rio de Janeiro, and the southern parts of Brazil: taken during a residence of ten years in that country, from 1808 to 1818. London: S. Leigh.
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Darwin's Beagle Library [page i] NOTES ON RIO DE JANEIRO, AND THE SOUTHERN PARTS OF BRAZIL; TAKEN DURING A RESIDENCE OF TEN YEARS IN THAT COUNTRY, FROM 1808 TO 1818. BY JOHN LUCCOCK. LONDON: PRINTED FOR SAMUEL LEIGH, IN THE STRAND. MDCCCXX. [page ii
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A728
Beagle Library:
Luccock, John. 1820. Notes on Rio de Janeiro, and the southern parts of Brazil: taken during a residence of ten years in that country, from 1808 to 1818. London: S. Leigh.
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CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. THE ATLANTIC OCEAN. Land-Birds driven to Sea. Agility of a Monkey. Cold felt in Lat.29 .N. Flores. Madeira. Teneriffe. The Peak. Coast of Africa. Weedy Sea. Course across the Line. Trade Winds. Fishes of the Ocean. Luminous and Brown Appearances of the Sea. Art of Fishing and Fishermen. Sea-Birds. Insects. Form of the Southern Hemisphere. Magellanic Clouds. Depth of the Sea and Form of the Bottom. Hint respecting Log-Books. Page 1. CHAPTER II. RIO DE JANEIRO. Cape Frio
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A728
Beagle Library:
Luccock, John. 1820. Notes on Rio de Janeiro, and the southern parts of Brazil: taken during a residence of ten years in that country, from 1808 to 1818. London: S. Leigh.
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CHAPTER XVI. RETURN TO RIO DE JANEIRO. CONGONHA AND BARBAZENA. Travellers from Pitangu . Contraband Gunpowder. Blacksmiths. Rodeiro. Chapaom. Congonha, or Caancunha. Splendid Church there. Miraculous Interposition of the Virgin. Lepers. Su -su . Brazilian Admiration of the Taste and Manners of Foreigners. Reflections on the Form of the Country. St.Joze. Barbazena, Registro-Velho Borda do Campo. Juruocca. The Rio Grand . Mantiqueira. Pedro Alves. Singular Snakes. St.Vincente. Patrulha. Rocinha
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CHAPTER XVII. RIO DE JANEIRO. DOMESTIC AFFAIRS, COMMERCE, AND FOREIGN RELATIONS. A. D. 1818. INCREASE OF POPULATION. IMPROVEMENTS IN RIO AND THE CONDITION OF THE PEOPLE. POLICE. MILITARY. WAR OF RIO GRANDE' DO SUL. REVOLT AT PERNAMBUCO. ITS EFFECTS UPON RIO DE JANEIRO AND NEIGHBOURING PROVINCES. TALAVEIRANS AND PERNAMBUCANOS. FORTS. INTERNAL POLICY AND MANAGEMENT. PUBLIC JUSTICE. REGNAL HONOURS BESTOWED UPON BRAZIL. ACCLAMATION OF THE KING. INCREASE OF SCHOOLS, KNOWLEDGE, AND TASTE. COMMERCE
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CHAPTER II. RESIDENCE AT RIO DE JANEIRO. The City and its Environs Indians of St. Lourenzo Preparations for the Journey into the Interior. RIO DE JANEIRO, which in the last half of the seventeenth century had only about two thousand five hundred inhabitants and six hundred soldiers, has now risen to the rank of one of the first cities in the New World. As there are already many descriptions of this capital before the public, it would be a useless repetition were I to attempt a formal account
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COMMERCE Of RIO DE JANEIRO compared with that of BAHIA, FOR A.D. 1816. INWARDS. OUTWARDS. Rio de Janetro. Bahia. Rio de Janeiro. Bahia. Portuguese Vessels from Ports of Brazil 1062 290 862 214 Africa 43 21 56 37 Portugal and the Isles 78 75 57 37 River Plata 47 7 53 56 Southern Europe 3 18 1 16 Northern Europe 3 6 2 3 Asia 7 0 12 0 Havannah N. America 0 1 2 0 1243 418 1045 343 Foreign vessls British 113 57 93 52 Russian 6 0 0 0 Swedish 8 1 12 1 French 12 7 11 4 Dutch 14 2 9 3 North American 46
