[spine]

[Note that this has been superceded by Paul van Helvert & John van Wyhe, Darwin: A Companion. With iconographies by John van Wyhe, 2021.]

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[front inside cover]

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CHARLES DARWIN: A COMPANION

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Charles Darwin aged 59. Reproduction of a photograph by Julia Margaret Cameron, original 13 × 10 inches, taken at Dumbola Lodge, Freshwater, Isle of Wight in July 1869. The original print is signed and authenticated by Mrs Cameron and also signed by Darwin. It bears Colnaghi's blind embossed registration.

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CHARLES DARWIN

A Companion

by

R. B. FREEMAN

Department of Zoology
University College London

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First published in 1978.

Copyright of The Charles Darwin Trust. All rights reserved. For private academic use only. Not for republication or reproduction in whole or in part without the prior written consent of The Charles Darwin Trust, 14 Canonbury Park South London N1 2JJ. Other additions and corrections are copyright of the University of Cambridge.

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CONTENTS

List of Illustrations	6
Preface to the second online edition (2007) Introduction to the first edition (1978)	7
Acknowledgements	10
Abbreviations	11
Text	17-310

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Charles Darwin aged 59 From a photograph by Julia Margaret Cameron	Frontispiece
Skeleton Pedigree of Charles Robert Darwin	66
Pedigree to show Charles Robert Darwin's Relationship to his Wife Emma Wedgwood	67
Pedigree of Robert Darwin's Children and Grandchildren	68
Arms and Crest of Robert Waring Darwin	69
Research Notes on Insectivorous Plants 1860	90
Charles Darwin's Full Signature	91

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Preface to the second online edition (2007)

Richard Broke Freeman's Charles Darwin: A companion was first published in 1978. It has remained one of the most useful reference works for students of Darwin and his times. The book is essentially a Darwinian encyclopaedia for people, places, theories, publications and events referred to in Darwin's works and others about him such as Life and letters.

Freeman was a meticulous scholar and he tirelessly continued to gather additions and corrections to Companion. These, however, remained unpublished at his death in 1986. Freeman's widow, Dr Mary Whitear, gave the copyright of the work, along with Freeman's many pages of notes, to The Charles Darwin Trust so that Companion could continue and develop.

Randal Keynes, of The Charles Darwin Trust, kindly lent the notes to John van Wyhe. These were carefully inserted by Sue Asscher. Many additional details, such as missing dates for some individuals, were supplied from the Correspondence Online Database. Further corrections and additions have been added by van Wyhe.

We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Frederick Burkhardt and Duncan Porter who kindly provided their own corrections in answer to an appeal sent throughout the Darwin research community.

The layout of the original, which was constrained by paper size, has been altered by Asscher. Generally, where dates or sequence allow, information under individual entries appears in chronological order. Some conflicting information has been omitted. Several abbreviations such as b for brother and f for father have been expanded into the whole word to render the work more accessible. Some formatting, such as italics for titles, has been altered. The original pagination has been preserved to facilitate citations.

The Companion was first published before the appearance of the monumental Correspondence of Charles Darwin (15 vols. 1985-). Readers should therefore use the Companion in conjunction with the Correspondence and the invaluable Darwin Correspondence Project Online Database: (http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/).

Readers are encouraged to send errors or corrections to the Companion to the editor, Dr John van Wyhe, at dbsjmvw@nus.edu.sg

John van Wyhe
November 2007

Introduction to the first edition (1978)

THIS Companion is about Charles Darwin the man: it is not about evolution by natural selection, nor is it about any other of his theoretical or experimental work. A glance will show what it contains, and only a brief introduction is needed. It is intended to make easily available the facts of Darwin's life, his ancestry, collaterals and descendants, his friends and a few enemies, and his scientific correspondents. It covers what he wrote, and where he went, when and why. It also includes some more personal things, such as his appearance, including details of pictures of him, his day to day habits, and a little of his political and social views.

Darwin's name occurs in every relevant work of reference from about the time of his election to the Royal Society in 1839 until his death, and in superabundance from then onwards. In the British Museum's General catalogue of printed books, (1959-1966), the appendix of titles relative to Darwin contains more than 400 entries, whilst that for Galileo has about 150 and that for Newton less than 130. This excess is exacerbated because his name also occurs in every work on evolution and in every student textbook of biology as well as in many works about the religious and social implications of evolutionary theory. It is however ameliorated because the number of works which contain facts about him is small. Basically, there are seven volumes, three of Life and letters, and two each of More letters and Emma Darwin. To these may be added a handful of later books and papers which contain many new facts, and a larger number, mostly biographies of other people and works containing previously unpublished letters, which contain some information.

The basic three works were all edited by two of his children and published within the lifetimes of many people who knew him. Biographies by children of their subject have the advantage that the facts are probably right, but the disadvantage that the children are too close to see what will be of interest to later readers. Life and letters also has the disadvantage of being published within five years of Darwin's death, so

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that parts which might have been libellous or caused offence to the living had to be omitted. His autobiography, which is first printed there, has omissions for his widow's sake and its full text did not become available until seventy years later.

All the entries here are degressive. There are two reasons for this. Firstly, the further the subject is from Darwin himself, the less need there is for a comprehensive entry. Gladstone, Tennyson and Ruskin met Darwin, and all could have had long entries, but their contact was slight and their entries are therefore brief; his butler, Parslow, and his secretary-servant, Covington, deserve and get longer entries. Similarly, Paris, Dublin and Belfast, each of which he visited once, briefly, get little notice, but Tierra del Fuego, the Galapagos Islands and Glen Roy were much more important to him. The second reason for degression is ignorance. I have used a large number of reference sources and have sought the help of many friends, but there remains information which I would like to have entered which has escaped me. Much of this is about people that Darwin saw almost every day of his life, sometimes for years, such as the domestic staff at Down House, but if Francis Darwin or his sister merely mention Mary or Maryann, it is impossible to go further. There are also a number of villagers in Downe who are in a similar position. Amongst relatives, there are some, particularly women, whose dates of birth are available because these are given in the pedigrees made by people who knew them, but apparently they never die, because they did nothing to rate an entry in standard works of reference. The scientists are usually easy, although there are a few, such as "old Jones" on page 177, who elude me. The two other main groups of entries, places and Darwin's works, present no difficulties.

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Darwin's books have been entered under short titles and all editions are listed, although mere reprints are ignored; first editions printed in America and in foreign languages are also listed. Foreign language editions are also entered under the language, so that a complete list is available of those of his works which have been translated into any given language; there is a similar list for English Braille. Almost all his books have appeared in facsimile in recent years and the dates of these are entered. Papers published in periodicals are entered by short title; these are widely scattered and some were not easily accessible until the most useful publication of a complete set by Paul H. Barrett in 1977; the page numbers of Barrett's reprints are given in each case. Much of the material which was left in manuscript by Darwin has also been published; most of it was never intended for publication, being notebooks or rough drafts. The titles of these have been consolidated under the heading "Darwin, Charles Robert, Manuscripts", but their editors have been entered in the main list.

This work is a compilation, with almost nothing in it that has not appeared in print before. I have tried to stick to facts, although matters of opinion have crept in here and there. Darwin himself, in a letter to Huxley in 1859, said "The inaccuracy of the blessed band (of which I am one) of compilers passes all bounds, The difficulty is to know what to trust." I know that there are many omissions here and I am sure that there are errors, but hope that most of the facts are correct.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

MY indebtedness to works of reference is large. Many of these are listed below, under Abbreviations, but others are, as usual, taken for granted. I give my thanks to the editors and compilers of hundreds of such works. More personally, I should like to thank the three great Cambridge darwinians, Nora Lady Barlow, Dr Sydney Smith and P. J. Gautrey: all three have answered my questions over the years with unfailing patience, as they have those of so many others. Peter Gautrey, sitting as he does on the Darwin archive in the University Library, has had to bear the brunt. I am indebted to many Librarians in National and University libraries, but especially to Joseph Scott, Librarian of University College London, whose library has been my daily haunt. The excellence of his reference rooms and the learning of his staff has saved me much journeying and letter writing. I would like to thank three of his staff by name: Joan Nash, who has looked after the Biological Sciences Library for many years; Susan Gove, in charge of the Thane Medical Library, who enjoys chasing obscure physicians and surgeons; and John Spiers, in charge of information, who regards chasing people as light relief from on-line reference retrieval.

R. B. Freeman

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ABBREVIATIONS

Allan	Mea Allan, Darwin and his flowers: the key to natural selection, London, Faber & Faber, 1977.
Ashworth	J. H. Ashworth, Charles Darwin as a student in Edinburgh, 1825-1827: (An address delivered on October 28, 1935), Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb., 55:97-113, 1935
Atkins	Sir Hedley Atkins, Down, the home of the Darwins: the story of a house and the people who lived there, London, Phillimore for the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 1974; revised edition 1976 used.
B	Paul E. Barrett, editor, The collected papers of Charles Darwin, 2 vols, Chicago, University Press, 1977. Barrett volume and page numbers are given for all Darwin's papers published in serials.
Baehni	Charles Baehni, Correspondance de Charles Darwin et d'Alphonse de Candolle, Gesnerus, 12:109-156, 1955.
Barlow	Nora Barlow, Charles Darwin and the voyage of the Beagle, London, Pilot Press, 1945.
Barlow-Autobiography	Nora Barlow, editor, The autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809-1882, with the original omissions restored: edited with appendix and notes by his grand-daughter Nora Barlow, London, Collins, 1958.
Basalla	George Basalla, The voyage of the Beagle without Darwin, Mariners Mirror, 49:42-48, 1963.
BM (NH) Memorials	British Museum (Natural History), Memorials of Charles Darwin: a collection of manuscripts, portraits, medals, books and natural history specimens etc., London, British Museum (Natural History), 1909. Special Guides No. 4.
Britten and Boulger	James Britten and G. S. Boulger, A biographical index of British and Irish botanists, London, West Newman, 1893; 2nd edition, 1931, revised and completed by A. B. Rendle. For 3rd edition see Ray Desmond.
Burke	H. Farnham Burke, compiler, Pedigree of the family of Darwin, [?London], privately printed, 1888.

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Carroll	P. Thomas Carroll, An annotated calendar of the letters of Charles Darwin in the Library of the American Philosophical Society, Wilmington, Scholarly Resources Inc., 1976. Numbers given refer to the numbers of the letters and not to pages.
CD	Charles Robert Darwin.
Christ's College Centenary Exhibition	A. E. S. and J. C. S. [Arthur Everett Shipley and James Crawford Simpson], editors, Darwin centenary: the portraits, prints and writings of Charles Robert Darwin, exhibited at Christ's College, Cambridge 1909, [Cambridge, University Press], 1909.
Climbing plants	Charles Darwin, On the movements and habits of climbing plants, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., 9:1-118; as a book with same title, London, Longman and Williams & Norgate, 1865; 2nd edition, London, John Murray, 1875.
Cross and self fertilisation	Charles Darwin, The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, London, John Murray, 1876.
d.s.p.	Decessit sine prole, died without issue.
Darwin-Bates	Robert M. Stecher, editor, The Darwin-Bates letters: correspondence between two nineteenth century travellers and naturalists, Part I, Ann. Sci., 25:1-47: Part II, ibid., 25:95-125, 1969.
Darwin-Gray	Calendar of the letters of Charles Robert Darwin to Asa Gray, Boston, Mass., Historical Records Survey, 1939, reprint 1973, introduction by Bert James Loewenberg.
Darwin-Henslow	Nora Barlow, editor, Darwin and Henslow, the growth of an idea: letters 1831-1860, London, John Murray, Bentham-Moxon Trust, 1967.
Darwin-Innes	Robert M. Stecher, editor, The Darwin-Innes letters: the correspondence of an evolutionist with his vicar, 1848-1884, Ann. Sci., 17:201-258, 1961.
Darwin-Wallace	James Marchant, editor, Alfred Russel Wallace, letters and reminiscences, 2 vols, London, Cassell, 1916.
Darwin and modern science	Albert C. Seward, editor, Darwin and modern science, Cambridge, University Press, 1909.
DCPOD	Darwin Correspondence Project Online Database (http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/).
Darwin, Francis	Some letters from Charles Darwin to Alfred Russel Wallace, Christ's College Mag., 23:214-231, 1909.
de Beer, G. R., editor	The Darwin letters at Shrewsbury School, Notes and Records Roy. Soc., 23:68-85, 1968.
Descent	Charles Darwin, The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex, London, John Murray, 1871.

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Desmond, Ray	Dictionary of British and Irish botanists and horticulturalists, including plant collectors and botanical artists, London, Taylor and Francis, 1977. This is a 3rd edition of Britten and Boulger, q.v.
Diary	Nora Barlow, editor, Charles Darwin's diary of the voyage of H.M. S. Beagle, Cambridge, University Press, 1933.
DNB	Dictionary of National Biography, 63 vols and 3 vols supplements, London, Smith Elder, 1885-1901. 10 year supplements to 1960, Oxford University Press.
EB	Encyclopaedia Britannica, London. The 11th-12th edition, 32 vols, 1910-1911, 1922, has been referred to in a few places.
[ED]	H. E. Litchfield, editor, Emma Darwin, wife of Charles Darwin: a century of family letters, Cambridge, University Press, privately printed, 1904. This edition has not been quoted from.
ED	Used for Emma Darwin, wife of Charles Robert Darwin throughout. Also used, with volume and page reference, for Henrietta E. Litchfield, editor, Emma Darwin, a century of family letters, 1792-1896, London, John Murray, 1915. This, the published edition, is the one quoted from throughout.
Eiseley	Loren Eiseley, Darwin's century: evolution and the men who discovered it, Garden City N.Y., Doubleday Anchor Books, 1958.
Ellegård	Alvar Ellegård, Darwin and the general reader: the reception of Darwin's theory of evolution in the British periodical press, 1859-1872, Götesborgs Universitets Arsskrift, 64:1-394; Göthenburg Studies in English, 8.
Expression	Charles Darwin, The expression of the emotions in man and animals, London, John Murray, 1872.
F	R. B. Freeman, The works of Charles Darwin: an annotated bibliographical handlist, 2nd edition, Folkestone, Wm Dawson, Hamden, Conn., Archon Books, 1977. Freeman numbers are entered, just with the prefix F, for all Darwin's books and publications in serials. In the latter they follow the B of Barrett reprint numbers.
Feuer	Lewis F. Feuer, Is the "Darwin-Marx" correspondence authentic?, Ann. Sci., 32:1-12, 1975.
Freeman, R. B.	Charles Darwin on the routes of male humble bees, Bull. Brit. Mus.(Nat. Hist.), hist. Ser., 3:177-189, 1968.

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Freeman, R. B. and Gautrey, P. J.	Charles Darwin's Questions about the breeding of animals, with a note on Queries about expression, J. Soc. Biblphy Nat. Hist., 5:220-225, 1969.
Freeman, R. B. and Gautrey, P. J.	Charles Darwin's Queries about expression, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Hist. Ser., 4:205-219, 1972.
Freeman, R. B. and Gautrey, P. J.	Charles Darwin's Queries about expression. J. Soc. Biblphy Nat. Hist., 7:259-263, 1975.
FUL	G. R. de Beer, editor, Further unpublished letters of Charles Darwin, Ann. Sci., 14:83-115, 1960 (for 1958). See also N&R which is the first part of this collection.
Gruber, Jacob W.	Who was the Beagle's naturalist?, Brit. J. Hist. Sci., 4:266-282, 1969.
Huxley, Julian S. and Kettlewell, H. B. D.	Charles Darwin and his world, London, Thames and Hudson, 1965.
Insectivorous plants	Charles Darwin, Insectivorous plants, London, John Murray, 1875.
J. Researches 1839	Charles Darwin, Journal of researches into the geology and natural history of the various countries visited by H.M.S. Beagle, etc., Second edition, London, Henry Colburn, 1839.
J. Researches 1845	Charles Darwin, Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the various countries visited by H.M.S. Beagle, etc., Second edition, London, John Murray, 1845.
Jensen, J. Vernon	The X Club: fraternity of Victorian scientists, Brit. J. Hist. Sci., 5:63-72, 1970.
Jensen, J. Vernon	Interrelationships within the Victorian X Club, Dalhousie Rev., 51:539-552, 1971.
Jesperson, P. Helveg	Charles Darwin and Dr. Grant, Lychnos, 1948-1949: 159-167, 1949.
Jordan, David Starr	The days of a man, 2 vols, Yonkers N.Y., World Book Co., 1922.
Journal	G. R. de Beer, editor, Darwin's journal, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist), hist. Ser., 2:1-21, 1959.
Keith, Sir Arthur	Darwin revalued, London, Watts, 1955.
LL	Francis Darwin, editor, The life and letters of Charles Darwin, including an autobiographical chapter, 3 vols, London, John Murray, 1887. Edition used is 7th thousand 1888, the definitive text.

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Mellersh, M. E. L.	Fitzroy of the Beagle, London, Rupert Hart Davis, 1968.
ML	Francis Darwin and A. C. Seward, editors, More letters of Charles Darwin: a record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters, 2 vols, London, John Murray, 1903.
Moorhead, Alan	Darwin and the Beagle, London, Hamish Hamilton, 1969.
Movement in plants	Charles Darwin, The power of movement in plants, London, John Murray, 1880.
N&R	G. R. de Beer, editor, Some unpublished letters of Charles Darwin, Notes and Records Roy. Soc., 14:12-66, 1959. See also FUL, which is the 2nd part of this collection.
Narrative	Robert Fitz-Roy, editor, Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle, etc., 3 vols and appendix vol. to Vol. III, London, Henry Colburn, 1839. Vol. II is Charles Darwin, Journal and remarks, the first printing of Journal of researches, 1839.
Nash, Louisa Ann	Some memories of Charles Darwin, Overland Monthly, San Francisco, Oct.: 404-408, 1890.
Nash, Wallis	A lawyer's life on two continents, Boston, R. G. Badger, [1919].
OED	Sir James Murray and others, editors, A new English dictionary on historical principles, 10 vols in 13, 1888-1928, supplement 1933; new supplement, 2 vols [of 4], 1972, 1976, Oxford, Clarendon Press.
Orchids	Charles Darwin, On the various contrivances by which British and foreign orchids are fertilised by insects, and on the good effects of intercrossing, London, John Murray, 1862.
Origin	Charles Darwin, On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life, London, John Murray, 1859. Quotations from later editions are specified in the text.
Period piece	Gwen[dolen] Raverat, Period piece: a Cambridge childhood, London, Faber & Faber, 1952.
q.v.	Quod vide, which see.
Rogers, James Allen	The reception of Darwin's Origin of species by Russian scientists, Isis, 64:489-508, 1973.
Short life	Francis Darwin, editor, Charles Darwin: his life told in an autobiographical chapter, and in a selected series of his published letters, London, John Murray, 1892. A reduced version of LL, but with some alterations. Later editions are specified in the text.

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Slevin, Joseph Richard	The Galapagos Islands: a history of their exploration, Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 25:1-150, 1959.
Smith, Kenneth G. V. and Dimick, R. E.	Darwin's "American" neighbour, J. Soc. Biblphy Nat. Hist., 8:78-82, 1976.
s.p.	Sine prole, without issue.
Stauffer, Robert C.	Haeckel, Darwin, and ecology, Quart. Rev. Biol., 32:138-144, 1957.
Stauffer, Robert C., editor	Charles Darwin's Natural selection: being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858, Cambridge, University Press, 1975.
Thomson, Keith Steward	H.M.S. Beagle, 1820-1870, Amer. Sci., 63:664-672, 1975.
Venn	J. A. Venn, Alumni Cantabrigienses 1752-1900, 6 vols, Cambridge, University Press, 1922-1954.
Wells, Kentwood D.	Charles Wells and the races of man, Isis, 64:215-225, 1973.
WH	Who's who, London, Adam & Charles Black, 1971-1978. Used only for the unconsolidated volumes.
Winslow, John H.	Mr. Lumb and Masters Megatherium: an unpublished letter by Charles Darwin from the Falklands, J. Hist. Geogr., 1:347-360, 1975.
Worms	Charles Darwin, The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms, with observations on their habits, London, John Murray, 1881.
WWH	Who was who, London, Adam & Charles Black, 6 vols, 1920-1972. Covering the years 1897-1970; issued every 10 years from standing type of WH.

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A

"Abbety"
1879	A nickname used, with "Boo", "Mim", "Lenny" (Leonard D) and "Babba" (CD), by Bernard Richard Meirion D for members of the family. None of them is ED.
Abbot, Dr Francis Ellingwood, 1836-1903.
	American priest. Editor of Index, of Cambridge, Mass.
1871	CD letters to on religion—LLi 305.
Abinger Hall, West of Dorking, Surrey.
	House of Sir Thomas H. Farrer.
1873	Aug. CD first visited, and often later, which he much enjoyed.
Abraham, Mr
	Resident at Downe—Darwin-Innes letters 227.
Abrolhos, Arquipélagodos dos, Brazil.
	Coastal islands south of Salvador. Also spelt "Abrohlos".
1832	Mar. 27 Beagle visited and CD landed.
1835	Misspelt "Abrothos" in Letters on geology, 4-5.
Academia Caesarea Leopoldino-Carolina Germanica Naturae Curiosorum
1857	CD Member under cognomen Forster. "Accipe...ex antiqua nostra consuetudine cognomen Forster". Either the father Johann Reinhold F (1729-1798), or the son Johann Georg Adam F (1754-1794), both of whom went on Cook's second voyage.
Academia Nacional de Ciencias de las República Argentina, Cordova.
1878	CD Honorary Member.
Academia Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitana (Imperatorskaye Akademiya Nauk)
1867	CD Corresponding Member.
Académie des Sciences de l'Institut de France
1872	CD proposed for Zoologie section, but not elected.
1878	Elected in Botanique. CD to Gray "It is rather a good joke that I should be elected to the botanical section, as the extent of my knowledge is little more than that a daisy is a compositous plant, and a pea a leguminous one"—LLiii 224.
1899	"He was in fact guilty of evolution but with extenuating botanical circumstances"—Francis D, Ann. Bot., 12:xi.
Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique
1870	CD Associate.
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
1860	CD Correspondent.
Acland, Sir Henry Wentworth Bart, 1815-1900.
	Physician.
1980	Jan. 29, a copy of the CD off print of Climbing plants F835 inscribed to H. Acland in CD's own hand in Sotheby sale lot 345.

