A727    Beagle Library:     Helms, Anton Zacharias. 1807. Travels from Buenos Ayres, by Potosi, to Lima. London: Printed for R. Phillips.   Text

is in December, January, February, and March. About 60 miles from the capital is the great mine of Kempu; and in the valley called Blanche, they breed silk-worms. At the mountain of Delcurato de Colina there are thirty-four gold mines, at which people work every day; and the province also contains some mines of copper and tin, three of silver, and one of lead. At Monte-Negro there has lately been discovered a quarry of jasper. Vancouver asserts, that the soil, from Valparayso to Saint Jago, is

A854.01    Beagle Library:     Southey, Robert. 1810-19. History of Brazil. 3 vols. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme. Volume 1.   Text

. 4. The under lip slit, p. 11.] Vancouver was much struck with this fashion of a supplementary mouth, which he found in Restoration Bay, on the West coast of America, with some additional ornaments. A horizontal incision, he says, is made about three tenths of an inch below the upper part of the under lip, extending from one corner of the mouth to the other, entirely through the flesh; this orifice is then by degrees stretched sufficiently to admit an ornament made of wood, which is confined

A787.02    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1811. Political essay on the kingdom of New Spain. 2 vols. John Black, trans. New York: I. Riley. vol. 2.   Text

ascertained that the Strait of Fuca was merely an arm of the sea, which separates an island of more than 1700 square leagues*, that of Quadra and Vancouver from the mountainous coast of New Georgia. * The extent of the island of Quadra and Vancouver, calculated according to the maps of Vancouver, is 1730 square leagues of 25 to the sexagesimal degree. It is the larges island to be found oa this west coast of America. [page] 38

A787.02    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1811. Political essay on the kingdom of New Spain. 2 vols. John Black, trans. New York: I. Riley. vol. 2.   Text

In 1797 the Spanish government gave orders that the charts drawn up in the course of the expedition of MM. Galiano and Valdes should be published, in order that they might be in the hands of the public before those of Vancouver. However the publication did not take place till 1802; and geographers now possess the advantage of being able to compare together the charts of [page] 38

A787.01    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1811. Political essay on the kingdom of New Spain. 2 vols. John Black, trans. New York: I. Riley. vol. 1.   Text

Malaspina, determined chronometrically the difference of longitude between Acapulco, S. Blas, Cape S. Lucas, and Monterey. In adopting the more eastern position of the latter port, that is to say, what is given by Vancouver, the geographer is uncertain as to the situation of the southern coast. To avoid this difficulty, I have followed Malaspina in placing Monterey at 36 35 45 of latitude, and 124 23 45 of longitude.* La Peyrouse found the longitude by lunar distances 123 34 0 , by the

A787.02    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1811. Political essay on the kingdom of New Spain. 2 vols. John Black, trans. New York: I. Riley. vol. 2.   Text

Littlewater, we find no Russian establishment; but the natives have a great number of huts collected together on the shore between the 63 20' and 60 5' of latitude. The most northern of their habitations are Agibaniach and Chalmiagmi, and the most southern Kuynegach and Kuymin. The bay of Bristol, to the north of the peninsula Alaska (or Aliaska) is called by the Russians the gulf Kamischezkaia. They in general preserve none of the English names given by Captain Cook, and Captain Vancouver, in

A787.02    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1811. Political essay on the kingdom of New Spain. 2 vols. John Black, trans. New York: I. Riley. vol. 2.   Text

of the English, and Tchinkitan , bay of Marchand), on the charts published at Petersbourg in the imperial dep t in 1802, and on the charts of Vancouver. The most southern Russian establishment of this district of the Koliugi is a small fortress (crapost) in the bay of Jakutal, at the foot of the Cordillera Which connects Mount Fairweather with Mont St. Elie. near Port Mulgrave, under the 59 27' of latitude. The proximity of mountains covered with eternal snow, and the great breadth of the

A787.02    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1811. Political essay on the kingdom of New Spain. 2 vols. John Black, trans. New York: I. Riley. vol. 2.   Text

Vancouver we know to belong to the west coast of the great island of the archipelago of the Prince of Wales. This port is surrounded by seven volcanos, of which the summits, covered with perpetual snow, throw up flames and ashes. M. Quadra found there a great number of dogs which the Indians use for hunting. I possess two very curious small maps* engraved in 1788, in the city of Mexico, * Carta geografica de la costa occidental de la California, situada al Norte de la linea sobre el mar asiatico

A787.01    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1811. Political essay on the kingdom of New Spain. 2 vols. John Black, trans. New York: I. Riley. vol. 1.   Text

, two days successively, 32 44 . Father Font found there, in 1775, 32 47 . The former asserts also, that from a simple consideration of the road followed by him, that is to say, a consideration of the rhombs and distances, it is impossible that the junctions can be at 35 of latitude. The positions which Father Font assigned in 1777 to the missions of Monterey, S. Diego, and S. Francisco, and which differ but a few minutes from the result of Vancouver and Malaspina's observations, would seem to

