A1016    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1880. Island life: or, the phenomena and causes of insular faunas and floras, including a revision and attempted solution of the problem of geological climates. London: Macmillan & Co.   Text

form a very characteristic portion of the vegetation of the Mascarene Islands, all the species being peculiar and confined each to a single island or small group, we may perhaps consider it as a relic of the indigenous fauna of that more extensive land of which the present islands are the remains. The serpentine Amphibia are represented by two species of Cœcilia. These creatures externally resemble large worms, except that they have a true head with jaws and rudimentary eyes, while internally

A398    Periodical contribution:     Dalsgaard, J. N. L. 1880. Om Naturlovenes Uforanderlighed I. Nordisk Maanedsskrift (2): 44-60.   Text   Image

eller grændse skuldevære sat for stjærnerne, om det end er umulig atopdage de yderste deraf selv med det væbnede oje,eller at der ikke må være sat mål og grændse forrummet, selv om dette mål og denne grændse for osviser sig som umålelig og ubegrændset, eller hvad viogså kunde kalde uendelig stort. Den sunde menne-skeforstand, som vi ene har brug for ved sådanneundersøgelser (ligesom det jo også var dertil, at Lutherappellerede på rigsdagen i Worms), indser let, at mangodt kan tælle i tanken i det

F1325    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1880. The power of movement in plants. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

scratching birds, by the castings of earth-worms, by heaps of excrement, the decaying branches of trees, etc., and will thus be pressed down; and they must often fall into cracks when the ground is dry, or into holes. Even with seeds lying on the bare surface, the first developed root-hairs, by becoming attached to stones or other objects on the surface, are able to hold down the upper part of the radicle, whilst the tip penetrates the ground. Sachs has shown* how well and closely root-hairs

CWRU-StecherWormsMS    Draft:    [1880--1881]   Draft leaves of Earthworms, folios 54   Text   Image

washed completely away. We may therefore conclude that all ancient mounds, when not formed of materials unfavourable to worms, will have been somewhat lowered in the course of centuries, although their inclinations may not have been greatly changed. Fields formerly ploughed.—From a very remote period and in many countries, land has been ploughed, so that convex beds, called crowns or ridges, usually about 8 feet across and separated by furrows, have been thrown up. The furrows are directed so as

CUL-DAR63.83    Note:    1880.01.18   Fine rain at first & afterwards from worms there wd be more burrows at   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 83 Jan 18 1880 - Fine rain at first afterwards for worms there cd be more furrows at a a c than elsewhere though more worms consequently Earth brought often to surface contributed [sketch] (N. B von Hensen calculation of weight of excrement quantity sections which passes through worms stomach annually all this well triturated) so now from lawn that some particles flow down surface of ...? which wd be called level. Though the slope of basal part of

CUL-DAR65.3-6,6v    Note:    1880.06.17--1880.07.17   Wormoscope / 11.45 am put 1 gigantic & 1 small worm in — can travel   Text   Image

(3 Worms First Pot (sand). 1880 July 16th saw worms in both pots at night (moves in day) drawing leaves of cabbage raspberry towards holes — Ant. extremity in contact seem always truncated, when they let hold could not drag the object further, I saw that bits of the leaf had been drawn into hollow cone at extremity. As they become attached to a leaf, the anterior part swelled, probably due to pharynx advancing. A very slight cap to pot is transmitted through the earth causes them to withdraw

CUL-DAR65.1    Note:    1880.06.18--1880.08.29   Notes — Worms / on shaded walk Sand-walk — a sprinkling of leaves   Text   Image

The 2 Lime leaves have been left in water since 5˚ P.m. July 16th to see about rotting Aug. 3d 8˚ a.m I think the 2 lime leaves are more rotted when they had been moistened by worms; but I can perceive no other difference in them in damp air. Aug 29th — I can perceive no difference in the rotting of the Lime leaves; nor in the Oak leaves — If there is any difference it must be quite insignificant — Sept 9th no difference, threw away. (My pots covered with glass-Plates, so air beneath damp

CUL-DAR64.1.16-20    Note:    [1880].07.21--[1880].08.11   Tried breathing gently on worms with mans breath & with cotton wool with   Text   Image