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Acton, Mr
1855	Postmaster at Bromley.
Adventure [1], HMS
1827-1830	Command vessel, under Captain P. P. King, of first voyage of HMS Beagle.
Adventure [2]
	Schooner, 170 tons, a sealer, originally built at Rochester as a yacht, had been used by Lord Cochran.
1833	Mar. bought by Fitz-Roy on 2nd voyage of Beagle, from William Low or Lowe, at Port Louis, Falkland Islands, for $6000 (nearly £1300) with £403 for secondhand equipment from two ships wrecked on Falkland Is. Then named Unicorn. J. C. Wickham in command.
1834	Oct. Admiralty refused to reimburse Fitz-Roy, so sold at Valparaiso for $7300 (nearly £1400).
Agassiz, Alexander Emanuel, 1835-1910.
	Marine biologist. Son of J. L. R. A. Converted to belief in evolution by reading and corresponding with Fritz Müller. Fairly frequent correspondent with CD. EB.
1869	Dec. 1 visited Down House with wife.
Agassiz, Jean Louis Rodolphe, 1807-1873.
	Known as Louis. Ichthyologist and geologist. Biography: 1886 Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz (2nd wife), 2 vols, Boston; 1893 Holder, New York. Biography A. B. Gould 1901, J. D. Teller 1947. EB.
1832-1847	Prof. Natural History Neuchâtel.
1838	Foreign Member R.S.
1847-1873	Prof. Zoology and Geology Harvard.
1841	CD sent J. Researches.
1849	CD met at British Association, Southampton.
1854	CD sent Living Barnacles.
1859	CD sent Origin.
1860	Jan. Gray to CD "He says it is poor—very poor!! (entre nous). The fact is he is very much annoyed by it"—LLii 268.
1860	Jul. "I shall therefore consider the transmutation theory as a scientific mistake, untrue in its facts, unscientific in its method, and mischievious in its tendency"—Silliman's J., 143—LLii 184. Agassiz, "Scientific mistake, untrue in its facts, unscientific in its methods, and mischievous in its tendency"—Amer. J. Sci. 30 p. 154.
1863	CD to Gray "I enjoy anything that riles Agassiz. He seems to grow bigoted with increasing years. I once saw him years ago and was charmed with him"—Darwin-Gray letters 52.
1866	CD to Gray about an Amazonian glacier "We [CD and Lyell] were both astonished at the nonsense which Agassiz writes...his predetermined wish partly explains what he fancied he observed"—Darwin-Gray letters 56.
	A continued against CD for the rest of his life and ML contains a number of other examples of his attitude and his absurdity.
Ainstie, Mr
	Resident at Downe.
1860	Innes was looking for a vicarage. A was perhaps selling his house and wanted £4000—Darwin-Innes letters 205, 207.
Ainsworth, F. W.
	Medical student at Edinburgh with CD and shore collected with him including Isle of May and Inchkeith— Athenaeum May 13 p. 604, 1882.
Ainsworth, William Francis, 1807-1896.
	Physician, Wernerian geologist and middle-east traveller. CD "Knew a little about many subjects, but was superficial and very glib with his tongue"—Barlow, Autobiography 48. DNB.
Airy, Sir George Biddell A., 1801-1892.
	Father of Hubert A.
Airy, Dr Hubert, 1838-1903.
	Son of Sir George Biddell A. One of the people who pointed out the error in Descent i 19 that the platysmus myoides cannot be brought into action voluntarily.
1828-1835	Professor of Astronomy Cambridge.
1835-1881	Astronomer Royal.
1836	FRS.
1873	CD corresponded with on phyllotaxis, Proc. Roy. Soc., 176.

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Albury, near Guildford, Surrey.
1871	Jul. 28-Aug. 24 CD had a family holiday in a rented house. It belonged to Henry Drummond, the Irvingite.
Alderson, Lady Georgina [I], see Drewe.
Alderson, Georgina [II]
	Daughter of Sir Edward H. A. Married Marquis of Salisbury.
1882	A was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Alderson, Sir Edward Hall, 1787-1857.
	Judge, Baron of the Exchequer.
1823	Married Georgina Drewe. Had issue, amongst others, Georgina [II].
1827	Lived Great Russell St, London. "A most temperate man".
Allan, Mr and Mrs
	Resident at Downe.
1868	Sep. Mr Robinson, Curate at Downe, had been having a relationship with one of Mrs Allan's maids, Esther West—Darwin-Innes letters 226.—Brent p. 460.
Allen, Bertha, see Eaton.
Allen, Baugh [I], see Lancelot Baugh A.
Allen, Baugh [II], see George Baugh A.
Allen, Bessy, see Elizabeth A.
Allen, Bob, see Seymour Phillips A.
Allen, Caroline [I], 1768-1835.
	Third child of John Bartlett A. ED's aunt.
1793	Married Edward Drewe.
Allen, Caroline [II], see Romilly.
Allen, Catherine [I], 1765-1830 May 6.
	Second child of John Bartlett A. Known as "Kitty". ED's great aunt. "She could neither make herself or others happy".
1798	Married Sir James Mackintosh.
Allen, Catherine [II], see Fellowes.
Allen, Charles, 1842-?
	Died young. Third child of Lancelot Baugh A and Georgina Sarah A. ED's second cousin.
Allen, Charles Grant Blairfindie, 1848-1899.
	Known as Grant A. Naturalist and general writer. Chronically sick and often in financial difficulty. A was not related to the other Allens. Biography: E. Clodd 1900. WWH.
1877	CD to A, thanks for his book Physiological aesthetics, London.
1879	CD to Romanes, A was in some financial difficulty, CD subscribed £25, will send more if needed—Carroll 567, 569.
1881	CD to Romanes relates to A's trouble, acknowledging cheque for £12.10s in 50% repayment of loan, and about giving a present of a microscope to—Carroll 603.
1882	CD to Romanes, CD prefers to give the microscope now, rather than wait for the repayment of the other half of the loan—Carroll 612, 613.
1885	ED "I do not like Grant Allen's book about your father. It is prancing and wants simplicity".

[page] 20

Allen, Clement Frederick Romilly 1844-?
	First child of Lancelot Baugh Allen and Georgina Sarah. ED's second cousin.
1877	Married Edith Louisa Wedgwood and had offspring.
Allen, Dorothea Hannah, see Eaton.
Allen, Edith Louisa, see Wedgwood.
Allen, Edmund Eaton, 1824-1898.
	Second child of Lancelot Baugh A and Caroline. ED's second cousin.
1848	Married Bertha Eaton and had offspring.
Allen, Elizabeth [I], see Sarah Elizabeth Allen.
Allen, Elizabeth [II], see Hensleigh.
Allen, Elizabeth Jessie Jane, circa 1846-?
	Second child of Lancelot Baugh A and Georgina Sarah. ED's first cousin.
Allen, Emma, 1780-1866 Jun. 4.
	Tenth child of John Bartlett A. Unmarried. ED's aunt. ED named after her.
1843	Moved from Creselly to Heywood Lodge, Heywood Lane, Tenby, on death of her brother John Hensleigh A.
1864	Returned to Cresselly with sister Frances after death of brother John's wife.
Allen, Fanny, see Frances A.
Allen, Frances, 1781-1875 May 6.
	Eleventh child of John Bartlett A. Unmarried. Known as "Fanny". ED's aunt.
1843	Moved to Heywood Lodge, Heywood Lane, Tenby, on death of her brother John Hensleigh A. "A little low white house...the sleek spaniel Crab, and the well cared for garden".
1864	Returned to Creselly, with sister Emma, on death of brother John's wife. F. A. was last surviving member of her generation.
Allen, George Baugh, 1821-1898.
	Barrister. First child of Lancelot Baugh A and Caroline. ED's first cousin.
1846	Married Dorothea Hannah Eaton and had offspring.
Allen, Georgina Sarah, see Bayly.
Allen, Gertrude, see Seymour.
Allen, Gertrude Elizabeth, ?-1824.
	Fifth child of John Hensleigh A. Unmarried. ED's first cousin.
Allen, Grant, see Charles Grant Blairfindie A.
Allen, Harriet, 1776-1845 Nov. 5.
	Seventh child of John Bartlett A. Known as "Sad". ED's aunt.
1799	Married Matthew Surtees.
1827	After death of husband, lived with sisters Emma and Frances at Tenby.

[page] 21

Allen, Harry, see Henry George A.
Allen, Henry George, 1815-1908.
	Second child of John Hensleigh A. Unmarried. ED's first cousin.
Allen, Isabella Georgina, 1818-1914.
	Fourth child of John Hensleigh A.
1840	Married George Lort Phillips.
Allen, Jane, see Louisa Jane A.
Allen, "Jenny", see Louisa Jane A.
Allen, Jessie, 1777-1853 Mar. 3.
	Eighth child of John Bartlett A. ED's favourite aunt. Her description of CD's character: "Fresh and sparkling as the purest water"—Leonard D p. 127.
1819	Married J. C. L. Simonde de Sismondi.
by 1837	Was already deaf.
1842	After death of husband, lived with her sisters, Emma, Frances and Harriet, at Tenby.
after 1842	She burnt Sismondi's journals and her own.
Allen, John, 1810-1886.
	Friend of Edward FitzGerald and of Alfred Tennyson.
1836-1846	School Commissioner.
1847-1883	Archdeacon of Salop.
1847	Visited, with Jessie Sismondi and her sister Emma, the school at Caldy Island, which was paid for by Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood [II]—EDii 107.
Allen, John Bartlett, 1733-1803.
	CD's maternal great-grandfather. Of Creselly, Pembrokeshire.
1763	Married 1 Elizabeth Hensleigh. 2 sons, 9 daughters: 1. Elizabeth; 2. Catherine; 3. Caroline; 4. John Hensleigh; 5. Louisa Jane; 6. Lancelot Baugh; 7. Harriet; 8. Jessie; 9. Octavia; 10. Emma; 11. Frances.
	Married 2 the daughter of a coalminer. 3 daughters who all died young.
Allen, John Hensleigh [I], 1769-1843 Apr.
	Fourth child of John Bartlett A. ED's uncle.
1812	Married Gertrude Seymour. 3 sons, 2 daughters: 1. Seymour Phillips; 2. Henry George; 3. John Hensleigh [II]; 4. Isabella Georgina; 5. Gertrude Elizabeth.
1820	Master of Dulwich College after Lancelot Baugh A's marriage.
Allen, John Hensleigh [II], 1818-1868.
	Third child of John Hensleigh A [I]. Known as "Johnny" as a child. Colonial Office. Worked much amongst the London poor. ED's first cousin.
	Married Margaretta Snelgar.
Allen, "Kitty", see Catherine A.
Allen, Lancelot Baugh, 1774-1845 Oct.
	Seventh child of John Hensleigh A [I]. Known as Baugh. ED's uncle.
	Married 1 Caroline Romilly 2 sons: 1. George Baugh; 2. Edmund Edward.
	Married 2 Georgina Sarah Bayley 2 sons, 1 daughter: 1. Clement Frederick; 2. Elizabeth Jessie Jane; 3. Charles.
1811	Assistant Warden of Dulwich College.
1811-1820	Master of Dulwich College.
1819-1825.	Solicitor, Police Magistrate.
Allen, Louisa Jane, 1771-1836.
	Fifth child of John Bartlett A. Known as Jane or "Jenny". ED's aunt.
1794	Married John Wedgwood [IV].
	Died suddenly at Shrewsbury when consulting Dr R. W. Darwin.
Allen, Margaretta, see Snelgar.

[page] 22

Allen, Octavia, 1779-1800.
	Ninth child (eighth daughter) of John Bartlett A. Unmarried. ED's aunt.
Allen, "Sad", see Harriet A.
Allen, Sarah Elizabeth [I], 1768-1846 Mar. 31.
	First child of John Bartlett A. Known as "Bessy". CD's mother-in-law.
1792	Married Josiah Wedgwood [II].
1833	Early this year had a stroke, damaging a foot, and never walked again. Was bedridden for about last ten years and later mentally ill as well.
Allen, Seymour Phillips, 1814-1861.
	First child of John Hensleigh A [I]. ED's first cousin.
1843	Married Catherine Fellowes and had offspring.
Allfrey, Charles Henry, 1838/39-1912.
	Physician of St Mary Cray and Chislehurst. Brent p. 505 spells "Alfrey".
1882	A attended CD in his terminal illness. Signed CD's death certificate which was at the Register, Bromley; copy at Cambridge 140.5. A was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Alvey, Elizabeth
	Daughter of Matthew A. Origin of forename Alvey in family. Married John Hill. Erasmus D's grandmother. CD's great-great-grandmother.
Alvey, Frances, see Wymonsold.
Alvey, Matthew
	Son of William A. CD's ancestor in fifth generation.
Alvey, William, ?-1649.
	Married Frances Wymonsold. Father of Matthew A. CD's ancestor in 6th generation.
Alwyne, Mrs
1871	Played organ in Downe church.
"Amazon valley fauna"
1863	"Contributions to an insect fauna of the Amazon valley", Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 23:495-566, 2 col. plates, by H. W. Bates.
	Review of [unsigned] by CD, Nat. Hist. Rev., 3:219-224 (Bii 87, F1725). An unsigned review of Henry Walter Bates, Naturalist on the River Amazons, is not considered a review by Darwin but in the printed catalogue in the Department of Printed Books in the British museum—Burkhardt. See also Naturalist on the river Amazons.
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston.
1873	CD Foreign Honorary Member.
American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.
	For their holdings in CD letters etc., see P. T. Carroll.
1870	CD Honorary Member.
"Ammonium carbonate"
1882	"The action of carbonate of ammonia on the roots of certain plants", J. Linn. Soc. Lond., (Bot.), 19:239-261 (Bii 236, F1800).
	"The action of carbonate of ammonia on chlorophyll bodies", ibid., 19:262-284 (Bii 256, F1801).
	Abstract of these two papers by Francis D, Nature, Lond., 25:489-490.
Ampthill Park
1826	Home of Sir James Mackintosh, lent to him by H. R. V. F. Holland, Baron Holland.
Anderson, John Parker
	A was at Department of Printed Books, British Museum.
1887	In G. T. Bettany, Life of Charles Darwin, bibliography of CD and Darwiniana is the earliest source and still important.
Andersson, Nils Johan, 1821-1880.
	Swedish botanist who visited Galapagos Islands in the frigate Eugenie. CD perhaps sent him first edition of Origin—LLii 172.

[page] 23

Angra do Heroisma, Capital of Terceira, Azores.
1836	Sep. 19-24 Beagle anchored off. CD visited.
Angulus Woolneri
	The infolded point of the human ear, also called A. Woolnerianus and Darwin's peak—LLiii 140; Nature, Lond., Apr. 6, 1871. See also Woolner.
Animal intelligence
1882	George J. Romanes, Animal intelligence, London, International Scientific Series XLI. Extracts from CD's notes throughout (F1416). See also Stauffer 1975.
	First foreign editions:
1883	USA (F1419).
1887	French (F1429).
Ann Green of Clifton
	Historical novel by Ethel Winifred Baker, 1936, reprint 1974. Chapter 10 describes a childrens party at Cote House 1817, where the eponymous heroine, aged 8, meets CD and EW who are staying at the house. John Wedgwood is mentioned as having once owned the house, as is Thomas Wedgwood [II] as the first photographer. No evidence that CD or EW ever visited Cote.
Anne
?1865-1879	Domestic servant at Down House.
Ansted, David Thomas, 1814-1880.
	Geologist. Prof. Geology King's College London.
1844	FRS.
1860	CD to about Origin and about Geological gossip, 1860, by A.—MLi 175.
Anthropological Society
1862	CD Honorary Fellow from foundation.
Anthropologische Gesellschafte, Vienna.
1872	CD Honorary Member.
"Ants"
1873	[letter] "Habits of ants", Nature, Lond. 8:244 (Bii 177, F1761); introducing a letter from James D. Hague.
"Ape", cartoonist, see Carlo Pellegrini.
Appleman, Philip
1970	Darwin, New York; extracts from CD's works selected by A (F1624).
Appleton, Mary
	American spiritualist, known as "Molly". Sister of Thomas Gold A and Frances Elizabeth A (Mrs H. W. Longfellow). Married Robert Mackintosh.
Appleton, Thomas Gold, 1812-1884.
	Spiritualist and poet. Better described as wit, literateur, interested in spiritualism. Brother of Mary A and Frances Elizabeth A (Mrs H. W. Longfellow).
1868	A called on CD at Freshwater, Isle of Wight.
Arding, Willoughby, 1805-1879.
	Physician. Ashworth identifies CD's Edinburgh naturalist friend "Hardie" as A, but CD says that Hardie died early in India. A was at Bombay and then Wallingford, Berkshire.
Argyll, 8th Duke of, see George Douglas Campbell.
Armenian
	First editions in:
1877	Biographical sketch of an infant (F1310).
1896	Vegetable mould and worms (F1402).
1936	Origin of species (F630).
1949	Journal of researches (F168).
1959	Autobiography (F1510).
Armstrong, Robert
	Physician at Royal Naval Hospital Plymouth and Inspector of Fleets.
1833	CD sent a large box of fossils to A for forwarding to Henslow—Darwin-Henslow 81.
Artizans' Dwelling Company
1871	CD took 10 shares at £100 each from John Royle Martin—Carroll 403.
1881	CD did not then own them—Atkins 96.

[page] 24

Ascension Island, Atlantic Ocean.
1836	Jul. 19 Beagle arrived.
	Jul. 20 CD ashore.
Ash, Edward John, 1799-1851.
	Bursar of Christ's College Cambridge—Darwin-Henslow 120. Rector of Brisely and Vicar of Gateley, Yorkshire.
1831	Nov. 15 A failed to subtract furniture value from CD's final account with the College—LLi 215.
1836 or 1837	CD had dinner in A's rooms in Christ's College. DAR112.
Ashburner, Misses
	Aunts of Sara Sedgwick. Their father was "the youth beloved" of Mrs John Opie's (née Amelia Alderson) poem "Forget me not".
1871	George D and Francis D stayed with them in USA.
Ashworth, Emily
1848	Married Edward Forbes.
Ashworth, James Hartley, 1874-1936.
	Zoologist. Prof. Zoology Edinburgh. See also Plinian Society. WWH.
1917	FRS.
1935	"Charles Darwin as a student at Edinburgh", Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb., 55:97-113, esp. 103-104.
Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta.
1871	CD Honorary Member.
Athenaeum Club, Pall Mall, London.
1838	Before Aug. CD elected member, one of 40 new members called "The 40 Thieves", proposed by Marquis of Landsdowne. CD used the Club a lot before marriage. See Barlow Autobiography 35.
"Auditory-Sac"
1863	"On the so-called 'auditory-sac' of cirripedes", Nat. Hist. Rev., 3:115-116 (Bii 85, F1722).
Audubon, John James, 1780-1851.
	American ornithologist. CD met and heard him lecture at Edinburgh. "Sneering somewhat unjustly at Waterton"—Barlow Autobiography 51.
1830	FRS.
Australia
1836	Jan. 12-Mar. 16 Beagle was at.
1839	"Farewell Australia! you are a rising infant and doubtless some day will reign a great princess in the south, but you are too great and ambitious for affection, yet not great enough for respect. I leave your shores without sorrow or regret"—J. Researches 538.
"Autobiographical Fragment"
1838	This autobiography of CD's early years was written in this year.
1903	Printed first in MLi 1-5.
	Foreign editions:
1903	USA in stereo edition of ML.
1959	Russian, fragment alone.
Autobiography
1876	Written between late May and Aug. 3 with later additions. Ms title "Recollections of the development of my mind and character". Ms at Cambridge.
1887	first printed in LLi 26-160, with omissions which might possibly have caused offence to ED.
1892	Abbreviated version printed in Charles Darwin: his life, 5-54.
1958	Nora Barlow, editor, The autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809-1882. With the original omissions restored, London (F1497): a retranscription of the original mss, which lists, 244-245, the more important omissions. See also Russian edition 1957 below.
1958	English braille edition based on Barlow (F1509).
	First foreign editions:
1891	Polish (F1538).
1896	Russian (F1533).
1902	Spanish (F1544).
1908	USA (F1478).
1909	Danish (F1512).
1919	Italian (F1522).
1937	Serbian (F1542).
1948	Hebrew (F1520).
1949	Ukrainian (F1547).
1953	Latvian (F1526).
1955	Hungarian (F1521).
	Armenian (F1510).
	Bulgarian (F1511).
	German (F1519).
	Lithuanian (F1527).
1959	Slovene (F1534).
1962	Romanian (F1532).
1965	Korean (F1525).
1957	Russian (F1540) is an independent transcription from the ms and precedes Barlow 1958.
	See also:
1908	The education of Darwin, Old South work Leaflets, 8:194 (F1478).
1903	A. C. Seward, editor, Darwin and modern science; autobiographical fragment (F1479).

[page] 25

Avebury, Baron, see Sir John Lubbock Bart.
Avebury, Lady, see Alice A. L. L. Fox.
Aveling, Dr Edward Bibbins, 1851-1898.
	Medical practitioner, freethinker and crook. Took as common law wife Eleanor Marx, daughter of Karl Marx. See also H. K. Marx.
1880	Oct. 12 A to CD. A wanted to dedicate a book on free thought to CD.
	Oct. 13 CD declined.—P. Thomas Carroll and Ralph Colp (ref. not given).
1881	A visited Down House—LLi 317.
1881	The student's Darwin.
1882	Darwinism and small families.
1883	The religious views of Charles Darwin.
Azores, Atlantic Ocean.
1836	Sep. 19 Beagle anchored off Angra do Heroisma, capital of Terceira; CD visited Praya (Praia de Victoria).
	Sep. 25 Beagle called at St Michael (Sāo Miguel) for letters and left for England.

[page 26]

B

"Babba"
	Bernard Richard Meirion D's infant name for CD. Bernard D p. 27 spells "Baba".
Babbage, Charles, 1792-1871.
	Mathematician. CD regularly attended his "famous evening parties" in London—Barlow Autobiography 108. "A man who did not seem to like his fellow men"—FUL 84. DNB.
1816	FRS.
1828-1839	Lucasian Prof. Mathematics Cambridge.
Babington, Charles Cardale, 1808-1895.
	Botanist. DNB.
1851	FRS.
1861	Prof. Botany Cambridge, succeeding Henslow.
1863	Founded Cambridge Ray Club as a successor to Henslow's evenings.
Backgammon
	CD and ED played two games every evening when they were at Down House for many years. He won most games, she most gammons.
1876	Jan. 28 CD to Gray "she poor creature has won only 2490 games, whilst I have won, hurrah, hurrah, 2795 games!"—EDii 221.
Bacon, Tobacconist of Cambridge.
	The shop is now in the Market.
1828	CD lodged over his shop in Sidney St, "for a term or two"—LLi 163.
Baer, Karl Ernst, Ritter von, Edler von Huthorn, 1792-1876.
	Embryologist. Born in Estonia of German parents who were Russian subjects. See J. A. Rogers, Isis, 64:488-493, 1972.
1867	Copley Medal of Royal Society.
1834-	Librarian Academy of Sciences St Petersburg.
1860	Aug. B wrote to Huxley generally pro-Origin, although he never fully accepted CD's views—LLii 329.
1861	CD refers to B in Historical sketch.
Bagley, Major
	CD to Catherine D mentions as if he was a Shrewsbury friend—D and Beagle p. 67-9.
Bagshaw's Directory
	for Kent.
1847	described CD as "farmer"—Keith 44.
Bahia, see Salvador.
Bahia Blanca, Argentine.
	A military outpost, known as Fort Antonio, separating the Pampas from Patagonia.
1832	Sep. 7-28 Beagle at.
1833	Aug. 25-Sep. 6 CD passed through on his journey from Rio Negro to Buenos Aires.
Bain, Alexander, 1818-1903.
	Philosopher. Prof. Logic Aberdeen.
1873	CD to about B's theory of spontaneity. They had met at Moor Park Hydro—LLiii 172.

[page] 27

Baily
	"Baily the poulterer"—MLi 139. A seller of fancy pigeons, poultry, rabbits in London.
circa 1851	Mentioned several times in LLii. CD arranged tickets for him to attend a lecture by Huxley—MLi 139. He was trying to get a half-lop rabbit for CD—MLi 181.
Baird, Spencer Fullerton, 1823-1887.
	American ornithologist.
1850-1878	Assistant Secretary Smithsonian Institution Washington.
1867	B showed Queries about expression to George Gibbs.
1878-	Secretary.
Baker
	A dealer in the fancy, London. B was trying to get a half-lop rabbit for CD—MLi 181.
Baker, Charles B.
1836	Dec. A missionary at Bay of Islands, New Zealand. CD was shown round by him. See also Thomas Kendall and John King.
Baker, Nathaniel
	Civil Servant.
1875	Secretary to Vivisection Commission, to which CD gave evidence—LLiii 201.
Balfour, Sir Arthur James, Earl of Balfour, 1848-1930.
	Cambridge friend of CD's sons. Statesman. DNB.
1882	Was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral, with Miss Balfour his sister.
1888	FRS.
1902-1905	Prime Minister.
1916	OM.
1922	1st Earl, KG.
Balfour, Francis Maitland, 1851-1882.
	Embryologist. Strong personal friend of CD's sons at Cambridge.
1878	FRS.
1880	Jul. CD lunched with at Cambridge.
1881	Oct. B took tea with CD and ED at Cambridge. "He has a fair fortune of his own. He is very modest, and very pleasant, and often visits here [Down House] and we like him very much"—LLiii 251. B told George D that he had never seen an experiment carried out except under anaesthesia—LLiii 203.
1881	A treatise on comparative embryology, 2 vols.
1882	Prof. Animal Morphology Cambridge.
1882	B was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
1882	Jul. Killed climbing on the Aiguille Blanche.
Bangor, Caernarvonshire.
1831	Aug. CD visited on geological trip with Sedgwick.
1843	Jun. CD visited.
Banks, Sir Joseph, 1743-1820.
	DNB.
1766	FRS.
1768-1771	Was with Cook on 1st voyage.
1778-1820	PRS.
"Bar of sandstone off Pernambuco"
1841	"On a remarkable bar of sandstone off Pernambuco, on the coast of Brazil", Phil. Mag., 19:257-260 (Bi 139, F266).
	Foreign editions:
	French [not traced].
1904	Portuguese (F268).
1936	Russian (F270).
1959	Portuguese, English, French, as a pamphlet, (F269).

