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A832
Beagle Library:
Turner, Sharon. 1832. The sacred history of the world, as displayed in the Creation and subsequent events to the Deluge, attempted to be philosophically considered in a series of letters to a son. Volume 1. 2nd ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman.
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Wilson and Audebon, the American Ornithologists, is now enlarging and completing it.25 Of all the vertebrated or superior animals, Birds seem to have the shortest lives; yet some kinds out-live by far the age of man.26 But those most familiar to us, and the greater number of all the genera, resemble in their duration that of our domesticated animals.27 Their feathers are highly electrical. The food of the larger number is chiefly seeds, worms and insects, and sometimes they use earth and
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A832
Beagle Library:
Turner, Sharon. 1832. The sacred history of the world, as displayed in the Creation and subsequent events to the Deluge, attempted to be philosophically considered in a series of letters to a son. Volume 1. 2nd ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman.
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, and small birds;11 and the Bats seek moths, gnats, and nocturnal insects. Some of the Bruta consume insects and worms;12 but the great body, 8 In three weeks, Buffon caught, on 16 acres, 1,360 Moles; and a Dutch farmer, in 1742, between 5 and 6,000. In 1749, the State of Pennsylvania paid for the killing in it of 640,000 Squirrels; and at Gotha, in one year, 80,000 Hamster Itats were killed and paid for. Bing. An. Bing. 1, p. 302; 2, p. 31-9 . In the Isle de France, in 1826, the Sugar Cane being
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A832
Beagle Library:
Turner, Sharon. 1832. The sacred history of the world, as displayed in the Creation and subsequent events to the Deluge, attempted to be philosophically considered in a series of letters to a son. Volume 1. 2nd ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman.
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double use in their existence: their own enjoyment; and the benefit at their death, to those of their own order, and to the birds and reptiles, worms and insects, that have been appointed to derive nutrition from their substance. All the kingdoms of 10 The Matros, or Wild Cotton Tree, affords an instance of the connexion by which the various parts of nature are linked together. It grows in Cuba to a height of 100 feet, of which, for the first 65 feet of its elevation, the whole trunk, which is
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A832
Beagle Library:
Turner, Sharon. 1832. The sacred history of the world, as displayed in the Creation and subsequent events to the Deluge, attempted to be philosophically considered in a series of letters to a son. Volume 1. 2nd ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman.
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and elasticity. They are most abundant in warm and temperate regions; but increase in size and numbers in proportion to the heat and moisture, and to the freedom of their range. They have less blood than quadrupeds, and a lower animal heat and less interior activity of system; and in these respects they come nearer to the formation of the insects and worms.7 They are more animated in times of tempest and hurricane, when the electricity of the atmosphere is in the greatest perturbation.8 Their
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A832
Beagle Library:
Turner, Sharon. 1832. The sacred history of the world, as displayed in the Creation and subsequent events to the Deluge, attempted to be philosophically considered in a series of letters to a son. Volume 1. 2nd ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman.
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their nourishment. Shaw, Gen. Zool. Penn. Brit. Zool. v. 3, p. 374. 28 A farmer near Pontypool, had a Trout 27 years in his well. His family become fond of it, and would frequently eat worms out of the children's hands, but if a stranger came, it would hide in a small hole for the rest of the day. Heref. Journ. 3 Sept. 1828. 29 A Pike, in a pond at Ely, became so tame as to follow the waving of a handkerchief to any part of the pond. 30 Kerr's Linn. 124. 31 That Salmon should remember the spot
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A832
Beagle Library:
Turner, Sharon. 1832. The sacred history of the world, as displayed in the Creation and subsequent events to the Deluge, attempted to be philosophically considered in a series of letters to a son. Volume 1. 2nd ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman.
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considerable size when first noticed. It came forth from its hole every evening, immediatly on observing the candle, waiting deliberatly to be lifted up and carried to a table within the house, where it was fed with insects, flies and millipeds. It particularly preferred maggots or small worms. It watched these with great eagerness, and, having measured the distance with its eyes, it darted out its long tongue, which brought back the animal to it.' La Cep. p. 291, 2. Pennant's Brit. Zool. It lived 36
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F2114
Periodical contribution:
Porter, Duncan M. 1999. Charles Darwin's Chilean plant collections. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 72: 181-200.