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CHAPTER III. RIO DE JANEIRO. A. D. 1808.PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. CATHEDRAL. CHURCHES. BAPTISMAL AND FUNERAL CEREMONIES. CHAPEL ROYAL. OTHER CHAPELS. STREET WORSHIP. HOSPICIO. CONVENTS. NUNNERIES. RECOLHIMENTOS. MISERICORDIA. COLLEGES. BISHOP'S PALACE. CUSTOM HOUSE. PUBLIC WHARFS AND WAREHOUSES. FOUNTAINS. AQUEDUCT. MILITARY AFFAIRS. TROOPS OF THE LINE. BARRACKS. MILITIA. NECESSARIES OF WAR. FORTS. MILITARY HOSPITAL. NAVY. TREASURY. PUBLIC GARDENS. THEATRE. CALABOUCA. PRISONS. THE
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riage of a Princess. Commercial Improvements. Domestic Comforts. The Middle Harbour. Hospital dos Enchados. Rocks and Islands. Party of Pleasure. Lazaretto. Gamb a. British Burial-Ground. Desiccation. Ponte Caj . Marican . Nevas Islands. St.Lorenzo. Praia Grand . Island of Villegagnon. Page 244. CHAPTER IX. JOURNIES FROM RIO DE JANEIRO WESTWARD. Castumbi. Besign of the Holy Ghost. Royal Palace. Campinhos. Swedish Miners. Lamer n. Santa Crus. Sepetiva. Plumed Suceoo. Angra. Indian Village
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CHAPTER XI RIO DE JANEIRO. EXCURSION TO THE UPPER BAY AND THE RIVERS FALLING INTO IT. A. D. 1816. PREPARATION. THE UPPER BAY. A STORM. ILHA DO GOVERNADOR. PALACE OF ST. BENTO. TARANTULA IRASA MUD BANK THE IGUAZU'. PORTO DOS SAVEIROS. THE INHOMERI'M. PORTO D'ESTRELLA. BROKEN ROCKS. CURRENTS. SERUI. ST. NICHOLAS. THE IRIRI. DISAPPOINTMENT. MAJE'. HOSPITALITY. THE IGUAPEZU'. VILLA NOVA. PROSPECT. MACACU'. PIRASENUN'GA. ESTATE ON SALE. TIMBER. SACRED AUCTION. BRAZILIAN TENDERNESS. MICA MISTAKEN
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CHAPTER X. JOURNEY FROM CARAVELLAS TO THE RIO GRANDE DE BELMONTE. River and Town of Alcoba a. River and Town do Prado. The Patachos. The Machacalis. Comechatiba. Rio do Frade. Trancozo. Porto Seguro. Santa Cruz. Mogiqui aba. Belmonte. AFTER we had waited four weeks at Caravellas, the long wished-for Casqueiro at length arrived. It brought us from Rio de Janeiro many things of which we were in need, and took our collections on board, to convey them to our friends in the capital. Captain Bento
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. Porte Alegra. Indians. Journey Northward. Indian Remains. Face of the country. Generol Remarks on the Southern Provinces Manners of Horses and Mules. lagana St. Cathorine's. Sulphureous Springs. Extraordinary Crystal. Military Establishment. singular Funeral Custom. page 204. CHAPTER VIII. RIO DE JANEIRO. Improvement of the City. Buildings. Population Court. Conduct and Popularity of the Regent. Theatre. Ecclesiastical Matters. Their influence upon Manners. Army, and Military Affairs. Internal
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CHAPTER II. RIO DE JANEIRO. A. D. 1808. CAPE FRIO. RICH AND BEAUTIFUL VIEWS. BAY OF BIO. THE CITY. FIRST WALK. STREETS. HOUSES. JEALOUSIES. EXTENT AND GROWTH OF RIO. POPULATION. PROVISIONS. CLIMATE. HEALTH. The first land, which is generally seen on approaching the coast of Brazil from Europe, is Cape Frio; a lofty promontory, giving its name to the adjoining district, and about seventy miles from Rio de Janeiro. To the East of it lies the bay of Papagayos, which furnishes a tolerably fair
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a fleet to act upon Monte Video, in conjunction with the army; the town was taken, given to Artigas, and proclaimed its independence. After this object had been attained, Artigas with his army, consisting chiefly of irregular militia cavalry, moved Northward, pressing hard upon the whole frontier of Rio Grand , and gained some considerable advantages over the Portuguese troops during the years 1814-15. Reinforcements were sent down from the provinces of Rio de Janeiro, from St. Paul's, and St
