F1548.2    Book:     Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2   Text   Image   PDF

know that worms which are going to die (generally from the parasitic larva of a fly) always come out of their burrows, I have looked out during these months, and have usually found in the morning only from one to three or four along the whole length of my walks. On the other hand, I remember having in former years seen scores or hundreds of dead worms2 after heavy rain. I cannot possibly believe that worms are drowned in the course of even three or four days' immersion; and I am inclined to

F1548.2    Book:     Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2   Text   Image   PDF

World, 1868-1877...211 VII. Geological Action of Earth-worms, 1880-1882...212 VIII. Miscellaneous, 1846-1878...217 CHAPTER X Botany, 1843-1871...242 I. Miscellaneous, 1843-1862...242 II. Melastomaceae, 1862-1881...292 III. Correspondence with John Scott, 1862-1871...302 [page vi

F1548.1    Book:     Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 1   Text   Image   PDF

his Autobiographical Sketch. May and November: Contributions to Nature. August 19th: First proofs of Cross and Self-Fertilisation. November 10th: Cross and Self-Fertilisation published (1500 copies). 1877. All the early part of summer at work on Different Forms of Flowers. July: Publication of Different Forms of Flowers (1250 copies). During the rest of the year at work on the bloom on leaves, movements of plants, and a little on worms. November: LL.D. at Cambridge. Second edition of

A39    Book:     Hird, D. 1903. An easy outline of evolution. London: Watts & Co.   Text   Image

same in man as in the other vertebrates. Yes, man is an animal. Is man a vertebrate? Man's whole frame, in its general plan and detailed structure, presents the characteristic type of the vertebrates. This group of the animal world was first recognised in its natural unity by Lamarck, in 1801. He made four groups of the higher animals of Linn us mammals, birds, amphibia, fishes. The lower classes of insects and worms he called invertebrates. Cuvier (1812) established the unity of the vertebrate

A39    Book:     Hird, D. 1903. An easy outline of evolution. London: Watts & Co.   Text   Image

, which subsist on the same kind of food (p. 54). When a species, owing to highly favourable circumstances, increases inordinately in numbers in a small tract, epidemics at least, this seems generally to occur with our game animals often ensue; and here we have a limiting check independent of the struggle for life. But even some of these so-called epidemics appear to be due to parasitic worms, which have from some cause, possibly in part through facility of diffusion among the crowded animals

F1548.1    Book:     Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 1   Text   Image   PDF

quadrupeds. Under the many conditions of life which this world affords, any group which is numerous in individuals and species and is widely distributed, may properly be called dominant. I never dreamed of considering that any one group, under all conditions and throughout the world, would be predominant. How could vertebrata be predominant under the conditions of life in which parasitic worms live? What good would their perfected senses and their intellect serve under such conditions? When I

F1548.2    Book:     Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2   Text   Image   PDF

. Any cases like the following: the sheldrake pats or dances on the tidal sands to make the sea-worms come out; and when Mr. St. John's tame sheldrakes came to ask for their dinners they used to pat the ground, and this I should call an expression of hunger and impatience. How about the Quagga case?2 I am working away as hard as I can on my book; but good heavens, how slow my progress is. 1. See Expression of the Emotions, page 99. 2. See Letter 235, Volume I. [page 104

F1548.2    Book:     Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2   Text   Image   PDF

terminal pore, and this pollen the bees collected with their hind legs. So that the Melastomads are not opposed to your views. I am now working on the habits of worms, and it tires me much to change my subject; so I will lay on one side your letter and my notes, until I have a week's leisure, and will then see whether my facts bear on your views. I will then send a letter to Nature or to the Linn. Soc., with the extract of your letter (and this ought to appear in any case), with my own

F1548.2    Book:     Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2   Text   Image   PDF

interesting part of natural history. Indeed, you are greatly mistaken if you doubt for one moment on the very great value of your constant and most kind assistance to us. I have not seen the pamphlet, and shall be very glad to keep it. Frank, when he comes home, will be much interested and pleased with your letter. Pray give my kindest remembrance to Mrs. Dyer. This is a very untidy note, but I am very tired with dissecting worms all day. Read the last chapter of our book, and then you will

F1548.2    Book:     Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2   Text   Image   PDF

257; opinion on the Origin in, i. 196, 229, 259; Englishmen rejoice over victory of, ii. 92. Germination of seeds, Darwin's experiments on effect of salt water, i. 416. Germs and Vestiges of Disease, Dobell's, i. 235. Gesneria, Darwin on dimorphism of, ii. 351. Gestation of hounds, i. 154. Gibraltar, elevation and subsidence of, i. 48. Gilbert, Sir J.H., letter to, ii. 216-17; on nitrogen in worms' castings, ii. 216; and Sir J. Lawes, Rothamsted experiments, ii. 216. Glacial period, absence of