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unidentified, and black currants tree is Ribes magellanicum Poir. (Grossulariaceae). Darwin's description of vegetation in southern Tierra del Fuego is similar to what he was to write later in the closing paragraph of The Origin of Species (Darwin 1859 p. 498): It is interesting to contemplate an entangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the damp earth, and to reflect that these
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A747
Beagle Library:
British Association for the Advancement of Science. 1833. Report of the first and second meetings, at York in 1831 and at Oxford in 1832, including its proceedings, recommendations, and transactions. London: John Murray.
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is detailed in 'A speech, touching the recovering of drowned mineral works, prepared for the parliament by the Viscount of St. Albans, then Lord High Chancellor of England.' For that end he would have proposed, by legislative enactment, 'to bring those deserted mineral riches into use by the assiduous labours of felons and the industry of converted penitents, whose wretched carcasses the impartial laws have dedicated, or shall dedicate, as untimely feasts to the worms of the earth.' 'By this
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I noticed The sand reposes on layers of the mortar ( Salina above gravel bed) In this black mud crystals ([Madre] del Sal) of Gypsum quite thick together in groups including sand clearly formed under present circumstances. Great evaporating dish slow cooccurrence of gypsum salt curious The whole plain with prickly bushes and near Salinas (far more salt than sea) sea plants like those at B Blanca Flamingoes (Include this in note) traces of worms. bodies preserved [in] small rodenta even in this
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A817.1
Beagle Library:
Owen, William Fitz William. 1833. Narrative of voyages to explore the shores of Africa, Arabia, and Madagascar; performed in H.M. Ships Leven and Barracouta. 2 vols. London: Richard Bentley. Volume 1.
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their groans, unfeelingly left in lingering misery beneath a burning sun. If any survived these varied cruelties, they were few, as the greatest proportion died in prison; one, however, was seen shortly after death had closed his sufferings, with his back dreadfully lacerated and in a state of mortification, while worms and flies were carousing upon the mangled flesh. At this period there existed a political commotion amongst the natives of the Temby side, inconsequence of an attempt at usurpation
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A817.1
Beagle Library:
Owen, William Fitz William. 1833. Narrative of voyages to explore the shores of Africa, Arabia, and Madagascar; performed in H.M. Ships Leven and Barracouta. 2 vols. London: Richard Bentley. Volume 1.
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. On either side, as they proceeded, they found the shores rise gradually from an extensive muddy flat and low land to a high boundary, covered with large bushes, and, in some parts, a full-grown tree towering above them. A great variety of birds, feeding on worms and shell-fish, were seen on the mud-flat, the shore of which was covered with mangrove trees, even far below the high-water mark. The water was salt and discoloured by mud, although its depth was G 2 [page] 8
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A817.1
Beagle Library:
Owen, William Fitz William. 1833. Narrative of voyages to explore the shores of Africa, Arabia, and Madagascar; performed in H.M. Ships Leven and Barracouta. 2 vols. London: Richard Bentley. Volume 1.
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At the back of this mangrove boundary, which extends only a short distance, the soil is partially covered with a layer of sand studded with a variety of trees, so that we had little difficulty in procuring fuel, as the shore was strewed with their bleached trunks, rotting under the combined influence of age and the sun: many of these that had previously been drifting about, or otherwise exposed to the water, were perforated by worms, which, in their progress, had coated the sides with a
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A817.2
Beagle Library:
Owen, William Fitz William. 1833. Narrative of voyages to explore the shores of Africa, Arabia, and Madagascar; performed in H.M. Ships Leven and Barracouta. 2 vols. London: Richard Bentley. Volume 2.