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CHAPTER III. JOURNEY FROM RIO DE JANEIRO TO CAPE FRIO. Praya Grande St. Gonzalves River Guajintibo Serra de Inua Lake and Freguesia de Marica Gurapina Ponta Negra Sagoarema Lake Araruama St. Pedro dos Indios Cape Frio. AFTER we had made the final arrangements at St. Christopher, a small town in the neighbourhood of Rio, our beasts were put on board a large bark. It occasioned us infinite trouble before we could induce these proverbially obstinate animals to leap into the vessel, but having at
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farther inquiry into the subject. He, who here marks his wish to promote such investigation, is ignorant of the systems of Geology, and professes no more than to see with his own eyes, and from what he sees to form his own deductions. The journey from St. Pedro to Rio de Janeiro was broken off at the Tramendah , which river, or rather the Mambi ba, the father of the line, is the boundary between Rio Grand and the province of St. Catherine. Here the passports and luggage are examined, and the
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about West by North, decreased our elevation seven hundred feet, and completed two hundred and sixty-five miles from Rio de Janeiro. [page 453
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of the winged inhabitants of this district which appeared to me observable, is similar to the bird of the same name at Rio de Janeiro, only that the plumage is more vivid, and the bill of a fine straw colour. When viewed in different positions with respect to the light, the plumage of the Taniaz appears green, blue, or brown; and the colours are somewhat lighter on the belly, and under the wings, than in other parts; in shape and size it resembles a Sparrow, The Guar sa, or Gar sha Grand , is
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Rio de Janeiro, the mouth of the Paraiba, the Espirito Santo, the Rio Doce, the Rio Grande de Belmonte, and the Rio Pardo, have been left as they were, since it is to be presumed that the mouths of these more considerable rivers have been accurately determined upon astronomical principles. On the other hand I have endeavoured to correct the positions of all the smaller streams and places lying between them, according to the number of leagues which they are distant from each other. Hence
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some connection with Foreigners, and invites a greater degree of notice. Rio de Janeiro, however, not only wishes to monopolize this trade, but is rightly jealous of separate interests and independent views. The Coasting Trade of Brazil; to the North of Rio, will likewise be advantageously divided into districts. Those of Cape Frio and Campos properly belong to Rio de Janeiro, and furnish no communication with the interior beyond their own boundaries. Espirito Santo is precisely in the same
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PEOPLE. MONTE VIDEO. OTHER TOWNS. HERDS. RIVERS. THE Market of Rio de Janeiro being greatly overstocked, British Merchants soon began to look out for a distant and more extensive sphere of operation. Together with others in similar circumstances, my views were turned towards the Southern Coast, and ultimately to the Plata; accordingly arrangements were made for proceeding to Santos, St.Catharine's, and Rio Grand , and, should it prove necessary, to Monte Video, and Buenos Ayres. The first Fleet
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CHAPTER IX. JOURNIES FROM RIO DE JANEIRO WESTWARD. A. D. 1813. CAATUMBI'. ENSIGN OF THE HOLY GHOST. ROYAL PALACE. CAMPINHOS. SWEDISH MINERS. LAMERO'N. SANTA CRUZ. SEPETl'VA. PLUMED SUCCOO. ANGRA. INDIAN VILLAGE. PARAHYBA. TAGUAHY. JESUITS. ATTEMPT TO CULTIVATE INDIGO. GUARATl'VA. JACABE'-PUA. BEIRA DO LAPA. BAY OP BOTA FOGA. ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD. LAGOA DO FREITAS. BOTANIC GARDEN; GEOLOGICAL CONJECTURE. GAVIA. TEJU'CA. PAVU'NA. FARM OF AN ENGLISHMAN. GRANTS. MORADORES. OTHER TENANTS. LAWS
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