F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

Protozoa, C lenterata, Echinodermata, Scolecida, secondary sexual characters, of the kind which we have to consider, do not occur; and this fact agrees with the belief that such characters in the higher classes have been acquired through sexual selection, which depends on the will, desire, and choice of either sex. Nevertheless some few apparent exceptions occur; thus, as I hear from Dr. Baird, the males of certain Entozoa, or internal parasitic worms, differ slightly in colour from the females

F944    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

been the result of ordinary or natural selection. Some animals extremely low in the scale have been modified for this same purpose; thus the males of certain parasitic worms, when fully grown, have the lower surface of the terminal part of their bodies roughened [page] 21

A294    Periodical contribution:     Cobbold, T. S. 1874. Notes on Entozoa. Part II. [Read 2 January] Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 48: 124-8, 1 plate.   Text   Image   PDF

pigeon exhibited no traces of emaciation. From this it was evident that the parasites had developed rapidly, and that the malady had a correspondingly rapid formation. The local distribution of the parasites themselves was especially noteworthy. One specimen, two inches long, extended from the crop to the proventriculus. The cavity of this latter organ and also that of the gizzard were crammed with worms, which completely blocked the passage between the two. Three of the worms had also placed

A294    Periodical contribution:     Cobbold, T. S. 1874. Notes on Entozoa. Part II. [Read 2 January] Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 48: 124-8, 1 plate.   Text   Image   PDF

small phial in which were two Worms that I had long previously received from Dr. Murie. They were sent to me during the time of his official connexion with the Society's Menagerie. The smaller parasite, as was stated on a label, came from the stomach of an Opossum (Didelphys azar ). The worm was evidently a female, but, unfortunately, not in a satisfactory state of preservation. It measured more than an inch in length by 1/10 in breadth. The accompanying figure may be useful (fig. 5); but the

A294    Periodical contribution:     Cobbold, T. S. 1874. Notes on Entozoa. Part II. [Read 2 January] Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 48: 124-8, 1 plate.   Text   Image   PDF

, like the fluid in which they float, are, I suspect, chemically comparable to the juice of flesh. At all events, Dr. Marcet has proved that the perivisceral fluid of the large lumbricoid worm of the horse (Ascaris megalocephala) partakes of this character; and it is no uncommon thing to notice similar corpuscles in the bodies of other nematode worms. Dujardin himself refers to similar bodies in an Ascaris from the Perroquet. I have purposely represented a few of the eggs along with the nutritive

LINSOC-DWC.2.1    Draft:    [1875--1880]   Draft leaf of Earthworms, 1/ pp. 25-6, and Cross and self fertilisation 386/pp. 200-201   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [1] (1 Worms appear to be less sensitive to moderate radiant heat than to a bright light. … When placed on a table close to the keys of a piano, which was played as loudly as possible, they remained perfectly quiet. [1v

F2106    Periodical contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1970. [Recollection of and letters to de Vries]. In Peter W. van der Pas. The correspondence of Hugo de Vries and Charles Darwin. Janus 57: 173-213.   Text

, which you had the great kindness of sending me. I had often observed the frequent occurrence of these worms and their castings and was acquainted with (them) on account of Henle's paper, but had not the least suspicion of the prominent part, worms have taken in the formation of vegetable mould, as I learn from your observations. After reading the first chapter of your book, I have been attending to the habits of worms, and had the good fortune of repeating some of your interesting observations

F2109    Book contribution:     Nevill, Dorothy. [1875-1881]. [Recollection and letter of Darwin]. In Nevill, Ralph ed. 1919. The life and letters of Lady Dorothy Nevill. London: Methuen, pp. 56-58.   Text

strength, however, failed me. I am glad that you have been at all interested by my book on earth-worms. I beg leave to remain, Your Ladyship's, faithfully and obliged, Charles Darwin. Though Darwin did not come to her, she went to him. Mrs. Darwin was rather perturbed before the visit, fearing that the extreme simplicity of life at Down would pall upon one used to the gaieties of country-house visiting. Before this visit, accordingly, she wrote to my mother saying that she understood that those who