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the southward of Chaponga, and on the morning of the 8th set out in his machilah, accompanied by Mr. Kilpatrick, to explore it, in opposition to the wishes of the Donna, who dreaded their exposure to the attacks of wild beasts in the forest. * Supposed to be a species of bombax, or silk-cotton tree, the wood of which is used for canoes in preference to any other, as not being subject to the attack of worms. A bed, or rather hammock, slung to a pole, and carried by slaves. [page] 5
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A720
Beagle Library:
Waterton, Charles. 1833. The habits of the carrion crow. Magazine of Natural History, and Journal of Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy, Geology, and Meteorology 6, no. 32: 208-214.
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something of a more solid and substantial nature than mere worms and caterpillars, his attention to game and poultry is enough to alarm the stoutest-hearted squire and henwife. These personages have long sworn an eternal enmity to him; and he now, in his turn, visits, to their sorrow, the rising hopes of the manor with ominous aspect; and assaults the broods of the duck-pond, in revenge, as it were, for the many attempts which both squire and henwife have made to rob and strangle him. In 1815, I fully
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A747
Beagle Library:
British Association for the Advancement of Science. 1833. Report of the first and second meetings, at York in 1831 and at Oxford in 1832, including its proceedings, recommendations, and transactions. London: John Murray.
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the edges of the river in shallow places. On the first of April, when the young fry emerged, the temperature of the gravel bed at 9 A. M. was found to be 41 , that of the water 4S ; but by 12 o'clock the water was at 45 , and the air 55 . The author conjectures the temperature of the gravel bed not to have been below 39 during the winter. Neither trout nor salmon devour the ova or the young fry; flies, beetles, worms, and larvae, being the only food found in the stomachs of either of these
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(a) Upon taking this animal out of spirits I observed in its worms mouth several small worms; as there was a tight ligature (to kill it) round the neck, they could not have proceeded from the stomach. In the mouth of another Coluber (623) I noticed one alive (the animal being strangled as the former one), if I remember right it crawled like a leach by the aid of its extremities. Common in the swampy plains between Sierra Ventana B. Ayres. (d) Copied Killed in August at R. Negro another species
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(a) On the edges of the lake, the source is highly saline, a bright green colour. resulting doubtless from the remains of [Conserve]. the decomposition of this substance gives probably to the muddy sand its fetid odour. Although the water was almost in the state of brine, I saw the marks or burrows of worms or rather Annelidae. this is further proved by the number of Flamingoes, which live breed here, were then of wading about in search of food. What becomes of these animals, when the lake is
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A894.1
Beagle Library:
Webster, William Henry Bayley. 1834. Narrative of a voyage to the southern Atlantic Ocean, in the years 1828, 29, 30, performed in H.M. Sloop Chanticleer. 2 vols. London: Richard Bentley. Volume 1.
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than those of Madeira. The dromedary is chiefly used as the beast of burden, and appears well adapted to the island. We left Teneriffe on the 21st May, and were delayed by calms the two following days. On the morning of the 23rd, the surface of the sea was covered with very minute particles of something which appeared like dust or the shakings of hemp. Having obtained some of it in a vessel, on examination I found it to be composed of very small worms, extremely slender and delicate, and about
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A894.1
Beagle Library:
Webster, William Henry Bayley. 1834. Narrative of a voyage to the southern Atlantic Ocean, in the years 1828, 29, 30, performed in H.M. Sloop Chanticleer. 2 vols. London: Richard Bentley. Volume 1.
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motion at times. Besides these, the water from which I had taken them contained a few hairy globules, about the size of a pin's head, which opened and contracted, having a bright glistening speck in their centre. There were besides these some little red capillary worms, bifurcated at one extremity, and some medus , of a chocolate colour, about the size of a pea. Captain Flinders, on his way out to Australia, mentions having observed a similar phenomenon. At page 92 of the first volume of his
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A894.1
Beagle Library:
Webster, William Henry Bayley. 1834. Narrative of a voyage to the southern Atlantic Ocean, in the years 1828, 29, 30, performed in H.M. Sloop Chanticleer. 2 vols. London: Richard Bentley. Volume 1.
