Search Results - The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online

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CUL-DAR70.54 Note: 1863.07.10--1863.07.23 Bee Ophrys from coarse grassy field [table and comments] Text Image

many Verbena Pelargonium. White [illeg] [illeg] for [illeg] to [illeg] what fat gaper - Colour [illeg] [illeg] plants Black [illeg]. - [illeg] [illeg] by [illeg] c parasites longer [illeg] to Verbena colour of grapes - colour of silk-worms) what red Hyacinths [illeg] fruit trees - colour of flesh. - Curculio Colour of fruit attractive to birds.- yellow red very [illeg]. Mountain-Ash. Turkey Rye 2. vars. Leafing [illeg] of chart. soft-coloured [illeg] same case peculiarities Zilbert runt. White

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F385 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1866. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 4th ed. 8th thousand. Text Image PDF

equally inappreciable length. And as natural selection works solely by and for the good of each being, all corporeal and mental endowments will tend to progress towards perfection. It is interesting to contemplate an entangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the damp earth, and to reflect that these elaborately constructed forms, so different from each other, and dependent on

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F385 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1866. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 4th ed. 8th thousand. Text Image PDF

-called epidemics appear to be due to parasitic worms, which have from some cause, possibly in part through facility of diffusion amongst the crowded animals, been disproportionally favoured: and here comes in a sort of struggle between the parasite and its prey. On the other hand, in many cases, a large stock of individuals of the same species, relatively to the numbers of its enemies, is absolutely necessary for its preservation. Thus we can easily raise plenty of corn and rape-seed, c., in

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F385 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1866. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 4th ed. 8th thousand. Text Image PDF

anticipated. On the other hand, Dr. Hooker has recently informed me that he finds that the rule does not hold in Australia; and I have made these few remarks on the sexes of trees simply to call attention to the subject. Turning for a very brief space to animals: on the land there are some hermaphrodites, as land-mollusca and earth-worms; but these all pair. As yet I have not found a single case of a terrestrial animal which fertilises itself. We can understand this remarkable fact, which offers so

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F385 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1866. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 4th ed. 8th thousand. Text Image PDF

at the Court of Peking. From the Italian. Post 8vo. 2s. ROBERTSON'S (CANON) History of the Christian Church, from the Apostolic Age to the Concordat of Worms, A.D. 1123. Second Edition. 3 Vols. 8vo. 38s. ROBINSON'S (REV. DR.) Biblical Researches in the Holy Land. Being a Journal of Travels in 1838 and 1852. Maps. 3 Vols. 8vo. 45s. Physical Geography of the Holy Land. Post 8vo. 10s. 6d. ROME (THE STUDENT'S HISTORY OF). FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EMPIRE. BY DEAN LIDDELL

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CUL-DAR80.B125-B126 Abstract: [1867--1871] Brehm I: 80-87 Text Image

according to Schimper (p. 82 food of Gelada - roots insects worms c very like Australians) In these excursions from the mountains to the low conversely they meet the Hamadryas - in fury they rush against each other - make much noise roll down great stones, which the Hamadryas try to avoid - then come to close struggle Taught to ride asses (used) Brehm, Alfred Edmund. 1864-1867. Illustrirtes Thierleben. Eine allgemeine Kunde des Thierreichs. 4 vols. Hildburghausen: Verlag der Bibliographischen

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A598 Periodical contribution: [Wedgwood, Lucy Caroline]. 1868. Worms. Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette (28 March): 324. Text Image

[Wedgwood, Lucy Caroline]. 1868. Worms. Gardeners' Chronicle (28 March): 324. [page] 324 Worms.—Every one must have observed the little heaps of stones which are almost always to be seen on garden walks or wherever there is loose gravel. Each of these heaps will be found to surround and cover the hole of an earthworm. Nothing seems to come amiss with earthworms; they will take sticks, paper, bits of slate, anything in short that they can find within reach. Being curious to know how they manage

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A604 Review: Lewes, George Henry. 1868. Mr. Darwin's hypotheses. Fortnightly Review n.s. 3 (April, June); 353-73, 611-28, 4 (July), (November): 61-80, 492-509. Text Image

announcement that the Nais, a worm common in ponds, spontaneously divided itself into two worms; and that when he cut it into several pieces, each piece reproduced head and tail and grew into a perfect worm. This had been accepted by all naturalists without demur, until Dr. Williams, in his Report on British Annelida, 1851, declared it to be a fable. In 1858, under the impulse of Dr. Williams's very emphatic denial, I repeated experiments similar to those of Bonnet, with similar results. I cut two worms