A787.02    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1811. Political essay on the kingdom of New Spain. 2 vols. John Black, trans. New York: I. Riley. vol. 2.   Text

was only by the destruction of the establishment founded at the island of Quadra and of Vancouver that Macuina, the Tays or prince of Nootka, was enabled to preserve his independence. Several nations of Europe have frequented these latitudes since 1786, for the sake of. the trade in sea otter skins; but their rivalry has had the most disadvantageous consequences both for themselves and the natives of the country. The price of the skins as they rose on the coast of America fell enormously in

A787.02    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1811. Political essay on the kingdom of New Spain. 2 vols. John Black, trans. New York: I. Riley. vol. 2.   Text

We must not confound this entry or river of Aguilar, which could not be found again in our times, with the mouth of the Rio Columbia (latitude 46 15') celebrated from the voyages of Vancouver, Gray, and Captain Lewis. The brilliant epoqua of the discoveries made anciently by the Spaniards on the north-west coast of America ended with Gali and Viscayno. The history of the navigations of the 18th century, and the first half of the 18th, offers us no expedition directed from the coast of Mexico

A787.02    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1811. Political essay on the kingdom of New Spain. 2 vols. John Black, trans. New York: I. Riley. vol. 2.   Text

was only afterwards examined by the intrepid Vancouver. Under the 60 54' of latitude, at the northern extremity of Prince Williams Sound, * See my Recueil d'Observations Astronomiques, vol. i. liv. i. [page] 37

A787.02    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1811. Political essay on the kingdom of New Spain. 2 vols. John Black, trans. New York: I. Riley. vol. 2.   Text

, of Banks (or de la Calamidad) and of Aristizabal, and the great inlet of Monino, the mouth of which is opposite the archipelago of Pitt. The considerable number of Spanish denominations preserved by Vancouver in his charts proves that the expeditions, of which we have given a summary account, contributed in no small degree to our knowledge of a coast, which, from the 45 of latitude to Cape Douglas to the east of Cook's [page] 38

A787.01    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1811. Political essay on the kingdom of New Spain. 2 vols. John Black, trans. New York: I. Riley. vol. 1.   Text

alteration in the inhabitants related by Vancouver, must have contributed in no small degree to the decline. This navigator, as is well known, twice visited the island. In the first voyage when he accompanied Cook, the beauty of the inhabitants, particularly the females, was universally remarked; but in the last voyage, in which were several of those who had been, as well as Vancouver, of the former, they all agreed that the appearance of the people was totally changed, and they did not discover a single

A787.01    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1811. Political essay on the kingdom of New Spain. 2 vols. John Black, trans. New York: I. Riley. vol. 1.   Text

Perotte, and the Pic d'Orizaba. M. Ferrer, for instance, places the latter at 90 48 23 of west longitude from Cadiz, while from the same meridian he fixes Vera Cruz at 98 41 45 . OLD AND NEW CALIFORNIA. PROVINCIAS INTERNAS. The north-west part of New Spain, the coast of California, and of what the English call New Albion, contain many points determined by the most exact geod sical and astronomical operations of Quadra, Galeano, and Vancouver. Few European charts are better established than those of

A787.01    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1811. Political essay on the kingdom of New Spain. 2 vols. John Black, trans. New York: I. Riley. vol. 1.   Text

Vancouver and Malaspina. Isla S. Salvador, (south point) 32 43 0 120 50 15 8 3 21 Expedition of Malaspina. [page] c

A787.02    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1811. Political essay on the kingdom of New Spain. 2 vols. John Black, trans. New York: I. Riley. vol. 2.   Text

ful shrub which bears the name of Linneus was only discovered by the gardeners in Vancouver's expedition in higher latitudes. John Mears, and a Spanish officer in particular, Don Pedro Alberoni, succeeded at Nootka in the cultivation of all the European vegetables; but the maize and wheat, however, never yielded ripe grain. A too great luxuriance of vegetation appears to be the cause of this phenomenon. The true humming-bird has been observed in the islands of Quadra and Vancouver. This

A787.01    Beagle Library:     Humboldt, Alexander von. 1811. Political essay on the kingdom of New Spain. 2 vols. John Black, trans. New York: I. Riley. vol. 1.   Text

same with the river of Colombia. The first of these rivers discharges itself into the Northern Ocean, after having mingled its waters with those of the Slave Lake, and the river Mackenzie. The second river, Colombia, enters the Pacific Ocean, near Cape Disappointment, to the south of Nootka Sound, according to the celebrated voyager, Vancouver, under the 46 19 of latitude. The Cordillera, or chain of the Stony Mountains, abounding in coal, was found by M. Fiedler to be elevated in some places 3

A774.01    Beagle Library:     Flinders, Matthew. 1814. A voyage to Terra Australis undertaken for the purpose of completing the discovery of that vast country, and prosecuted in the years 1801, 1802, and 1805 in His Majesty's ship the Investigator. 2 vols. London: G. and W. Nicol. vol. 1.   Text