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them. Much difference of opinion, I find, has prevailed respecting the manner in which these worms bore their cells; most authors stating that it is done by the valvular shell at the posterior end; some, with Sir Everard Home, have considered this as a double-nosed auger, others as a centre-bit, and others again have attributed this power to a secretion from the body of the animal acting on the wood so as to, soften and decompose it. In my opinion this latter supposition is altogether untenable, as
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A894.2
Beagle Library:
Webster, William Henry Bayley. 1834. Narrative of a voyage to the southern Atlantic Ocean, in the years 1828, 29, 30, performed in H.M. Sloop Chanticleer. 2 vols. London: Richard Bentley. Volume 2.
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of the heart appeared to act simultaneously. The house lizard or gecko l vis, runs about the rooms, and along the joists and roofs, against the law of gravity. It is a repulsive looking creature, about three inches long. The tongue is long, fleshy, protrusile, terminating with a rough scabrous surface, and bedewed with a clammy moisture. Stomach, an inch in length, pylorus and duodenum stuffed with worms; bowels, in numerous annular contractions and dilatations; caecum, an enormous dilatation
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A894.2
Beagle Library:
Webster, William Henry Bayley. 1834. Narrative of a voyage to the southern Atlantic Ocean, in the years 1828, 29, 30, performed in H.M. Sloop Chanticleer. 2 vols. London: Richard Bentley. Volume 2.
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cumference. The liver is large, and separated into four or five distinct lobes, not being one organ, as usual, but in detached pieces, lying on a broad connecting membrane. The cystic duct was crammed with worms to a frightful extent, showing the prevalence of disease in every animal, however natural or simple its habits. The spleen small, and of an ash colour. The kidneys are of great size, lobulated and covered with large veins. One of the most remarkable parts of its structure is displayed
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(a) Earth worms, from salt water being so deadly a poison (hence probably to the eggs?) is a difficult animal to account for accidental transportation? (b) I may mention besides my collection plants as common to this island Tierra del F. 1157: 1163: Bog plant: Rush-looking plant: tea plant: Celery: (c) Gauchos state there is no other quadruped whatever: With respect to the fish the Grebe (1918) was plentiful in a lake where there was no communication or very small streamlet with the sea.— The
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is not found on the Continent: an indisputable proof of its individuality as a species.— It is very curious, thus having a quadruped (c) peculiar to so small a tract of country: The rat (1159) is also an aboriginal: it is evidently become partly domesticated attached to the houses: There certainly are field mice, (I could not procure one), besides English ones now living far from the houses: The fresh water fish 553---555 (a) (which are found in inland lakes) the number of common earth worms
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two orifices, always with in one direction with respect to the extremities. Both these facts hold good even with small pieces of the living animal.— cut extremities in a few minutes become rounded.— Live under stones upon the hills, amongst the pasture.— they have burrows, like sinuous chambers beneath the stones, like earth worms but not so regular, because parts of the body lies in places coiled up in a knot.— Bufo 1023 Pale dirty yellow. Back blackish brown, over eye as far as behind front legs
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NHM-405052-1001
Note:
[1836]
[List of reptiles and amphibians from the Beagle] 'Reptiles in spirits of wine'
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. Above clove brown shading beneath into pale; on the sides and back, there are regular black spaces with yellow specks; likewise whole length of body two narrow dorsal ribbons of saffron yellow ; on under side of tail a broad central band of tile and half scarlet red ,- there is also on the back a faint trace (chiefly shown by interrupted chain of specks) of a similarly coloured band. Upon taking this animal out of spirits I observed in its mouth several small worms
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NHM-405052-1001
Note:
[1836]
[List of reptiles and amphibians from the Beagle] 'Reptiles in spirits of wine'
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Blanca.- [377-383 in Darwin's handwriting] 384. Amphisbena; in sandy hillocks near the sea; same colour as earth worms. Bahia Blanca. 385 Iguaniens, same as (373) Septr Do. 386. 387. Same genus as (385) but different species. Differs in having orange coloured gorge, faint lateral stripes of blue; and general markings. B. Blanca. Septr. 389 Bufo. Marshes, the Fort. Body oil
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F1577
Periodical contribution:
Barlow, Nora ed. 1963. Darwin's ornithological notes. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Historical Series 2 (7): 201-278. With introduction, notes and appendix by the editor.