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F879.1 Book: Darwin, C. R. [1868]. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. With a preface by Asa Gray. New York: Orange Judd and Co. vol. 1. Text Image PDF

succeeding spring, (pp. 149, 298) nearly all the caterpillars reared from them were dark-brindled, and the tints became still darker in the third generation. The moths reared from these caterpillars71 also became darker, and resembled in colouring the wild B. Huttoni. On this view of the tiger-like marks being due to reversion, the persistency with which they are transmitted is intelligible. Several years ago Mrs. Whitby took great pains in breeding silk-worms on a large scale, and she informed me

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A1013.2 Book: Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. vol. 2. Text

entrance from the west among the coral reefs that border the land, and there is good anchorage for vessels, on one side of the village or the other, in both the east and west monsoons. Being fully exposed to the sea-breezes in three directions it is healthy, and the soft sandy beach offers great facilities for hauling up the praus, in order to secure them from sea-worms and prepare them for the homeward voyage. At its southern extremity the sand-bank merges in the beach of the island, and is backed by

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A1595 Review: Anon. 1868. [Review of Variation]. Darwin's new book. Nottinghamshire Guardian (14 February): 9. Text PDF

present content ourselves with saying that these volumes are devoted to the whole subject of variation under domestication. Domestic animals, horses, pigs, cattle, pigeons, fowls—in fact, birds, beasts, fishes, insects down to silk worms, cultivated plants, cereals and culinary, fruit trees, ornamental trees, flowers sports — all these are examined in the first volume; while the second volume is devoted to such subjects as Inheritance, Reversion, Crossing, Hybridisation, Selection, Causes and

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F877.1 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 1. Text Image PDF

young resemble each other closely, whilst the adults differ much. It would be useless, even if it were possible, to describe all the many kinds of silk-worms. Several distinct species exist in India and China which produce useful silk, and some of these are capable of freely crossing with the common silk-moth, as has been recently ascertained in France. Captain Hutton63 states that throughout the world at least six species have been domesticated; and he believes that the silk-moths reared in

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F877.2 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 2. Text Image PDF

would be called one of alternate generation. The young thus developed may either closely resemble the encasing parent-form, as with the larvæ of Cecidomyia, or may differ to an astonishing degree, as with many parasitic worms and with jelly-fishes; but this does not make any essential difference in the process, any more than the greatness or abruptness of the change in the metamorphoses of insects. The whole question of development is of great importance for our present subject. When an organ, the

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F878.1 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., second issue. vol. 1. Text Image PDF

young resemble each other closely, whilst the adults differ much. It would be useless, even if it were possible, to describe all the many kinds of silk-worms. Several distinct species exist in India and China which produce useful silk, and some of these are capable of freely crossing with the common silk-moth, as has been recently ascertained in France. Captain Hutton63 states that throughout the world at least six species have been domesticated; and he believes that the silk-moths reared in

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F878.2 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., second issue. vol. 2. Text Image PDF

would be called one of alternate generation. The young thus developed may either closely resemble the encasing parent-form, as with the larv of Cecidomyia, or may differ to an astonishing degree, as with many parasitic worms and with jelly-fishes; but this does not make any essential difference in the process, any more than the greatness or abruptness of the change in the metamorphoses of insects. The whole question of development is of great importance for our present subject. When an organ, the

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F879.1 Book: Darwin, C. R. [1868]. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. With a preface by Asa Gray. New York: Orange Judd and Co. vol. 1. Text Image PDF

most other domestic animals, the young resemble each other closely, whilst the adults differ much. It would be useless, even if it were possible, to describe all the many kinds of silk-worms. Several distinct species exist in India and China which produce useful silk, and some of these are capable of freely crossing with the common silk-moth, as has been recently ascertained in France. Captain Hutton63 states that throughout the world at least six species have been domesticated; and he

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F879.1 Book: Darwin, C. R. [1868]. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. With a preface by Asa Gray. New York: Orange Judd and Co. vol. 1. Text Image PDF

