CUL-DAR65.118    Note:    1880.10.20   Gizzard of Worms / I found to day embedded in castings in sand   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 118 Gizzard of Worms Oct 20th 1880 — I found to day embedded in castings in sand Pot I 2 of the Black glass — beads (with inside packed with sand) a fragment of blue glass — This proves that worms both hard objects — incredible, considering proved powers of taste, that they mistook them for food. These beads show no signs of abrasion. (N.B. In Ch IV I have discussed pretty fully about the sucking of stones) I have only just alluded to stones in

CUL-DAR65.9    Note:    1880.10.20--1880.11.18   Pot III / Tiles in Gizzard   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 9 Pot III.— Oct 20th 1880 Tiles in Gizzard 10.30' a.m — Pot full of mud from pond ferruginous sand no or extremely few stones passed down, very damp — 6 worms put in — on surface much broken red tiles, hard, from verandah— Some of the same but kept in tin box — for comparison. 11.10 a.m Every worm has disappeared burrowed itself except just tip of tail of 2 of them. Gave them leaves of green red cabbage, turnip — carrot, celery beet cherry, all rather

CUL-DAR65.24    Note:    1880.10.24   Folding of drawn in Leaves / Looked under Limes & drew out few tufts   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 24 Oct 24/80 Folding of drawn in Leaves Looked under Limes drew out few tufts found from 2 to 9 leaves drawn in. The central leaves are usually the most crumpled, as if the exterior ones had subsequently have drawn in had passed crumpled the more central ones. But the exterior ones are often crumpled. When a large heap has been drawn in, the worms often make fresh superficial burrow close to main one draw in leaves, so as to add to the Heap

CUL-DAR65.10    Note:    1880.10.25--1880.11.27   Pot IV / Habits / Leaf-mould & red fine sand mixed & well pressed down   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 10 Oct 25 1880 Pot IV Habits Leaf-mould red fine sand mixed well pressed down with bits of red verandah tiles on surface — 3 largish worms 1 youngish put in at 4˚P.m., in 35' all but tail of one disappeared. Nov 7th removed leaves — Worms from further end of K. Garden Nov. 25th — a good many fir-leaves drawn far down holes by base — very many bits of tiles carried down — many of holes partially lined with bits of decayed leaves — I can see endless

CUL-DAR65.27-28    Note:    1880.11.04--1880.11.05   large Pot I all with firm sand — large worms put in   Text   Image

— where sand was removed cd not when all with basal end of doublet downwards. The sharp tips were plastered to the walls, if they had projected wd have formed as internal chevaux de frise presented worms travelling down the burrow. It is very odd the swallowing of black beads — cannot be mistaken for food not one was found in gizzard. 2

CUL-DAR64.1.57-60    Note:    1880.11.04--1880.11.10   3 Tame Worms / In Pot 1 sand with some bits of Verandah Tiles lately   Text   Image

Nov. 6. 1880 2) Tame Worms being kept in study in Pot with common garden mold plenty of leaves given them.) (1) Gizzard full of leaves but no stones or concretions in it; The gizzard was cut off from the intestine before opening it It seems to me there is a piece of intestine between the true gizzard the glandular walled intestine. In this place I found one small tile-bit. In the true intestine, near the beginning a large bit lower down some bits entangled in leaf-particles. Contents of

CUL-DAR65.33-34    Note:    1880.11.12--1880.11.25   Fir-leaves / Pots with worms from further end of K[itchen] Garden where   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 33 (Fir-leaves.) [in margin:] Not endemic plant [in margin:] young worm about Nov 12th 1880 Pots with worms from further end of K. Garden where no fir tree, I observed 2 or 3 days ago that apparently as many leaves had been dragged into mouth burrows by their tips, as by their bases. — To day (12th) in Pot IV, in one burrow 8 pairs were drawn in properly by bases many scattered long outside. (These leaves had their tips cut off) — In second 5 had been

CUL-DAR64.1.65-70    Note:    1880.11.17--1880.11.26   Calc[areous] glands / (1) worms; 2 glands on each side — when whole   Text   Image

layers membrane, I wd think cells unite it is removing cell walls which hold the calc matter together. It is more probable that calc animal matter deposited together. — Cd it have been bit of shells of Helix? rounded?) [in margin:] A bit of shell on I am quite doubtful whether a bit of some shell — acetic a. [illeg] that some [illeg] (Nov. 20 worm caught) In one of worms from calc. field- I distinguished all 3 pairs of glands most posterior smallest! Some with many calc matter all [2 words illeg