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several times with their heads. backwards. in a completely inverted position. The Carrancha builds a large coarse nest indifferently; in any low cliff. or in a bush or lofty tree. MS. 36(a) verso H (a) To these observations I may add on the authority of Azara,1 that the Carrancha feeds on worms shells. slugs, grasshoppers and frogs: that it destroys young lambs. by tearing the umbilical cord, and that it pursues the Gallinazo, till that bird is compelled to vomit up, the carrion it had lately gorged
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F1577
Periodical contribution:
Barlow, Nora ed. 1963. Darwin's ornithological notes. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Historical Series 2 (7): 201-278. With introduction, notes and appendix by the editor.
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. by stocking up the roots when first planted. In the same island, I myself saw them, by scores following the plough feeding on worms larvae of insects. I do not believe they ever kill birds or animals; they are more active than the Carranchas, but their flight is heavy; I never saw one soar. are very tame, are not gregarious commonly perch on stone walls [trees del] posts [added not upon trees. frequently utter, a gentle, shrill scream.} [End of large bracket J.] Caracara (1882) (1932.33). N
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F1577
Periodical contribution:
Barlow, Nora ed. 1963. Darwin's ornithological notes. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Historical Series 2 (7): 201-278. With introduction, notes and appendix by the editor.
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as all our sportsmen can testify, very difficult to kill. Mr. Stokes once shot one, near Chiloe which weighed 22 lb. Trachea (545) Spirits. Goose The Upland goose is common in pairs. Small flocks of half a dozen; throughout the island. MS. 51B verso (B). Trachea in spirits (904) (576.577 Cock Hen). N.B. Trachea. ( worms from stomach of Diomedia exulans (817). They do not migrate, but build on the small outlying islets; this is supposed to be from fear of the Foxes, it is perhaps from the same
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surprising thing is the quantity of Lime! in the whole intertropical seas! We know that sediment at K. Georges Sound will accumulate at ∠ (30°?). — V. Humboldt1 for inclination of Mountains. The number of worms tend to destroy the Corallina living Limestone strata, if formed as reefs ought to perforated with Cylindrical holes. N.B. Crystal like pieces. broken spines of Echinus 1 Humboldt 1819-1829. JvW of] pencil. recoil carry it to Seaward] pencil. N.B. Several ... Echinus] pencil. V. Humboldt
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surprising thing is the quantity of Lime! in the whole intertropical seas! We know that sediment at K. Georges Sound will accumulate at ∠ (30°?). — V. Humboldt1 for inclination of Mountains. The number of worms tend to destroy the Corallina living Limestone strata, if formed as reefs ought to perforated with Cylindrical holes. N.B. Crystal like pieces. broken spines of Echinus 1 Humboldt 1819-1829. JvW of] pencil. recoil carry it to Seaward] pencil. N.B. Several ... Echinus] pencil. V. Humboldt
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an oblique swell. to the usual direction of gales. — The action of worms shells in eaten coral. added to the Fish in formation of sand: but sand probably carried in, in gales. through the openings. — NB. on outside all [injurious] sand. removed. in lagoon accumulated. N: Keeling Isd. has same identical structure of reef. Liesk. 1 John Clunies Ross (1796-1854), Scottish sea captain who settled Keeling. See Armstrong 1991. JvW Above half the lagoon near dry at spring tides low water] pencil. [14
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Astrea, when it grows. is in the form of thin plates, with curvilinear edges — Here a great number of species of Algonium flourish some stony branching Corals. — In one part, over the extent of a mile an enormous quantity of a Clam Holuthuriæ lived. partly sunk in the Coral. — NB. These are placed vertically might afford useful indication. — Worms were in Milliporæ. — page except for bottom lines (from a Clam onwards) lightly crossed out in pencil; a pen line separates ...level. the living solid
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Astrea, when it grows. is in the form of thin plates, with curvilinear edges — Here a great number of species of Algonium flourish some stony branching Corals. — In one part, over the extent of a mile an enormous quantity of a Clam Holuthuriæ lived. partly sunk in the Coral. — NB. These are placed vertically might afford useful indication. — Worms were in Milliporæ. — page except for bottom lines (from a Clam onwards) lightly crossed out in pencil; a pen line separates ...level. the living solid
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F1583e
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, S. ed. 1980. The red notebook of Charles Darwin. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Historical Series 7 (24 April): 1-164.