VANCOUVER. 1791. not numerous. Amongst the aquatic birds, black swans and wild ducks held a distinguished place; but, like the land animals, were very shy: sea and shell fish were in tolerable abundance. None of the inhabitants were seen; but from the appearance of their deserted huts, they were judged to be the same miserable race as those of the North-west and East Coasts. No marks of canoes, nor the remains of fish, even shell fish, were found near their habitations; and this circumstance

A774.01    Beagle Library:     Flinders, Matthew. 1814. A voyage to Terra Australis undertaken for the purpose of completing the discovery of that vast country, and prosecuted in the years 1801, 1802, and 1805 in His Majesty's ship the Investigator. 2 vols. London: G. and W. Nicol. vol. 1.   Text

, as was probable, the windings of the shore were included, and a deduction made of one-sixth to one-seventh in the distance, then the Isles of St. Francis and St. Peter might be expected to be found between the 132nd and 133rd degrees of east longitude. VANCOUVER. 1791. WITH the exception of Mons. de St. Alouarn, who is said to have anchored near Cape Leeuwin in 1772, the south coast of Terra Australis, though occupying much attention from geographers, seems to have been left unvisited from 1627

A774.01    Beagle Library:     Flinders, Matthew. 1814. A voyage to Terra Australis undertaken for the purpose of completing the discovery of that vast country, and prosecuted in the years 1801, 1802, and 1805 in His Majesty's ship the Investigator. 2 vols. London: G. and W. Nicol. vol. 1.   Text

north and east-south-east. We did not observe any beach at the head of the bay, perhaps from having passed at too great a distance. No observations could be taken for fixing the situation of this island; but in 1795, Mr. Crosley and myself made the high land near the south-west point to lie in 17 00 north, and by uncorrected lunar observations, in 25 12 west; which agrees well with the position of the north-west point, as given by captain Vancouver.* The variation from azimuth on the evening of

A774.01    Beagle Library:     Flinders, Matthew. 1814. A voyage to Terra Australis undertaken for the purpose of completing the discovery of that vast country, and prosecuted in the years 1801, 1802, and 1805 in His Majesty's ship the Investigator. 2 vols. London: G. and W. Nicol. vol. 1.   Text

killing a few seals upon the shore, we ascended the hill to search for the bottle and parchment left by captain Vancouver in 1791;* but could find no vestiges either of it or of the staff or pile of stones; and since there was no appearance of the natives having crossed over from the main, I was led to suspect that a second ship had been here before us. At Point Possession, on the south side of the entrance to Princess-Royal Harbour, we had a good view of that extensive piece of water. Wood seemed not

A774.01    Beagle Library:     Flinders, Matthew. 1814. A voyage to Terra Australis undertaken for the purpose of completing the discovery of that vast country, and prosecuted in the years 1801, 1802, and 1805 in His Majesty's ship the Investigator. 2 vols. London: G. and W. Nicol. vol. 1.   Text

PRIOR DISCOVERIES IN TERRA AUSTRALIS. SECTION III. SOUTH COAST. Discovery of Nuyts. Examination of Vancouver; of D'Entrecasteaux. Conclusive Remarks. NUYTS. 1627. (Atl. I.) No historical fact seems to be less disputed, than that the South Coast of New Holland was first discovered in January 1627: whether it were the 26th, according to De Hondt, or the 16th, as is expressed on Thevenot's charts is of very little import. It is generally said, that the ship was commanded by PIETER NUYTS; but as

A774.01    Beagle Library:     Flinders, Matthew. 1814. A voyage to Terra Australis undertaken for the purpose of completing the discovery of that vast country, and prosecuted in the years 1801, 1802, and 1805 in His Majesty's ship the Investigator. 2 vols. London: G. and W. Nicol. vol. 1.   Text

D'ENTERECASTEAUX. 1792 on Dec. 5, 1792, about twenty-eight leagues to the north-west of Cape Chatham.* The coast, from the South-west Cape to the longitude of Termination Island, was explored by the admiral, with all the minuteness that the state of the weather could permit; and he was, generally, able to keep the shore closer abord than captain Vancouver had done, and to supply the deficiencies in his chart. The broken land to the north of Termination Island was found to be conformable to

A774.01    Beagle Library:     Flinders, Matthew. 1814. A voyage to Terra Australis undertaken for the purpose of completing the discovery of that vast country, and prosecuted in the years 1801, 1802, and 1805 in His Majesty's ship the Investigator. 2 vols. London: G. and W. Nicol. vol. 1.   Text

the north-west for the land. At day light, the ship was found to have been carried to the eastward, and neither Point D'Entrecasteaux nor the two white rocks were in sight; but in the N. 19 E., about eight miles, was a head not far from the extreme set in the evening. It afterwards proved to be a smooth, steep rock, lying one mile from the main; and is the land first made upon this coast by captain Vancouver, [page] 5