F1548.2    Book:     Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2   Text   Image   PDF

. 340. Lay Sermons, Huxley's, i. 280. Leaves, movements of, ii. 430; used by worms in plugging burrows, ii. 213. Lebanon, glacial action on, i. 460, 478; plants of, i. 465; Hooker on Cedars of, ii. 8. Lecky, Rt. Hon. W.E.H., Darwin's interest in book by, i. 263; quoted in Descent of Man, i. 328. Lecoq, Géographie Botanique, ii. 375; on self-sterility, ii. 315; mentioned, ii. 282. Lectures, Darwin on Edinburgh University, i. 7, 8 (see also Hooker and Huxley); Max Müller's, on Science of Language

F1552.2    Book:     Litchfield, H. E. ed. 1904. Emma Darwin, wife of Charles Darwin. A century of family letters. Cambridge: University Press printed. Volume 2.   Text   Image   PDF

BASSET, Monday [June, 1877]. We are really going to Stonehenge to-morrow. I may stop at Salisbury and read my book and see the Cathedral, but I shall go if I can. I am afraid it will half kill F. two hours' rail and a twenty-four mile drive but he is bent on going, chiefly for the worms, but also he has always wished to see it. BASSET, Wednesday [1877]. We started from here yesterday at 6.45 on a most lovely day only alarmingly hot. We had telegraphed on Monday to George to meet us at

F1552.2    Book:     Litchfield, H. E. ed. 1904. Emma Darwin, wife of Charles Darwin. A century of family letters. Cambridge: University Press printed. Volume 2.   Text   Image   PDF

and has taken to training earth-worms but does not make much progress, as they can neither see nor hear. They are, however, amusing and spend hours in seizing hold of the edge of a cabbage leaf and trying in vain to pull it into their holes. They give such tugs they shake the whole leaf. Emma Darwin to her daughter-in-law Sara. DOWN, Monday. My dear Sara, I hope my brother [Hensleigh] saw Basset to advantage on Saturday, for yesterday was steady rain. He was so pleased at your invitation and

A237.2    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1905. My life: A record of events and opinions. London: Chapman and Hall. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

. Wallace's acquaintance with, ii. 105, 108; his lectures in America, ii. 115 Wood, Miss, medium, manifestations of, ii. 322, 323, 334 Woodford, epitaph on William Mears at, i. 7 Woodley Park described, ii. 117 Woodward, Dr. Henry, of the Natural History Museum, ii. 406 Worcester, i. 140 Worms, by Darwin, ii. 11 Worthington, Mr., an account of, i. 183 186 [page] 45

A211    Book:     Geikie, A. 1909. Charles Darwin as geologist: The Rede Lecture given at the Darwin Centennial Commemoration on 24 June 1909. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

obviously both geological and biological. With his characteristic patience and care he made a series of diggings, and soon satisfied himself as to the facts to be accounted for. He found that in one case a layer of marl, spread over a field of pasture, had in about 80 years sunk some twelve or fourteen inches beneath the surface. He came to the conclusion that this apparent subsidence had undoubtedly been due to the continued action of the worms, which after swallowing and digesting the finer

A211    Book:     Geikie, A. 1909. Charles Darwin as geologist: The Rede Lecture given at the Darwin Centennial Commemoration on 24 June 1909. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

support to this view. The formation of the vegetable soil results from the simultaneous co-operation of mechanical and chemical agents, often helped by human industry (Histoire des Progr s de la G ologie, tome I, 1847, p. 224). Darwin in his volume on Vegetable Mould took notice of both these French writers. He remarks that D'Archiac must have argued from inner consciousness and not from observation, for worms abound to an extraordinary degree in kitchen gardens, where the soil is continually

A162    Book:     Seward, A. C. ed. 1909. Darwin and modern science. Essays in commemoration of the centenary of the birth of Charles Darwin and of the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of The origin of species. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

unmistakeable signs of having visited the snuff-jar outside. After working about a year at the worms, he was able at the end of 1881 to publish the charming little book—The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms, with Observations on their Habits. This was the last of his books, and its reception by reviewers and the public alike afforded the patient old worker no little gratification. Darwin's scientific career, which had begun with geological research, most appropriately

A211    Book:     Geikie, A. 1909. Charles Darwin as geologist: The Rede Lecture given at the Darwin Centennial Commemoration on 24 June 1909. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