F2111    Book contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1896. [Recollections of Darwin and correspondence with Romanes, 1875-1881]. In E. D. Romanes ed., The life and letters of George John Romanes. 6th impression. London: Longmans, 1908.   Text

further information that you may desire I shall be happy to give; but please remember how much your assistance is desired. This is a very delightful place, though not very conducive to work. If any of your sons are in Scotland and should care for a few days' sport with other scientific men on the spree, please tell them that they will find open house and welcome here. The proofs of my book on Animal Intelligence are coming in. I hope your work on Worms will be out in time for me to mention it and its

F1217    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. Insectivorous plants. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

mind what I have witnessed when a small snake makes a large frog its victim. But as the valve does not appear to be in the least irritable, the slow swallowing process must be the effect of the onward movement of the larva. It is difficult to conjecture what can attract so many creatures, animal- and vegetable-feeding crustaceans, worms, tardigrades, and various larvae, to enter the bladders. Mrs. Treat says that the larvae just referred to are vegetable-feeders, and seem to have a special

F1220    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. Insectivorous plants. New York: D. Appleton.   Text   Image   PDF

mind what I have witnessed when a small snake makes a large frog its victim. But as the valve does not appear to be in the least irritable, the slow swallowing process must be the effect of the onward movement of the larva. It is difficult to conjecture what can attract so many creatures, animal- and vegetable-feeding crustaceans, worms, tardigrades, and various larvae, to enter the bladders. Mrs. Treat says that the larvae just referred to are vegetable-feeders, and seem to have a special

F2111    Book contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1896. [Recollections of Darwin and correspondence with Romanes, 1875-1881]. In E. D. Romanes ed., The life and letters of George John Romanes. 6th impression. London: Longmans, 1908.   Text

giving my independent judgment before the Medical Congress. I really cannot imagine what I could say. I will now turn to another subject: my little book on Worms has been long finished, but Murray was so strongly opposed to publishing it at the dead season, that I yielded. I have told the printers to send you a set of clean sheets, which you can afterwards have stitched together. There is hardly anything in it which can interest you. Two or three papers by Hermann M ller have just appeared in

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

, to describe all the many kinds of silk-worms. Several distinct species exist in India and China which produce useful silk, and some of these are capable of freely crossing with the common silk-moth, as has been recently ascertained in France. Captain Hutton65 states that throughout the world at least six species have been domesticated; and he believes that the silk-moths reared in Europe belong to two or three species. This, how- 64 'The Cottage Gardener,' May 1860, p. 110; and ditto in 'Journal

F880.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

special manner. These organs, however, together with their accessory parts, have high functions to perform. They adapt one or both elements for independent temporary existence, and for mutual union. The stigmatic secretion acts on the pollen of a plant of the same species in a wholly different manner to what it does on the pollen of one belonging to a distinct genus or family. The spermatophores of the Cephalopoda are wonderfully complex structures, which were formerly mistaken for parasitic worms

F880.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 2d ed. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

: lastly, the roso bears strong hardy leaves, produced in large quantity, but with the one inconvenience, that they are best adapted for the worms after their fourth moult. MM. Jacquemet-Bonnefont, of Lyon, however, remark in their catalogue (1862) that two sub-varieties have been confounded under the name of the roso, one having leaves too thick for the caterpillars, the other being valuable because the leaves can easily be gathered from the branches without the bark being torn. In India the

CUL-DAR26.1-121    Draft:    [1876--1882.04.00]   'Recollections of the development of my mind and character' [autobiography] author's fair copy   Text   Image

p. 4 (a) continued I could kill the worms with salt water, from that day I never spitted a living worm, though at the expense; as I believe probably, of some loss of success. Once as a very little boy, whilst at the day-school, or before that time, I acted cruelly, for I beat a puppy I believe, simply from enjoying the sense of power; but the beating could not have been severe, for the puppy did not howl, of which I feel sure as the spot was near to the house. This act lay heavily on my

F401    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. The origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 6th ed., with additions and corrections. [First issue of final definitive text]   Text   Image   PDF

ANIMALCULE. A minute animal: generally applied to those visible only by the microscope. ANNELIDS. A class of worms in which the surface of the body exhibits a more or less distinct division into rings or segments, generally provided with appendages for locomotion and with gills. It includes the ordinary marine worms, the earthworms, and the leeches. ANTENN . Jointed organs appended to the head in Insects, Crustacea and Centipedes, and not belonging to the mouth. ANTHERS. The summits of the