CUL-DAR64.1.73    Note:    1880.11.27--1880.12.22   Celery leaf dragged into hole & quite moist apparently very lately   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 73 Nov 27 80 [in margin:] Digestion Celery leaf dragged into hole quite moist apparently very lately moistened by worms slightly, but distinctly alkaline with best neutral litmus paper Nov 30 Celery leaf again wettish turn litmus paper blue Celery preferred to all other leaves including cabbage — Ivy, Lime, ampelopis Dec 2d preferred the parsnip — lime ampelopis cabbage Dec 2d Celery (fresh spec) in both pots cabbage in one pot wet distinctly alkaline

CUL-DAR63.49    Note:    1880.12.06   It is impossible to doubt that the bits of brick or tiles from the   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 49 Dec 6 80 It is impossible to doubt that the bits of brick or tiles from the Abinger Roman villa have been greatly rounded. The bits from over hole in field over all more or less rounded- It is scarcely credible that there shd have been such rounding by accident before the brick rubbish was laid on ground. (On the other Hand (Six bits of Verandah tiles from gizzard intestine of seven worms in 2 Pots with Earth no leaves — show very little attrition

CUL-DAR64.1.77    Note:    1880.12.20   Worms now extremely active. On common where Heath coarse coarse grass   Text   Image

where trees are here there stony or sandy patches, no or any castings can be seen, but when the track becomes very gently inclined or level casting abound — the whole surface being in parts covered with them. I suppose that sometime fine earth has been washed down on the same level parts then formed a bed in which worms can live. Among some grass heath, on the sides of the tracks in the parts when worms abound some castings could be found for a distance of a few feet, but beyond this it was rare

F1361    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. fifth thousand (corrected), and with textual changes. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

Sachs on living roots corroding rocks, 243 Sage, leaves of, not eaten by worms, 33 Saliva, doubtful whether any secreted by worms, 43 Saussure, H. De, on brick-pebbles, 254 Schmulewitsch on the digestion of cellulose, 38 Scott, Mr. J., on worms near Calcutta, 123 Seeds preserved in the burrows of worms, 115 Semper on various animals swallowing sand, 102 Senses of worms, 19 Silchester, old Roman town, 201 Silica, colloid, acted on by the humus-acids, 242 Simpson, Mr., on worms dragging leaves

F1357    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

Darwin, C. R. 1881. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. London: John Murray. [spine] VEGETABLE MOULD AND EARTH-WORMS. DARWIN LONDON JOHN MURRAY. [front cover

F1357    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

Knole Park, beech-woods, worms absent, 12 Koninck, De, on the disintegration of rocks, 235 Laburnum leaves, 67 Land, denudation of, 230 Lankester, Ray, on the structure of worms, 18 on worms from Kerguelen Land, 121 La Plata, dust storms of, 236 Layard, Mr., on the habits of the cobra, 94 Leaves, worms distinguish the taste of different kinds, 32 consumed by worms, 35 their decay not hastened by the alkaline secretion with which they are bathed, 38 decayed, generate acids, 50 used in plugging

F1357    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

Typhosolis, 19 Utricularia, bladders of, 109 Vibrations, worms sensitive to, 27 Vision, power of, in worms, 20 Walls, ancient, at Abinger, penetrated by worms, 188 penetrated by worms at Silchester, 209 Washing away of castings, 272 Wedgwood, Mr., on the formation of mould, 3 Weight of earth ejected from a single burrow, 160 Whitaker, Mr., on Denudation, 232 White, on worms leaving their burrows at night, 14 Winchester, chalk formation near, 301 Wind, action of, on castings, 283 Worms

F1361    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. fifth thousand (corrected), and with textual changes. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

Typhosolis, 19 Utricularia, bladders of, 109 Vibrations, worms sensitive to, 27 Vision, power of, in worms, 20 Walls, ancient, at Abinger, penetrated by worms, 188 penetrated by worms at Silchester, 209 Washing away of castings, 272 Wedgwood, Mr., on the formation of mould, 3 Weight of earth ejected from a single burrow, 161 Whitaker, Mr., on Denudation, 232 White, on worms leaving their burrows at night, 14 Winchester, chalk formation near, 301 Wind, action of, on castings, 283 Worms

F1361    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. fifth thousand (corrected), and with textual changes. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