[page] 28

Barbeiro
	A large house bug (Triatoma infestans, Reduviidae) of South America. Vector of Chagas disease q.v., also lives in burrows of armadilloes. Also called benchuca. Barbeiro is Portuguese meaning "barber". Vinchuca is Spanish meaning "insect which falls"—this is ? the same as I have for benchuca—New Scientist 1981, Oct. 31 for details of Chagas disease.
Barbier, Edmond (d. 1880)
	Translator of CD's works into French.
1879	Summer, B visited Down House for lunch with Francisque Sarcey.
Lucy Barclay
	Married Samuel John Galton. Mother of Samuel Tertius G.
Barellien, Mlle
1865	B taught Elizabeth D French at Down House.
Barlaston Lea, Staffordshire.
	Home of Francis Wedgwood, near Upper House.
1852	CD and ED visited on journey to Rugby, Betley and Shrewsbury.
1866	Home of Clement Wedgwood on marriage.
1878	Jun. CD and ED visited.
Barlow, Mrs
	"My father used to quote an unanswerable argument by which an old lady, a Mrs Barlow, who suspected him of unorthodoxy, hoped to convert him:—'Doctor, I know that sugar is sweet in my mouth, and I know that my Redeemer liveth'"—Barlow Autobiography 96.
Barlow, Lady Emma Nora, see Emma Nora Darwin.
Barlow, Erasmus Darwin
	Son of Emma Nora and Sir James Alan Noel B. Father of Phyllida. Physician, psychiatrist, trained UCL.
Barlow, Hilda Horatia, 1919- .
	Daughter of Emma Nora and Sir James Alan Noel B.
1944	Married John Hunter Padel. 3 sons, 2 daughters.
Barlow, Horace Basil, 1921- .
	Son of Emma Nora and Sir James Alan Noel B.
1964	FRS.
until 1984	Royal Society Research Professor, Physiology, Cambridge, retired 1984.
Barlow, Sir James Alan Noel, Bart, 1881-1966.
	Known as Alan. Civil Servant. WWH.
1947	GCB.
1948	2nd Bart.
1911	Married Emma Nora Darwin. 4 sons 2 daughters. See Emma Nora Darwin.
Barlow, Phyllida
	Granddaughter of Emma Nora B. Married Fabian Peake.
Barlow, Sir Thomas Erasmus, Bart, 1914- .
	Son of Emma Nora and Sir James Alan Noel B. DSC DL.
Barmouth, Caernarvonshire.
1828	Summer, CD went on a coaching holiday under G. A. Butterton.
1829	Jun. CD visited with F. W. Hope to collect beetles, but CD had to return home after two days owing to illness.
1831	CD visited alone after geological tour with Sedgwick.
1869	Jun. 10-Jul. 30 family holiday at Caerdeon, two miles east of, on north side of estuary.
Barnacles
	"Then where does he do his barnacles?" This story of a child's misunderstanding is Lubbock's—MLi 38. For CD's work on barnacles see Cirripedia.
Barnard, Anne, see Henslow.
Barrande, Joachim, 1799-1883.
	Invertebrate palaeontologist.
1855	CD to Huxley, CD to Lyell, CD had proposed him for Foreign Member of Royal Society. He was not elected—MLi 81, MLii 231.
Barrett, Paul E.
1977	Editor of The collected papers of Charles Darwin, 2 vols, Chicago. References to entries in this most useful work are given for each paper entered here as B, followed by volume and page number. See also Howard E. Gruber, Darwin's notebooks.
Barrow, Sir John, Bart, 1764-1848.
	Civil Servant. DNB.
1805	FRS.
1835	1st Bart.
1836	B communicated Fitz-Roy's paper on Beagle voyage to J. R. Geogr. Soc., 6:311-343.
?1850	CD to E. Cresy, CD considered that naval expeditions, especially those in search of missing vessels, were a waste of money. Barrow was much in favour of them. "That old sinner"—MLi 68.

[page] 29

Bartlett, Abraham Dee, 1812-1897.
1859-1897	Superintendent, Zoological Society′s Gardens, Regent's Park, London. Frequently helped CD by answering queries and sending material.
Basket, Fuegia, ?1821-?1883.
	Woman, native name Yokcushlu, of the Alakaluf tribe from the western islands of Tierra del Fuego.
1830	Mar. After one of the Beagle's boats was stolen B was captured as a hostage. She was named "Basket" to commemorate the return of the crew to the Beagle in a woven basket. Taken to England by Fitz-Roy, then aged about 9.
1833	Jan. 23 B returned in Beagle and aged only 12 married York Minster, q.v. She "daily increases in every direction except height"—Keynes p. xi.
1839	Fitz-Roy gives her name in Alikhoolip language as Yokcushlu.
?1843	"Captain Sulivan...heard from a sealer, that...he was astonished by a native woman coming on board who could talk some English. Without doubt this was Fuegia Basket. She lived (I fear the term bears a double interpretation) some days on board"—J. Researches, 1845, 229.
circa 1872, 1883	T. Bridges saw her, and again in 1883 when she was old and "nearing her end".
Bassett, North Stoneham, Southampton.
1862-1902	Ridgmount, home of William Erasmus D, sold on death of his wife Sarah.
Bassoon
	FD of CD "Finding the cotyledons of Biophytum to be highly sensitive to vibrations of the table, he fancied that they might perceive the vibrations of sound, and therefore made me play my bassoon to it"—LLi 149.
Bateman, James, 1811-1897.
	Botanist and plant breeder especially of orchids. Sent CD plants of Anagraecum sesquipedale, a native of Madagascar, which is now known to be fertilized by a sphingid moth, Xanthopan morgani, with proboscis about 25 cm. long.
Bates, Henry Walter 1825-1892.
	Traveller and naturalist. Darwin-Bates correspondence published in R. M. Stecher, Ann. Sci., 25:1-47, 95-125, 1969. Biography: G. Woodcock 1969; H. P. Moon 1977. DNB.
1861	Married Sarah Ann Mason. 3 sons, 2 daughters.
1861	CD sent B 3rd edition of Origin—MLi 176.
1863	CD was most impressed by Naturalist on the river Amazons, "the best work on natural travels ever published in England"—LLii 381.
1863	Review of Amazons book, in Nat. Hist. Rev., 3:385-389, is almost certainly not by CD. It is attributed to CD in early printings of Everyman edition of the book and from there by British Museum printed catalogue.
1863	Review of B's paper on insect fauna of the Amazon valley, which discusses Batesian mimicry, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 23:495-566, in Nat. Hist. Rev., 3:219-224. An unsigned review of Henry Walter Bates, Naturalist on the River Amazons, is not considered a review by Darwin but in the printed catalogue in the Department of Printed Books in the British museum—Burkhardt.
1864-1892	Assistant Secretary to Geographical Society.
1881	FRS.

[page] 30

Bates, Marston, and Humphrey, Philip S.
1956	The Darwin reader, New York, (F1613), selections from CD's works by.
Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia.
1836	Jan. 20 CD visited from Sydney.
1949	A monument was erected to commemorate CD's visit 1836.
Baxter, Mr
	Resident in Downe—Darwin-Innes 205.
Bayley, Georgina Sarah, ?-1859.
1841	Married as second wife Lancelot Baugh Allen.
Beagle [I]
	His/Her Majesty's Ship, sometimes called by Fitz-Roy His Majesty's Surveying Vessel. Third of the name. Sloop brig rigged as a brig. Built at Woolwich on the Thames.
1820	May 11 launched.
1825	Rerigged as a barque.
	Displacement 235 tons; length of gundeck 90′; extreme breadth 24′ 6″; keel for tonnage 73′ 7 7/8″; light draught 7′ 7″ forward, 9′ 5″ aft. [Measurements differ slightly.]
	No. 41 of a class of 107 ten-gun brigs which were nicknamed "coffins", or "half-tide rocks", from their ability to go down as sea swept over waist in bad weather.
	Guns varied, normally 7; 1 x 6 lb carronade, 2 x 6 lb fore guns, 2 x 6 lb aft guns, 2 x 9 lb, all brass.
	Much error has appeared in descriptions of Beagle. Revell scale model (x cl/110) 1972. Best contemporary illustrations can be found together in A. Moorehead, Darwin and the Beagle, 1969. See N&R 62, much in error; J. R. Slevin, Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 25:75-88, 1959; K. S. Thomson, Amer. Sci., 63:664-672, 1975. The original of the Philip Gidley King sketch of the layout is at the Mitchell Library, New South Wales.
1826-1830	FIRST SURVEYING VOYAGE:
	To South America, in company with HMS Adventure, Captain P. P. King who commanded the expedition. Beagle commanded by Lieut. Pringle Stokes.
1826	Aug.-Nov. Acting command of Lieut. Skyring.
1828	Aug. 12 Stokes committed suicide, thereafter commanded by Fitz-Roy.
	Beagle [I], First voyage—Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. Extracted from a journal of the surveying expedition composed of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle. 1830 United Services Journal part 2:461-67 (Oct.), 671-9 (Nov.), 793-800 (Dec.). John Lort Stokes copy shown to me by MEK 1980 Feb. 23.
1831-1836	SECOND SURVEYING VOYAGE:
	To South America and round the world 1831 Dec. 27 to 1836 Oct. 2. Total time away from England 1737 days (1835 Nov. 15 crossed date line, one day lost). Commanded by Commander Fitz-Roy, Captain 1835 Dec.
	On second voyage carried 2 9lb guns and 4 carronades; special fittings included upper deck raised 8-12″, Lihou's rudder, Harris's conductors on all masts, 22 chronometers: 11 government, 6 Fitz-Roy, 4 on loan from makers, 1 Lord Ashburnham.
	Complement 74; 16 are listed by name in Narrative ii, and without names Acting Boatswain, Sergeant of Marines and 7 privates, 34 seamen and 6 boys. There were 4 supernumeraries who are named, including CD, 3 Fuegians, Fitz-Roy's steward and CD's servant Syms Covington, who started as one of the boys. Complement varied; list 1836 Oct. at Down House, CD Diary 1832 Jul. 24 "76 souls on board 1 Sgt + 8 marines, 34 seamen, 10 idlers, 2 petty officers, 14 officers, 5 extras (3 Fuegians, CD and Earle).
	CD on board as supernumerary, a guest of Fitz-Roy, throughout voyage, but often on shore when Beagle was surveying.
	Details of day-to-day positions and ports of call are given in Narrative, Vol. II appendix. The following is only a summary:
1831	Nov. 5 CD and Fitz-Roy boarded; 16 sailed, but returned to Barn Pool below Mount Edgecombe; Dec. 21 sailed, but again put back; Dec. 27 sailed.
1832	Jan. 7 Santa Cruz, Tenerife; Jan. 7-Feb. 8 Porto Praya, Cape Verde Islands; Feb. 16-17 St Paul's Rocks; Feb. 20 Fernando de Noronha; Feb. 28-Mar. 18 Salvador; Mar. 29 Abrolhos; Apr. 5-May 10 Rio de Janeiro; Apr. 16-23 Salvador; Jun. 4-Jul. 5 Rio de Janeiro; Jul. 26-31 Monte Video; Aug. 3-19 Monte Video; Sep. 7-28 Blanco Bay; Oct. 6-17 Blanco Bay; Oct. 25-30 Monte Video; Nov. 2-10 Buenos Aires; Nov. 14-27 Monte Video; Dec. 18-19 Good Success Bay; Dec. 24-30 San Martin Cove.

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1833	Jan. 15-Feb. 8 Tierra del Fuego waters; Mar. 1-Apr. 6 Berkeley Sound; Apr. 26-Jul. 24 Monte Video and Maldonado; Aug. 25-Sep. 6 Blanco Bay; Aug. 16-23 Monte Video and Maldonado; Oct. 4-Dec. 5 Monte Video and Maldonado; Oct. 24-[1834 Jan. 4] Port Desire.
1834	[1833 Oct. 24]-Jan. 4 Port Desire; Jan. 10-18 Port Julian; Feb. 2-10 Port Famine; Feb. 12-Mar. 12 Tierra del Fuego waters; Mar. 13-Apr. 5 Port Louis, Falkland Islands; Apr. 13-May 11 Santa Cruz River; Jun. 1-8 Port Famine; Jun. 9-12 Tierra del Fuego waters; Jun. 29-Jul. 14 Chiloe; Jul. 23-Nov. 11 Valparaiso; Nov. 22-[1835 Feb. 7] Chiloe and Chonos Archipelago.
1835	[1834 Nov. 22]-Feb. 7 Chiloe and Chonos Archipelago; Feb. 9-21 Valdivia; Mar. 4-7 Concepcion; Mar. 12-17 Valparaiso; May 4-Jun. 6 Herradura; May 14-29 Valparaiso; Jul. 3-6 Copiapó Jul. 13-14 Iquique; Jul. 20-Sep. 7 Callao; Sept. 16-Oct. 20 Galapagos Islands; Nov. 15-26 Tahiti; Dec. 21-30 Bay of Islands, New Zealand.
1836	Jan. 12-30 Sydney Cove; Feb. 4-17 Storm Bay and Hobart; Mar. 6-16 King George Sound; Apr. 2-12 Cocos Keeling Islands; Apr. 29-May 9 Port Louis, Mauritius; Jun. 1-17 Simon Bay, Cape Colony; Jul. 8-14 St Helena; Jul. 20-23 Ascension; Aug. 1-6 Salvador; Aug. 13-17 Pernambuco; Aug. 31-Sep. Porto Praya, Cape Verde Islands; Sep. 19-21 Angro, Azores; Sep. 24 St Michael, Azores; Oct. 2 Falmouth, CD disembarked; Oct. 5-17 Plymouth; Oct. 28-Nov. 6 Greenwich; Nov. 6 voyage ended at Woolwich; Nov. 17 paid off.
	During the South American part of the voyage, Fitz-Roy used up to 7 inshore vessels: 4 schooners for inshore surveying work, Adventure [II], La Liebre, La Paz qq.v., and one, of 35 tons, whose name is not given, which was at first, 1835 Jun., loaned by Antonio José Vascunan of Coquimbo, when B. J. Sullivan surveyed parts of Chile coast. It was later bought, and A. B. Usborne surveyed the whole coast of Peru after Beagle left for Galapagos Is; finally sold at Paita, Peru—Fitz-Roy, J. R. Geogr. Soc., 6: 311-343, 1836.

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1837-1843	THIRD SURVEYING VOYAGE:
	To New Zealand and Australia.
1837-1841	Under command of Captain J. C. Wickham until he retired through ill-health.
1841-1843	Captain J. L. Stokes.
1843	Nov. 17 finally paid off.
	Later history:
1845-1870	Coastguard Watch Vessel on river Roach, near Pagglesham, Essex, with masts and all gear removed.
1863	Name removed and numbered W. V. 7.
1870	May 13 sold to Murray & Trainer for scrap and towed to Thames estuary.
1888	Beagle stated in Nature, Lond., 37:443 to have been sold to Japan was not CD's Beagle, but the 4th of the name, a paddle steamer which had seen service in the Crimean war 1854.
	It is confused with Beagle, 3rd of the name, in de Beer, Notes and Records 62, 1959, and by H. E. L. Mellersh, Fitzroy of the Beagle, 1968.
Beagle [II]
1964	Research vessel of Darwin Research Station, Indefatigable Island, Galapagos Islands.
Beagle [III]
	A two-masted schooner.
Beagle [IV]
	A cabin cruiser which replaced Beagle [III] in 1981.
Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego, Chile/Argentine.
	Divides Isla Grande to the north from I. Hoste and I. Navarino to the south. Surveyed and named on 1st voyage of Beagle.
Beagle, Geology of, see Geology of the voyage etc.
Beagle Islands
	Small islands in Galapagos group between James and Indefatigable Is.
1892	Official Ecuadorian name.
Beagle, Voyage of, see Narrative of the surveying voyages etc., and Journal of researches etc.
Beagle, Zoology of, see Zoology of the Beagle.
"Beans"
1857	"Bees and the fertilisation of kidney beans", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 43: 725 (Bi 275, F1697).
1858	"On the agency of bees in the fertilisation of papilionaceous flowers and on the crossing of kidney beans", Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 2:459-465 (Bii 19), Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 46:828-829 (F1701).
Bear-Whale Story, see Whale-Bear story.
Beaton, Donald, 1802-1863.
	Plant breeder, working gardener and hybridizer. See Britten and Boulger.
1861	CD "I can plainly see that he is not to be trusted"—MLi 268.
1863	B's assertion against G. F. von Gaertner's work is controverted by CD in Cottage Gardener 29:93.
	Find out where B worked from ibid. 30:266, 385, 415.
	B's reply to CD in ibid. 29:70-71, influence of pollen on the appearance of seed.
Beaufort, Rear Admiral Sir Francis, 1774-1857.
	Originator of the Beaufort Scale of wind speeds. Was a personal friend of Fitz-Roy. A. Friendly Beaufort of the Admiralty 1977. DNB.
1803	B visited CD's father at Shrewsbury re skin disease.
1814	FRS.
1829-1855	Hydrographer to the Navy.
1832	B offered CD post on Beagle through G. Peacock.
1832-1836	Fitz-Roy's letters to B, during 2nd voyage of Beagle, contain many comments on CD; extracts in Francis D, Nature, Lond., 88:547-548, 1912; Barlow, Cornhill, 72:493-510, 1932.
1848	KCB.

[page] 33

"Bees"
	See also "Humble bees".
1857	"Bees and the fertilisation of kidney beans", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 43:725 (Bi 275, F1697).
1858	"On the agency of bees in the fertilisation of papilionaceous flowers and on the crossing of kidney beans", Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 2:459-465 (Bii 19), Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 46:828-829.
1874	"Recent researches on termites and honey bees", Nature, Lond., 9:308-309 (Bii 182, F1768), introducing letter from Fritz Müller.
Beesby, Lincolnshire.
1845	CD bought a farm for £13,592 borrowed from his father; rent 1845 £377, 1877 £555 16s.
1845	Sep. CD visited "to see a farm I have purchased"—LLi 342, Keith 222.
1881	CD still owned it—Atkins 100.
Beetles
1828-1846	CD collected avidly when at Cambridge, encouraged by W. D. Fox. His early collecting records are published in J. F. Stephens, Illustrations of British entomology, 1828-1835, suppl., 1846, about thirty records in first 5 vols of Mandibulata.
1829	Feb. 20 F. W. Hope gave CD specimens of about 160 species of British beetles in London—LLi 174.
1829	CD went on beetle collecting tour with Hope to Barmouth, but CD was ill and had to return to Shrewsbury after two days.
1859	["Records of beetles at Downe"], Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer, 6:99 (Bii 292, F1703), a note signed by Francis, Leonard and Horace D, who were 10, 8 and 7 years old, clearly written by CD—LLii 240.
Behrens, Wilhelm Julius, 1854-1903.
1878	CD to on fertilisation of plants by insects, praising C. K. Sprengel, and thanking B for sending his Geschichte der Bestaubungs-Theorie, Progr. K. Gewerbschule zu Elberfeld, 1877-1878—LLiii 282.
Belfast
1827	CD visited on a spring tour.
Bell Mountain, Chile. See Campana.
Bell, Lady Caroline
1836	"Lady Caroline Bell, at whose house I dined at the C. of Good Hope, admired Herschel much, but said that he always came into a room as if he knew that his hands were dirty, and that he knew that his wife knew that they were dirty"—Barlow Autobiography 107.
Bell, Sir Charles 1774-1842.
	Physician and surgeon. Probably the greatest human anatomist of 19th century. DNB.
1806	CD had high admiration of his Anatomy and philosophy of expression, 1806, quoting in Expression from 3rd edition 1844 which has B's latest corrections. "Admirable work on expression"—Barlow Autobiography 138.
1812-1836	Surgeon to Middlesex Hospital.
1826	FRS.
1830	Kt.
1836-1842	Prof. Surgery Edinburgh.

[page] 34

Bell, Thomas 1792-1880.
	Physician, dental surgeon and zoologist. He was the first dental surgeon to be registered. Prof. Zoology King's College London. Often at Down House in the early years. Retired to The Wakes, Selbourne, Hampshire, Gilbert White's house. DNB.
1828	FRS.
	B wrote Reptiles for Zoology of the Beagle, and delayed completion for nearly two years through procrastination and ill-health.
1861	CD dined with B at Linnean Club, "Bell has a real good heart"—MLi 185.
Belloc, Anne-Louise Swanton, 1796-1881.
	Translator from English into French.
1859	Dec. CD to ?Quatrefages, B considered translating Origin, but found it technically too difficult—Carroll 183, 192.
Belt, Thomas, 1832-1878.
	Engineer, geologist and naturalist.
1874	CD to Hooker, refers to Naturalist in Nicaragua 1874, about glacial period—LLii 361.
1874	CD to Hooker, "It appears to me the best of all natural history journals which have ever been published", "untimely death may well be deplored by naturalists"—LLiii 188.
Bemmelen, Adrian Anthoni van, 1830-1897.
	Ornithologist; Chairman of Netherland Zool. Soc. for 17 years.
Bemmelen, Prof. J. A. van
1877	B sent album of 217 photographs of Dutch distinguished men for CD's 68th birthday.
Benchuca Bug
	A large house bug of South America (Triatoma infestans, Reduviidae). Vector of Chagas disease q.v. Also lives in burrows of armadilloes. Another name for Barbeiro. See other bug entries and under Luxan and Iquique.
1835	Mar. ?25 "It is most disgusting to feel soft wingless insects, about an inch long, crawling over one's body". In the same para CD mentions feeding one at Iquique—Diary pp. 296-8, Keynes p. 271.
Bennett, Alfred William, 1833-1902.
	Botanist.
1874	CD to B, when B had ceased to be assistant editor of Nature, asking for return of wood blocks for first edition of Climbing plants, 1865—Carroll 438.
Bennett, James 1804-?
	Born Devonport. Served on Arrogant with Fitz-Roy.
1830-1831	Gunner's Mate of Beagle on first voyage. Remained with Fitz-Roy and looked after the four, later after the death of Boat Memory, three, Fuegians when they were in England.
	Acted as "Captain's Coxswain" no such rank on 2nd voyage from time to time. On part of 3rd voyage. "A most deserving and long tried companion in many difficulties"—Fitz-Roy.
Bennett, Mary
1841	CD's children's nurse.
Bentham, Mr
	Of Holwood, Downe.
1865	Sep. called at Down House. Apparently a new neighbour. ED liked him.
Bentham, George, 1800-1884.
	Son of Sir Samuel B. Nephew of Jeremy B. Botanist. Biography: Jackson 1906, DNB.
1844	CD discussed flora of Sandwich Islands with.
1854	B presented his books and herbarium to Kew and worked there daily.
1858	Jul. 28 CD "I have ordered Bentham, for, as — says, it will be very curious to see a Flora written by a man who knows nothing of British plants"—LLii 131.
	Jul. 30 "I have got Bentham and am charmed with it". These two quotations refer to Handbook of the British flora, 1858, which remained in print for more than 100 years.
1859	B accepted evolution.
1862	FRS.
1862	B approved of Orchids in his Presidential address to Linnean Society.
1882	B was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.

