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F1648
Periodical contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1838. On the formation of mould. [Read 1 November 1837] Proceedings of the Geological Society of London 2: 574-576.
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-worm is supported. On carefully examining between the blades of grass in the fields above described, the author found, that there was scarcely a space of two inches square without a little heap of the cylindrical castings of worms. It is well known that worms swallow earthy matter, and that having separated the serviceable portion, they eject at the mouth of their burrows, the remainder in little intestine-shaped heaps. The worm is unable to swallow coarse particles, and as it would naturally
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F1648
Periodical contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1838. On the formation of mould. [Read 1 November 1837] Proceedings of the Geological Society of London 2: 574-576.
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agency so trivial as it, at first, might be thought; the great number of earth-worms (as every one must be aware, who has ever dug in a grass-field) making up for the insignificant quantity of work which each performs. On the above hypothesis, the great advantage of old pasture land, which farmers are always particularly averse from breaking up, is explained; for the worms must require a considerable length of time to prepare a thick stratum of mould, by thoroughly mingling the original
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the serpents... 2 Bell 1824, pp. 62-64. 3 Macculloch 1837, 1: 263: The food of an extensive tribe, termed Gralae, consists of worms or larvae which reside deep in the earth, and would have been unattainable by the bills of the preceding birds. It has therefore been lengthened in the Curlew, the Woodcock, the Plovers, and others...' 2
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. Annales des Sciences Naturelles (Botanique) 3d ser. 6: 142-214. Cuvier, Frédéric Georges. 1822. Instinct. In vol. 23, pp. 528-44, of Cuvier, Frédéric Georges, ed., Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles. 61 vols. Strasbourg and Paris. 1816-45. Dandolo, Vicenzo. 1825. The art of rearing silk-worms. Trans. from the Italian. London. [Darwin Library-CUL]. Duchesne, Antoine Nicolas. 1766. Histoire naturelle des fraisiers. 2 parts Paris. Fortune, Robert. 1847. Three years' wanderings in the northern
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F8.3
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1838. Birds Part 3 no. 1 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. by John Gould. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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Carrancha feeds on worms, shells, slugs, grasshoppers, and frogs; that it destroys young lambs by tearing the umbilical cord: and that it pursues the Gallinazos and gulls which attend the slaughtering-houses, till these birds are compelled to vomit up any carrion they may have lately gorged. Lastly, Azara states that several Carranchas, five or six together, will unite in chase of large birds, even such as herons. All these facts show that it is a bird of very versatile habits and considerable
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F8.3
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1838. Birds Part 3 no. 1 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. by John Gould. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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of a house with other offal. I was also assured that in Chiloe, these birds (probably in this district the M. pezoporus) materially injure the potato crops, by stocking up the roots when first planted. In the same island, I saw them following by scores the plough, and feeding on worms and larvæ of insects. I do not believe that they kill, under any circumstances, even small birds or animals. They are more active than the Carranchas, but their flight is heavy; I never saw one soar; they are
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on Police of Nature. [Wilcke 1781] Hoffberg on Reindeer. [Hoffberg 1781] Ekmarck on migration [Ekmarck 1781]. Linn. on insects. [Linnaeus 1781b] Forsskahl on Flora of insects. [Forsskahl 1781] Avelin on Miraculous [Avelin 1781] Baeckner on noxious insects. [Baeckner 1781] Lyman on Silk-worms [Lyman 1781] Agassiz, Louis. 1840. Études sur les glaciers. Neuchâtel: Aux frais de l'auteur. Aphonin, Matheus. 1781. On the use of natural history. In Linnaeus, ed., Select dissertations from the Amœnitates
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A2963
Review:
Anon. 1838. [Review of]. Mr Darwin on vegetable mould. Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science 12 (January): 89-91.