Henslow, Prof., on ledges on hill-sides, 278 Hoffmeister, number of species of worms, 9 on worms hybernating in company, 34 perception of light by worms, 20, 22 on the enemies of worms, 63 depth of burrows, 110 on hybernation of worms, 114 Hooker, Sir J., on ledges of earth on the Himalaya, 278 Humus acids, action of on rocks, 240, 244 Instinct of worms, 35 Intelligence of worms, 35, 64 Intestines of worms, their contents acid, 51 Islands, inhabited by worms, 120 Johnson, Dr. H., on the Roman

F1357    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

Glands, calciferous, 17, 43 function of, 49 Glen Roy, evidence of rarity of debacles, 260 Haast, Von, on aboriginal instruments in New Zealand found buried, 147 Hearing, sense of, 26 Heat, perception of, 25 Heaths, inhabited by few worms, except where paths cross them, 10 Hensen on the number of worms in gardens, 5 on worms not subsisting on earth, 108 depth of burrows, 110 on number of worms living in a given area, 158 on the composition of mould, 238 on the amount of humus formed by two worms

F1361    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. fifth thousand (corrected), and with textual changes. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

CHAPTER II. HABITS OF WORMS continued. Manner in which worms seize objects Their power of suction The instinct of plugging up the mouths of their burrows Stones piled over the burrows The advantages thus gained Intelligence shown by worms in their manner of plugging up their burrows Various kinds of leaves and other objects thus used Triangles of paper Summary of reasons for believing that worms exhibit some intelligence Means by which they excavate their burrows, by pushing away the earth and

F1361    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. fifth thousand (corrected), and with textual changes. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

Morren on worms eating sugar, 36 on the disappearance of the calciferous glands during winter, 49 on stones in the gizzards of worms, 247, 249 Mould, thickness of, annually ejected by worms, 169 thickness of, over Roman remains at Chedworth, 199 nature and thickness of, over the Roman remains at Silchester, 218 thickness of, at Wroxeter, 223 formation and thickness of, over the chalk, 297 Mountains, worms absent from, 12 M ller, Fritz, on the worms in South Brazil, 121 Nice, castings near, 106

F1357    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

CHAPTER II. HABITS OF WORMS continued. Manner in which worms seize objects Their power of suction The instinct of plugging up the mouths of their burrows Stones piled over the burrows The advantages thus gained Intelligence shown by worms in their manner of plugging up their burrows Various kinds of leaves and other objects thus used Triangles of paper Summary of reasons for believing that worms exhibit some intelligence Means by which they excavate their burrows, by pushing away the earth and

F1357    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

Digestion of worms, 37 extra-stomachal, 43 Disintegration of rocks, aided by worms, 240 Distribution of worms, 120 Down, amount of earth here brought annually to the surface, 137 Downs near Winchester, valleys in, 301 Dust, distance transported, 235-237 Earth, amount of, brought to the surface by worms, 129 amount of, which flows down a given slope, 266 swallowed as food, 100 weight of, ejected from a single burrow, 160 Eisen, number of species of worms, 9 depth of burrows, 110 Ejection of

F1361    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. fifth thousand (corrected), and with textual changes. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

CHAPTER VII. CONCLUSION. Summary of the part which worms have played in the history of the world Their aid in the disintegration of rocks In the denudation of the land In the preservation of ancient remains In the preparation of the soil for the growth of plants Mental powers of worms Conclusion Page 305 313 INDEX . . . . . . . 315 326 [page viii

F1361    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. fifth thousand (corrected), and with textual changes. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

Chalk-formation, surface of, much denuded, 137 Chalk, residue of, forming a superficial deposit, 138 fragments of, soon buried and corroded, 139 formation of mould over, 297 Chedworth, Roman villa of, 197 Circular trenches near Stonehenge, 287 Clapar de, structure of the intestines of worms, 19 on the salivary glands of worms, 43 on the calciferous glands, 44 the pharynx adapted for suction, 56 doubts whether earth serves worms as food, 102, 105 on the gizzards of worms, 246 Clematis, petioles

A1423    Review:     Anon. 1881. [Review of Earthworms] Darwin on Worms. The Lancaster Examiner, (Pennsylvania), (16 November): 6.   Text   PDF

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [page] 6 Darwin on worms. Mr. Charles Darwin's most recent book treats on the formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms. We have seen, he says, discussing their mental qualities, that worms are timid. It may be doubted whether they suffer as much pain when injured, as they seem to express by their contortions. Judging by their eagerness for certain kinds of food, they must enjoy the pleasure of eating. Their sexual passion is strong