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productions. 114e I think in Patagonia white beds having proceeded from gravel proved. curious similarity of rocks of very diff. ages. at Port Desire on plain interstratified. Urge fact of Boulders not in lower strata. only in upper. in accordance in Europe with ice theory. Capt Ross found in Possession Bay in 73 39 N. living worms in the mud which he drew up from 1,000 f[athoms], the temp of which was below freezing point!!!132 115 Remember idea of frozen bottom [or beach] of sea to explain
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F1583e
Periodical contribution:
Herbert, S. ed. 1980. The red notebook of Charles Darwin. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Historical Series 7 (24 April): 1-164.
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. 4 numbers. (London, 1838-1840). 132 [Capt.] John Ross, A Voyage of Discovery for the Purpose of Exploring Baffin's Bay (London, 1819), p. 178: Soundings were obtained correctly in one thousand fathoms [at Possession Bay], consisting of soft mud, in which there were worms . The temperature of the water on the surface was 34 [F.], and at eighty fathoms 32 at two hundred and fifty fathoms [measurement taken aboard another ship], 29 [F.]. In Appendix No. III, p. lxxxv this information is summarized
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CUL-DAR64.2.10
Note:
[1837--1844]
On the formation of Mould / Begin with contrasting upper & lower soil /
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disappeared everyone must have observed this.— Mr Wedgwood hypothesis worms.— NB number of worms in each piece of turf — number of castings.— In first field-mentioned cinders placed some half year before now either on surface or sticking in turf, I saw some entirely with piles on then: curious result whole surface worm intestines: animal not vegetable mould. Importantly worms ⸮my Fathers story? — Effect of manure when sinking, layer of marl no doubt retain slower decay parts not consumed by worms well
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[excised, located in CUL-DAR208.6] There must be progressive development; for instance none (?) of the vebtetrata vertebrata could exist without plants insects had been created; but on other hand creation of small animals must have gone on since from parasitical nature of insects worms. In abstract we may say that vegetables mass of insects could live without animals 10
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There must be progressive development; for instance none ?, of the vebtetrata vertebrates could exist without plants insects had been created; but on other hand creation of small animals must have gone on since from parasitical nature of insects worms. In abstract we may say that vegetables mass of insects could live without animals 12
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All Owens papers on Intestinal worms must be studied in Vol. I Zoolog: Transact. before writing on Planaria or polypi — is especially grand paper p. 387 on Classification of such animals. — Voyage Coquille's Voyage p. 302 Vol. II p. 302 Vaginulus of Lima described Arion of Ascension p. do Some S American Reptiles are described Shells from Tahiti and Chile The North S. Range of shells might perhaps be worked out with advantage with Cumms collection my own: Capt. Kings p. 453 Planaria vitella
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March 16.th 1827. — (1) Procured from the black rocks at Leith a large Cyclopterus Lumpus (common lump fish). Length from snout to tail 23 ½ inches, girth 19 ½. It had evidently come to the rocks to spawn was there left stranded by the tide; its ovaria contained a great mass of spawn of a rose colour. Dissected it with Dr Grant. — It appeared very free from disease had no intestinal worms; its back however was covered with small crustaceous animals. — Eyes small. — Hence probably does not
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A2626
Review:
Anon. 1837. [Review of] On the formation of mould. Athenauem, no. 526 (25 November): 866.
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phenomena, Mr. Darwin does not doubt to be the correct one: namely, that the whole is due to the digestive process, by which the common earth-worm is supported. On carefully examining between the blades of grass in the fields where the observations had been made, the author found that there was scarcely a space of two inches square, without a little heap of the cylindrical castings of worms. It is well known, that worms in their excavations swallow earthy matter, and having separated the serviceable
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F1574c
Pamphlet:
de Beer, Gavin ed. 1960. Darwin's notebooks on transmutation of species. Part III. Third notebook [D] (July 15 to October 2nd 1838). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Historical Series 2 (4) (July):119-150.