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common earth-worm is supported. On carefully examining between the blades of grass in the fields above described, the author found, that there was scarcely a space of two inches square without a little heap of the cylindrical castings of worms. It is well known that worms swallow earthy matter, and that having separated the serviceable portion, they eject at the mouth of their burrows, the remainder in little intestine-shaped heaps. The worm is unable to swallow coarse particles, and as it would
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the child not having passed them before. Hence disordered intestines are not healthy to worms, (like parasites of Tropical countries cannot endure this climate). — July 23d. Eyton,1 a stone blind horse, seemed to perceive turn on road where no houses to Caton Muscote, where he had been accustomed to turn down, — applicable to birds migrations mistakes in Savages. 1 Thomas Campbell Eyton. Probably personal communication. 5
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Mark1 at Shrewsbury thinks the half bred Alderney cows take more after Alderney than the Durham, with which they have been crossed — is Alderney oldest breed — He believes all pretty much alike. — My Fathers Water in the brain2 a century since used to be called Worm Fever, as used much more lately diseased mesatine glands. — My Father has seen case of pleurisy, broken limb in children other such disorders accompanied with some fever, be attended by the transmission of large number of worms 1
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A2438
Review:
Anon. 1839. [Review of] On the formation of mould. Farmers' Register, 7: 430-431. [From the Genesee Farmer]
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [page] 430 EARTH WORMS—MOULD. From the Genesee Farmer, The increasing number of earth worms (lumbricus terrestris) in the cultivated parts of our country, has drawn the attention of many farmers to the subject, and elicited some inquiries as to the effect of their presence in such numbers in soils that are cropped. The opinion of some seems to be, that while they confine themselves to the soil, they are harmless, if not actually beneficial, Loudon
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A2085
Periodical contribution:
Anon. 1839. [On the formation of mould, ] Utility of the earth-worm. The Penny Magazine, no. 449, (30 March): 127-28.
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spread out only-half a year before, Mr. Darwin actually saw the castings of the worms heaped on the smaller fragments. Nor is the agency so trivial as it at first might be thought, the great number of Earth-worms (as every one must be aware who has ever dug in a grass-field) making up for the insignificant quantity of work which each performs. On the above hypothesis, the great advantage of old pasture land, which farmers are always particularly averse from breaking up, is explained; for the
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A2438
Review:
Anon. 1839. [Review of] On the formation of mould. Farmers' Register, 7: 430-431. [From the Genesee Farmer]
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settlement of the country, around barns, and in yards where manure and animal matter kept the earth rich and moist, and they have now in some places taken possession in millions of our lowlands, gardens, c. Places heavily manured are the most infested by them, as the young worms, or the ova, are brought with the manure applied. Instances are recorded in this journal, in which these worms have so accumulated around houses and in wells, as to render the water unfit for use. Their presence in wells is to be
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(33) Ornithologum commonly but improperly called Canadense — would it grow in open air in Sweden. Linnaeus found 2 flowers, which had anthers removed, did not become impregnated. (34) Any recent information about pollen of Subularia Royle Horsfield (35) Talk about races of Banana yet seedless — no light Henslow or Royle. Latter says seedless — Also about Sugar-Cane Edwards says does not seed — Bruce says does In Royle's Productive Resources Book no information Royle Hope about Silk worms
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F10.3
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Journal and remarks. 1832-1836. London: Henry Colburn.
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some kind of worm, or annelidous animal. How surprising it is that any creatures should be able to exist in a fluid, saturated with brine, and that they should be crawling among crystals of sulphate of soda and lime! And what becomes of these worms when, during a long summer, the surface at least is hardened into a solid layer of salt? Flamingoes* in considerable numbers inhabit this lake; they breed here, and their bodies are sometimes found by the workmen, preserved in the salt. I saw
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F10.2
Book:
FitzRoy, R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N. London: Henry Colburn.
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worms soon eat their way through unprotected planks. (16th.) When on the beach, at a place we afterwards called 'Keel Point,' it was found that a piece of the false keel under the 'fore-foot,' had been knocked off, and that a few sheets of copper were a good deal rubbed. By Mr. May's exertions all was repaired in one tide; and the following day we were making preparations for an excursion up the river. 17th. An examination, or rather a partial exploring, of the River Santa Cruz had long been
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F10.2
Book:
FitzRoy, R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N. London: Henry Colburn.
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, to procure carpenters, plank, and copper for the Adventure. I found that she was so fine a vessel, and so sound, that it was well worth while to copper her entirely afresh, with a view to her future operations among islands in the Pacific, where worms would soon eat through places on a vessel's bottom from which sheets of copper had been torn away. At this time the Adventure's copper was complete, but thin, and as the carpenters said it would not last above two years more with certainty, I
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F10.3
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Journal and remarks. 1832-1836. London: Henry Colburn.