. 67 My authorities for these statements will be given in the chapter on Selection. 68 Manuel de lEducateur de Vers Soie, 1848. 69 Robinet, idem, pp. 12, 318. I may add that the eggs of N. American silk-worms taken to the Sandwich Islands were very irregularly developed; and the moths thus raised produced eggs which were even worse in this respect. Some were hatched in ten days, and others not until after the lapse of many months. No doubt a regular early character would ultimately have been

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F914.1 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1868. Das Variiren der Thiere und Pflanzen im Zustande der Domestication. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart. vol. 1. Text Image PDF

Character erlangt worden sein. s. die Anzeige (in Athenaeum, 1844, p. 329) von J. Jarves's Scenes in the Sandwich Islands. ™ The Art of rearing Silk-worms, translated from Count Dandolo. 1825, p. 23 [page break

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A604 Review: Lewes, George Henry. 1868. Mr. Darwin's hypotheses. Fortnightly Review n.s. 3 (April, June); 353-73, 611-28, 4 (July), (November): 61-80, 492-509. Text Image

removed. We find the new tissue appear (1) In the valuable memoir on the Anatomy and Physiology of the Nematoids, by Dr. CHARLTON BASTIAN, which appeared in the Philosophical Transactions for 1866, we read that even these lowly-organised worms have little power of repair. Speaking of the paste eels (Anguilulid ) he says, I may state as the result of many experiments? with these that the power they possess of repairing injuries seems very low. I hare cut off portions of the posterior extremity, and

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A604 Review: Lewes, George Henry. 1868. Mr. Darwin's hypotheses. Fortnightly Review n.s. 3 (April, June); 353-73, 611-28, 4 (July), (November): 61-80, 492-509. Text Image

, earth-worms, molluscs, scolopendra, and fire-flies, we may easily suppose the presence of similar organic conditions producing the luminosity; it requires a strong faith to assign Natural Selection as the cause.3 We may say the same of the electric (1) SPENCER, Principles of Biology, II. 72. (2) FAIVRE, Variabilit de l'Esp ce, p. 15. (3) These luminous organs would furnish an interesting digression, if space permitted it. The student is referred to the chapter in MILNE EDWARD'S Le ons sur la

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F877.1 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 1. Text Image PDF

. 329, of J. Jarves' 'Scenes in the Sandwich Islands.' 70 'The Art of rearing Silk-worms,' translated from Count Dandolo, 1825, p. 23. [page] 30

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F877.1 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 1. Text Image PDF

leaves, produced in large quantity, but with the one inconvenience, that they are best adapted for the worms after their fourth moult. MM. Jacquemet-Bonnefont, of Lyon, however, remark in their catalogue (1862) that two sub-varieties have been confounded under the name of the roso, one having leaves too thick for the caterpillars, the other being valuable because the leaves can easily be gathered from the branches without the bark being torn. In India the mulberry has also given rise to many

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F878.1 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., second issue. vol. 1. Text Image PDF

'Scenes in the Sandwich Islands.' 70 'The Art of rearing Silk-worms,' translated from Court Dandolo, 1825, p. 23. [page] 30

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F878.1 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., second issue. vol. 1. Text Image PDF

leaves, produced in large quantity, but with the one inconvenience, that they are best adapted for the worms after their fourth moult. MM. Jacquemet-Bonnefont, of Lyon, however, remark in their catalogue (1862) that two sub-varieties have been confounded under the name of the roso, one having leaves too thick for the caterpillars, the other being valuable because the leaves can easily be gathered from the branches without the bark being torn. In India the mulberry has also given rise to many

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F878.2 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., second issue. vol. 2. Text Image PDF

We see this with the many domestic races of quadrupeds and birds belonging to different orders, with gold-fish and silk-worms, with plants of many kinds, raised in various quarters of the world. In the deserts of northern Africa the date-palm has yielded thirty-eight varieties; in the fertile plains of India it is notorious how many varieties of rice and of a host of other plants exist; in a single Polynesian island, twenty-four varieties of the bread-fruit, the same number of the banana, and