. This discovery was first made known by Charles Darwin49. In the course of one of his visits to Maer Hall, his uncle, Josiah Wedgwood, called Darwin's attention to the curious way in which layers of cinders, burnt marl or lime, spread on the surface of pasture lands, eventually disappear under the grass, and at the same time suggested that this disappearance appeared to be due to the action of earth-worms in bringing up the finer particles of earth from below and leaving them on the surface

A331    Book:     Poulton, Edward Bagnall. 1909. Charles Darwin and the Origin of species: addresses, etc., in America and England in the year of the two anniversaries. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.   Text   Image

appearance of epigamic characters is shed by the recent researches of C. W. Beebe,1 who caused the scarlet tanager (Piranga erythromelas) and the bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) to retain their breeding plumage through the whole year by means of fattening food, dim illumination and reduced activity. Gradual restoration to the light and the addition of meal-worms to the diet invariably brought back the spring song, even in the middle of winter. A sudden alteration of temperature, either higher or lower

F1481    Book:     Anon. 1909. Order of the proceedings at the Darwin celebrations held at Cambridge June 22-June 24, 1909. With a sketch of Darwin's life. Cambridge: University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

. 1881 Publication of The Formation of Vegetable Mould, through the Action of Worms. 1882 Charles Darwin died at Down, April 19, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, April 26, in the north aisle of the Nave a few feet from the grave of Sir Isaac Newton. As for myself, I believe that I have acted rightly in steadily following and devoting my life to Science. I feel no remorse from having committed any great sin, but have often and often regretted that I have not done more direct good to my fellow

A162    Book:     Seward, A. C. ed. 1909. Darwin and modern science. Essays in commemoration of the centenary of the birth of Charles Darwin and of the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of The origin of species. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

Darwin has bequeathed to us. It is summed up in the concluding paragraph of the Origin2:— It is interesting to contemplate a tangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the damp earth, and to reflect that these elaborately constructed forms, so different from each other, and dependent upon each other in so complex a manner, have all been produced by laws acting around us. 1 Life and

A162    Book:     Seward, A. C. ed. 1909. Darwin and modern science. Essays in commemoration of the centenary of the birth of Charles Darwin and of the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of The origin of species. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

) undertook to collect and weigh the worm-casts thrown up, during a whole year, on measured squares selected for the purpose, at Leith Hill Place. He also obtained information from Professor Ramsay concerning observations made by him on a pavement near his house in 1871. Darwin at this time began to realise the great importance of the action of worms to the archaeologist. At an earlier date he appears to have obtained some information concerning articles found buried on the battle-field of

A313    Pamphlet:     Harmer, S. F. and W. G. Ridewood eds. 1910. Memorials of Charles Darwin: a collection of manuscripts portraits medals books and natural history specimens to commemorate the centenary of his birth and the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of "The origin of species" 2d ed. British Museum (Natural History). Special guide no. 4.   Text   Image   PDF

, 1878.) 74. Darwin's Insectivorous Plants. London, 1875. (Second Edition, 1875.) 75. Darwin's Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the same Species, London, 1877. (Second Edition, 1880.) 76. The Power of Movement in Plants, by Charles Darwin, assisted by Francis Darwin, London, 1880. 77. Darwin's Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms, with Observations on their Habits, London, 1881. (Second Edition, 1883.) Lent by J. C. Simpson, Esq. 78. The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin

A596    Book contribution:     [Poulton, Edward Bagnall]. 1910. Darwin, C. R. The Encyclopaedia Britannica. 11th ed. Cambridge: University Press, vol. 7, pp. 840-3.   Text   Image

geological works on Volcanic Islands and South America as a single volume. The widely read Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms appeared in 1881. He also published various volumes on botanical subjects. The Fertilization of Orchids appeared in 1862. The subject of cross-fertilization of flowers was in Darwin's mind, as shown by his note-book in 1837. In 1841 Robert Brown directed his attention to Christian Conrad Sprengel's work (Berlin, 1793), which confirmed his determination to

F1553.2    Book:     Litchfield, H. E. ed. 1915. Emma Darwin, A century of family letters, 1702-1896. London: John Murray. Volume 2   Text   Image   PDF

any amount of digging, but sometimes visitors came who were troublesome, and once a man came with a sledgehammer who was very difficult to manage. That was English all over, said he. Prince Leopold had been there. I wish he would come again, he gave me a yellow boy. They did not find much good about the worms, who seem to be very idle out there. Mrs Cutting gave us a gorgeous lunch and plenty of Apollinaris water. I was not so tired as I expected, and F. was wonderful, as he did a great deal