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existence of a division of the genus Planaria, which inhabits the dry land, interested me much. These animals are of so simple a structure, that Cuvier has arranged them with the intestinal worms, though never found within the bodies of other animals. Numerous species inhabit both salt and fresh water; but those to which I allude were found beneath logs of rotten wood, even in the drier parts of the forest. In general form they resemble little slugs, but are very much narrower in proportion. I
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F10.3
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Journal and remarks. 1832-1836. London: Henry Colburn.
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authority of Azara, that the Carrancha feeds on worms, shells, slugs, grasshoppers, and frogs; that it destroys young lambs by tearing the umbilical cord; and that it pursues the Gallinazo, VOL. III. F [page] 66 MALDONADO. 1832-3
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F10.3
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Journal and remarks. 1832-1836. London: Henry Colburn.
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was also assured that they materially injure the potato crops in Chiloe, by stocking up the roots when first planted. In the same island I myself saw them by scores following the plough, and feeding on the worms and larvæ of insects. I do not believe they ever kill birds or animals. They are more active than the Carranchas, but their flight is heavy; I never saw one soar; they are very tame; are not gregarious; commonly perch on stone walls, and not upon trees; and frequently utter a gentle
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F10.3
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Journal and remarks. 1832-1836. London: Henry Colburn.
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giganteus, 303. Fuegians, 227, 234, 239, 240, 242. Fulgurites, 69. Fungus, edible, 298. Furnarius fuliginosus, 353. rufus, 112. Galapagos Archipelago, 453. belongs to American Zoological province, 474. Gallinazo, 68. Gauchos, 48. character of, 182. live on meat, 136. Gay, M., on floating islands, 323. Geese at the Falkland Islands, 257. Geology of La Plata, 52. of Patagonia, 201. Geology of Cordillera, 390. Glaciers, 279, 283, 306. effects of, 280, 283. in lat. 46° 40', 285. Glow worms, 34. Goats
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CUL-DAR139.7.1
Printed:
1840
Darwin, C. R. 1840. On the formation of mould. [Read 1 November 1837.] Transactions of the Geological Society 2d ser. 5 (2): 505-509. (annotated offprint) "With notes"
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field lately reclaimed from being waste land, three inches of mould had been prepared by the worms in the course of fifteen years. We now find, that within the period of less than eighty years, (but how much less cannot be told, unless the date when the field was first ploughed were known) the earth-worms have covered the marl, which was originally strewed on the surface, with a bed of earth of an average thickness of no less than twelve or thirteen inches. November 14, 1837. 1 Darwin later
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A585
Book:
Lindley, John. 1840. The theory of horticulture; or, an attempt to explain the principal operations of gardening upon physiological principles. London: Longman.
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stems, 29. central, its importance compared with that of the alburnum and liber, 34. central, example of its removal, 35. Woody matter, its first appearance, 24. Worms, injury occasioned by them to plants in pots, 124. Wounding of plants to be avoided when the sap first begins to flow, 256. Wounds, processes by which they are healed, 26. 308. THE END. [page break
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CUL-DAR139.7.1
Printed:
1840
Darwin, C. R. 1840. On the formation of mould. [Read 1 November 1837.] Transactions of the Geological Society 2d ser. 5 (2): 505-509. (annotated offprint) "With notes"
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the blades of grass in the fields above described, I found scarcely a space of two inches square without a little heap of the cylindrical castings of worms. It is well known, that worms, in their excavations, swallow earthy matter, and that, having separated the portion which serves for their nutriment, they eject at the mouth of their burrows the remainder in little, intestine-shaped heaps. These partly retain their form until the rain and thaws of winter, as I have observed, spread the matter
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CUL-DAR205.5.178
Note:
[Undated]
Huxley / ramified aquiferous channels of annelids requiring circumambient
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [178] Huxley ramified aquiferous channels of annelids receiving circumambient water, are considered by you? as homologues of Tracheæ.— Are they ringed? where open?— Row of lateral sacs in leech earth-worms, transitional stage: Owen considers homologue with tracheæ.— Does not know whether here are others. Milne Edwards Introduct. Z. G. p. 65. Branchiæ themselves in Squilla new organ added to preexisting Crust type.— What say? about classifying Races of
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CUL-DAR205.6.18-21
Note:
[Undated]
It must be deeply considered how the instincts peculiar to the sexes &
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [18] p (1 It must be deeply considered how the instincts peculiar to the sexes the structures of such. Horns to fight (peculiarly used according to Langton) Spurs of cock plumage - vast difference in forms instincts in Bees Ants even senses in Aphides - Glow-worms c c maternal instinct of female - fighting instincts of cock come to arise. In first place each individual (as far as we are now considering) is of both sexes the peculiarities of each may
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F1655
Periodical contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1840. On the formation of mould. [Read 1 November 1837] Transactions of the Geological Society 2d ser. 5 (2): 505-509.