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Beob, Miss
1865	Governess at Down House for six months.
Berkeley Sound, East Falkland Island.
1833, 1834	1833 Mar. 1-Apr. 6, 1834 Mar. 10-Apr. 7 Beagle anchored at. CD there only in 1834.
Berkeley, Rev. Miles Joseph, 1803-1889.
	Mycologist. Vicar of Sibbertoft, Northamptonshire. Dyer described B as "the virtual founder of British mycology". See Edible fungus from Tierra del Fuego. DNB.
1862	Jun. 14 B reviewed Orchids in London. Rev.
1868	CD thanks B for sending a copy of his Presidential address to Section D of British Association at Norwich—MLi 309.
1879	FRS.
Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie
1877	CD Corresponding Member.
"Bessy", see Harding
Betley, Staffordshire, near Maer.
	Betley Hall. Home of G. Tollet. CD and ED often visited in childhood.
1852	Apr. CD and ED visited on journey to Rugby, Barlaston and Shrewsbury.
Betsey, ?1865-1879.
	Domestic servant at Down House.
Bettany, George Thomas, 1850-1892.
	Botanist.
1887	Life of Charles Darwin, London, Great Writers Series, is the earliest biography of CD other than obituaries and Miall's lecture. Chiefly useful for J. P. Anderson's bibliography pp. i-xxxi.
Biddulph, Frances, 1833-1890.
	Eldest child of R. M. B. and Frances Mostyn Owen B.
Biddulph, Robert
1803	Married Charlotte Myddelton.
Biddulph, Col. Robert Myddelton, 1805-1872.
	Of Chirk Castle, Denbigh. Eldest son of Robert Biddulph.
1832	Married Frances ("Fanny") Owen. 3 sons, 3 daughters.
"Biographical Sketch of an Infant"
1877	"A biographical sketch of an infant", Mind, 2:285-294 (Bii 191, F1305). Observations made by CD 1839-1841 on his first born child William Erasmus D, written as a result of a paper on the same subject by Hippolyte Taine, a translation of which appeared in the previous number of Mind 252.
	First foreign editions:
1877	French (F1311), German (F1312), Russian (F1314).
1914	Armenian (F1310).
1956	USA (F1309).
1880	["On the bodily and mental development of infants"], Nature, Lond., 74: 565 (Bii 732, F1797), report of a letter from CD to a social science meeting at Saratoga, N.Y.
Biological Society of Washington
1882	May 12 held a Darwin Memorial meeting, the first such. Proceedings published in Smithson. Misc. Coll., 25.

[page] 36

Bird, Mr
1831	B sent a fly to CD through Henslow—Darwin and Henslow 27.
Bird, Isabella L., 1832-1904.
	Traveller and japanophile.
1881	Married John Bishop.
1896	"It (Origin of species) has also, according to Miss Bird, been translated into Japanese, and is there much studied"—LLi p. 86. First is 1896.
Bird Talisman, The
	A fairy story by Henry Allen Wedgwood.
1852	1. The Family Tutor, 3: 49-52, 89-92, 108-111, 143-146, 168-171, 208-212, 234-237.
1887	2. Printed privately as a book, at Cambridge University Press, for CD's grandchildren, at the instigation of and with a 4-line preface by ED. No. 2 is the second of ED's only printed works.
1939	3. Only published edition as a book, illustrated by Gwen Raverat, W's great-niece and ED's grand-daughter.
Birmingham, Warwickshire.
1829	CD visited with Wedgwoods for music meeting.
1839	Aug. 26-Sep. 11 CD visited for British Association meeting.
1849	Sep. 11-21 CD visited for British Association meeting.
Bishop's Castle, Shropshire.
1832	Jul. CD had a holiday at with sister Susan Elizabeth.
Bismarck, see Elephant tree.
Blair, Rev. Robert Hugh
	Head of Worcester College for the Blind.
1872	B helped CD with observations on expression in the blind—MLii 109.
Blair, Rueben A.
	Of Sedalia, Missouri.
1877	CD to about damaged goose wing and inheritance of similar damage by offspring—Carroll 529 seq.
1881	CD to B about Mastodon remains and B's daughter's love of natural history, "I hope that the study of natural history may give your daughter a large share of the satisfaction which the study has given me"—Carroll 593.
Blane, Robert, 1809-1871.
	Officer in 2nd Life Guards. Cambridge friend of CD.
1854-1855	Assistant Adjutant General and Military Secretary.
1860	Colonel.
Blomefield, Leonard, see Jenyns.
"Bloom"
1886	Francis Darwin. "On the relation between the 'bloom' on leaves and distribution of the stomata", J. Linn. Soc. Bot., 22:99-116 (F1805). Contains results obtained by Francis D working as research assistant to CD in 1878.
Blunt, Thomas
	A pharmacist in Shrewsbury. CD bought distilled water from him for his chemistry—Brent p. 32. Biographical note on—MLi 62. Wrote under pseudonyms "Zoophilus" and "Z". DNB.
Blyth, Edward, 1810-1873.
	Zoologist. Neglected his druggist business at Tooting in favour of natural history and got into financial difficulties—LLii 315. Helped greatly with Variation.
1835, 1837	His early views on natural selection maintaining fixity of species 1835 Mag. Nat. Hist. 8: 40-53 and 1837 n.s. 1:1-9. L. Eiseley maintains that CD deliberately plagiarized the idea of natural from these articles— Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 103:94-114, reprinted in Darwin and the mysterious Mr. X, pp. 42-80, 1979.
1844-1862	Zoological Curator of Museum of Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta.
1855	B drew CD's attention to Wallace's species paper of that year.
1860	May, B wrote to CD in favour of Origin. CD to Hooker, praising B's knowledge of Indian zoology, "He is a very clever, odd, wild fellow, who will never do what he could do, from not sticking to any one subject"—MLi 63.
1868	Mar. visited CD at Down House.

[page] 37

Blytt, Axel Gudbrand, 1843-1898.
	Botanist. Prof. Botany Christiania.
1876	B sent CD his work on Norwegian flora, Essay on the immigration of the Norwegian flora. CD much approved of it—LLiii 215, 248, MLii 11.
Boat Memory, ?-1830.
	Alakaluf man from Tierra del Fuego. "A great favourite with all who knew him...a pleasing intelligent appearance...quite an exception to the general character of the Fuegians, having good features and a well-proportioned frame"—Fitz-Roy, Narrative 10. Was, unusually, a good swimmer.
1830	Apr. captured as hostage for stolen boat.
1830	Aged about 20 taken to England by Fitz-Roy.
1830	Nov. died of smallpox in Plymouth Naval Hospital.
Bob, Bobby
1870	A large half-bred black and white dog at Down House. See Expression 64.
Bobby
1893	A robin which Henrietta part tamed at Down House.
Boehm, Sir Joseph Edgar, Bart, 1834-1890.
	Sculptor. 1st Bart.
1882	RA.
1883	B made statue of CD at British Museum (Natural History); life-size stone, seated in stylized chair.
1885	Jun. 9 unveiled by Huxley in presence of Prince of Wales. Admiral Sulivan and Parslow were also present.
	There is also a half-size copy by the artist.
1887	B carved the deep medallion in Westminster Abbey. B was paid £2,100 for the statue and £150 for the medallion.
Bolton, Thomas
	Commercial aquarist of 146 High Holborn, London, and of Birmingham. Supplied CD with artificial sea salt for experiments on the longevity of seeds—Allan 152.
Bonn, University of
1868	CD Honorary Doctor of Medicine and Surgery.
"Boo"
	Bernard D's infant nickname for Horace D because Bernard called engines "boo-boos"—Bernard D p. 52.
1879	With "Abbety", "Mim", "Lenny" (Leonard D) and "Babba" (CD) were Bernard Richard Meirion D's nicknames for the family at Down House. None is ED.
Boole, Mrs Mary Everest, 1832-1916.
	Mathematician. Widow of George B.
1866	B writes to CD about his views on God and receives a characteristic answer—LLiii 63.
Boott, Dr Francis, 1792-1863.
	American physician and botanist working in England.
1838	Aug. CD dined with at Athenaeum.
1856	Aug. 20 Gray to CD "Boott lately sent me your photograph which (though not a very perfect one) I am well pleased to have"—MLi 428.
1860	Mar. 8 CD to Gray, CD has had a long letter from B "full of the most noble love of truth and candour. He goes far with me but cannot swallow all. No one could until he had enlarged his gullet by years of practice, as in my own case"—Darwin-Gray 76.

[page] 38

Bosquet, Joseph Augustin Hubert de, 1814-1880.
	Belgian carcinologist of Maestricht.
1854	CD sent him copy of Living Cirripedia—MLi 75.
1856	B named Chthamalus darwini, a fossil barnacle from the Chalk, for CD and sent him specimen—MLi 97.
1856	CD to B who was apparently also interested in carrier pigeons—Carroll 138.
Boston Society of Natural History
1873	CD Honorary Member.
Bosworthick, John
	Old shipmate of FR. Ropemaker on Beagle second voyage.
Botanic Garden, Cambridge.
	New Botanic Garden, Trumpington Rd. Holds CD's set of Gardeners' Chronicle.
1846	Opened.
Botofogo Bay, Argentine.
	Used as a base and address by CD. Described as the "Brighton of Rio".
Boucher de Crèvecoeur de Perthes, Jacques, 1788-1868.
	French geologist. Archaeologist. Director of Customs, Abbeville.
1847	B, in Antiquités Celtiques, described flint artefacts with bones of rhinoceros and hyaena at Abbeville.
1863	CD complains to Lyell that L had not done B justice in Antiquity of man, "Must be a very amiable man"—LLiii 13, 15-16.
Bournemouth, Hampshire.
1862	Sep. 1-27 CD on family holiday after visit to William Erasmus D at Southampton.
Bowcher, Frank, ?-1938.
	Sculptor and engraver.
1908	B designed Darwin-Wallace medal for Linnean Society. WWH.
Bowen, Charles Synge, Baron Bowen, 1835-1894.
	Father of Ethel Kate B.
Bowen, Ethel Kate
	Daughter of Charles Synge B, Baron Bowen. Married Josiah Clement Wedgwood as first wife.
Bowen, Francis, 1811-1890.
	American theologian.
1853-1889	Prof. Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy and Civil Polity, Harvard.
1860	Anti-Origin reviews in Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. and N. Amer. Rev. (of which he was editor).
Bowerbank, James Scott, 1797-1877.
	Distiller. A founder of London Clay Club.
1842	FRS.
1851, 1854	Secretary of the Palaeontographical Society when CD published Fossil cirripedes.
1864-82	Best known work British Spongiadae, 4 vols.
Bowman, Sir William, Bart, 1816-1892.
	Ophthalmic surgeon. DNB.
1841	FRS.
1868	CD had called on him in London, but he was away. He had done some kindness to one of CD's sons—MLii 98, Carroll 301.
	Provided much information for Expression—LLiii 134, MLii 98, Expression 160, 192.
1882	B was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
1884	1st Bart.
Brace, Rev. Charles Loring, 1826-1890.
	American philanthropist and practical christian.
1872	Summer, visited Down House—LLiii 165.
Bradley, George Granville, 1821-1903.
1881-1902	Dean of Westminster Abbey.
1882	B's name is on admission cards for CD's funeral. He was abroad at the time and sent his consent by telegram "Oui sans aucune hésitation regrette mon absence".

[page] 39

Braille
	English Braille editions of CD's works:
1916	Journal of researches (F168).
1934	Origin of species (F629).
1962	Autobiography (F1509).
Brass Close
	Darwin family estate at Marton, Lincolnshire.
1722	Ann D. née Waring, bequeathed in her will, dated 1722 May 18, "the rents from Brass Close for four poor widows" who were to be provided with "4 grey coats" with a badge of red cloth "cut in the shape of Two Great Roman Letters A.D."
1879	Leonard D visited Kirton when the piece of land was known as "Darwin's Charity".
Braun, Alexander Carl Heinrich, 1805-1877.
	German botanist.
1864	B was an early convert to CD's views on species.
1864	CD to D. B. Walsh—MLi 259.
Brayley, Edward William, 1802-1870.
	Geologist. A free-lance lecturer. See Brayley testimonials.
1854	FRS.
Brayley Testimonials
1845	Additional testimonials submitted to the Council of University College, London, By Edward William Brayley...a candidate for the Professorship of Geology, London, Richard & John E. Taylor printed (F324). CD's testimonial p. [7]. CD did not contribute to the earlier testimonials, for the same chair, of 1841. The chair was not filled because the College could not find the salary.
Brazil, Emperor of, Pedro II, 1825-1891.
1878	Jun. expressed a wish, whilst in England, to meet CD, but CD was away from home.
Bree, Charles Robert, 1811-1886.
	Naturalist and anti-Darwinian.
1860	Species not transmutable, nor the result of secondary causes, London. CD's comments on—LLii 358.
1860	CD to Hooker, "You need not attempt Bree", "He in fact doubts my deliberate word, and that is the act of a man who has not the soul of a gentleman in him"—MLi 174.
1872	An exposition of the fallacies in the hypothesis of Mr. Darwin, London. See Bree on Darwinism, Nature, Lond., 6:279 (F1756).
Brehm, Alfred Edmund, 1829-1884.
	German ornithologist and writer on popular natural history.
[1863-]1864- 1869	Illustriertes Thierleben, 6 vols, Hildburghausen.
1868	CD to the publishers about an English translation, not recommending it; one never appeared. CD used fourteen illustrations from it in Descent—Carroll 351.
Brent, Mr
1855 or 1856	A member of the Columbarian Society q.v.

[page] 40

Breslau, University of
1862	CD Honorary Doctor in Medicine and Surgery.
Bressa Prize
1879	Awarded to CD by Reale Accademia della Scienze. Turin. 12,000 francs. CD gave £100 from it to the Zoologische Station at Naples.
Bridge, Sir [John] Frederick, 1844-1924.
	Organist and composer.
1875-1918.	Organist at Westminster Abbey.
1882	B composed and played anthem for CD's funeral, "Happy is the man that findeth wisdom, and the man that getteth understanding..."—Proverbs iii 13-17.
1897	Kt.
Bridges, Esteban Lucas, christened Stephen, 1874-1949.
	Farmer in Tierra del Fuego. Second son of Thomas B. Born at Ushuaia and spent most of his life at Harberton.
1948	Uttermost part of the earth, New York, contains later information on the three Fuegians who returned home on 2nd voyage of Beagle. Chapter 1 is about Beagle voyages; also detailed information on Indian tribes, especially Yahgan.
Bridges, Thomas, 1841-1898.
	Missionary and later farmer in Tierra del Fuego. See E. L. Bridges above, and Freeman and Gautrey, J. Soc. Biblphy Nat. Hist., 7:259-263, 1975.
1856	B arrived at Keppel Island Mission Station, West Falkland Islands.
1860	CD sent some preliminary queries about expression to—information from Admiral Sulivan about—LLiii 127.
1871	Oct. set up home at Stirling House, Ushuaia.
1887	Built farm at Harberton.
Briggs, Mark
	Coachman to Robert Waring Darwin [II] and later to Susan Elizabeth D until her death 1866.
1832	Married Anne Latham, a laundrymaid at The Mount.
1875	Alive.
Brighton, Sussex.
1853	Jul. CD visited on day trip from Eastbourne.
Brinton, William, 1823-1867.
	Physician. Specialist on the stomach at St Thomas's Hospital, London.
1863	Oct. and Dec. CD saw, on the recommendation of George Busk, during his six months illness.
1864	FRS.
Brisbane, Matthew, 1787/8-1833.
	First British Resident at Falkland Islands. Scottish. Was in employ of Louis Vernet who held Falkland Is from Spanish Government in Argentine.
1833	Aug. 26 murdered in an uprising of imported South American labour at Port Louis.
1834	CD, from Port Louis, to C. Lumb, "Such scenes of fierce revenge, cold-blooded treachery, and villany in every form, have been here transacted as few can equal it"—J. H. Winslow, J. Hist. Geogr., 1:347-360, 1975.
Bristowe, Mrs, ?-1829.
	Sister of W. Darwin Fox.
1827	CD to F mentions F's two charming sisters—Carroll 2.
1829	CD to F condoling on her early death—LLi 177.
British Association for the Advancement of Science
1831	Founded and first met at York.
	CD went to meetings at:
1839	Birmingham.
?1843	Carroll 32 seems to indicate that he was at Cork in 1843, but there is no other evidence that CD was ever in Ireland except for a brief visit to Belfast and Dublin 1838.
1846	Southampton.
1847	Oxford.
1849	Birmingham (at which he was a Vice-President).
1855	Glasgow (his last).

[page] 41

British Association for the Advancement of Science, continued.
1860	Oxford; details of the Huxley/Wilberforce controversy at this meeting in LLii 320-323, MLi 156. There are many other versions of what was said, none of them verbatim. An excellent one in Life of Newton, 118-121.
1860	"When Professors lose their tempers and solemnly avow they would rather be descended from apes than Bishops; and when pretentious sciolists seriously enunciate follies and platitudes of the most wonderful absurdity and draw upon their heads crushing refutations from the truly learned"—Guardian, Jul. 4:593.
1892	Short life of CD, 236-242 gives an extended version.
1900	Tuckwell, Reminiscences of Oxford, 50.
1923	Huxley "There was inextinguishable laughter among the people, and they listened to the rest of my argument with great attention"—Nature, Lond., 920.
1958	"The Bishop...had turned to Huxley and mockingly asked him whether he reckoned his descent from an ape on his grandfather's or on his grandmother's side?—to which Huxley retorted 'If the question is put to me, would I rather have a miserable ape for a grandfather or a man highly endowed by nature and possessing great means and influence, and yet who employs those faculties and that influence for the mere purpose of introducing ridicule into a grave scientific discussion—I unhesitatingly affirm my preference for the ape'"—Ellegård, Darwin and the general reader, 68.
1891	Huxley to Francis D "When he turned to me with his insolent question, I said to Sir Benjamin [Brodie] in an undertone, 'The Lord hath delivered him into my hands'"—Short life, 240.
after 1860	Many Presidential Addresses and addresses by Presidents of Section D, after 1860, give an excellent summary of the progress of evolutionary thought.
British Museum, Trustees
1848	Enquiry by the Trustees of the British Museum, (F345), contains letter from CD to R. I. Murchison—MLi 109.
British Museum (Natural History)
1866	Memorial to the Chancellor of the Exchequer [on transfer of natural history collections from British Museum, Bloomsbury, to South Kensington], signed by CD and 24 others (F869), 1873 [Letter from P. L. Sclater containing text of 1866 Memorial], Nature, Lond., 9:41 (F870). 1875 British Museum (Natural History) established in Cromwell Rd, South Kensington.

[page] 42

Broderip, William John, 1789-1859.
	Barrister and conchologist. DNB.
1828	FRS.
1839	B assisted Philip Parker King in description of molluscs and cirripedes from 1st voyage of Beagle, printed in Zool. J., 1839 and Vol. I of Narrative, 545-556, 1839.
Brodie, ?-1873.
1842-1851	Scottish nurse at Down House. Came from previous service with the Thackerays and Anne Thackeray (Mrs Richmond Ritchie).
after 1851	Left after death of Anne Elizabeth D in 1851 and returned to family home at Portsoy, Scotland. Continued to visit. ED wrote to her often, but she had a monomania that she was forgotten—EDii 214.
Brodie, Sir Benjamin Collins, Bart, 1783-1862.
	Physician. DNB.
1810	FRS.
1853	ED consulted.
1860	Apr. CD went to reception at his house.
1860	Jun. B sat next to Huxley during Wilberforce's speech at Oxford British Association.
Bronn, Heinrich Georg, 1800-1862.
	German palaeontologist and zoologist. Prof. Natural History Heidelberg.
1860	B translated Origin, adding his own notes at CD's suggestion and slightly altering the text. CD was not pleased with the result—MLi 139, 172.
Brooke, Rajah Sir Charles Anthony Johnson (né Johnson), 1829-1917.
	Second British Rajah of Sarawak.
1868	B succeeded his uncle, Sir James B (1803-1868).
1870	Nov. 30 B answered CD's Queries about expression from Sarawak.
1888	GCMG.
Brooks
	An outdoor servant at Down House. Foulmouthed and morose. Lived in a cottage close to cowhouse. Wife Keziah, son private in Guards—Francis D Springtime p. 57.
Broom, Common, see Cytisus scoparius.
Brown
	There is also a Mr Brown in Red Notebook p. 71, who Herbart suggests might have been Admiral William Brown 1777-1857 of Buenos Aires; an Irishman that CD met at Parrish's house 1837.
Brown, Jane, 1746-1835.
	Daughter of Joseph Brown of Swineshead, Lincolnshire. CD's great aunt in law.
1772	Married William Alvey D [I].
Brown, Robert, 1773-1858.
	Botanist. First Keeper of Botany at British Museum. Von Humboldt called him "Facile Princeps botanicorum". Dilatory in describing plants of first voyage of Beagle—MLi 39. Biography D. Mabberley 1984. DNB.
1811	FRS.
1858	CD to Hooker, "I am glad to hear that old Brown is dying so easily"—MLi 109. CD "I saw a good deal of"—Barlow, Autobiography 103.
1858	The Darwin/Wallace paper was read at Linnean Society meeting at which B's death was announced, the fact perhaps overshadowing the importance of the paper.
Brown, Admiral William, 1777-1857,
	Of Buenos Aires. An Irishman. Herbert suggests B might have been a "Mr Brown" in Red Notebook p. 71.
1837	CD met at Parrish's house.
Browne, Sir George Buckston, 1850-1945.
	Surgeon. Kt. Brief amusing life of B in Atkins, Down, ch. 13, 1974. Portrait by Sir Robin Darwin at Down House.
1926	FRCS.
1927	Bought Down House for British Association.

[page] 43

Browne, Sir James Crichton, 1840-1938.
	Physician. Director of West Riding Pauper Lunatic Asylum, Wakefield. Gave CD information for Expression. Sent CD Annual Reports of the Asylum, the run now being at Cambridge—Carroll 451.
1870	FRSE.
1875-1922	Visitor in Lunacy.
1883	FRS.
1886	Kt.
Browne, William Alexander Francis, 1805-1873.
	Physician of Stirling. Naturalist friend of CD at Edinburgh.
1857	First Commissioner in Lunacy for Scotland.
Brullé, Gaspard Auguste, 1809-1873.
	Zoologist.
1840-	Prof. Zoology and Comparative Anatomy Dijon.
1864	H. Falconer to CD "He told me in despair that he could not get his pupils to listen to anything from him except à la Darwin"—MLi 257.
Brummidge, Mrs
circa 1890	Cook at Down House—Atkins, Down.
Brunton, Sir Thomas Lauder, Bart, 1844-1916.
	Physician. Consultant at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London. B helped CD with experiments for Insectivorous plants.
1874	FRS.
1881	Nov. 19 CD to B about prosecution of Dr D. Ferrier under the Vivisection act. CD wanted to be an early subscriber if a subscription was got up to pay F's costs. CD had met F at B's house, 50 Welbeck St.—MLii 437.
1908	1st Bart.
Bryanston Square, London.
	No. 4. R. B. Lichfield's house. Sir Thomas Farrer also lived in the square.
"Bucket Ropes for Wells"
1852	"Bucket ropes for wells", Gardeners' Chronicle, No.2:22 (Bi 252, F1680).
Buckland, Francis Trevelyan, 1826-1880.
	Physician and naturalist. Son of William B. Known as Frank. DNB.
1867	Government Inspector of Fisheries.
Buckland, Rev. William, 1784-1856.
	Geologist. Father of Francis Trevelyan B. "Though very good-humoured and good-natured seemed to me a vulgar and almost a coarse man"—Barlow, Autobiography 102. DNB.
1812	Prof. Mineralogy Oxford.
1818	FRS.
1845-1856	Dean of Westminster.
Buckle, Henry Thomas, 1821-1862.
	Self-educated historian. DNB.
circa 1842	CD met at Hensleigh Wedgwood's and discussed organization of facts.
1858	CD to Hooker "I was not much struck with the great Buckle". CD was reading B's History of civilization at the time—LLii 110. "I doubt whether his generalisations are worth anything"—Barlow, Autobiography 109-110.