Light times by concentrating light with Bull's-eye on [anterior] extremity of worms they dashed in, but failed once. This is Pot 2. with smaller worms — In Pot 1 with larger worms feeding the bulls-eye seemed to produce no effect. Aug 9th tried several times with the Lens acted over failed for some time, but young worm was eating. Is it necessary that light shd strike worms in some particular direction or must the rings be stretched out thus made translucent? 10th Again last night the worms

CUL-DAR64.1.16-20    Note:    [1880].07.21--[1880].08.11   Tried breathing gently on worms with mans breath & with cotton wool with   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 16 [21 June-11 August 1880] 5) Smell Tried breathing gently on worms with mans breath with cotton wool with mille-fleur perfume, little acetic acid tobacco chewed in my mouth; but it was the smaller worm not so sensitive timid as the older one. Jul 21 — I tried holding with pincers dab of cotton wool soaked with saliva afterwards with mille-fleur near them, but produced no effect. Current of air So might it certainly seemed that removing glass-plate

CUL-DAR64.1.23    Note:    [1880].07.27   Vision on 2 or 3 ocasions out of very numerous trials when I suddenly   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 23 July 27th [1880] Vision on 2 or 3 occasions out of very numerous trials, when I suddenly illuminated worms with candle they started back, as if they saw light; I am almost positive there was at the last jar they were covered by glass-plates — inexplicable case

CUL-DAR64.1.24    Note:    [1880].07.29--[1880].09.15   Meat / In Pot 2 for many hours 1 worm had almost buried in cut end of raw   Text   Image

Mental Qualities— perhaps they have some social feeling that sometime lie in contact are not at all afraid of other worms crawling over their bodies Hoffmeister (?) But Hensen has never seen seven says that they lie up in winter rolled together into a ball. Aug 28 put 1/2 dead worm on surface of both pots both were dragged to holes — Probably cannibal. Hensen, Victor. 1877. Die Thätigkeit des Regenwurms (Lumbricus terrestris L.) für die Fruchtbarkeit des Erdbodens. Zeitschrift für

CUL-DAR65.7    Note:    1880.08.06   saw worm depositing castings by a peristaltic movement — they were not   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 7 Aug 6th 1880 saw worms depositing castings by a peristaltic movement — They were not deposited by chance on one side but all round orifice

CUL-DAR64.1.26-27    Note:    1880.08.27   Ivy Leaf / Looked at the track with reflected light with 4 & 5 HK but 4   Text   Image

Aug 27 Ivy leaf (worms) Fig 1 — HK 4 This is a sketch done quickly giving the general appearance, not an absolute copy Fig 2 [sketch] rough sketch done from memory to show kind of appearanc

CUL-DAR64.1.28-33    Note:    [1880].09.01--[1880].09.07   Trypsin on leaves [together with Thymol]   Text   Image

of the lower side of leaf which had been pulled out of a worm's burrow were put in Iodine solution it was found that the guard cells were almost emptied of their contents contained no starch, whereas those near the base of the lead has starch in plenty. (The unimmersed brown parts of the elm 3

CUL-DAR65.11    Note:    [1880].09.08--[1880].09.19   Young Ivy leaf which was 1/2 rotten from having been kept in water now   Text   Image

Sept 8th [1880] Young Ivy leaf which was 1/2 rotten from having been kept in water now has parenchyma gnawed away on one side — Too hard for worms until rotted Sept 19th I am now certain that they prefer greatly fresh wild cherry-leaves to those fresh of Corylus Lime. (Used

CUL-DAR64.1.36-37    Note:    1880.09.09--1880.09.12   Darwin Francis (Sir [1913]) to Darwin Charles Robert   Text   Image

Sep. 12th. Baveno For the first two hours of our way down here from Macugnaga I looked out for worms but saw none. The fields grass about Zermatt and Macugnaga so far as I have seen, have not that peculiar hummocky appearance, which is seen at home in fields which are habitually grazed by sheep

CUL-DAR64.1.36-37    Note:    1880.09.09--1880.09.12   Darwin Francis (Sir [1913]) to Darwin Charles Robert   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 36 [Notes by Francis Darwin] Sep 9th. 1880 Macugnaga Worms. Macugnaga is 5115 ft. above the sea. It rained heavily last night. I found one small worm casting near here in an open place in a larch wood. Higher up the valley, 300 ft. I should say above this, I found several small castings. The castings are evidently made by a very small worm, were very small. I saw the tail of one of them. The hole through which the castings are made must have been

