A560    Beagle Library:     Spix, Johann Baptist von and Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von. 1824. Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820. 2 vols. [Two volumes in one] London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green.   Text

famine, the system of slavery practised with increased cruelty, similar contagious diseases returning from time to time, and the destructive germs of other disorders, which came in the train of the foreign settlers, were powerful causes to extirpate the population of these countries, which was never considerable. Excursions against the Indians, who roam about in the north-western part of the capitania, to make slaves of them for the service of the fazendas are now strictly prohibited by the

CUL-DAR242    Note:    1824--1896   Emma Darwin's diary   Text

– 0 Emily 1 – 2 – 0 [Printed January 1854] Duvé 37 Maddox Regent St Music Rapt. Jan. Qual. an. 2/ [Pensei Silas] 3/ Nocturne Ravina 2/ [Printed February 1854] Australian notes Hewitts. Lord Carlisles Diary English prisoners in Russia English woman in Russia A month before Sebastopol [Printed March 1854] Grace Greenwood's Tour in Europe [Printed June 1854] John Crockford Pub. of Critic will receive . P.O. orders Twofold slavery of N.A Marshall Hall Joan of Arc Ld Mahon Mc Doner Abbot [Printed July

A732.03    Beagle Library:     Stevenson, William Bennet. 1825. A historical and descriptive narrative of twenty years' residence in South America: containing the travels in Arauco, Chile, Peru, and Colombia; with an account of the revolution, its rise, progress, and results. 3 vols. London: Hurst, Robinson & Co. vol. 3.   Text

That America does not belong to the territory of Spain is a principle of natural, and a law of positive right. No title just or unjust which exists of American slavery can belong to the Spaniards of Europe, and all the liberality of Alexander VI. could only declare the Austrian kings promoters of the faith, in order to find out for them a preternatural right by which to make them lords of America. Neither the pre-eminence of the parent state, nor the prerogative of the mother country, could at

A332.1    Beagle Library:     Caldcleugh, Alexander. 1825. Travels in South America, during the years 1819 - 20 - 21: containing an account of the present state of Brazil, Buenos Ayres, and Chile. 2 vols. London: John Murray. vol. 1.   Text   Image

collect, I think the truth is somewhere about what has been stated above. The amount of Indian population it is not so easy to ascertain, from the wandering nature of the tribes, their hostility to the Portuguese, the fear of taxation or slavery, and the hidden nature of their retreats. As late as 1821, two new tribes were discovered to the north-east of the Minas Novas, speaking a language perfectly distinct and unknown to the others. The population of the capital has been variously stated. From

A332.1    Beagle Library:     Caldcleugh, Alexander. 1825. Travels in South America, during the years 1819 - 20 - 21: containing an account of the present state of Brazil, Buenos Ayres, and Chile. 2 vols. London: John Murray. vol. 1.   Text   Image

, united to the indefatigable industry of the Jesuits, ameliorated considerably their condition. During the residence of the Court, a decree was promulgated, which permitted a slavery of ten years to the Portuguese possessor of an Indian. This measure has again checked the intercourse between many of the tribes, and set others at war, in order to carry off the children to the Brazilian cultivator. It is to be hoped that the great abuses on this head will be soon remedied. The wandering habits of the

A332.2    Beagle Library:     Caldcleugh, Alexander. 1825. Travels in South America, during the years 1819 - 20 - 21: containing an account of the present state of Brazil, Buenos Ayres, and Chile. 2 vols. London: John Murray. vol. 2.   Text   Image

means for the gradual abolition of Negro slavery. Secondly, all the elections are indirect, which arrangement naturally offers greater opportunities for corrupt practices. I believe on this subject, however, that the advantages of forming a part of the legislative power are not yet sufficiently [page]

A732.01    Beagle Library:     Stevenson, William Bennet. 1825. A historical and descriptive narrative of twenty years' residence in South America: containing the travels in Arauco, Chile, Peru, and Colombia; with an account of the revolution, its rise, progress, and results. 3 vols. London: Hurst, Robinson & Co.   Text

master can object to selling his slave, unless he prove by law that he has been cruelly treated, which is very difficult, or next to impossible, the cofradias raise a fund by contributions, and free the slave, to which the master cannot object; but this slave now becomes tacitly the slave of the cofradia, and must return by instalments the money paid for his manumission. I shall not attempt to defend all the actions of the Africans in a state of slavery; but I must say, that when they are treated

A732.02    Beagle Library:     Stevenson, William Bennet. 1825. A historical and descriptive narrative of twenty years' residence in South America: containing the travels in Arauco, Chile, Peru, and Colombia; with an account of the revolution, its rise, progress, and results. 3 vols. London: Hurst, Robinson & Co. vol. 2.   Text

confess, that the preachers of the gospel of Jesus Christ have sold to them the title of Christianity at too usurious a price; they have been taught religion by precept, and vice by example; promised liberty in theory, and received slavery in reality; protection, prosperity, and tranquillity were pictured to [page] 7