[page] 44

Buckley, Arabella Burton, 1840-1929.
	Natural historian and author. Secretary to Lyell.
1871	Mar. visited Down House with the Lyell's—LLiii 137.
1871	A short history of natural science, London.
1876	Feb. 11 CD to B saying that he had enjoyed B's Short History of natural science—LLiii 229.
1882	B was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
1884	Mrs Fisher.
Buckman, James, 1816-1884.
	Agriculturist and geologist.
1848-1863	Professor of Botany and Geology Royal Agricultural College Cirencester.
1857	CD to B on varieties of domestic pigeon.
1859	CD sent 1st edition of Origin to B—unpublished letter.
Buenos Aires, Capital of Argentine.
1832-1833	1832 Jul. 26-1833 Dec. 6 Beagle used mouth of La Plata river as a base for surveying trips. CD used Buenos Aires, Monte Video and Maldonado as bases for inland expeditions.
Bulgarian
	First editions in:
1927	Descent of man (F1047).
1946	Origin of species (F632).
1959	Autobiography (F1511).
1967	Journal of researches (F170).
Bull, Mr.
	A pigeon fancier in the Borough, London.
1859	B had crossed pouters with runts to gain size—LLii 281.
Bulwer, Sir Edward George Earle Lytton, Bart, Baron Lytton. 1803-1873.
	Novelist and parliamentarian. A remote cousin of CD through Erasmus Earle. In "one of his novels a Professor Long, who had written two huge volumes on limpets" was CD—Autobiography, 81. The novel was What will he do with it?, 4 vols, 1858, under pseudonym "Pisistratus Caxton". "Lecture on conchology to the Gatesboro' Athenaeum", for which he was paid £5.5.0—Vol. 1:284-296. The work was "Researches into the natural history of limpets, 2 vols, Post octavo". DNB.
1838	1st Bart.
1843	Added "Lytton" to his surname.
1866	1st Baron Lytton.
Bulwer, William Earle Gascoyne Lytton, 1829-1910.
	Brigadier-General, late Scots Guards, of Heydon Hall, Norfolk. A remote cousin of CD through Erasmus Earle. Nephew of Lord Lytton.
1890	Oct. William Erasmus D and George Howard D went on a visit to "a beautiful place in Norfolk, to see the picture of Erasmus Earle, an ancestor".
Bunbury, Sir Charles James Fox, Bart, 1809-1886.
	Palaeobotanist. Of Mildenhall, Suffolk. Brother-in-law of Lyell. Encouraged CD in persevering on species problem. Biography: [1894] by wife.
1844	Married Frances Joanna Horner.
1851	FRS.
1860	8th Bart.

[page] 45

Bunbury, Frances Joanna, see Horner.
Bunsen, Baroness, see Frances Waddington.
Bunnett, Templeton
1867	An Australian who in 1867 answered Queries about expression.
Burchell, William, John, 1781-1863.
	Explorer and naturalist. Travelled in South America and later in South Africa. CD knew in London after return of Beagle—Red Notebook p. 117.
Burke, Sir Henry Farnham, 1859-1924.
	Genealogist.
1887-1911	Somerset Herald.
1888	Pedigree of the family of Darwin, privately printed, sixty copies. The most reliable pedigree, also contains illustrations of the arms of Darwin.
Burnham Beeches
	Fine woodland on Dunstable Downs.
1847	Jun. CD visited on a day trip from British Association meeting at Oxford.
Busby, James, 1801-1871.
	First British Resident in New Zealand.
1835	Dec. CD met—S. Afr. Christian Recorder, 2:235, 1836, J. Researches, 1845, 421 (spelt "Bushby").
Busk, George, 1807-1886.
	Surgeon and man of science.
1850	FRS.
	CD to Huxley, "I have heard that Busk is on our side in regard to species"—MLi 130.
1863	B recommended Dr William Brinton to CD.
1871	CD to B, thanking him for pointing out an error about the supra-condyloid foramen in 1st issue of Descent—Carroll 387.
Butler, Miss Mary
1859	Sep. CD invites to stay with him at Ilkley in Oct. since he might not be able to take his family; "but if you were there I should feel safe and home-like". In the end he took his family. She and CD had met at Moor Park—Brent p. 419.
Butler, Rev. Samuel [I], 1774-1839.
	Schoolmaster and priest. Father of Thomas B, grandfather of Samuel B [II].
1798-1836	Headmaster of Shrewsbury School, including the time when CD was there.
1836-	Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry.
Butler, Samuel [II], 1835-1902.
	Author and controversialist. Son of Thomas B, grandson of Samuel B [I]. Biography: Festing Jones 1919. DNB.
1859	CD sent 1st edition Origin to.
1880	B had a one-sided quarrel with CD over Krause's biography of Erasmus D in its English version. For B's printed contributions see Athenaeum, Jan. 31, St James's Gaz., Dec. 8. Also Festing Jones 1911 Charles Darwin and Samuel Butler.
1880	Dec. 14 Romanes to CD, "[Butler] is a lunatic beneath all contempt—an object of pity were it not for his vein of malice"—Life of Romanes, 104.
1881	Jan. CD to Romanes on R's review of Unconscious memory, Nature, Lond., 23:285-287. B "will smart under your stricture", R is right to attribute B's conduct to "the disappointment of his inordinate vanity"; CD thanks R for saving him from, B's "malignant revenge"—Carroll 581.
1881	Feb. CD to T. R. R. Stebbing thanking S for his letter to Nature, Lond., 23:336 on the controversy.
1881	Apr. CD to Romanes, "I am extremely glad that you seem to have silenced Butler and his reviewers. But Mr. Butler will turn up again, if I know the man"—Carroll 588.
1881	Krause wrote a strictly accurate letter on the subject, Nature, Lond., 23:288.
	Barlow, Autobiography gives references and reprints Jones's pamphlet in full. B's copy of Erasmus Darwin, with his mss notes, is in the British Library, B's books on evolution, a subject on which his knowledge was entirely theoretical, were 1879 Evolution old and new, 1880 Unconscious memory, 1887 Luck or cunning. Erewhon 1872 developed from "Darwin among the machines", The Press, Christchurch, NZ, 1863 Jun. 13; this was signed "Cellarius", a pseudonym. 1862 "Darwin on the origin of species", The Press Dec. 20. Festing Jones, Charles Darwin and Samuel Butler 1911.

[page] 46

Butler, Rev. Thomas, 1806-1886.
	Son of Samuel B [I], father of Samuel B [II]. At St John's College, Cambridge, when CD was up.
1828	B was at Barmouth with a reading party in autumn with CD, under G. A. Butterton. B and CD collected beetles together.
1834-1876	Rector of Langar with Bamston, Notts.
1839	B and CD travelled together in a stage coach from Birmingham to Shrewsbury, at end of British Association meeting—Jones, Life of Samuel Butler, i:13; J says that this is the last time that they met.
1868	Canon of Lincoln.
1872	CD to J. M. Herbert, B has become "a very unpleasant old man"—Carroll 425.
"Butterflies"
1880	"The sexual colours of certain butterflies", Nature, Lond., 21:237 (Bii 220, F1787).
Butterton, George Ash, 1805-1891.
	CD's tutor for classics and mathematics. CD "A very dull man".
1828	B took a reading party to Barmouth in autumn.
1828-1837	Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge.
1839-1845	Headmaster Uppingham.
1843	DD.
1847-1859	Giggleswick.
Button
circa 1877	A stray minute female black and tan collie at Bassett, later thought to be a "special breed of dog from Thibet"—EDii 287, Hedley Atkins, Down, p. 80.
Button, James, "Jemmy", ?1816-1863.
	Boy from Yahgan Tribe, canoe people from southwest islands, Tierra del Fuego, different tribe from two of the others. Fitz-Roy, Narrative, gives his name in Tekeenica (i.e. Yahgan) as Orundellico. Fitz-Roy says that he was bought for one mother-of-pearl button. E. L. Bridges calls him "Jimmy". Bridges says that the story about the button could not be true. Father of Threeboys Button. Jemmy Button: novela, a novel by Benjamin Subercasaux, (Santiago de Chile), Ediciones Ercilla, 907 pp, 1950; USA translation by Mary and Fred de Villar, NY, Macmillan 1953; abridged version 382 pp, NY 1954; further abridged by Oliver Coburn, 299 pp, London, W. H. Allen 1955. Jim og hans folk, Danish children's book by Soren Koustrup, Copenhagen 1978; Finnish translation Tuliman Jim, Vaasa, Kirjayhtyma 1979.
1830	Apr. captured, ‘tied in a bag'—FR Diary.
1830	Aged about 14, taken to England by Fitz-Roy.
1833	Jan. 23 returned.
1858	Taken from home a second time to Falkland Is mission station.
1863	He was alive in 1863 and remained a bad lot; not mentioned later.
1866	A son visited England.
Button, Threeboys
	Son of Jemmy B.
1865	Visited England with three other fuegian youths. Died six months after return. Buried Port Stanley.
Byerley, Thomas, ?-1810.
	Josiah Wedgwood [I]'s partner at Etruria Works and his cousin. Son of Josiah's father's sister Margaret.

[page] 47

Bynoe, Benjamin, 1803-1865.
	Assistant Surgeon on 1st and 2nd voyages of Beagle. 18 years on Beagle and official naturalist on 3rd voyage; gave first account of marsupial birth. CD probably met in London after return of Beagle—Red Notebook p. 68.
1803	Born Barbados.
1832	From Apr. Acting Surgeon
1836	Surgeon. Later M.O. in charge of convicts.
1839	CD "Thanks...for his very kind attention to me when I was ill at Valparaiso"—J. Researches, 1845, vii.
1844	FRCS.

[page 48]

C

"Caddis-Flies"
1879	"Fritz Müller on a frog having eggs on its back—on the abortion of hairs on the legs of certain caddis-flies, etc.", Nature, Lond., 19:462-463 (Bii 216, F1784); introducing a letter from M, ibid, 463-464.
Caerdeon, North Wales.
	Two miles east of Barmouth, on northern side of Barmouth estuary.
1869	Jun. 10-Jul. 29 CD had family holiday there.
Caernarvon, North Wales.
1842	Jun. CD visited.
Caird, Sir James, 1816-1892.
	Agriculturalist. DNB.
1859-1865	MP for Stirling.
1875	FRS.
1878	C subscribed, with CD and Farrer to keep Torbitt's experiments on potato disease going—LLiii 350.
1882	KCB.
Caldcleugh, Alexander, ?-1858.
	Private Secretary to British Ambassador to Chile, later merchant.
1825	Travels in South America, London.
1831	FRS.
1834	CD stayed with at Santiago.
1835	CD to sister Susan D "the author of some bad travels in South America...took an infinite degree of trouble for me"—Barlow, Charles Darwin and the voyage of the Beagle, 118.
Caldwell, Mrs Anne Marsh, 1791-1874.
	Novelist. A friend of the Wedgwoods from childhood. Sister of Emma Holland. Family came from Linley Wood near Maer.
1817	Married Arthur Cuthbert Marsh, ?-1849;
1858	Added Caldwell to surname.
1866	CD to C about her blind friend Mr Corbet—Carroll 323.
California Academy of Sciences
1872	CD Honorary Member.
California State Geological Society
1877	CD Corresponding Member.
Callao, Peru.
	Seaport of Lima.
1835	Jul. 20-Sep. 7 Beagle at. Jul. 20 CD landed.
Cambridge
	Cambridge life for the Ds is brilliantly depicted in Gwen Raverat's Period Piece, 1952.
	Apart from his residence as an undergraduate, for which see Cambridge University, CD was in Cambridge on the following occasions:
1831	Sep. 2-4, 19, staying with Henslow when preparing for Beagle voyage.
1836-1837	1836 Dec. 13-1837 Mar. 6, staying with Henslow and in Fitzwilliam St, sorting Beagle material. He had two short trips to London during this period.
1838	May 10-12 to visit Henslow.
1870	May 20-24, to visit his sons, Francis, George and Horace, stayed at Bull Hotel.
1877	Nov. 16-18 CD visited with ED for award of Honorary LL.D.
1880	Aug. 14-18 CD and ED stayed with Horace D in St Botolph's Lane.
1881	Oct. 20-27 CD and ED stayed with Horace D.
1883	After CD's death, ED moved to The Grove, Huntingdon Road, for the winters.

[page] 49

Cambridge Instrument Company, 1885-.
	Chairman Sir Horace Darwin, partner A. G. Dew Smith, Botolph Lane. First known as "The Shop". Made wormstone for Down House. Taken over by Pye.
Cambridge Philosophical Society
	Henslow and Sedgwick were the leading instigators. CD was never a member.
1819	Founded.
1835, 1960	Issued for private circulation CD's Letters on geology, reprinted by them 1960.
1879	The members commissioned portrait of CD by W. B. Richmond, which still hangs in their rooms.
Cambridge Ray Club
	See Babington, The Cambridge Ray Club, 1887, published on its fiftieth anniversary.
1837	Founded in 1837 when Henslow stopped his Friday evenings open house.
Cambridge University
1827	Oct. 15 CD entered at Christ's College, but did not come into residence until Lent term 1828.
1831	Jan. CD took degree examinations and kept two terms, leaving mid June. 10th in list of candidates who did not seek honours.
1831	Apr. 26 CD admitted BA—Cambridge Chronicle Apr. 29. He was "Baccalaureus ad Baptistam" and therefore included in 1832 list—LLi 163.
1831	Jun. left.
1837	MA.
1877	Nov. 17 Hon.LL.D. Public Orator, J. E. Sandys, ended "Tu vero, qui leges naturae tam docte illustraveris, legum Doctor nobis esto"—LLiii 222.
1877	Nov. 17 ED to William Erasmus D gives description of the scene with a monkey and a missing link lowered from the gallery by undergraduates—EDii 230.
Cambridge, Rev. Octavius Pickard, 1835-1917.
	Arachnologist.
1868-1917	Rector of Bloxworth, Dorset.
1874	CD to C on natural selection and on spiders—Carroll 437 (but not identified).
Cameron, Charles Hay, 1795-1880.
	Married Julia Margaret Pattle.
Cameron, Rev. Jonathan Henry Lovett, 1807-1888.
	Shrewsbury School and Trinity College. Cambridge friend of CD. Member of Gourmet Club.
1830	C was gulfed [to be in the gulf is said of an honours candidate who fails, but is allowed an ordinary degree].
1831	B.A.
1860-1888	Rector of Shoreham, Kent (?Kent or W. Sussex).
Cameron, Julia Margaret, see Julia Margaret Pattle.

[page] 50

Campana, Chile.
	A peak 6,400 ft. high. Marshall p. 30 says that CD's name is carved "alongside Humboldt's of many years before"However Humboldt never visited Chile.
1834	Aug. 16-17 CD climbed to summit, which now bears a plaque—J. Researches, 1845, 255-257.
Campbell, George John Douglas, Duke of Argyll, 1823-1900.
	Statesman and geologist. DNB.
1847	8th Duke.
1851	FRS.
1862	C reviewed Orchids in Edinb. Rev.—LLiii 274.
1864	C addressed Royal Society of Edinburgh anti-Origin.
1867	CD to Huxley about Reign of law, "or Dukelet's? how can you speak so of a living real Duke?"—MLi 277.
1867	CD to Kingsley about Reign of law, "Very well written, very interesting, honest and clever and very arrogant".
1881	C "I wish Mr. Darwin's disciples would imitate a little of the dignified reticence of their master. He walks with a patient and a stately step along the paths of conscientious observation"—MLi 396.
1881	Feb. CD called at Argyll House, London.
1882	C was Pallbearer at CD's funeral.
	Main works relating to evolution:
1867	The reign of law, London.
1884	The unity of nature, London.
Camphill
	House on Maer Heath, Staffordshire.
1827-1847	Home of Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood [I]. House was built for her. She moved in 1827.
1847	Sold with rest of Maer estate after Bessy's death 1846. She moved to Petley's, Downe.
Canary Islands
1831	CD planned a trip there with Kirby and Ramsay, perhaps also Dawes, before Beagle invitation came. See also Tenerife.
Canby, Dr William Marriott, 1831-1904.
	Botanist of Wilmington, Delaware, USA. C provided information on Dionaea for Insectivorous plants.
1873	Feb. 19 CD to C describing Dionaea as "the most wonderful plant in the world"—F. M. Jones 1923 Nat. Hist. 23:598, with facsimile of part of letter.
Candolle, Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyramus de, 1806-1893.
	Botanist.
1840	C dined at 12 Upper Gower St to meet the Sismondis—LLii 216.
1841-1850	Prof. Natural History Geneva, succeeding his father.
1855	C's Géographie botanique raissonée, Paris, was very important to CD in his study of cultivated plants. Letters to and from CD, Gesnerus, 12:109-156, 1955.
1859	CD sent 1st edition of Origin to.
1873	Histoire des sciences et des savants depuis deux siècles, Geneva.
1880	C used the same portfolio method of reference as CD, independently evolved—LLiii 333.
1880	Autumn, C visited Down House.
1882	Darwin considéré au point de vue des causes de son succès, Geneva.

[page] 51

Canestrini, Giovanni, 1835-1900.
	Acarologist. C translated nine of CD's works into Italian.
1862-1869	Prof. Zool. Modena.
1869-1900	Padua.
1877	La teoria dell'evoluzione, Turin.
Canning
	Fishmonger at Downe. C went to Billingsgate three times a week. His mother was unqualified midwife at Downe—Atkins, Down 104.
Cape Verde Islands
	These islands, known as Ilhas do Cabo Verde in Portuguese, derive their name from Cape Verde on the mainland of Africa about 300 miles away. It is one of the few differences between 6th edition Origin 1872, 11th thousand, and the altered 6th edition 1876, 18th thousand, that the name is changed from Cape de Verde to Cape Verde.
1832	Jan. 17-Feb. 8 Beagle at Porto Praya, Santo Jago. CD landed.
1836	Aug. 31-Sep. 5 Beagle again at. CD landed.
Capel Curig, Caernarvonshire.
1831	Aug. CD visited with Sedgwick for geology.
1842	Jun. CD visited.
Cape Town, Cape Colony, South Africa.
1836	Jun. 1-7 Beagle at.
	Jun. 4-7 CD landed and made short excursion inland. CD met Sir John Herschel there.
1836	CD's first published work, with Fitz-Roy, "A letter containing remarks on the moral state of Tahiti, New Zealand &c.", S. Afr. Christian Recorder, 2:221-238, 1836 Sep. was published there.
Cardwell, Edward, Viscount, 1813-1886.
	Statesman.
1873	FRS.
1874	1st Viscount
1875	C was Chairman of Vivisection Commission, to which CD gave evidence.
Caricatures, see CD Iconography.
Carlisle, Cumberland.
1855	Sep. 19 CD visited on return from British Association meeting at Glasgow.
Carlisle, Bishop of, see Harvey Goodwin.
Carlisle, Sir Anthony, 1768-1840.
	Surgeon. DNB.
1804	FRS.
1821	Kt.
1847	May, CD "Old Sir Anthony Carlisle once said to me gravely that he supposed Megatherium and such cattle were just sent down from heaven to see whether the earth would support them"—MLii 219.
Carlyle, Jane Baillie, see Welsh.

[page] 52

Carlyle, Thomas, 1795-1881.
	Essayist and historian. CD met several times at Erasmus Alvey D's and at C's in London. DNB.
1836	Married Jane Baillie Welsh d.s.p.
Carmichael, Dugald, 1772-1827.
	Army surgeon. Retired to Ardtur near Oban. Frequently referred to by CD as an authority on points of natural science. This is from a ms slip of unknown origin.
1787	?Qualified Edinburgh No. 4711.
Carpenter, William Benjamin, 1813-1885.
	Physician and naturalist. Prof. Physiology London.
1844	FRS.
1856-1879	Registrar London University.
1859	CD sent 1st edition of Origin.
1860	Jan. C reviewed Origin in Nat. Rev., Apr. in Med. Chirurg. Rev.
1861 or later	Visited Down House.
Carr, Anne Jane, see Wedgwood.
Carr, Colonel Ralph Edward, 1833-1892.
	Of Hedley, Northumberland.
1870	Married Ann Jane Wedgwood.
1872	Lost first child.
Carroll, P. Thomas
1976	Editor of An annotated calendar of the letters of Charles Darwin in the Library of the American Philosophical Society, Wilmington, Delaware. A most important source book of CD reference.
Carruthers, William, 1830-1922.
	Botanist. Keeper of Botany, British Museum (Natural History).
1871	FRS.
1871-1910	Consulting botanist to Agricultural Society.
1878	CD to Torbitt in search of funds for potato blight work. C was against providing further money—MLi 373.
Carter, Alice, 1885.
	A partially blind Downe cottager whom ED helped. She looked after old Mrs Osborn.
Carter, Elinor Mary Bonham, ?-1923.
1872	Married A. V. Dicey; sister of Henry B. C.
Cartmell, James, 1810-1881.
1849-1881	Master of Christ's College Cambridge.
1855-1881	Chaplain to Queen Victoria.
1909	William Erasmus D's speech at Cambridge celebrations "He [CD] spoke to me with pride and pleasure of walking, dressed in his scarlet gown, arm in arm with Dr. Cartmell"—EDii 171.
Carus, Julius Victor, 1823-1903.
	German zoologist.
1853-	Professor in Leipzig.
1860	Jun. was at British Association meeting at Oxford.
1866	C translated 3rd German Origin, which was published in 1867, from 4th English. "The connection was cemented by warm feelings of regard on both sides"—LLiii 48. Later translated twelve other of CD's works.
1876	Mar. 21 CD to C "I can assure you that the idea of anyone translating my books better than you never even momentarily crossed my mind"—MLi 146.
Carver, Miss Alice
	Schoolmistress. Co-founder of Downe House School with Miss O. M. Willis.
Cary, William, 1759-1825.
	Instrument maker of London.
Cary, William
	Son of William C.
1831	CD to Henslow about C making instruments for Beagle—Barlow, Darwin and Henslow 25, 41.
Case, Rev. George Augustus
	Unitarian minister at Shrewsbury with a chapel in High St.
1798-1831	Was pastor at Shrewsbury.
1817	CD went for a year, with sister Emily Catherine, to an infant school run by C.—Barlow, Autobiography 22. C's school was at The Old Parsonage, Claremont Hill. CD was there "up to the age of nine".
1959	Nov. 22 a special service was held when Alister Hardy, himself a Unitarian, gave an address—Arnold Broadbent 1962 The story of unitarianism in Shrewsbury, 11 pp, Shrewsbury, Livesey printed; copy in Dr William's Library.

