A761.12    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 12: Mollusca and Radiata.   Text

interior worms, has not been sufficiently studied. Such eggs as have been discovered are oval, and very regularly formed. They all appear to be in reality eggs, with a distinct envelope containing grains. But this was the most that could be distinguished, even with the microscope. The physiology of worms presents nothing which can really be considered as peculiar to themselves. Their general sensibility appears to be considerable. In fact, at the slightest contact of a solid body, or even of a

A761.13    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 13: Annelida, Crustacea, and Arachnida.   Text

produced in vegetable or animal infusions, and his labours are all that we yet possess on this subject; 2. Helmninthica, or worms, in which he ranges, in two distinct divisions, the intestinal worms, and the hirudo in one, and all the chetopoda, comprising among them the lumbrici, in the other; 3. Mollusca, the same as Linn us, abstracting the chetopoda, but leaving the planari , the fascioli and the medus , with the true naked mollusca; 4. Testacea; 5. under the name of Cellularia, the lithophytes

A761.10    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 10: Pisces.   Text

sinuous fold. They remain in the mud of streams, and have a great deal of the habits of the worms, which they resemble so much. We have one named Petrom. branchialis, L. (Lamprillon, Lamproyon, c.) Six or eight inches long, about as thick as a stout quill, which is accused of sucking the gills of fishes, perhaps because it is confounded with the Petrom. planeri. It is employed as bait in hook-fishing. 1 See Omalius de Hallois, Journ. de Phys. Mai, 1808. N.B. The Petrom. rouge, Lac. II. i. 2

A761.13    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 13: Annelida, Crustacea, and Arachnida.   Text

and stomach found in the blood-sucking leeches, but digestion is extremely slow in all. The leeches are essentially aquatic animals, most of them living in fresh water, but some in the sea; a few occasionally quit the water, and as nature seldom acts on a single rule, one species is said never to go into it humidity, however, is as necessary even to these as to the earth-worms. We have nothing to add on the genus Gordius, and proceed therefore to the translation of Cuvier's description of such

A761.12    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 12: Mollusca and Radiata.   Text

Others have the prominence between the suckers armed with small points, disposed in radii. Such is again in man, Tenia Solium, L. G tz, xxi. 1 7. Encyc. xl. 15 22. xli. 1 7, whose articulations, except the anterior, are more long than broad, and have the pore alternately at one of their margins. It is in general from four to ten feet in length, but some are found much larger. It is by no means the case that but one of these worms exists in an individual at one time, as is vulgarly supposed

A761.12    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 12: Mollusca and Radiata.   Text

SUPPLEMENT ON THE ENTOZOA. THE reader will doubtless have remarked that the allocation of these animals among the zoophytes, or radiata, will admit of some controversy, inasmuch as they are neither plant-like nor radiated, and appear to have much more analogy with the annelides, which they would seem more properly to follow in the natural series. The study of the worms, which are entirely apodal, and which have no trace of appendages serving for locomotion, was pursued but little until the

A761.16    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 16: Tabular view of classification; index.   Text

London, c. ZED. ZEDER (J. G. H.), a German naturalist. Author of First Supplement to the Natural History of Intestinal Worms by Goeze, 1 vol. 4to. Leipzic, 1800. An Introduction to the Natural History of the Intestinal Worms, 1 vol. 8vo. Bamberg, 1803. ZETTERST. ZETTERSTED (J. G.), a Swedish naturalist. Orthoptera Suoci , 1 vol. 8vo. Lund , 1811. Fauna Laponica, part first, 1 vol. 8vo. Hammone, 1828. ZOOL. JOURN. Published in London by M. VIGORS. aided by Messrs. TH. BELL, E. T BENNET, J. E

A761.07    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 7: Aves (2).   Text

climb against the trees, about three feet from the ground; and do not draw the worms from the bark with their tongue like the woodpeckers, but introduce their bill to seize them. If the worms and insects are too much concealed, they tap with their bills against the trees like die woodpeckers. They also sometimes use them as a lever to raise the bark. Of TICHODEOMA there is bat one species in Europe, the Certhia Muraria of Linn us. This inhabits divers countries, but is not found in England: nor

A761.13    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 13: Annelida, Crustacea, and Arachnida.   Text

The mouth is a longitudinal cleft, which can re-enter or issue forth from a rounded cavity. The anus is at the posterior extremity of the body. The intestinal canal is usually straight and without any great convolution. Nothing is found there but sand or mud. The stomach is a sort of gizzard, fleshy and robust. The interior of the body exhibits numerous vessels, which doubtless, in the living animal, were filled with red blood, like those of the other articulated worms. These animals belong

A761.12    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 12: Mollusca and Radiata.   Text

for some time in alcohol, it becomes rather difficult to characterize the species. They seem to form a passage from the radiata to the worms, and perhaps even to the mollusca; for, in fact, we find some species which have altogether the form of the thalassema, and others which exhibit at the first glance, a resemblance to some dorides. [page 547

A761.02    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 2: Mammalia (2)   Text

night it proceeds in search of its food, which consists of insects and their larvae, and of Worms of every kind: it is particularly fond of the Common Lumbrici, or Earth Worms, which abound in the fertile mould. These animals, agreeably to the information of the natives, live in pairs, and the female produces two or three young at a birth. The motions of the Mydaus are slow, and it is easily taken by the natives, who by no means fear it. During my abode on the Mountain Prahu, I engaged them to

A761.08    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 8: Aves (3).   Text

pared to'the deep hissing of a large serpent; it feeds on worms, crustacea, and small fish; it is equally an inhabitant of the north of Europe and America. Amu Leucopktalmas, and the Pied Ducky, which belong to this division, are described at pages 613 and 614. The SOUCHETS, Cuv., RHYNCAPSIS, Leach, are represented by Anas Clypeata, Shoveler Duck, Lath. This duck feeds on small worms, insects, and crustacea, which it seeks in the mud and sand on the edges of waters; it also catches flies