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the blades of grass in the fields above described, I found scarcely a space of two inches square without a little heap of the cylindrical castings of worms. It is well known, that worms, in their excavations, swallow earthy matter, and that, having separated the portion which serves for their nutriment, they eject at the mouth of their burrows the remainder in little, intestine-shaped heaps. These partly retain their form until the rain and thaws of winter, as I have observed, spread the matter
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F1655
Periodical contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1840. On the formation of mould. [Read 1 November 1837] Transactions of the Geological Society 2d ser. 5 (2): 505-509.
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field lately reclaimed from being waste land, three inches of mould had been prepared by the worms in the course of fifteen years. We now find, that within the period of less than eighty years, (but how much less cannot be told, unless the date when the field was first ploughed were known) the earth-worms have covered the marl, which was originally strewed on the surface, with a bed of earth of an average thickness of no less than twelve or thirteen inches. November 14, 1837. 1 Darwin later
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A585
Book:
Lindley, John. 1840. The theory of horticulture; or, an attempt to explain the principal operations of gardening upon physiological principles. London: Longman.
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vessels in which plants are rooted, is only another exemplification of the great necessity of attending to the due humidity of the soil, and to the prevention of stagnant water collecting about the roots; and the injury committed by worms, upon the roots of plants in pots, is chiefly produced by these creatures reducing the earth to a plastic state, and dragging it among the potsherds so as to [page] OF WATERING. 12
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CUL-DAR139.7.1
Printed:
1840
Darwin, C. R. 1840. On the formation of mould. [Read 1 November 1837.] Transactions of the Geological Society 2d ser. 5 (2): 505-509. (annotated offprint) "With notes"
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constituent parts of the soil, become thoroughly mingled, and a nearly homogeneous character is given to the whole. Although the conclusion may appear at first startling, it will be difficult to deny the probability, that every particle of earth forming the bed from which the turf in old pasture land springs, has passed through the intestines of worms; and hence the term animal mould would in some respects be more appropriate than that of vegetable mould. I may conclude by remarking, that the
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F1655
Periodical contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1840. On the formation of mould. [Read 1 November 1837] Transactions of the Geological Society 2d ser. 5 (2): 505-509.
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constituent parts of the soil, become thoroughly mingled, and a nearly homogeneous character is given to the whole. Although the conclusion may appear at first startling, it will be difficult to deny the probability, that every particle of earth forming the bed from which the turf in old pasture land springs, has passed through the intestines of worms; and hence the term animal mould would in some respects be more appropriate than that of vegetable mould. I may conclude by remarking, that the
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A276
Book:
Herschel, John Frederick William. 1840. A preliminary discourse on the study of natural philosophy. Part of Dionysius Lardner's Cabinet cyclopædia. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green; John Taylor.