[page] 53

"Casks"
1879	[letter] "Rats and water casks", Nature, Lond., 19:481, supporting one from Arthur Nicols, ibid., 433 (Bii 218, F1785).
Catasetum tridentatum
1861	C. tridentatum, Monacanthus viridis and Myanthus barbatus are male, female and hermaphrodite flowers of the same species of orchid—MLii 280.
1862	"On the three remarkable sexual forms of Catasetum tridentatum, an orchid in the possession of the Linnean Society", J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.), 6:151-157 (Bii 63, F1718).
1863	French translation in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 19:204-295, with CD's papers on Primula and Linum.
Caton, John Dean, 1812-1895.
	Chief Justice of Illinois and naturalist.
1868	CD thanks C for a paper on American deer—LLiii 102.
1871	CD to C, George Howard and Francis D are touring USA, please aid them and show "famous Deer-Park"—Carroll 402.
1877	Author of The antelope and deer of America, New York.
Cattell, J.
	Nurseryman of Westerham, Kent.
1860	CD to Maxwell Masters, the nurseryman CD generally dealt with—MLii 257.
Cavendish, Sir William, Duke of Devonshire, 1808-1891.
	DNB.
1845	Sep. or Oct. CD visited Chatsworth, the ducal seat, then of William C, 6th Duke.
1858	7th Duke.
1882	Pallbearer at CD's funeral, as Chancellor of Cambridge University.
Caverswell Castle
1878	Leased home of Godfrey and Hope Wedgwood.
1887 or 1888	Moved to Idlerocks to be nearer the factory.
Cecil, Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne, Marquis of Salisbury, 1830-1903.
	Son of Lady Mary. Statesman. EB DNB.
1857	Married Georgina Alderson [II].
1868	3rd Marquis.
Cecil, Lord Sackville Arthur, 1865-1898.
	Fifth son of 3rd Marquis of Salisbury. Cambridge friend of CD's sons and neighbour in Kent.
1882	C was on "Family Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Cerro Perico Flaco, Argentine.
	A hill near river Beguelo, a tributary of Rio Negro.
1833	Nov. 22-26 CD visited from estancia of Mr Keen and found skull of "Megatherium" [actually Toxodon]. The hill now bears an obelisk commemorating CD's visit and a nearby village is called Darwin—J. H. Winslow, J. Hist. Geogr., 1:347-360, 1975.
Chaffers, Edward Main
	Master and acted as Purser of Beagle during illness and after death of Rowlett. Master of Beagle on 2nd voyage. Later Captain of N.Z. Association Ship Tori. Harbour Master Port Nicholson.
Chagas Disease
	A trypanosomiasis of South America, spread to man by the house bugs Triatoma infestans and Conorhinus magistus. Chagas disease, 1984 New Scientist Oct. 29 pp. 321-4; Ralph Bernstein 1984 J. R. Soc. Med. 77:608-9.
1909	The infective agent, Trypanosoma cruzi, was first described by Carlos Chagas, "Nova tripanozomiaze humana, Ueber eine neue Trypanosomiasis des Menschen", Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 1:159-218.
1835	Often suggested that CD had the disease from being bitten by T. infestans, the benchuca bug, at Luxan, Mendoza Province, Argentine, 1835 Mar. 26. Others say that his symptoms were not those typical of the disease. See CD Health.

[page] 54

Chambers, Robert, 1802-1871.
	Edinburgh publisher.
1844, 1845	Anonymous author of Vestiges of the natural history of creation, 1844, and of Explanations; a sequel, 1845.
1844	CD to Hooker, "have been somewhat less amused at it than you appear to have been"—LLi 333.
1845	CD to Hooker, on Explanations and Kerguelen cabbage—MLi 48.
1847	CD to C on Glen Roy—MLii 177.
1847	CD to Hooker, "Somehow I feel perfectly convinced he is the author"—LLi 356.
1848	CD to Lyell, "if he be, as I believe, the Author of Vestiges this book [Ancient sea margins] for poverty of intellect is a literary curiosity"—Carroll 73.
circa 1850	CD to Hooker, CD calls him "Mr. Vestiges"—LLii 29.
1860	C was at Oxford British Association meeting.
1861	CD called at "his very nice house in St. John's Wood. He is really a capital fellow"—MLi 186.
1884	Public acknowledgement was not made until 12th edition 1884, after C's death.
Chapman
	Cambridge friend of CD—LLi 181. Not traced.
Chapman, Dr John, 1822-1894.
	Physician and publisher.
1865	Spring and summer, CD tried his ice-cure.
Charles Darwin and the voyage of the Beagle
1945	Emma Nora Darwin (F1571).
Charlesworth, Edward, 1813-1893.
	Geologist.
1838	CD to Lyell, "Charlesworth is to be pitied for many reasons"—Carroll 11.
1842	CD to Lyell, discussing a controversy between C and Buckland, Lyell and Owen on the Crag, "it is not the wise who rule the universe, but the active rule the inactive and verily Charlesworth is...active"—Carroll 28.
Chator, William, 1802-1885.
	Nurseryman of Saffron Walden, Essex.
1855	CD to Henslow [as Mrs Chator], on breeding of hollyhocks in which C specialized—Darwin-Henslow 189.
Chatsworth, Derbyshire.
	Seat of the Dukes of Devonshire.
1845	Sep. or Oct. CD visited.
Cheesman, Thomas Frederic, 1846-1923.
	Botanist. Curator Auckland Institute and Museum for 49 years. Described fertilization of orchids, especially Pterostylis to CD. See 2ed Orchids.
1876	CD sent inscribed copy to C "with the author's compliments and respect".
Chêne
	Near Vevey, Lac Léman, Switzerland. Home of J. C. L. Simonde de Sismondi.
"Cherry blossoms"
1876	"Cherry blossoms", Nature, Lond., 14:28 (Bii 189, F1772).

[page] 55

Chester, Mr Harry, 1806-1868.
	Clerk in Privy Council Office. Novelist. Son of Sir Robert C, 1768-1848, DL, Hertfordshire. A personal friend of Fitz-Roy who was invited to go on Beagle before CD, but could not.
Chester, Colonel Joseph Lemuel, 1821-1882.
	American genealogist. Worked on early history of the Darwin family. George Howard D's mss notes for C are in the Galton papers at University College London. DNB.
1858	C settled in London.
1879	Henrietta Emma D "My brothers had been having the pedigree of the Darwins made out by a certain Colonel Chester"—EDii 237.
Chester Place, Regent's Park, London.
1868	No. 4, Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood's [II] "little house".
Chester Terrace, Regent's Park, London.
	No. 42, Home of Hensleigh Wedgwood.
Chevening, Kent.
	Seat of 4th and 5th Earls Stanhope q.v.
1849	CD visited.
Chiloe Island, Chile.
1834-1835	1834 Nov. 10-1835 Feb. 4 Beagle surveying around. CD much ashore, including visits to Chonos Archipelago to south of C. "Everyone was glad to say farewell to Chiloe"—J. Researches 1845, 297.
Chinese
	First edition in:
1903	Origin of species (Chs 3 and 4 only) (F634).
1918	Whole work (F637).
"Chlorophyll"
1882	"The action of carbonate of ammonia on chlorophyll bodies", J. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot., 19:262-284 (Bii 256, F1801); abstract by Francis D, who helped in the work, Nature, Lond., 25:489-490.
Chobham, Surrey.
1853	Aug. CD visited military camp for Crimean war.
Chonos, Archipiélago de los, Chile.
1834-1835	1834 Dec. 18-1835 Jan. 15 Beagle surveying off; CD ashore.
Christ's College Cambridge
1827	Oct. 15 CD admitted, "Admissus est pensionarius minor sub Magistro Shaw", but did not go up until Lent term. Set in front court, G staircase, traditionally the same as those of William Paley. The set now has commemorative Wedgwood plaque.
Cirripedia, British Fossil
1850	"On British fossil Lepadidae", Quart J. Geol. Soc. (Proc.), 6:439-440, abstract only. CD withdrew the paper (F1679).
1851, 1854, 1858	A monograph of the fossil Lepadidae, or pedunculated cirripedes of Great Britain...A monograph of the fossil Balanidae and Verrucidae of Great Britain...[Index to Vol. II 1858], Palaeontographical Society Vols 5, 8 and 12 [index to Vol. II], London (F342), Facsimile 1966 (F343).

[page] 56

Cirripedia, British Living, see Albany Hancock.
Cirripedia, Living
1851, 1854	A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia...The Lepadidae; or, pedunculated cirripedes...The Balanidae (or sessile cirripedes), the Verrucidae, 2 vols, Ray Society's Publ. Nos 21 and 25, London (F339).
1854	CD asks Huxley's advice on complimentary copies; these were sent to Bosquet, Milne Edwards, Dana, L. Agassiz, Müller, Dunker; possibly also to Von Siebold, Lovén, d'Orbigny, Kölliker, Sars, Kröyer.
1863	"On the so-called auditory-sac in cirripedes", Nat. Hist. Rev., 3:115-116 (Bii 85, F1722).
1873	"On the males and complemental males of certain cirripedes, and on rudimentary structures", Nature, Lond., 8:431-432 (Bii 177, F1762).
1936	Foreign edition: extracts only Russian (F341).
1964	Facsimile (F340).
Claparède, Jean Louis René Antoine Édouard, 1830-1871.
	Swiss invertebrate zoologist. Early convert to evolution—MLi 259.
1861	Articles on evolution in Revue Germanique.
1862-	Professor Comparative Anatomy Geneva.
Clapham Grammar School
	All CD's sons went there except William Erasmus D. Ruck sons made friends with CD's sons there.
1834	Headmaster and founder Charles Pritchard; George and Francis educated by him.
1862	Headmaster Alfred Wrigley; Leonard and Horace educated by him.
1885	Closed.
Clapham, Marianne
	Aunt of Laura Forster, known as Mone; wrote autobiography, with darwinian reference.
Clark, Dr
1837	CD's physician in London, perhaps Sir James C 1788-1870.
Clark, Sir Andrew, Bart, 1826-1893.
	Fashionable London physician. DNB.
1873	C first attended CD.
1876	Attended William Erasmus D at Down House for concussion in a riding accident.
1881	C saw CD in London, "some derangement of the heart".
1882	Mar. 10 C saw CD at Down House.
1882	Apr. C on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
1883	1st Bart.
1885	FRS.
Clark, John Willis, 1833-1910.
	Zoologist, archaeologist and Cambridge historian. DNB.
1866-1891	Superintendent Zoology Museum Cambridge.
1877	Nov. C fed ED on galantine when CD got honorary LL.D.
1882	C was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
1891-1910	Registrar Cambridge University.
1909	C organised CD centenary celebrations at Cambridge.
Clark, Mary
	Daughter of Philip and Ann (née Wedgwood) C. Married Joseph Wedgwood.
Clark, William, 1788-1869.
	DNB.
1817-1866	Prof. Anatomy Cambridge.
1826-1859	Rector of Guisely, Yorkshire.
1836	FRS.
1860	May 18 CD to Lyell, says anti-Origin, but son J. W. Clark says not so—LLii 308.

[page] 57

Clarke, William Barnard, 1805/6-1894 Mar. 20.
	Physician, practised at Wherstead Rd, Ipswich. First Curator of Ipswich Museum.
1838-1849	Published several papers in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1838-49, and a single leaf on a new seal.
1850	C edited Narrative of the wreck of the "Favorite", by John Nunn, a sailor.
1871	Moved to North Shields.
Clarke, William Branwhite, 1798-1878.
	Priest and geologist.
1839	Emigrated to Australia.
1876	FRS.
Cleavage
1846-1847	CD's views on geological cleavage, with illustrations by CD—MLii 199-210. These were never published as a paper.
Clement, William, 1763-1853.
	Apothecary of Shrewsbury; "unflinching advocate of parliamentary reform and civil and religious liberty"—Meteyard, Woodall p. 10. CD must have known as a child.
Clemson
	Gunsmith of Shrewsbury.
1831	C made CD's gun and spare parts for Beagle voyage—LLi 210.
Clift, William, 1775-1849.
	Had examined some of CD's South American fossils before he returned. DNB.
1793-1844	Conservator Royal College of Surgeons Museum.
1835	His daughter married Richard Owen.
Climbing plants
1865	"On the movements and habits of climbing plants", J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., 9, Nos 33 and 34, 1-118 (F833-834): also available as a book in paper wrappers (F835).
1866	Reprinted in Flora, 49:241-252, 273-282, 321-325, 337-345, 375-378, 385-398.
1875	2nd edition The movements and habits of climbing plants, London (F836).
1882	2nd edition with appendix to preface by Francis D, London (F839).
	First foreign editions:
1876	USA (F838), German (F860).
1877	French (F858).
1900	Russian (F865).
1970	Romanian (F864).
Clive, William, 1795-1883.
	Married Marianne, daughter of George Tollet.
1844-1861	Archdeacon of Montgomery.
1855	CD to Henslow, CD had seen C in London and he had enquired after H—Darwin-Henslow 174.
Clough, Miss Anne Jemima, 1820-1892.
	Sister of Arthur Hugh Clough, poet. First Principal of Newnham College Cambridge. DNB.
1883	C stayed at Down House.
Clowes, William, 1779-1847.
	Printer. Printed for John Murray.
Coal Club
	CD was interested in the savings club for Downe villagers—Darwin-Innes 203.
Coal, Origin of
1846	CD to Hooker, 4 letters on the subject—MLii 217-220.
Cobbe, Miss Frances Power, 1822-1904.
	Antivivisectionist. Editor of The Echo and Zoophilist. Reviewed Descent in Theological Rev. DNB.
1868	ED to her sister Elizabeth Wedgwood "I dined over the way [at Hensleigh Wedgwood's] (and Charles also) to meet Miss Cobbe and Miss Lloyd. Miss Cobbe was very agreeable"—EDii 189.
1872	Darwinism in morals and other essays, London.
1875-1884	Secretary National Anti-Vivisection Society.
1881	C issued antivivisection circular which she sent to CD; letters by C to The Times Apr. 19 and 23, by CD Apr. 22 and by Romanes Apr. 25 relate. CD to Romanes "with the sweet Miss Cobbe—Good Heavens what a liar she is: did you notice how in her second letter she altered what she quoted from her first letter, trusting to no one comparing the two"—LLii 203.
1894	C to ED for permission to publish correspondence from CD which she had altered and printed in The Echo, about what C considered a miscarriage of justice, but was not—EDii 302.
1894	Autobiography.

[page] 58

Cobbold, Thomas Spencer, 1828-1886.
	Parasitologist.
1885	C described CD's Beagle parasites in J. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., 19:174-178.
Cocos Keeling Islands, Indian Ocean.
	Coral atolls with lagoons. They had an important influence on CD's views on the origin of such islands.
1836	Apr. 1-12 Beagle at.
	Apr. 2-3 CD ashore on Direction Island. Captain John Clunies Ross, the owner, was away, and CD only met his assistant Mr Liesk.
Cohn, Ferdinand Julius, 1828-1898.
	German botanist. Prof. Botany Breslau.
1876	Aug. C visited Down House.
1882	C wrote of visit in Breslauer Zeitung Apr. 23.
"Colaptes campestris"
1870	"Notes on the habits of the pampas woodpecker, (Colaptes campestris)", Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., No. 47:705-706 (Bii 161, F1750).
Colburn, Henry, ?-1855.
	Publisher of Great Marlborough St, London.
1839	Published 1st edition of Journal of researches.
Coldstream, John, 1806-1863.
	Physician at Leith. Naturalist friend of CD at Edinburgh. DNB.
1833-1835	Wrote "Cirrhopoda" in Todd Cyclopaedia of anatomy and physiology 1 pp. 683-94 .
Colenso, William, 1811-1899.
	Botanist and ethnologist.
1834-1842	Missionary printer at Paihia, NZ.
1835	CD spent Christmas Day with him.
1883	Eulogy of CD by C Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 15:541 "that great and good man".
1883	Hooker proposed C for Royal Society, asked Haast to sponsor him, saying that CD would gladly have signed—Tee p. 46.
Collier, Elizabeth, 1747-1832.
	Natural daughter of Charles Colyear. Mother was ?Collier, governess to the legitimate children. Married 1 Edward Chandos Pole. CD's step-grandmother. Francis Galton's grandmother.
1781	Married 2, as second wife, Erasmus Darwin [I].
Collier, Hon. John, 1850-1934.
	Known as Jack. Painter and rationalist. RA. Son of Sir Robert Porrett C, Baron Monkswell. DNB.
1879	Married 1 Marian Huxley, daughter of T. H. Huxley.
1881	C painted CD three-quarter length in oils. CD sat for him in Aug.—LLiii 223.
1881	CD thanks for sending copy of "your Art Primer". "Everybody whom I have seen, and who has seen your picture of me is delighted with it. I shall be proud some day to see myself suspended at the Linnean Society [who commissioned it]"—MLi 398.
1882	C on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
1887	"Many of those who knew his face most intimately think that Mr. Collier's picture is the best of the portraits"—LLiii 223. Now at Linnean Society, Burlington House, London. Replica by the artist with the family. Engraved by Leopold Flameng, the prints bearing the signatures of artist and engraver.
1889	Married 2 Ethel Gladys Huxley, daughter of T. H. Huxley.

[page] 59

Collingwood, Dr Cuthbert, 1826-1908.
	Botanist. DNB.
1861	CD to Bates, CD had corresponded with C on mimicry—MLi 197.
1855	On the scope and tendency of botanical study, London.
1868	Rambles of a naturalist on the shores and waters of the Chinese seas, London.
Colonia del Sacramiento, Uruguay.
1833	Nov. 17 CD at.
Columbarian Society
	A society for breeders of domestic pigeons, in which CD was much interested for Variation. See also Philoperisteron.
1855, 1856	CD attended meetings near London Bridge—LLii 51.
1859	CD to Huxley. "I sat one evening in a gin palace in the Borough amongst a set of pigeon fanciers"—LLii 281.
1859	CD to Huxley, "I have found it very important associating with fanciers and breeders"—LLii 281.
?1859	CD to Huxley sending him a card to admit him to a pigeon show—MLi 125.
Colon, Archipiélago de
	Official Ecuadorian name for Galapagos Islands q.v.
Colyear, Charles, Earl of Portmore, 1700-1785.
	Known as "Beau" Colyear. Natural father of Elizabeth Collier. CD's Step-great-grandfather in bastardy. Francis Galton's great-grandfather in bastardy. DNB.
1730	2nd Earl.
1732	Married Juliana, Dowager Duchess of Leeds.
Comfort
circa 1842-1854	Gardener-coachman at Down House.
Compilers
	CD considered his evolution books to be compilations.
1859	CD to Huxley, "The inaccuracy of the blessed band (of which I am one) of compilers passes all bounds, The difficulty is to know what to trust. No one or two statements are worth a farthing"—LLii 281.
Concepcion, Chile.
1835	Mar. 4-7 Beagle at. Earthquake of Feb. 20 had caused almost total destruction of the town and of its port Talcahuano.
Condy's ozonised water
1862	CD took for dyspepsia. CD to Hooker "with, I think, extraordinary advantage—to comfort, at least"—MLi 472.
Conington, EDii 19, misprint for Covington q.v.
Coniston, Lancashire.
1879	Aug. 2-27 CD had family holiday there.

[page] 60

Constitucion
	Small schooner, cost £400.
1835	May, used to survey coasts of Chile and Peru by Sulivan and Usborne.
Conway, Caernarvonshire.
1831	Aug. CD visited with Sedgwick for geology.
Conway, Collected essays.
	CD's words, no such work, must be Atlantic essays 1871.
Conway, Moncure Daniel, 1832-1907.
	American Unitarian clergyman. Ardent abolitionist. Sent Col. Higginson's Collected essays to CD—LLiii 176.
1863-1884	Minister South Place Chapel, Finsbury, London.
1873	Jan. visited Down House.
Cooke, Robert Francis, 1816-1891.
	Partner of John Murray.
after 1845	Much involved in publishing CD's books.
Cookson, Montague Hughes, 1832-?
	Barrister. Cambridge friend of CD's sons.
1875	QC.
1882	C was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Cooper, Mr James Davis, 1823-1904.
	Wood engraver and book illustrator of 188 Strand, London. C cut woodblocks for Insectivorous plants.
Cope, Edward Drinker, 1840-1897.
	American palaeontologist.
1872	CD to Alpheus Hyatt about Hyatt's and C's theories on evolution—MLi 338.
1876	CD to ?William Erasmus D, "He writes very obscurely, but is an excellent naturalist"—Carroll 502.
1887	The origin of the fittest, New York.
1889-	Prof. Geology and Palaeontology Pennsylvania.
Copiapó, Chile.
1835	Jun. 22 CD reached C on expedition from Valparaiso, via Coquimbo.
	Jun. 26-Jul. 1 CD took a short expedition into cordilleras from C.
	Jul. 5 Beagle left C for Iquique.
Coquimbo
1835	May 14-Jun. 2 CD visited C on expedition from Valparaiso. Met Fitz-Roy there and stayed with Mr Edwards, whose silver mine at Arqueros they visited May 21. Small earthquake whilst they were there.
Coral islands
1843	"Remarks on the preceding paper in a letter from Charles Darwin, Esq. to Mr. Maclaren", Edinb. New Phil. J., 34:47-50 (Bi 171, F1662); preceding paper by Charles Maclaren, "On coral islands and reefs as described by Mr. Darwin".
1962	"Coral Islands", Atoll Research Bull., No. 88, 20 pp, 1 map (F1576); a transcript of CD's mss notes, with introduction by D. R. Stoddart.
Coral reefs, Part 1 of geology of the voyage of the Beagle.
1842	The structure and distribution of coral reefs, London (F271).
1851	Same text in a combination volume with the other 2 parts (F274).
1969	Facsimile (F306).
1874	2nd edition (F275).
1889	3rd edition (F277).
	First foreign editions, whole or part:
1846	Russian (F320).
1876	German (F311).
1878	French (F309).
1888	Italian (F318).
1889	USA (F278).
1949	Japanese (F319).
Corbet, Mr
	A blind friend of Mrs Marsh Caldwell.
1866	CD to Mrs C enclosing note for C about diet—Carroll 323.
Corfield, Mr
	Of Pitchford, Shropshire, father of Richard C—Darwin-Henslow 97.

[page] 61

Corfield, Rev. Richard, 1781-1865.
	Father of Richard Henry C. Lived when old at The Retreat, Cornwall.
1812-1865	Rector of Pitchford, Shropshire.
Corfield, Richard Henry, 1804-1897.
	Son of Rev. Richard C. [Another version says father was William Wilmot circa 1785-1847 of Chatwall Hall, Cardington, Salop.] Schoolfriend of CD living in Almendral, a suburb of Valparaiso.
1816-1819	Shrewsbury School.
1829-1868	In South America.
1834, 1835	1834 and again 1835 CD stayed with.
Cornford, Frances, see Darwin.
Cornford, Francis Macdonald, 1874-1943.
	Married Frances Crofts Darwin. Laurence Professor of Ancient Philosophy Cambridge.
1937	FBA.
1908	Author of Microcosmographia Academica: being a guide for the young academic politician, 16mo, 24 pp, Cambridge, Bowes & Bowes.
Cote House, Westbury, Bristol.
circa 1795	A large country estate bought by John Wedgwood. A great social centre for young Ws and Allens. Gardens and greenhouses were famous. See also Ann Green of Clifton.
1805	Sold because of J. W's financial troubles.
Cotton, Mr
1822	"An old Mr. Cotton in Shropshire" had pointed out to CD the bell stone, an erratic boulder in Shrewsbury—CD's "Autobiography" 52.
Couper, William, 1853-1942.
	Sculptor of New York.
1909	Bust in bronze by C of CD presented to Christ's College Cambridge by USA delegates to celebrations.
Covington, Syms, 1813-1861 Feb. 17.
	"Fiddler and boy to the poop cabin" on 2nd voyage of Beagle. Boy 2nd class, shoemaker. Drawing of Lima beauty p. 289 and Napoleon's tomb p. 362 in Keynes, property of Linn. Soc. NSW in Mitchell Library, Sydney. Biography B. J. Ferguson 1971.
1833	May 22 became personal servant to CD at "under £60 per annum". Cost CD £30 because FR kept him on the books for food.
1834	Jul. 20 CD to sister Catherine "my servant is an odd sort of person; I do not very much like him; but he is, from his very oddity, very well adapted to all my purposes—CD and Beagle 100-105, Keynes 218, CCD p. 392.
	C rearranged CD's notes on volcanic islands—Journal.
until 1839	Remained in CD's employ as secretary servant until 1839 Feb. 25, when CD's accounts show "Present to Covington on leaving me £2".
1839	May 29 CD wrote testimonial for.
1839	Went to Australia working his passage as a cook. First employed at Australian Agricultural Co's coal depot in Sydney.
circa 1840	Married Eliza Twyford of Stroud. 6 sons, 2 daughters: eldest son Syms died 1923.
from 1854	Employed at Pambula running a store and postmaster, Nov. 1 until death. Home The Retreat, Princes Highway, Pambula, Twofold Bay, NSW: 1971 it was a physician's house.
until 1859	CD continued to correspond with C. C sent CD large numbers of barnacles.
	Very deaf in later years.
1861	Death certificate says "21 years in this colony".
1884	Aug. 9 CD's letters to C published in Sydney Mail, 38:254-255.
1959	Reprinted in Notes and Records Roy. Soc., 14:14-27.
Craik, Georgiana Marion [Mrs May], 1831-1895.
	Novelist.
1858	C was a visitor to Moor Park Hydro. CD to ED "I like Miss Craik very much though we have some battles"—LLii 114.
Cranworth, Baron, see Rolfe.
Crawfurd, John, 1783-1868.
	Orientalist and Army surgeon. DNB.
1856	CD to Hooker mentions C as being on selection committee of Athenaeum when Huxley was up for membership—MLi 89.
1859	C reviewed Origin in Examiner, hostile but free from bigotry—LLii 237.
Crawley, Charles, 1846-1899.
	Cambridge friend of Francis D. C and wife, Augusta Emily Butcher, drowned while boating on river Wye.
1872	C visited Down House.
1882	C was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Crellin, J. K.
1968	C was editor of Darwin and evolution, London, a Jonathan Cape Jackdaw card wallet with facsimiles and other material, including t.p. of 1859 Origin.
Creskeld, Poole, Yorkshire.
	Seat of Francis Rhodes, later Darwin.