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Alderney cows take more after Alderney than the Durham, with which they have been crossed is Alderney oldest breed He believes all pretty much alike. My Fathers Water in the brain7 a century since used to be called Worm Fever, as used much more lately diseased mesatine glands. My Father has seen case of pleurisy, broken limb in children other such disorders accompanied with some fever, be attended by the transmission of 4 large number of worms the child not having passed them before. Hence disordered
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CUL-DAR64.2.10
Note:
[1837--1844]
On the formation of Mould / Begin with contrasting upper & lower soil /
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deeper) in some part only 2 1/2 in other three inches (I may observe whole four inches deep looks deeper)— Beneath pebbly quartzose sole contrasted with upper soil Dug hole in several parts.— about inch beneath surface layer of cinder placed or about three years since. Where came tussocks (no worms) generally pebbly soil.— In irrigated fields patches of cinders had been placed now in part 4 inches deep at depth of three inches complete layers so as to separate upper lower into strata kept together
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F1574d
Pamphlet:
de Beer, Gavin ed. 1960. de Beer, G. ed. 1960. Darwin's notebooks on transmutation of species. Part IV, Fourth notebook [E] (October 1838-10 July 1839). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Historical Series 2 (5) (September): 151-183.
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theory1 without the hermaphrodites mutually couple. now how is it in Planaria, 71 they couple (lowest terrestrial animals), in shells? insects ? all!??!? Worms? Barnacles, aquatic Crustaceans, true hermaphrodites2 It may be said that true hermaphroditism is a consequence of non-locomotion (contradicted by Plants) as there are no fixed land animals, so there are [no] true hermaphrodites. I suspect this rather effect of liquid semen, therefore animal life commenced in water! It is a beautiful
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F1574f
Pamphlet:
de Beer, Gavin, Rowlands, M. J. and Skramovsky, [Mrs] B. M. eds. 1967. Darwin's notebooks on transmutation of species. Part VI. Pages excised by Darwin. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Historical Series 3 (5) (21 March): 129-176.
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. J. No. 3 p. 207 It is not generally known that Ireland possesses varieties of the furze, broom, yew very different from any found in great Britain. British varieties are also found in Ireland.6 108 There must be progressive development; for instance none ? of the vertebrata could exist without plants insects had been created ; but on other hand creations of small animals must have gone on since from parasitical nature of insects worms. In abstract we may say that vegetables most of insects could
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insects? — all !??!? — Worms? (Barnacles, aquatic yet Crustaceans, true hermaphrodites) It may be said that true hermaphroditism is a consequence of non-locomotion — (contradicted by Plants) as there are no fixed land animals, so there are [no] true hermaphrodites. — I suspect this rather effect of liquid semen, therefore animal life commenced in water! It is a beautiful part of my theory, that domesticated races of organics are made by precisely same means as species — but latter far more
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CUL-DAR125.-
Note:
1838
Notebook M: [Metaphysics on morals and speculations on expression]
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My Father says there is case on record he believes in Philosoph. Transactions, of idiot 18 years old eating white lead, who was most violently purged believe worms were passed off. vomited, but who when he recovered, was found to be ignorant, but quite sensible no ways an idiot.— in this case must have been functional.— He has some idea of a son of Dr. Prietly who was cured from a fall of idiotcy.— The story of the Corbets big noses, quite conjectural, in Blakeways book of Sheriffs. — 4
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F2540
Periodical contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1968. [15 letters, 1838-80]. In G. de Beer ed., The Darwin letters at Shrewsbury School. Notes and Records of the Royal Society 23 (1) (June): 68-85.
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still in the Medical Register in 1883. Darwin's connexion with him was over his excavations of Roman remains at Wroxeter and his estimation of the ammonia present in worm-casts, which Darwin used in his book on vegetable mould and earthworms.1 1 The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the action of Worms, published 10 October 1881. (Letter 2) [Charles Darwin to Henry Johnson] Down, Beckenham, Kent Nov 14th 1880 My dear Johnson, An overwhelming lot of letters have prevented me from thanking you
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