A761.10    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 10: Pisces.   Text

are subject to a malady which is often mortal; their head and back become covered with excrescences similar to moss. It appears that this disease also occurs to the young carps which live in snow-water or in water which is corrupted: snow-water likewise produces pustulous germs under the scales, which fishermen call the small pox. Their intestines also frequently contain worms, and their liver becomes ulcerated. The carps live habitually on the larv of insects, or worms, small testacea, grains

A761.10    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 10: Pisces.   Text

especially the leeches; while the absolute want of teeth in the last division, ammoc tes, is analogous to the case of the earth-worms, the arenicol , serpul , and terebella. There is also a considerable analogy between the conical muscular mouth, furnished with calcareous pieces, often serrated, moving transversely in nereides, aphrodites, and the lampreys. And the two transverse pectinated trenchant ranges of the mouth of amphitrites assimilate that organ in these animals to the mouth of the

A761.12    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 12: Mollusca and Radiata.   Text

is easy to convince one's self that there are no vessels of any hind. Some genera, such as the holothuri , the echini, and several intestinal worms, have a mouth, and an anus, with a distinct intestinal canal; others have an intestinal sac, but with only a single opening, representing both mouth and anus. In the greater number, there is nothing but a cavity, hollowed in the substance itself of the body, which sometimes opens by several suckers. Finally, there are many in which no mouth is

A761.12    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 12: Mollusca and Radiata.   Text

furnished all round with small soft spines. The pouch of the male is divided into three leaflets. It is the most common of all the worms of the horse. It penetrates even into the arteries, where it occasions aneurisms. It is also found in the ass and the mule. Others have round the mouth, only tubercles or papill . Such is particularly, Strongylus gigas, Rud. Ascaris visceralis, et Asc. renalis, Gm. Rud., c. The largest of the known intestinal worms; it is two or three feet long and upwards, and of

A761.13    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 13: Annelida, Crustacea, and Arachnida.   Text

denomination, by all the modern zoologists, except by M. Savigny. Linn us, Gmelin, and his followers, who are very numerous, place this genus in the division of external worms. M. Cuvier at first imitated Linn us; but he gave to the division of the worms in which he placed the lumbrici, the name of red [page] 11

A761.14    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 14: Insecta (1).   Text

phosphoric lights. This light, according to some authors, does not depend on the influence of any external cause, but solely on the will of the insect. The glow-worms are found in summer, after the setting of the sun, in meadows, on the sides of roads, and near bushes. In the countries where these insects are very common, during the quiet nights in the fine season, the males flutter in the air, which they seem to fill with sparkles of fire; and the females, which during the day remain

A761.06    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 6: Aves (1).   Text

cept to pass the night there. During this entire season they live in society travel together and remain all the winter without separating perch all on the same or the most neighbouring trees; it is not rare to see them assembled to the number of two or three thousand in places where the lotus grows the fruit of which they eat with avidity. The fieldfares also subsist on slugs and worms which they are observed to pursue eagerly after rain in humid soils or grounds newly ploughed. When these

A761.07    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 7: Aves (2).   Text

the Antilles to Hudson's Bay; but on the approach of frost they quit the northern climates. They are often seen, like our pies and crows, in the train of the plough, to collect the worms and larv turned up by the share. They are heard to sing only in the spring season. Their song is sonorous, and not destitute of melody, though of a melancholy cast. Of all the migrating birds of North America, they are the last to quit the central parts of the United States. Their departure takes place in the

A761.08    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 8: Aves (3).   Text

prey. The worm passes from bill to bill, until it is carried to a considerable distance from the crowd by the last hen that has obtained it, that she may have the liberty of devouring it at her ease. Hens thus feeding on grains, worms, insects, and all that they can find by the most pertinacious search in dunghills, yards, barns, coach-houses, stables, c., have no need in spring and winter of any supply of food, except twice a day, which they should always receive in the morning at the rising of

A761.08    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 8: Aves (3).   Text

frequently occupy itself in seeking for earth-worms around the house, or following the labours of a negro gardener. In the evening, this bird would retire of itself into a poultry-house, where it reposed in the midst of a hundred fowl. It would perch on the highest bar, awake very early in the morning, fly round the house, and sometimes proceed to the sea-shore. It would attack cats with great intrepidity. It would have lived longer, had it not been accidentally killed, by a fowler, who

A761.10    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 10: Pisces.   Text

, one was caught at Caen in Normandy, in 1828. M. Risso tells us that it sojourns in small troops at great depths. In winter it appears to be more full and better flavoured. It spawns in summer, and in that season is tormented with intestinal worms, which cause it to become thin and emaciated. M. Rudolphi indicates six species of these worms as living in the flesh, or in the intestines of this fish, and M. Cuvier [page] 32

A761.10    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 10: Pisces.   Text

European sea as far as Greenland. It is quite blind, and generally lies concealed in the mud and sand. It often seizes on the softest parts of the large fish, and fixing itself there, lives by sucking their juices like the leech, and it is said that they will sometimes introduce themselves into the viscera like the intestinal worms, but this is not verified, nor is it probable; the similarity of this fish, in common with the other Suctorii, to the worms, in all probability induced the statement. Of the

A761.12    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 12: Mollusca and Radiata.   Text

intestine towards its origin, do sometimes ascend into the stomach, or descend into the large intestines. They have even been known to penetrate into the peritoneal cavity, after having perforated the intestine, or taken advantage of some previons perforation which had been made there. The nutriment of the worms is generally animal, and in a fluid state, as may be supposed from the formation of their buccal orifice. Among the external worms it would seem that there are some exceptions to this