[page] 62

Cresselly, Pembrokeshire.
	Home of John Bartlett Allen.
from 1803	Home of John Hensleigh Allen.
from 1843	Home of Seymour Phillips Allen.
Cresy, Edward, 1792-1858.
	Architect and civil engineer. Neighbour at Downe. Father of Edward and Theodore.
Cresy, Edward, 1825-1870.
	Son of Edward C. Architect. Neighbour at Downe "was we believe an architect"—MLi 58. DNB.
1860	C helped CD with measurements for Insectivorous plants—LLiii 318.
Crewe, Frances, ?-1845.
1833	Married Robert Wedgwood as 1st wife.
Crick, Walter Drawbridge, 1857-1903.
	Of Northampton. Businessman and palaeontologist.
1882	Feb. C to CD about dispersal of fresh-water bivalve molluscs by water beetles—LLiii 252. See Nature, Lond., 529-530, 1882 Apr. 6.
Cripps Corner, Ashdown Forest, Sussex.
1900	Country home of Leonard D when he married Mildred Massingberd.
Crocker, Charles William, 1832-1868.
1862	C had lately retired from being foreman at Kew. He was going to work on varieties of hollyhock—MLi 218.
1862	Of Chichester, "he has the real spirit of an experimentalist, but has not done much this summer"—MLii 261.
Crofton, Amy
1867	C was a family friend who went to May eights at Cambridge with ED and family.
Crofts, Ellen, 1856-1903.
	Daughter of John C of Leeds. Fellow in English Literature, Newnham College, Cambridge.
1883	Married as second wife Francis D.
Croll, James, 1821-1890.
	Geologist of Edinburgh. DNB.
1869	CD to Lyell about C's estimates of geological time—Carroll 364.
1869	CD sent him 5th edition of Origin.
1875	Climate and time, London.
1876	FRS.
Cross, J. W., 1840-1924.
	Born Liverpool, England. Spent a few years in his youth at New York branch of family bank.
1880	Married Mary Ann Evans.
Cross, Mary Ann, see Evans.
Cross and Self Fertilisation
1876	The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom (F1249).
1878	2nd edition (F1251).
1891	3rd edition, but really as 2nd (F1256).
	First foreign editions:
1877	French (F1265), German (F1266), USA (F1250).
1878	Italian (F1269).
1938	Russian (F1272).
1964	Polish (F1270), Romanian (F1271).
"Cross Breeding"
1856	"Cross breeding", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 49:806, 812 (Bi 264, F1691, 1692).
1860	"Cross bred plants", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 3:49 (Bii 31, F1704).
1861	[letter to D. Beaton] "Phenomena in the cross-breeding of plants", J. Hort., 1:112-113 (Bii 39, F1713).
1861	"Cross-breeding in plants", J. Hort., 1:151 (Bii 42, F1714).
Crüger, Dr Hermann, 1818-1864.
	Botanist.
1857-	Director of Botanic Garden, Trinidad.
1862	Mar. C helped CD with Melostomaceae—MLii 299.
?1863	C observed fertilisation in Catasetum and Coryanthes—LLiii 284.
1866	CD to Fritz Müller, "I am sorry to say Dr. Crüger is dead from a fever"—MLii 262.
Cumberland Place, Regent's Park, London.
1868	No. 1, Hensleigh Wedgwood's house.

[page] 63

Cuming, Hugh, 1791-1865.
	Collector, especially of molluscan shells. C collected in Galapagos before CD. DNB.
1819	Sailmaker at Valparaiso.
1829	C visited Galapagos Islands—MLi 52.
1839	C returned to England.
1854	CD arranged and identified C's barnacles for him.
Cupples, Rev. George, 1822-1891.
	Popular writer.
1873	CD to C, long letter of general nature about people. CD had recommended Mrs (Anne J.) C's book Tappy's chicks and other links between nature and human nature, London 1872, to Josiah Wedgwood [III]'s family, with whom CD was staying—Carroll 428.
"Cypripedium"
1867	"Fertilisation of cypripediums", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 14: 350 (Bii 134, F1738).
"Cytisus scoparius"
1866	"The common broom (Cytisus scoparius)", J. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot., 9:358; a note added to George Henslow's paper, "Note on the structure of Indigofera etc.", ibid., 9:355-358 (Bii 134, F1737).
Czech
	First editions in:
1956	Journal of researches (F171).
1914	Origin of species (F641).
1906	Descent of man (F1048).
1964	Expression of the emotions (F1181).

[page 64]

D

Dallas, William Sweetland, 1824-1900.
	Zoologist.
1868	CD to Fritz Muller, "Prof. Huxley agrees with me that Mr. Dallas is by far the best translator" of Für Darwin—MLii 353.
1868	D compiled index to Variation under domestication, holding the publication up.
1872	D compiled glossary to 6th edition of Origin.
d'Alton, Johann Samuel Eduard, 1803-1854.
	Son of J. W. E. d'A. q.v. Vertebrate zoologist. Professor of Physiology and Anatomy, Halle.
1848	Book on teratology.
d'Alton, Josef Wilhelm Eduard, 1772-1840.
	Father of J. S. E. d'A. Vertebrate zoologist. Scientific illustrator. d'A is referred to in historical sketch to Origin as J. S. E. d'A, their names being persistently misprinted "Dalton". See Book Collector, 25:257-258, 1976.
Dana, James Dwight, 1813-1895.
	American geologist and zoologist. Biography: Gilman 1899.
1849	D sent CD his work on geology of US Expedition—LLi 374.
1849	CD to Lyell, "Dana is dreadfully hypothetical in many parts, and often as 'd—d cocked sure' as Macaulay"—MLii 225.
1850-1892	Silliman Prof. Natural History and Geology Yale.
1854	CD sent D copy of Living Cirripedia.
1859	CD sent D copy of 1st edition of Origin.
1859	Dec. CD to Lyell, CD had had a letter from D saying that he is "quite disabled in his head" from overwork—Carroll 188.
1860	D to CD, from Florence, saying that his health was poor.
1863	CD to Lyell on D's classification of mammals in Silliman's J., 25:65-71 and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 12:207-213, "The whole seems to me to be utterly wild"—MLi 236.
1877	Copley Medal.
1881	Aug. CD to Hooker, says D was first to argue for permanence of continents—LLiii 247.
1884	Foreign Member R. S.
Dandy
1867, 1868	A carriage horse at Down House, bought 1867, sold 1868.
Dangerous Archipelago, see Tuamotu.
Danish
	First editions in:
1876	Journal of researches (F174).
1872	Origin of species (F643).
1874-1875	Descent of man (F1050).
1909	Autobiography (F1512).
Darbishire, Alexander
1832	Apr. 25 CD to Caroline D "is also discharged the service from his own desire, not choosing his conduct, which has been bad about money matters to be investigated"—D and Beagle pp. 64-6.
Darby, Yvonne
	1st wife of Sir Robert Vere Darwin.

[page] 65

Dareste de la Chavanne, Gabriel Madeleine Camille, 1822-1899.
	French biologist. Held various biological chairs in Paris. Specialist on monstrosities.
1863	CD to D, D was pro-Origin—LLiii 7.
1869	CD to D about his application for a chair of physiology in Paris.
Darwin, Family of, Burke, 1888.
	Gives by far the most detailed pedigree.
before 1542	He traces the family in the male line back to William D [I] of Marton, Lincolnshire, who died before 1542. The male descendents continue largely in that county.
1680	In 1680 William D [VI] married Ann Waring who inherited Elston Hall in the same county. The estate was inherited by their son Robert D and is still held by the senior branch of CD's line of the family.
1849	But it passed to a distaff on the marriage of Charlotte Maria Cooper D to Francis Rhodes in 1849.
1850	The latter, in 1850, changed his name to Darwin on inheriting Elston under the will of his brother-in-law Robert Alvey D, who had died in 1847.
	The headship of the family, in the male line, then passed back to the descendents of Erasmus D [I] who was the younger brother of Charlotte D's father William Alvey D.
1847-1848	Erasmus's only surviving son Robert Waring D, CD's father, held it briefly in 1847-1848 and, on his death in the latter year, it went to his elder son Erasmus Alvey D, CD's brother.
1881-1882	Erasmus Alvey D died in August 1881, unmarried, and CD himself held it for a little over 6 months.
1882	From CD it went to his eldest son William Erasmus D who had no children.
1912	CD's second son, Sir George Howard D, had died in 1912.
1914	His eldest son, Sir Charles Galton D, became head on William Erasmus D's death in 1914.
1962	On Sir Charles's death in 1962, it passed to his eldest son George P. D.
1914, 1915	Less detailed pedigrees are printed in Emma Darwin, i, 1915, and in Life letters and labours of Francis Galton, i, 1914.
1952	There is also a brief one in Period piece, 1952, which carries the pedigree one generation further into the 20th century.
1978	A pedigree in manuscript, compiled in 1978 by Sir Iain Moncrieffe of that Ilk, Bart, shows the relationship of CD to the present Queen Elizabeth II, through her mother. The common ancestor was Thomas Foley (1617-1677), great-great-grandfather of Erasmus D [I]'s first wife, Mary Howard, whose mother was Penelope Foley. Her Majesty is thus CD's fifth cousin four times removed. Sir Iain also gives a pedigree to King Edward III (1312-1377), in 18 generations, and he suggests a relationship to William Shakespeare, with one doubtful link: both of these are through the Hon. Penelope Paget, mother of Paul Foley, grandson of Thomas Foley.
about 1920	Finally, there is an absurd single sheet, compiled by Francis Darwin Swift, about 1920, which gives a skeleton pedigree back to Isaac II, Angelus, Eastern Emperor 1185-1204.
	Three pedigrees are given here: one, abridged from Burke, shows the male Darwin line back to the 16th century, as far as he was able to trace it: a second shows CD's children and grandchildren, although the latters' marriages and the CD great-grandchildren are intentionally omitted: and thirdly one to shew CD's relationship to ED. These pedigrees can be expanded, especially to the other 13 children of Erasmus Darwin [I], and to Wedgwoods and Allens, by reference to the text.

[page] 66

Skeleton Pedigree of Charles Robert Darwin in the male line (from H. Farnham Burke, 1888).

[page] 67

Charles Robert (5th child) Pedigee to show Charles Robert Darwin's Relationship to his wife Emma Wedgwood
(From Emma Darwin, 1915).

[page] 68

1.	2.	4.
1. Gwendolen Mary, 1885-1957.	Bernard Richard Meirion, 1876-1961.	1. Erasmus, 1881-1915.
2. Charles Galton, 1887-1962.		2. Ruth Frances, 1883-1973.
3. Margaret Elizabeth, 1890-1974.	3.	3. Emma Nora, 1885-.
4. William Robert, 1894-1970.	Frances Crofts, 1886-1960.

Pedigree of Charles Robert Darwin's Children and Grandchildren.

[page] 69

Darwin, family of:
	George Pember D, 1928-2001, was head of the family.
	EPONYMS, LIST OF FORENAMES (all other eponyms are under CRD):
	Barlow, Erasmus Darwin, 1915- , named after his mother Emma Nora, Lady Barlow, née Darwin.
	Fox, Edith Darwin, 1857 and died an infant, named after her father William Darwin F.
	Fox, Rev. Samuel William Darwin, 1841-?, named after his father Rev. William Darwin F.
	Fox, Victor William Darwin 1883-?, named after his grandfather Rev. William Darwin F.
	Fox, Rev. William Darwin 1805-80, named after his mother Anne née Darwin.
	French, Erasmus Darwin,  f1. 1875, source of forenames unknown.
	Galton, Darwin, 1814-1903, named after his mother Frances Anne Violetta née Darwin.
	Galton, Violet Darwin 1862-?, named after her grandmother Frances Anne Violetta née Darwin.
	Huish, Frances Violetta Darwin 1858-?, named after her grandfather Sir Francis Sacheverel Darwin.
	Huish, Francis Darwin, 1850-?, named after his grandfather Sir Francis Sacheverel Darwin.
	Keynes, Richard Darwin, 1919- , named after his mother Margaret Elizabeth, Lady Keynes, née Darwin.
	Overton, William Darwin, ?-1883, named after his great-great-grandfather William Alvey Darwin, through his grandfather Rev. William Darwin Fox.
	Stowe, Darwin,  fl. 1638, named after his great-grandfather Henry Darwin.
	Swift, Francis Darwin, 1864-?, named after his grandfather Sir Francis Sacheverel Darwin.
	Wilmot, Rev. Darwin, 1855-1935, named after his grandfather Sir Francis Sacheverel Darwin.
	Wilmot, Sacheverel Darwin, 1885-?, son of Rev. Darwin W, q. v.

Arms and Crest of Robert Waring Darwin.

Darwin, Family of, Arms, Burke, 1888.
circa 1573-1644	Records the arms of William D [IV], circa 1573-1644, as: Argent, on a bend gules between two cotises vert, three escallops vert.
1717	He illustrates the same coat for Robert D of Lincoln's Inn in 1717, with a cadency crescent for second son.
	Erasmus D [I] used them without cadency, although he was also a second son.
	His son, Robert Waring D, shows a martlet for fourth son, although the pedigree gives him as third son.
	There seems to be no record of CD using arms, although he did use a signet with the crest.
	Crest in all these examples, a demi-griffin segreant vert, holding between the claws an escallop vert. Motto "E conchis omnia".
	Burke illustrates the arms of two of CD's sons, William Erasmus D and Sir George Howard D in both of which the coat is quartered 2 and 3, vert a chevron argent, between 3 herons heads erased (for Waring of Elston Hall, Lincolnshire); crest the same; motto "Cave et aude".
	Fairburn, for four of CD's sons, records the crests as having in front of the griffin three escallops fesseway argent.
	The senior branch of the family had slightly variant arms: ermine a leopard's face jessant-de-lys between two escallops, all within two bendlets gules.
1849	In 1849 Francis Rhodes married Charlotte Maria Cooper D, heiress of Elston Hall, the family seat.
1850	In 1850 he changed his surname to Darwin and was granted in the same year, by Queen Victoria, the Darwin arms quartering 2 and 3 those of Rhodes, per pale argent and azure, on a bend nebuly, a lion passant guardant, between two acorns slipped, all countercharged; twin crests, a demi-griffin segreant sable, semée of mascules or, resting the sinister claw upon an escutcheon argent, charged with a leopard's face jessant-de-lys gules (for Darwin), A cubit arm erect, vested of six argent and azure, cuffed gules, the hand holding in saltire an oak branch and a vine branch, both fructed proper (for Rhodes): Motto "Cave et aude".

[page] 70

Darwin, family, Charity, see Brass Close.
Darwin, Lady
	The following have borne the title as wives and some as relicts:
1.	Maud du Puy, 1905-1947, wife of Sir George H. D.
2.	Florence Henrietta Fisher, 1913-1920, wife of Sir Francis D.
3.	Emma ("Ida") Cecilia Farrer, 1918-1946, wife of Sir Horace D, was also The Hon. from 1893 when father became Baron.
4.	Katharine Pember, 1942-, wife of Sir Charles Galton D.
Darwin, Amy Richenda, see Ruck.
Darwin, Ann, 1727-1813.
	Fourth child of Robert D. CD's great-aunt. Unmarried.
Darwin, Anne [I], see Earle.
Darwin, Anne [II], see Waring.
Darwin, Anne [III], 1777-1859.
	Child of William Alvey D [I]. CD's first cousin once removed.
1799	Married Samuel Fox. Children including Rev. William Darwin Fox.
Darwin, Anne Elizabeth, 1841 Mar. 2-1851 Apr. 23 midday.
	Second child of CD, born at 12 Upper Gower St. Known as "Annie", "Kitty Kumplings". CD's favourite child. Her character—LLi 132-134.
1851	Died at Malvern of a fever.
Darwin, "Annie", see Anne Elizabeth D.
Darwin, "Babba", see Charles Robert D.
Darwin, "Babsey", see Bernard Richard Meirion D.
Darwin, "Backy", see Sir Francis D.
Darwin, "Bee", see Fraser.
Darwin, Bernard Richard Meirion, 1876 7 Sep.-1961 Oct. 18.
	Writer mostly on golf. Only child of Sir Francis D and Amy Richenda. CD's senior grandchild, the first of two born in CD's lifetime. Known as "Babsey", "Dubba", or "Dubsy" in infancy. Known as "Dubba" in youth. Home Gorringes, Downe.
1876-1883	His mother died in childbed and he was brought up at Down House until his father married again in 1883.
1906	Married Elinor Mary Monsell. 1 son, 2 daughters: 1. Sir Robert Vere, 2. Ursula Francis Elinor, 3. Nicola Mary Elizabeth.
1941	Although best known as a writer on golf D also wrote the introduction to the excellent Oxford dictionary of quotations, 1941.
1955	Autobiography The world Fred made 1955, Chatto & Windus. Fred was a gardener at Down House.
19?	Francis D The story of a childhood, 19?, privately printed. Contains extracts from letters from FD to Mrs Ruck, née Mary Anne Matthews, his mother-in-law, about BRMD, from birth to age 15. They were given back to FD on Mrs R's death, she died in her late 80s.

[page] 71

Darwin, "Bessy", see Elizabeth D [VI].
Darwin, "Body", see Henrietta Emma D.
Darwin, "Boofy", see Ruth Francis D.
Darwin, "Budgy", see Henrietta Emma D.
Darwin, Caroline Sarah, 1800 Sep. 14-1888 Jan. 5.
	Second child of Robert Waring D. CD's sister. The only one of CD's siblings to outlive him.
1837	Married Josiah Wedgwood [III].
1837	CD to William Darwin Fox "I never saw a human being so fond of little crying wretches (children) as she is"—W&W p. 228.
Darwin, Catherine, see Emily Catherine D.
Darwin, Charles, 1758 Sep. 3-1778 May 15.
	First child of Erasmus D and Mary. Unmarried. CD's uncle and CD named after him. Medical student, died from a dissecting room wound at Edinburgh.
1780	Author of Experiments establishing a criterion between mucaginous and purulent matter, Lichfield 1780, edited by his father.
Darwin, Sir Charles Galton, 1887 Dec. 9-1962 Dec. 31.
	Second child of Sir George Howard D. CD's grandson. Physicist. DNB WWH.
1925	Married Katharine Pember. 4 sons, 1 daughter.
1922	FRS.
1923-1936	Prof. Natural Philosophy Edinburgh.
1938-1949	Director National Physical Laboratory.
1927	D owned Down House when George Buckston Browne bought it in 1927.
1942	KBE.
Darwin, Charles John Wharton, 1894 Dec. 12-1941 Dec. 26.
	Son of Charles Waring D. Squadron Leader and Businessman. Head of senior branch of the family. Of Elston Hall, Notts. CD's remote cousin.
1917	Married Sibyl Rose.
Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882.
	Dates of birth, death, marriage and names of children are given first, followed by a few quotations to give some indication of CD's character.
	Other information is then given under the following heads:
	Anniversaries.
	Appearance.
	Books by.
	Books, autobiographies.
	Books, bibliographies.
	Books, biographies.
	Books, dedicated by.
	Books, dedicated to.
	Books, fiction.
	Books, statistics.
	Death and funeral.
	Degrees.
	Descendants.
	Eponyms, including an anatomical feature, animals, institutions, monuments, places and plants.
	Finance.
	Funeral.
	Ghost.
	Grave.
	Habits.
	Handwriting.
	Health.
	Homes.
	Iconography.
	Itinerary.
	Manuscripts.
	Medals.
	Order.
	Prize.
	Religion.
	Society Membership.
	Stamps.

[page] 72

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882, continued.
1809	1809 Feb. 12 Sun.-1882 Apr. 19 Wed. about 4 pm. Naturalist. 5th child of Robert Waring D. Born The Mount, Shrewsbury. Died Down House, Downe, Kent.
1809	Other people born in same year: Gladstone, Lincoln, Poe, Fitzgerald, Wendell Holmes, Mendelssohn, Chopin, Monckton Milnes—Leonard Huxley p. 1.
	Nicknames:
	"Gas" (at Shrewsbury School).
	"Bobby", Erasmus A. D. called CD Bobby at school and for a short time afterwards.
	"Postillion", by Frances Mostyn Owen; this absurd affair of "Postillion-Housemaid" relationship—Brent pp. 62-3 and CCD I prints the letters.
	"Dear old Philosopher" (by officers on Beagle).
	"Flycatcher" (by all ranks on Beagle).
	"Babba" (by Bernard Richard Meirion D in infancy).
	"F" (by ED in writing to the children when they were grown up).
	When CD was born he had only one grandparent living, Sarah Wedgwood, his maternal grandmother, who was ED's paternal grandmother. She died when CD was 5/6.
	His mother died when he was 7 and his father when he was 39.
	He had one brother and four sisters, one of whom, Caroline Sarah D, outlived him.
	Of his ten children, three died in infancy or childhood, the rest outliving him.
	He had four grandsons and five granddaughters: two, Bernard Richard Meirion D and Erasmus D [III], were born in his lifetime.
	"I just remember him—a dullish apathetic lad, giving no token of his after-eminence"—F. E. Gretton Memory's harkback through half a century 1808-1858, London, Richard Bentley 1889, p. 33.
1834	To Emily Catherine D, from E. Falkland I., "there is nothing like Geology; the pleasure of the first day's partridge shooting or first day's hunting cannot be compared to finding a fine group of fossil bones, which tell their story of former times with almost a living tongue"—Darwin and the Beagle 96.
1839	Jan. 29 married Emma Wedgwood, by Rev. John Allen Wedgwood at St Peter's Church, Maer, Staffordshire.
	6 sons, 4 daughters: 1. William Erasmus, 2. Anne Elizabeth, 3. Mary Eleanor, 4. Henrietta Emma, 5. George Howard, 6. Elizabeth, 7. Francis, 8. Leonard, 9. Horace, 10. Charles Waring.
1839	Jan. 29 "Uncle John [Wedgwood] believes one single turnip in a garden is enough to spoil a bed of cauliflowers"—Species entry made by CD on wedding day—Huxley and Kettlewell p. 59.
1839	FRS.
1844	Aug. 29 CD to Horner, "I always feel as if my books came half out of Lyell's brain"—MLii 117.
1856	CD to Thwaites, asking for information, "When a beggar once begins to beg he never knows when to stop"—Carroll 125.
1857	JP.
1859	CD's only recorded attendance on the Bench—LLii 225.
1859	CD to Lyell, "It is a pity he [Fitz-Roy] did not add his theory of the extinction of Mastodon etc., from the door of the Ark being made too small", about two letters to The Times signed "Senex"—MLi 129.
1860	Mar. CD to Leidy, "I have never for a moment doubted, that though I cannot see my errors, that much in my book [Origin] will be proved erroneous"—Carroll 202.