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continued subterfuge or stratagem; his dwelling would be in dens of the earth, in clefts of rocks, or in the hollows of trees; his food worms, and the lower reptiles, or such few and crude productions of the soil as his organs could be brought to assimilate, varied with occasional relics, mangled by more powerful beasts of prey, or contemned by their more pampered choice. Remarkable only for the absence of those powers and qualities which obtain for other animals a degree of security and respect
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-2343. Bridgman, William Kencely. 1849. On leaves adhering to the casts of worms. Zoologist 7: 2576-2577. Briggs, John Joseph. 1849. The birds of Melbourne. Zoologist 7: 2603-2611. Cooke, N. 1849. An extraordinary nest of the song thrush (Turdus musicus). Zoologist 7: 2453. Gurney, John Henry. 1849. The eagle-owl (Strix bubo) breeding in confinement. Zoologist 7: 2566-2567. Hansell, P. E. 1849. Remarkable colour of the yolk in the eggs of the common duck. Zoologist 7: 2353. Hewett, W. 1849. The
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CUL-DAR205.6.11
Note:
1840.01.00
Selection only affects born individuals (or eggs or larvae) & therefore
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. Hence fœtuses in early stage or larvæ would change far slower than full-grown animals, although undoubtedly there would be some change possibly only a virtual change, when alteration had gone to great extent by a kind of reflex action or vis medicatrix. Hence we might expect that the fœtuses young larvæ (though in less degree, because I conceive larvæ (silk worms!) might be selected allow generic or ordinal [11v
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additional security against any chance seed unseen lurking in the soil. Of the twelve one only germinated, the plant in question, the blade first becoming visible on the 22d of April, the remaining eleven, after long patience, I picked out again; and found, in every instance, that they were rotting in the earth, being eaten away by a number of minute white worms. It is a curious speculation, by the by, whether this might not have been a re-awakening of dormant animal life; for it is by no means
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F9.3
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1841. Birds Part 3 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. by John Gould. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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Carrancha feeds on worms, shells, slugs, grasshoppers, and frogs; that it destroys young lambs by tearing the umbilical cord: and that it pursues the Gallinazos and gulls which attend the slaughtering-houses, till these birds are compelled to vomit up any carrion they may have lately gorged. Lastly, Azara states that several Carranchas, five or six together, will unite in chase of large birds, even such as herons. All these facts show that it is a bird of very versatile habits and considerable
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F9.3
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1841. Birds Part 3 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. by John Gould. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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of a house with other offal. I was also assured that in Chiloe, these birds (probably in this district the M. pezoporus) materially injure the potato crops, by stocking up the roots when first planted. In the same island, I saw them following by scores the plough, and feeding on worms and larvæ of insects. I do not believe that they kill, under any circumstances, even small birds or animals. They are more active than the Carranchas, but their flight is heavy; I never saw one soar; they are
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CUL-DAR205.6.17
Note:
1841.02.00
When we reflect on what I believe is case that man by art (select[ion] &
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [17] Feb / 41/ When we reflect on what I believe is case that man by art (select var) can make organisms, different hereditary at any period of life up to cessation of reproduction (thus peas, beans cotton? Silk coccoon wheat at L early period of seed - silk-worms diseases at particular ages, (though latter probably, consequences of earlier changes - diseases of heart Dr. Holland's case come on after reproductive system is getting old) one is led to
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A132
Periodical contribution:
White, A. 1841. Descriptions of new or little known Arachnida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany, and Geology 7 (July): 471-477.
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art to embalm these spiders alive, or rather enchant them. Upon opening one, the spiders are alive, but unable to walk make the least resistance, being just able to move a little, sometimes a leg, and they appear plump and (of a) fresh colour. I imagine they do this by stinging the spiders: this in a wonderful property and provision of nature to provide the worms with fresh and proper food as long as is needful. Upon putting some of these spiders in a box, they continued plump and fresh several
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CUL-DAR64.1.1
Note:
1841.08.00--1841.09.00
Formation of Mould / The sinking of cinders with burnt marl argument for
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containing little pebbles seeds c Aug. Sept 1841. a heap of pure white sand being laid on garden in Upper Gower St when worms abound, though scarcely any vegetation.— the worms bored up through 15 inches, but did not case up pellet of earth but they sucked in leaves wh must have been their object or for fresh air or for escap
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CUL-DAR64.1.1
Note:
1841.08.00--1841.09.00
Formation of Mould / The sinking of cinders with burnt marl argument for
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principle, ploughed it in sometime before, so that it remained during all the time of fallow with decayed vegetable matter the plan had great success. In clearing any earth above stone quarries Mr L. has seen worms 7 or 8 feet beneath surface. When black mould was 2 feet thick [illeg] strong clay in latter proceeded by stages, not straight, but with chambers 1 William Fullerton Lindsay-Carnegie (1788-1860), Scottish industrialist. Darwin, C. R. 1840. On the formation of mould. [Read 1 November 1837
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F1555
Book:
Darwin, Francis ed. 1909. The foundations of The origin of species, a sketch written in 1842. Cambridge: University Press.
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and extinction of forms, like the birth and death of individuals should be the effect of secondary [laws] means3. It is derogatory that the Creator of countless systems of worlds should have created each of the myriads of creeping parasites and [slimy] worms which have swarmed each day of life on land and water on [this] one globe. We cease being astonished, however much we may deplore, that a group of animals should have been directly created to lay their eggs in bowels and flesh of other, that
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F1556
Book:
Darwin, Francis ed. 1909. The foundations of The origin of species. Two essays written in 1842 and 1844. Cambridge: University Press.