A732.03    Beagle Library:     Stevenson, William Bennet. 1825. A historical and descriptive narrative of twenty years' residence in South America: containing the travels in Arauco, Chile, Peru, and Colombia; with an account of the revolution, its rise, progress, and results. 3 vols. London: Hurst, Robinson & Co. vol. 3.   Text

of the enemies of America, in order to support the slavery of their own country. Notwithstanding the vigilance of the tyrants, all saw the very interior of Spain, where they beheld nothing but disorder, corruption, factions, misfortunes, defeats, treacheries, dispersed armies, whole provinces in the hands of the enemy and their disciplined troops, and at the head of all a weak and tumultuary government formed out of such rare elements. Dismay was the general and uniform impression observed in

A732.03    Beagle Library:     Stevenson, William Bennet. 1825. A historical and descriptive narrative of twenty years' residence in South America: containing the travels in Arauco, Chile, Peru, and Colombia; with an account of the revolution, its rise, progress, and results. 3 vols. London: Hurst, Robinson & Co. vol. 3.   Text

granted to them by their masters. Under so liberal a calculation the regency was desirous of keeping up the illusion, to pay us with words, promises, and inscriptions for our long slavery, and for the blood and treasure we had expended in Spain. We were fully aware how little we had to expect from the policy and intrusive agents of Ferdinand, we were not ignorant that if we were not to be dependent on viceroys, ministers, and governors, with greater reason we could not be subject to a king, a captive

A732.03    Beagle Library:     Stevenson, William Bennet. 1825. A historical and descriptive narrative of twenty years' residence in South America: containing the travels in Arauco, Chile, Peru, and Colombia; with an account of the revolution, its rise, progress, and results. 3 vols. London: Hurst, Robinson & Co. vol. 3.   Text

for his pseudo-representatives the treasures, submission, and slavery of America; and Ferdinand seduced, deceived, and prostituted to the designs of the emperor of the French, is now the last resource to which they fly to extinguish the flames of liberty which Venezuela had kindled in the south continent. We have discovered and published the true spirit of the manifest in question, reduced to the following reasoning, which may be considered as an exact commentary: ' America is threatened with

A732.03    Beagle Library:     Stevenson, William Bennet. 1825. A historical and descriptive narrative of twenty years' residence in South America: containing the travels in Arauco, Chile, Peru, and Colombia; with an account of the revolution, its rise, progress, and results. 3 vols. London: Hurst, Robinson & Co. vol. 3.   Text

to the manifest of the minister Azanza, published after the transactions of Bayonne, and the secret memoirs of Maria Luisa; but decency is the guide of our conduct, to which we are ready to sacrifice even our reason. Sufficient has already been alleged to prove the justice, necessity, and utility of our resolution, for the support of which, nothing is wanting but the examples by which we will strive to justify our independence. It were necessary for the partizans of slavery in the new world

A732.03    Beagle Library:     Stevenson, William Bennet. 1825. A historical and descriptive narrative of twenty years' residence in South America: containing the travels in Arauco, Chile, Peru, and Colombia; with an account of the revolution, its rise, progress, and results. 3 vols. London: Hurst, Robinson & Co. vol. 3.   Text

reducing of Peru to the most degrading slavery, that of obeying his capricious will, the means to make us happy or even himself Foreigners also began to suffer all kinds of vexations and pilferings, with his carta de morada (letter of residence), without considering [page] 45

A816    Beagle Library:     Nuñez, Ignacio Benito. 1825. An account, historical, political, and statistical, of the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata: with an appendix concerning the usurpation of Monte Video by the Portuguese and Brazilian governments. London: R. Ackerman.   Text

intention to prejudice the properties of the said inhabitants, nor to attract a population, of whose presence it is nowise desirous, and which would rather be kept aloof from this soil, than attracted to it by the prohibition of the introduction of slavery. (Signed) THE GOVERNMENT. To the Most Excellent Lord Viscount Strangford, Minister of his Britannic Majesty in Janeiro. Buenos Ayres, 28th December 1813. The decree which occasioned these remonstrances was considered anew by the General Assembly

A545.1    Book:     Malthus, Thomas. 1826. An essay on the principle of population; or, a view of its past and present effects on human happiness; with an inquiry into our prospects respecting the future removal or mitigation of the evils which it occassions. London: John Murray. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

close and unwholesome ergastula, or dungeons,* it is probable that the positive checks to population from disease were also severe, and that when epidemics prevailed, they would be most destructive in this part of the society. The unfavourableness of slavery to the propagation of the species in the country where it prevails, is not however decisive of the question respecting the absolute population of such a country, or the greater question respecting the populousness of ancient and modern