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F879.1 Book: Darwin, C. R. [1868]. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. With a preface by Asa Gray. New York: Orange Judd and Co. vol. 1. Text Image PDF

rapidly being abandoned because it produces much fruit mingled with the leaves: the antofino yields deeply cut leaves of the finest quality, but not in great quantity: the claro is much sought for because the leaves can be easily collected: lastly, the roso bears strong hardy leaves, produced in large quantity, but with the one inconvenience, that they are best adapted for the worms after their fourth moult. MM. Jacquemet-Bonnefont, of Lyon, however, remark in their catalogue (1862) that two

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F877.2 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 2. Text Image PDF

., on pointers, i. 42. BORY de Saint-Vincent, on gold-fish, i. 297. Bos, probable origin of European domestic cattle from three species of, i. 83. Bos frontosus, i. 79, 81-82. Bos indicus, i. 79. Bos longifrons, i. 79, 81. Bos primigenius, i. 79-81, 119. Bos sondaicus, ii. 206. Bos taurus, i. 79. Bos trochoceros, i. 81. BOSC, heredity in foliage-varieties of the elm, i. 362. BOSSE, production of double flowers from old seed, ii. 167. BOSSI, on breeding dark-coloured silk-worms, i. 302. BOUCHARDAT

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F877.2 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 2. Text Image PDF

colour of plumage in pigeons, i. 194; of changes in silk-worms, i. 304; in plants, ii. 219; in maize, i. 323; in pigeons, i. 167-171, 218; in fowls, i. 274-275. CORRESPONDING periods, inheritance at, ii. 75-80. CORRIENTES, dwarf cattle of, i. 89. CORRINGHAM, Mr., influence of selection on pigs, ii. 198. CORSICA, ponies of, i. 52. CORTBECK (pigeon) of Aldrovandi, i. 209. Corvus corone and C. cornix, hybrids of, ii. 94. Corydalis, flower of, ii. 304. Corydalis cava, ii. 132-133. Corydalis solida

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F877.2 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 2. Text Image PDF

WHITBY. YAKS. —————————————————————————————— vantage of change of soil to, ii. 146; differences of, in various parts of India, ii. 165; continuous variation in, ii. 200; red, hardiness of, ii. 229, 336; Fenton, ii. 232; natural selection in, ii. 233; varieties of, found wild, ii. 260; effects of change of climate on, ii. 307; ancient variety of, ii. 429. WHITBY, Mrs., on the markings of silk-worms, i. 302; on the silkmoth, i. 303. WHITE, Mr., reproduction of supernumerary digits after

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F878.2 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., second issue. vol. 2. Text Image PDF

gold-fish, i. 297. Bos, probable origin of European domestic cattle from three species of, i. 83. Bos frontosus, i. 79, 81-82. Bos indicus, i. 79. Bos longifrons, i. 79, 81. Bos primigenius, i. 79-81, 119. Bos sondaicus, ii. 206. Bos taurus, i. 79. Bos trochoceros, i. 81. Bosc, heredity in foliage-varieties of the elm, i. 362. BOSSE, production of double flowers from old seed, ii. 167. BOSSI, on breeding dark-coloured silk-worms, i. 302. BOUCHARDAT, on the vine disease, i. 334. BOUDIN, on local

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A263 Book: Müller, Fritz. 1869. Facts and arguments for Darwin. Translated by W. S. Dallas. London: John Murray. Text Image PDF

which the species, in the course of untold thousands of years, has struggled up to its present state. Figs. 65, 66, 67.1 One of the simplest examples is furnished by the development of the Tubicolar Annelids; but from its very simplicity it appears well adapted to open the eyes of many who, perhaps, would rather 1 Figs. 65-67. Young Tubicolar worms, magnified with the simple lens about 6 diam.: 65.a without operculum, Protula-stage; 66. with a barbate opercular peduncle, Filograna-stage; 67. with a

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CUL-DAR116.123-124 Abstract: [Undated] Claparède E `Zeitschrift wiss Zoologie' 19 1869: 563-624 Text Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online (2 Claparède p. 601— no canal in trunk for saliva [Earthworms, p. 42: Claparède doubts whether saliva is secreted by worms: see 'Zeitschrift für wissenschaft. Zoologie,' B. xix. 1869, p. 601. ] 602 from structure of muscles of trunk judges that it is folded for sucking. (add after describing this agree with inference from structure) p. 603 3 pairs of lime-secreting glands— — the first the largest, often with rhombs of carbonate of lime.— when single