CUL-DAR64.1.41    Note:    1880.09.15   Worms / Lime leaf from worms burrow — The guard cells of the stomata at   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 41 Sep 15/80 Worms Lime leaf from worms burrow — The guard cells of the stomata at the base of the leaf (which is green) are all full of starch — Those of the apex of leaf contain undoubtedly much less starch than those at the base. Those of the extra ragged bit at the apex contained no starch Many stomata are seen with starch gone only out of one guard cell. The nucleus is still present in the cells at the base but has disappeared at the apex

CUL-DAR64.1.43-45    Note:    [1880].09.22--[1880].09.24   Worms / specimen almost decolorised in alcohol   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 43 Sep 22 Worms specimens almost decolorised in alcohol Hazel leaf dragged in — no starch at either the part which has been in or the other Ash 3 leaves almost decolorised in alcohol. The apex had been dragged in — On first looking the stomata cells at apex looked quite emptied out but in one set of specimens after boiling in glycerine caustic potash starch became visible — In another set this did not produce any effect. The guard cells at the base of

CUL-DAR65.12    Note:    [1880].09.24--[1880].09.30   Leaves Drawn into Holes / a large majority of small leaves drawn into   Text   Image

Pines-leaves — no exception — perhaps posterior end pricklier then noses. They must be dragged in by either end — but if so the above move nearer then I shd have expected, for worms to try the other end. 25th Have examined ends no trace of gnawing ends well adapted for discovery, as concentric with central knob — or simple knob — good as proof of by draw in are same 12

CUL-DAR64.1.50    Note:    1880.10.03--1880.10.10   ordinarily worms do not leave altogether holes (except sick ones)   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 50 Oct 3d 80 ordinarily worms do not leave altogether holes (except sick ones) but there have been some walk of dry weather yesterday there were torrents of rain, early this morning the walks wherever part allowed of tracks being left, were covered almost everywhere by tracks; so that 5 tracks crossed space of about one inch square — no dead worms about — They sometimes spread stock new places — (I must comment what I have said at Abinger that the now

CUL-DAR65.17-18    Note:    1880.10.07   Worms drawing in leaves / Today in defined places I looked at 260 leaves   Text   Image

told by doubling the leaves on themselves. When other was any difference the basal end a little narrower than the apical end therefore better fitted for being dragged into the holes. [in margin:] except with coniferæ — It would appear that the worms (3) judge chiefly, but not exclusively by the absence of the footstalk seize the leaves by the apex or near the apex, as aided I have seen the worms doing in confinement say they could not have been guided by shape of leaf, but by presence of base

CUL-DAR65.20-21    Note:    1880.10.08   Rt hand worm / Saw him drag several near the hole by the middle & try to   Text   Image

(2 Oct 8th Left hand worm, reared himself up seized the base of one whose apex was partly in his hole, he gave a strong pull got the base at last to the beginning of the burrow doubling the needle somewhat Saw a Rt hand worm swallow the base of a needle then wave his head about for some seconds then reject it. The Left worms seem less sensitive to yellow light, I watched them for some time with a taper Oct 9th one drawn in by apex with other worm outside. Is Scotch-fir endemic in S. England

CUL-DAR63.39-40    Note:    1880.10.11--1880.10.19   Action of Gizzard — Worms / Castings from gravel-walk at Abinger   Text   Image

rounded, other bit lost. (6) 2 of cinder decidedly rounded — 3 of flint of which only one with Edges decidedly a little rounded. (7) rose-thorn — 2 of cinders 1/2 rounded — 4 of flint, one of which with Edge hardly at all blunted, 2 partly well rounded. From intestine of same worm, 3 of coal or cinders — 1 of flint 1 of mortar, little well rounded — others in same state as those in gizzards The number of bits of cinder — soft stone brick come as if the worms produced softish substances, yet a good

CUL-DAR64.1.51    Note:    1880.10.15   Worms / (not on Heaths) / On Keston Common in the triangle between the   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 51 Oct 15/ 80 Worms (not on Heaths) On Keston Common in the triangle between the Hayes Keston-Mark roads, north of the path that runs across from Holwood wicket is a high bit of land covered with heath the ground amongst the heath being quite covered with lichen; I walked carefully over this place also pulled up the heath looked among the roots, saw no trace of worms. The Holwood path divides the lower part of this bit of common into two regions, the