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and extinction of forms, like the birth and death of individuals should be the effect of secondary [laws] means3. It is derogatory that the Creator of countless systems of worlds should have created each of the myriads of creeping parasites and [slimy] worms which have swarmed each day of life on land and water on [this] one globe. We cease being astonished, however much we may deplore, that a group of animals should have been directly created to lay their eggs in bowels and flesh of other,—that
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F1556
Book:
Darwin, Francis ed. 1909. The foundations of The origin of species. Two essays written in 1842 and 1844. Cambridge: University Press.
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the result of secondary means. It is derogatory that the Creator of countless Universes should have made by individual acts of His will the myriads of creeping parasites and worms, which since the earliest dawn of life have swarmed over the land and in the depths of the ocean. We cease to be astonished1 that a group of animals should have been formed to lay their eggs in the bowels and flesh of other sensitive beings; that some animals should live by and even delight in cruelty; that animals
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F1556
Book:
Darwin, Francis ed. 1909. The foundations of The origin of species. Two essays written in 1842 and 1844. Cambridge: University Press.
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,—calf with big bullocks. Silk-worms, peculiarities which, appear in caterpillar state or cocoon state, are transmitted to corresponding states. The effect of this would be that if some peculiarity was born in a young animal, but never exercised, it might be inherited in young animal; but if exercised that part of structure would be increased and would be inherited in corresponding time of life after such training. I have said that man selects in full-life, so would it be in Nature. In struggle
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F1556
Book:
Darwin, Francis ed. 1909. The foundations of The origin of species. Two essays written in 1842 and 1844. Cambridge: University Press.
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Roguing, 65 Rudimentary organs, see Organs Savages, domestic animals of, 67, 68, 96 Selection, human, 3, 63; references to the practice of, in past times, 67; great effect produced by, 3, 91; necessary for the formation of breeds, 64; methodical, effects of, 3, 65; unconscious, 3, 67 Selection, natural, xvi, 7, 87; natural compared to human, 85, 94, 224; of instincts, 19, 120; difficulty of believing, 15, 121, 128 Selection, sexual, two types of, 10, 92 Silk-worms, variation in larval state, 44 n
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F8.17
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 no. 4 of The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. By Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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there; that it is good eating, and grows to be about half as large again as the individuals procured. One of these specimens was dissected by Mr. Yarrell and myself, and presented the following internal characters, which are of importance to be noted. The coats of the stomach were thick and muscular; the œsophageal portion with prominent longitudinal plicæ. Its contents, so far as they could be ascertained, consisted of the remains of caddis-worms. The intestine was large, without any cœcal
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F9.4
Book:
Darwin, C. R. ed. 1842. Fish Part 4 of The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle. by Leonard Jenyns. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin. London: Smith Elder and Co.
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there; that it is good eating, and grows to be about half as large again as the individuals procured. One of these specimens was dissected by Mr. Yarrell and myself, and presented the following internal characters, which are of importance to be noted. The coats of the stomach were thick and muscular; the œsophageal portion with prominent longitudinal plicæ. Its contents, so far as they could be ascertained, consisted of the remains of caddis-worms. The intestine was large, without any cœcal
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F1555
Book:
Darwin, Francis ed. 1909. The foundations of The origin of species, a sketch written in 1842. Cambridge: University Press.
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young, calf with big bullocks. Silk-worms, peculiarities which, appear in caterpillar state or cocoon state, are transmitted to corresponding states. The effect of this would be that if some peculiarity was born in a young animal, but never exercised, it might be inherited in young animal; but if exercised that part of structure would be increased and would be inherited in corresponding time of life after such training. I have said that man selects in full-life, so would it be in Nature. In
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CUL-DAR6.16-50
Draft:
[1842.05.00--1842.06.00]
Sketch of Species Theory — rough copy much corrected
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destroyed , at least to our senses a variation characterized first to be distinguished by long legs, will have offspring not to be so distinguished Free crossing great agency in producing uniformity in any breed. (P.P.) Dispositions vary, instinct more or less perfect singular habits are acquired are hereditary instincts per force disused, cease being inherited diseases of certain ages precocity of mind = silk worms, resemblance in character = (Sexual differences) infanticide. [17
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