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F387 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1869. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 5th ed. Tenth thousand. Text Image PDF

poreal and mental endowments will tend to progress towards perfection. It is interesting to contemplate a tangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the damp earth, and to reflect that these elaborately constructed forms, so different from each other, and dependent on each other in so complex a manner, have all been produced by laws acting around us. These laws, taken in the

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A1013.1 Book: Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. vol. 1. Text

great puzzles to strangers, who cannot understand who can possibly have heaped together cartloads of rubbish in such out-of-the-way places; and when they inquire of the natives they are but little wiser, for it almost always appears to them the wildest romance to be told that it is all done by birds. The species found in Lombock is about the size of a small hen, and entirely of dark olive and brown tints. It is a miscellaneous feeder, devouring fallen fruits, earth-worms, snails, and centipedes

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A263 Book: Müller, Fritz. 1869. Facts and arguments for Darwin. Translated by W. S. Dallas. London: John Murray. Text Image PDF

Darwinian theory, whilst the relationship of this parasite to the free-living worms of the open sea remains perfectly unintelligible under the supposition that it was independently created for dwelling in the Lepas. But however favourable the examples hitherto referred to may be for Darwin, the objection may be raised against them, and that with perfect justice, that they are only isolated facts, which, when the considerations founded upon them are carried far beyond what is immediately given, may

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A263 Book: Müller, Fritz. 1869. Facts and arguments for Darwin. Translated by W. S. Dallas. London: John Murray. Text Image PDF

through Nordmann, that the same earliest form belonged to several parasitic Crustacea, which had previously passed, almost universally, as worms; but the connecting intermediate forms which would have permitted us to refer the regions of the body and the limbs of the larvæ to those of the adult animal, were wanting. The comprehensive and careful investigations of Claus have filled up this deficiency in our knowledge, and rendered the section of the Copepoda one of the best known in the whole

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A263 Book: Müller, Fritz. 1869. Facts and arguments for Darwin. Translated by W. S. Dallas. London: John Murray. Text Image PDF

opercular peduncle, of the genus Filograna, only that the latter possesses two opercula. In three days more, during which a new pair of branchial filaments had sprouted forth, the opercular peduncle had lost its lateral filaments (fig. 67), and the worms had become Serpulæ. Here the supposition at once presents itself that the primitive tubicolar worm was a Protula,—that some of its descendants, which had already become developed into perfect Protulæ, subsequently improved themselves by the formation of

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A263 Book: Müller, Fritz. 1869. Facts and arguments for Darwin. Translated by W. S. Dallas. London: John Murray. Text Image PDF

different may be the course of this process in other respects. In general, as already stated, it will be advantageous to the young to commence the struggle for existence in the form of their parents and furnished with all their advantages—in general, but not without exceptions. It is perfectly clear that a brood capable of locomotion is almost indispensable to attached animals, and that the larvæ of sluggish Mollusca, or of worms burrowing in the ground, c., by swarming briskly through the sea

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F387 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1869. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 5th ed. Tenth thousand. Text Image PDF

. When a species, owing to highly favourable circumstances, increases inordinately in numbers in a small tract, epidemics at least, this seems generally to occur with our game animals often ensue: and here we have a limiting check independent of the struggle for life. But even some of these so-called epidemics appear to be due to parasitic worms, which have from some cause, possibly in part through facility of diffusion amongst the crowded animals, been disproportionally favoured: and here comes in a

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F387 Book: Darwin, C. R. 1869. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 5th ed. Tenth thousand. Text Image PDF

attention to the subject. Turning for a very brief space to animals: on the land there are some hermaphrodites, as land-mollusca and earth-worms; but these all pair. As yet I have not found a single case of a terrestrial animal which fertilises itself. We can understand this remarkable fact, which offers so strong a contrast with terrestrial plants, I 2 [page] 11

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F1745 Periodical contribution: Darwin, C. R. 1869. The formation of mould by worms. Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette no. 20 (15 May): 530. Text Image PDF

Darwin, C. R. 1869. The formation of mould by worms. Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette No. 20 (15 May): 530. [page] 530 The Formation of Mould by Worms. As Mr. Fish asks me in so obliging a manner whether I continue of the same opinion as formerly in regard to the efficiency of worms in bringing up within their intestines fine soil from below, I must answer in the affirmative.1 I have made no more actual measurements, but I have watched during the last 25 years the gradual, and at

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