CUL-DAR26.1-121    Draft:    [1876--1882.04.00]   'Recollections of the development of my mind and character' [autobiography] author's fair copy   Text   Image

possesses. I have now (May 1st 1881) sent to the printers the M.S. of a little book on The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms. This is a subject of but small importance; I know not whether it will interest any readers,1 but it has interested me. It is the completion of a short paper read before the Geological Society more than 40 years ago, has revived old geological thoughts.2 1 Between November 1881 February 1884, 8,500 copies were sold. — F.D. 2 End of 1881 Addendum. Beginning

F276    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. Geological observations on the volcanic islands and parts of South America visited during the voyage of H.M.S. 'Beagle'. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

it be explained by the brackish condition of the water, or by the deep mud at the bottom? I have stated that both the reddish mud and the concretions of tosca-rock are often penetrated by minute, linear cavities, such as frequently may be observed in fresh-water calcareous deposits: were they produced by the burrowing of small worms? Only on this view [page] 35

F276    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. Geological observations on the volcanic islands and parts of South America visited during the voyage of H.M.S. 'Beagle'. 2d ed. London: Smith Elder and Co.   Text   Image   PDF

great cubes, is very striking. In a large salina, northward of the Rio Negro, the salt at the bottom, during the whole year, is between two and three feet in thickness. The salt rests almost always on a thick bed of black muddy sand, which is fetid, probably from the decay of the burrowing worms inhabiting it.3 In a salina, situated about fifteen miles above the town of El Carmen on the Rio Negro, and three or four miles from the banks of that river, I observed that this black mud rested on

F401    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. The origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 6th ed., with additions and corrections. [First issue of final definitive text]   Text   Image   PDF

Australian trees are dichogamous, the same result would follow as if they bore flowers with separated sexes. I have made these few remarks on trees simply to call attention to the subject. Turning for a brief space to animals: various terrestrial species are hermaphrodites, such as the land-mollusca and earth-worms; but these all pair. As yet I have not found a single terrestrial animal which can fertilise itself. This remarkable fact, which offers so strong a contrast with terrestrial plants, is

CUL-DAR65.122    Abstract:    [1877--1881]   Hensen `[reference identified]': 364   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 122 Hensen p. 364 doubt from chemical reasons about worms getting food out of Humus — minute egg microscopical organism - Utricularia in earth [Von Hensen in Kiel. 1877.  Die Thätigkeit des Regenwurms (Lumbricus terrestris L.) für die Fruchtbarkeit des Erdbodens. Zeitschrift für wissenschaft. Zoologie. Bd. 28: 354-364

CUL-DAR64.2.67-72    Note:    [1877]   Notes on Mr Joyce's Report / From notes by Francis & Horace Darwin   Text   Image

4) wall belonged to the early period, and that this early period was before the time of Claudius 2nd. (15) Frank found two worms under flat tile lying on one of the [illeg] walls, on black mould among gigantic flints of which the wall was built. The top flint would be very easily removed, it looked as if the wall had been built with black mould instead of mortar; Mr. Joyce said that wall were sometimes built of mud in the later times. (16) There were hypocaust in course of being uncovered now

F948    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1877. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. Twelfth thousand, revised and augmented. (final text). London: John Murray.   Text   PDF

Häckel maintains that it ought to form a distinct class in the vertebrate kingdom. This fish is remarkable for its negative characters; it can hardly be said to possess a brain, vertebral column, or heart, c.; so that it was classed by the older naturalists amongst the worms. Many years ago Prof. Goodsir perceived that the lancelet presented some affinities with the Ascidians, which are invertebrate, hermaphrodite, marine creatures permanently attached to a support. They hardly appear like animals

F948    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1877. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. Twelfth thousand, revised and augmented. (final text). London: John Murray.   Text   PDF

fertility and cause ill-health amongst savages. 245 195-6 Darkness of skin a protection against the sun. 250 199-206 Note by Professor Huxley on the development of the brain in man and apes. 256 209-210 Special organs of male parasitic worms for holding the female. 275-6 224-5 Greater variability of male than female; direct action of the environment in causing differences between the sexes. 290 235 Period of development of protuberances on birds' heads determines their transmission to one or both sexes