A545.1    Book:     Malthus, Thomas. 1826. An essay on the principle of population; or, a view of its past and present effects on human happiness; with an inquiry into our prospects respecting the future removal or mitigation of the evils which it occassions. London: John Murray. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

numbers from incessant war, and the checks to increase from vice and other causes, it appears that the population is continually pressing against the limits of the means of subsistence. According to Park, scarce years and famines are frequent. Among the four principal causes of slavery in Africa, he mentions famine next to war;* and the express permission given to masters to sell their domestic slaves for the support of their family, which they are not allowed to do on any less urgent occasion

A545.2    Book:     Malthus, Thomas. 1826. An essay on the principle of population; or, a view of its past and present effects on human happiness; with an inquiry into our prospects respecting the future removal or mitigation of the evils which it occassions. London: John Murray. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

an adequate demand at home for the surplus produce of the soil, or of accumulating fresh capital and increasing the demand for labour. In this miserable state of things, the best remedy would unquestionably be the introduction of manufactures and commerce; because the introduction of manufactures and commerce could alone liberate the mass of the people from slavery and give the necessary stimulus to industry and accumulation. But were the people already free and industrious, and landed property

A752    Beagle Library:     Byron, George Anson. 1826. Voyage of H.M.S. Blonde to the Sandwich Islands, in the years 1824-1825. London: John Murray.   Text

equal dealing of justice to noble and peasant alike. This seemed to make a great impression on the chief. While this conversation was going on, and while Nahi acknowledged that it was an excellent thing that the kanakas and erees should be equal by the laws, he had a favourite kanaka rubbing his back, and others waiting round him in the servility of actual slavery: in some cases the kanakas approach the erees on their knees. Alas! it is only by slow degrees that human creatures are improved

A545.1    Book:     Malthus, Thomas. 1826. An essay on the principle of population; or, a view of its past and present effects on human happiness; with an inquiry into our prospects respecting the future removal or mitigation of the evils which it occassions. London: John Murray. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

better than a beast of burden. While the man passes his days in idleness or amusement, the woman is condemned to incessant toil. Tasks are imposed upon her without mercy, and services are received without complacence or gratitude. There are some districts in America where this state of degradation has been so severely felt, that mothers have destroyed their female infants, to deliver them at once from a life in which they were doomed to such a miserable slavery. This state of depression and constant

A545.1    Book:     Malthus, Thomas. 1826. An essay on the principle of population; or, a view of its past and present effects on human happiness; with an inquiry into our prospects respecting the future removal or mitigation of the evils which it occassions. London: John Murray. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

, if it can only be done by the sacrifice of some of the best and most useful feelings of the human heart in a great part of the nation. On the supposition that foundling hospitals attained their proposed end, the state of slavery in Russia would perhaps render them more justifiable in that country than in any other; because every child brought up at the foundling hospitals becomes a free citizen, and in this capacity is likely to be more useful to the state than if it had merely increased the

A545.2    Book:     Malthus, Thomas. 1826. An essay on the principle of population; or, a view of its past and present effects on human happiness; with an inquiry into our prospects respecting the future removal or mitigation of the evils which it occassions. London: John Murray. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

subsistence. In the West-India islands a constant recruit of labouring negroes is necessary; and consequently the immediately checks to population must operate with excessive and unusual force. All the checks to population were found resolvable into moral restraint, vice and misery. In a state of slavery moral restraint cannot have much influence, nor in any state will it ever continue permanently to diminish the population. The whole effect, therefore, is to be attributed to the excessive and

A761.15    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 15: Insecta (2).   Text

nourish and protect the amazons, at all their ages. This institution of Nature, however, cannot be adduced as an argument or sanction for the existence of slavery among men. The barbarous cupidity which tears the Lybian from his country and his home, to subject him to a life of cruel and thankless servitude, can find neither advocation nor analogy in any of the laws of Nature. Although transplanted to a foreign soil, our auxiliary ants experience neither slavery nor oppression; they enjoy liberty

A761.01    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 1: Mammalia (1)   Text

surround them, so are they likewise in some measure capable of reeeiving an artificial one from the hands of man. In fact, they are sometimes to be seen in public places, amusing the people by such exercises as are performed at the command of their masters. But they submit to this kind of slavery only during the period of their youth. In maturity they not only refuse all true obedience, but most frequently lose all the docility they had acquired, and resume their natural ferocity. The Cynocephala

A761.04    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 4: Mammalia (4)   Text

of their feet; among the latter, that additional pouch or large fold in the paunch, serving as a reservoir for water, and the structure of the urinary apparatus, which renders them retromingent: but the presence or absence of the hunch or hunches on the back, and the callosities on the sternum and joints may be questioned, some eminent naturalists having even asserted, that they were not natural but accidental characters, the result of long subjection and absolute slavery. Notwithstanding the

A761.06    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 6: Aves (1).   Text

that this natural and amiable sentiment is not the result of any mechanical connexion of ideas and sensations but of a law altogether divine. The swallow precipitating itself into an edifice in flames to rescue its young; the hen which hesitates not to brave death in defence of her chickens; the timid lark presenting herself to the fowler to divert him from her nest; the little colibris which prefer an eternal slavery with their offspring to liberty without them; in fine all these touching