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Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882, continued.
1862	Dec. Hooker to B. H. Hodgson of Darjeeling, "First naturalist in Europe. Indeed I question if he will not be regarded as great as any that ever lived; his powers of observation, memory and judgement seem prodigious, his industry indefatigable and his sagacity in planning experiments, fertility of resources and care in conducting them are unrivalled, and all this with health so detestable that his life is a curse to him"—Allan 209.
1863	CD to Hooker, "We are degenerate descendants of old Josiah W., for we have not a bit of pretty ware in the house"—LLiii 5.
1863	CD to Gray, "the Times is getting more detestable (but that is too weak a word) [about slavery] than ever. My good wife wishes me to give it up, but I tell her that is a pitch of heroism to which only a woman is equal. To give up the 'Bloody Old Times' as Cobbett used to call it, would be to give up meat, drink and air."—LLiii 11.
1863	CD to Hooker, "It is mere rubbish thinking at present of the origin of life; one might as well think of the origin of matter"—LLiii 18.
1863	CD to J. Scott, "Be sparing in publishing theory. It makes people doubt your observation"—MLii 323.
1867	CD to Cannon Farrer, "I...would leave classics to be learnt by those alone who have sufficient zeal and high taste requisite for their appreciation"—MLii 441.
1869	CD to Bentham, "How detestable are Roman numerals! Why should not the Presidents' addresses...be paged with Christian figures"—MLi 381.
?1869	CD to Wallace, "It is an aweful stretcher to believe that a peacock's tail was thus formed; but, believing it, I believe in the same principle somewhat modified applied to man"—MLii 90.
1870	CD to Fritz Müller, "I have not yet met a soul in England who does not rejoice in the splendid triumph of Germany over France: it is a most just retribution against that vainglorious war-liking nation"—MLii 92.
1878	CD to G. A. Gaskell, "No words can exaggerate the importance, in my opinion, of our colonisation for the future history of the world"—MLii 50.
1881	CD to Romanes, he was, as a magistrate, giving orders daily to allow pigs to cross roads, at a time of swine fever.
1881	Jun. 15 CD to Hooker, "So I must look forward to Down graveyard as the sweetest place on earth"—MLii 433.

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Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882, continued.
	ANNIVERSARIES:
	The following list contains the main dates which may have been celebrated with pleasure, or remembered with pain, in CD's immediate family circle, from his birth in 1809 up to ED's death in 1896. One does not get the impression that CD's household was much given to celebrating anniversaries.
January	3	Horace D, CD's son, married 1880.
	5	Caroline Sarah W, CD's sister, died 1888.
	15	Susannah D, CD's mother, born 1765.
	29	CD and ED's wedding day 1839.
February	2	Emily Catherine Langton, CD's sister, died 1866.
	12	CD born, 1809.
		Charlotte Wedgwood, ED's sister, married in this month.
March	2	Anne Elizabeth D, CD's daughter, born 1841.
	11	Josiah W, ED's brother, died 1880.
	30	Frances Crofts D, CD's grand-daughter, born 1886.
	31	Elizabeth W, ED's mother died 1846.
		Henrietta Emma D, CD's daughter, married 1871.
April	7	Marianne D, CD's sister, born 1798.
	19	CD died 1882.
	22	Anne Elizabeth D, CD's daughter, died 1851.
May	2	ED born 1808.
	6	Robert Waring D, CD's father, born 1766.
	10	Emily Catherine D, CD's sister, born 1810.
	13	Horace D, CD's son, born 1851.
June	1	Hensleigh W, ED's brother, died 1891.
	28	Charles Waring D, CD's son, died 1858.
	15	Susannah D, CD's mother, died 1817.
	8	Elizabeth D, CD's daughter, born 1847.
	9	George Howard D, CD's son, born 1845.
	11	Leonard D, CD's son, married 1882.
	12	Josiah W, ED's father, died 1843.
	18	Marianne Parker, CD's sister, died 1858.
	22	George Howard D, CD's son, married 1884.

[page] 75

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882, ANNIVERSARIES, continued.
August	2	Ruth Frances D, CD's granddaughter, born 1883.
	3	Susan Elizabeth D, CD's sister, born 1803.
	16	Francis D, CD's son, born 1848.
	20	Frances W, ED's sister, died 1832.
	26	Erasmus Alvey D, CD's brother, died 1881.
		Gwendolen Mary D, CD's granddaughter, born 1885.
September	7	Bernard Richard Meirion D, CD's grandson, born 1876.
	14	Caroline Sarah D, CD's sister, born 1800.
		ED moved into Down House, without CD, 1842.
	17	CD moved into Down House 1842.
	23	Mary Eleanor D, CD's daughter, born 1842.
	25	Henrietta Emma D, CD's daughter, born 1843.
October	1	Francis W, ED's sister, died 1888.
	2	Beagle reached Falmouth and CD disembarked 1836.
	3	Susan Elizabeth D, CD's sister, died 1866.
	16	Mary Eleanor D, CD's daughter, died 1842.
November	2	ED died 1896.
	7	Sarah Elizabeth W, ED's sister, died 1880.
	11	CD proposed marriage to ED and was accepted 1838.
	13	Robert Waring D, CD's father, died 1848.
December	6	Charles Waring D, CD's son, born 1856.
	7	Erasmus D, CD's grandson, born 1881.
	19	Charles Galton D, CD's grandson, born 1887.
	22	Emma Nora D, CD's grand-daughter, born 1885.
	27	Beagle sailed from Devonport 1831.
	29	Erasmus Alvey D, CD's brother, born 1804.

[page] 76

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882, continued.
	APPEARANCE:
	The only full description of CD's physical appearance and of his dress is in Chapter 3 of LLi, in Francis D's reminiscences of his father, but he omits much and only treats of CD in his later years. The picture can be amplified from portraits.
	The only portrait in his childhood is the pastel by Rolinda Sharples, when he was about 7 years of age.
	In early manhood, before he grew his beard, there are:
	a water colour by George Richmond, when he was 31,
	the earliest photograph, with his son William Erasmus D, when he was 33,
	the Ipswich engraving by Maguire when he was 40,
	the chalk drawing by Samuel Laurence when he was 44,
	and the Maull & Fox photograph, probably taken when he was 45.
	After he grew his beard, there are one bust and three oils taken from life, as well as numerous photographs, but his beard was so copious that his features were much obscured.
	He was about six feet tall, sparely built with medium shoulders. In Francis D's recollection he had a tendency to stoop which increased with age; high forehead, much wrinkled in age, but his face otherwise unlined; wide-set eyes, iris bluish-grey according to Francis D but pale brown in the Richmond portrait; eyebrows very bushy in age; nose straight; mouth small; chin neither prominent nor receding.
	All the portraits show a very youthful face for his age, until he grew his beard, from which time he looked unchangingly old.
	His hair and side whiskers were light brown and the hairline started to recede before he was 30; by 60 he had only a fringe of hair at the back.
1832, 1834	He first grew a beard, as did everyone else, when the Beagle left Montevideo for the cold south, 1832 Nov., but they shaved when they returned to temperate waters, 1834 Jul. CD to his sister Emily Catherine "With my great beard"—LLi 254.
1845	"Whilst we all wore our untrimmed beards"—J. Researches, 209.
1849	CD to Hooker, "Everyone tells me that I look quite blooming and beautiful; and most think that I am shamming, but you have never been one of those"—LLi 111.
1862-1863	CD finally grew beard and moustache in 1862-1863; the beard was copious and the moustache cut square across.
1864	May 28 CD to Gray, on sending a bearded photograph "Do I not look venerable"—Darwin-Gray letters 54.
1866	Apr. 28 ED to Henrietta Emma D "He was obliged to name himself to almost all of them [people at a Royal Society soirée], as his beard alters him so"—EDii 185.
	His complexion was ruddy.
	His gait was springing and he always walked with a stick which he banged on the ground.
	He used his hands a good deal in conversation, although the crossed arms and legs shown in the "Ape" cartoon were characteristic.
	His laugh was a "free and sounding peal"—LLi 111.
	The portraits show that CD's dress was usually conventional and that of a man of his position, but in later years it became less so. He gave up wearing a tall hat even in London, wearing a soft black one with a rounded crown in winter and a big straw in summer. His clothes were dark and of a loose and easy fit.
circa 1880	Outdoors he wore a short cloak: the cloak and winter hat are well shown in the Elliott & Fry photograph of circa 1880.
	Indoors, he normally wore a shawl and "great loose cloth boots" over his indoor shoes—LLi 112.
1880	Jan. his sons bought him a fur coat. ED to Leonard D "He has begun wearing it so constantly, that he is afraid it will soon be worn out"—EDii 239.
	In latter years he wore, for reading or close experiments, spectacles or more often pince nez which are visible on a ribbon in some photographs and his hearing was unimpaired.

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Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882, continued.
	BOOKS BY CD:
	These and his publications in serials, are entered in the main sequence under brief titles.
	The following list gives full titles of his main books in strict alphabetical order, except for first articles, followed by the date of first appearance under that title and any needed cross reference.
	Several of his books appeared under more than one title.
	Works printed from CD's manuscripts since his death have not been included, but will be found under the separate heading "Manuscripts" and they are also present under abbreviated titles in the main sequence.
	Works to which he contributed only an article, preface, or letter, have also not been included.
	CD wrote seventeen works in twenty-one volumes, or fifteen if the three volumes of geology of the Beagle are treated as one. They consist of more than 9,000 pages of text with a further 170 pages of preliminary matter. If the papers in serials are added, the total comes to well over 10,000 pages. This rough total does not consider the increase, or rarely decrease, in the length of the text in later editions, and represents about 230 pages a year for forty-three years.
1	The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex, 2 vols, 1871 (F937).
2	The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, 1877 (F1277).
3	The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom, 1876 (F1249).

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Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882, BOOKS BY CD, continued.
4	Erasmus Darwin. Translated from the German...with a preliminary essay by Charles Darwin, 1879 (F1319). Text by E. Krause, but CD's essay is longer.
5	The expression of the emotions in man and animals, 1872 (F1141).
6	The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms, with observations on their habits, 1881 (F1357).
7	Geological observations on coral reefs, volcanic islands, and on South America, 1851 (F274). Combination volume of Nos 8, 9 and 27, from the same sheets.
8	Geological observations on South America, 1846 (F273).
9	Geological observations on the volcanic islands visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, together with some brief notices of the geology of Australia and the Cape of Good Hope, 1844 (F272).
10	Insectivorous plants, 1875 (F1217).
11	Journal and remarks 1832-1836, 1839 (F10 part). Volume 3 of No. 18, first issue of No. 12.
12	Journal of researches into the geology and natural history of the various countries visited by H.M.S. Beagle, 1839 (F11).
13	Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, 1845 (F13). 2nd edition of No. 12.
14	The life of Erasmus Darwin...Being an introduction to an essay on his scientific work, 1887 (F1321). 2nd edition of No. 4, same text but new preliminaries.
15	A monograph of the fossil Lepadidae, or pedunculated cirripedes, of Great Britain. A monograph of the fossil Balanidae and Verrucidae of Great Britain, 2 vols, 1851, 1854[=1855] (F342).
16	A monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the species, 2 vols 1851, 1854 (F339).
17	The movements and habits of climbing plants, 1876 (F836). 2nd edition of No. 20.
18	Narrative of the surveying voyages of his Majesty's ships Adventure, and Beagle, 3 vols and appendix to Vol. 2, 1839 (F10). Edited by Robert Fitz-Roy. Vol. 3 is CD's volume, titled Journal and remarks, =No. 11, 1st edition of No. 12.
19	A naturalist's voyage. Journal of researches etc., 1879 (F34). An unchanged reprint of No. 13.
20	On the movements and habits of climbing plants, 1865 (F834).
21	On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life, 1859 (F373).

[page] 79

22	On the various contrivances by which British and foreign orchids are fertilised by insects, and on the good effects of intercrossing, 1862 (F800).
23	The origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life, 1872 (F391). 6th edition of No. 21.
24	The power of movement in plants, 1880 (F1325).
25	Queries about expression, [1867] (F871, 873).
26	Questions about the breeding of animals, [1839] (F262).
27	The structure and distribution of coral reefs, 1842 (F271).
28	The variation of animals and plants under domestication, 2 vols, 1868 (F877).
29	The various contrivances by which orchids are fertilised by insects, 1877 (F801). 2nd edition of No. 22.
30	The voyage of the Beagle, 1905 (F106). Unchanged reprint of No. 13.
31	The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle...during the years 1832 to 1836, 5 parts, 1838-1842 (F8). Edited by CD.
	BOOKS, AUTOBIOGRAPHIES:
1876	The original publication of CD's autobiography is in LLi 26-107, but CD's description of his father, which is in the mss, is printed in Chapter 1, 11-20, instead of in its correct place. It was written in 1876, between May 28 and Aug. 3, with some additions and alterations in 1878 and 1881. The mss is headed "Recollections of the development of my mind and character". This version was bowdlerised by Francis D after consultation with CD's other children—"passages should occur which must have to be omitted". One omitted passage, about CD's mother, was printed in MLi 30.
1838	A further autobiographical fragment of his first ten years, written in 1838, was printed in MLi 1-5.
1957	The first full transcription of the original mss appeared in Russian translation by S. L. Sobol' in 1957.
1958	Nora Barlow's version of it, which was independently transcribed, appeared in 1958, with an important appendix.
	In 1974 de Beer edited an edition of the Barlow transcription, with slight modifications after the mss had been re-examined by James Kinsley, in Charles Darwin, Thomas Henry Huxley, autobiographies. This edition also contains the fragment of 1838.

[page] 80

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882, continued.
	BOOKS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES:
	There is no full bibliographical work even of the first editions of CD's books.
1959	The origin of species has been surveyed in great detail by Morse Peckham in his comparative edition of 1959. He covers all English editions and issues up to 1890, and his descriptions include paper, type and binding cases, as well as summaries of John Murray's accounts.
1964	H. D. Horblit, in the Grolier Club volume One hundred books famous in science, 1964, gives another description of the 1st edition.
1954	A full description of Living Cirripedia is given in R. Curle, The Ray Society a bibliographical history, 1954, 48-49.
	There are several handlists:
1883	F. W. True, A darwinian bibliography, Smithson. Misc. Coll., 25:92-101.
1887	J. P. Anderson, i-xxxi in G. T. Bettany, Life of Charles Darwin, a good list which also contains list of early darwiniana and of reviews.
1887	Frances D, LLiii, 362-372, not so useful as Anderson.
1977	R. B. Freeman, The works of Charles Darwin, 2nd edition.
1977	P. H. Barrett, The collected papers of Charles Darwin, 2 vols, contains an almost complete collection of CD's works in serials, with their references, and notes.
	BOOKS, BIOGRAPHIES, including letters:
	Biographies of CD are numerous and include DNB. Those listed here all contain general biographical matter as well as considerations of his work and theories. Many more, which are concerned with darwinism from the biological, ethical or sociological viewpoints, contain some facts about his life, but usually nothing new: these have been ignored.
1887	The basic biography, on which most of the others draw strongly for facts, is Francis D's Life and letters, 3 vols, 1887.
1903, 1904	This is supplemented by Francis D and A. C. Seward, More letters, 1903, and, largely for family matters, by H. E. Litchfield, Emma Darwin, 1904.
	Much information has come to light since these early books which was not available to their editors, but no full scale biography containing it has appeared. The most important will be found under the entries for Barlow, de Beer, Gruber and Stecher.

1882	Charles Darwin, memorial notices, Nature Series. 6 obituaries from Nature, Lond.
1883	L. C. Miall, The life and work of Charles Darwin; a lecture.
1883	J. M. Winn, Darwin.
1884	E. Woodall, Charles Darwin.
1886	J. T. Cunningham, Charles Darwin; naturalist.
1887	G. T. Bettany, Life of Charles Darwin.
1887	Francis D, Life and letters of Charles Darwin, 3 vols.

[page] 81

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882, BOOKS, BIOGRAPHIES, continued.
1891	C. F. Holder, Charles Darwin. His life and work.
1892	Francis D, Charles Darwin. His life told in an autobiographical chapter, and in a selected series of his published letters. An abridged version of 1887, with some alterations and additions.
1894	Parkyn, Darwin his work and influence.
1903	Francis D. and A. C. Seward, More letters of Charles Darwin, 2 vols.
1904	H. E. Litchfield, Emma Darwin, wife of Charles Darwin, privately printed edition. 1915 Emma Darwin, published edition.
1909	E. B. Poulton, Charles Darwin and the Origin of species.
1921	Leonard Huxley, Charles Darwin.
1923	Karl Pearson, Charles Darwin, 1809-1882. Questions of the day and of the fray, No. 12.
1927	Henshaw Ward, Charles Darwin. The man and his warfare.
1937	"Geoffrey West" [pseudonym of G. H. Wells], Charles Darwin, the fragmentary man.
1950	P. B. Sears, Charles Darwin, the naturalist as a cultural force.
1955	William Irvine, Apes, Angels and Victorians.
1955	Dorothy Laird, Charles Darwin. Naturalist.
1959	Arthur Keith, Darwin revalued.
1963	G. de Beer, Charles Darwin, evolution by natural selection.
1966	Julian Huxley and H. B. D. Kettlewell, Darwin and his world.
1970	P. J. Vorzimmer, Charles Darwin: the years of controversy.
1970	Marshall, A. J., Darwin and Huxley in Australia.
1973	Hull, D. L., Darwin and his critics.
1977	Mea Allan, Darwin and his flowers. The key to natural selection.
1981	Brent, Peter, Charles Darwin: a man of enlarged curiosity.
1981	Parodiz, J. J., Darwin in the New World.
1982	George, Wilma, Darwin.
1982	Howard, Jonathan, Darwin.
1985	Clark, R. W., The survival of Darwin.
1985-	Burkhardt, F. and Smith, S., Editors, The correspondence of Charles Darwin.
1985	Burkhardt, F. and Smith, S., Editors, A calendar of the correspondence.
	BOOKS, DEDICATED BY CD:
1845	Journal of researches, 2nd ed. 1845 and later to Charles Lyell.
1877	Forms of flowers, 1877 to Asa Gray.
	BOOKS, DEDICATED TO CD:
1854	Hooker, J. D., Himalayan journals, 2 vols, 1854.
1861	Grant, R. E., Tabular view of the primary divisions of the animal kingdom, 1861.
1879	Moseley, H. N., Notes of a naturalist on the "Challenger", 1879.
	Wallace, A. R., Malay archipelago
1870	Orton, James, The Andes and the Amazon; or across the continent of South America, 1870.
1877	Ludwig, R. A. B. A., Fossile Crocodiliden, 1877.
1881	Wise, J. R.de C., The first of May, a fairy masque, 1881.
	BOOKS, FICTION:
1867	Waugh, Edwin, Benjamin Brierley et al. The Lancashire wedding or Darwin moralized, 1867 (a play).
1936	Baker, Ethel Winifred, Miss Ann Green of Clifton, 1936 (a novel).
1980	Stone, Irving, The Origin: a biographical novel of Charles Darwin, 1980.
1982	Ward, Peter, The adventures of Charles Darwin: a story of the Beagle voyage, 1982 (an illustrated children's story).
	BOOKS, STATISTICS:
	CD reckoned that he had made £10,248 from his books by the end of 1881.
	His Murrays totalled 94,000 copies sold at the time of his death, of which 15,000 were Journal of researches in which he had no copyright.
	He made about 2s 6d per copy sold excluding Journal.

	DEATH AND FUNERAL:
	The first coffin "all rough, just as it left the bench, no polish, no nothing, just as he wanted it"—John Lewis q.v, the village carpenter at Downe, for two years a page at Down House. Lewis put CD into it, but CD was transferred to a white oak one in which he was buried. The plain one was sold to "a young chap that kept a beerhouse out at Farnborough". I gathered that the coffin is still in the "beerhouse". "Darwin laid in that coffin thirty-one and a half hours exactly. I put him in myself"—Zoologist 1909 p. 120, from Evening News 1909, Feb. 12—see also S. Maxwell Just beyond London 1927 pp. 105-6. Maxwell relates a tale of an old man of 87 who had helped to put CD into the first coffin and transferring him to the second by "fitful moonlight". The beerhouse was The New Inn, Rocks Bottom, Farnborough; not seen since 1925—Colp, J. Hist. Med. 35:59-63, 1980.
1882	CD was the first and only naturalist to be buried in Westminster Abbey.
Apr. 21	Letter to the Dean, G. G. Bradley, on House of Commons paper—"Very Rev. Sir, We hope you will not think we are taking a liberty if we venture to suggest that it would be acceptable to a very large number of our countrymen of all classes and opinions that our illustrious countryman Mr. Darwin should be buried in Westminster Abbey, We remain your obedient servants", signed by Lubbock and nineteen other MPs.
	The Dean was abroad and replied by telegram "Oui sans aucune hésitation regrette mon absence".
Apr. 25	Mon., pm. CD's body was carried from Down House, in a hearse drawn by four black horses, accompanied by Francis, Leonard and Horace D. Vigil in St Faith's Chapel, where they were joined by William and George D. The undertakers were T. & W. Banting—The Times, Apr. 26.
Apr. 26	Wednesday at noon, the mourners invited for 11 am.
	Service conducted by Canon George Prothero, Senior Canon.
	Pallbearers, to left of body, Lubbock, Huxley, J. R. Lowell (as American Ambassador), Duke of Devonshire (as Chancellor of Cambridge), Wallace, to right of body, Canon Farrar (Rector of St Margaret's Westminster), Hooker, W. Spottiswoode (as President of Royal Society), Earl of Derby, Duke of Argyll.
	Chief Mourner William Erasmus D, followed by thirty-one relatives, including all surviving children, servants Parslow and Jackson at rear followed by representatives of scientific bodies.
	ED not present.
	Queen Victoria in Council was represented by Earl Spencer, the President.
	Ambassadors of France, Germany, Italy, Russia and Spain were present.
	There is a printed list of mourners, one copy of which is marked by George Howard D "very erroneous".
	There are manuscript lists by George Howard D at Cambridge including one of "Personal Friends invited" with 108 names "and other old servants and inhabitants of Down".
	Anthem specially composed by Sir Frederick Bridge "Happy is the man that findeth wisdom, and the man that getteth understanding"—Proverbs iii 13, 15-16 omitting 14.
May 1	Memorial Service: Westminster Abbey, sermon by Harvey Goodwin, Bishop of Carlisle. The Archbishop of Canterbury, A. C. Tait, had withdrawn at short notice—H. D. Rawnsley, Harvey Goodwin, 223-225, 1896.
1915	Nov. 1. Memorial to Wallace placed next to that for CD, Westminster Abbey.

	DEGREES:
1831	Cambridge	Apr. 26 B. A., 10th in list of candidates who did not seek honours.
1837	Cambridge	MA.
1862	Breslau	Hon.D.Med.and Chirurg.
1868	Bonn	Hon.D.Med.and Chirurg.
[1870	Oxford	Jun. 17, CD declined Hon.DCL, on grounds of ill health.]
1875	Leyden	Hon.MD.
1877	Cambridge	Nov. 17, Hon. LL.D.
	DESCENDANTS:
	CD had 25 great-grandchildren—Erasmus Darwin Barlow, Zoo Newsletter Autumn 1980, on his appointment as Secretary of Zoo p. 1. Those that were known in 1978 are listed here in order of their parents seniority:
1.	Gwendolen Mary, daughter of Sir George, married J. Raverat, had at least 2 daughters.
		One daughter Sophie was in 1980 Mrs Gurney, previously Pryor.
		There was also at least one great-great-grandchild Anne, who was 5 before 1952.
2.	Sir Charles Galton D, had 4 sons 1 daughter.
		George Pember D is eldest and head of family.
		Henry Galton D, 1929-, married Jane Sophie Christie, 3 daughters. WH.
		Francis William D, of Kings Coll. London, zoologist.
3.	Margaret Elizabeth, 1890-1974, married 1917 Sir Geoffrey Langdon Keynes 1887-1982, FBA 1981, 4 sons:
	1.	Richard Darwin K, 1919- , FRS 1959, married 1945 Hon. Anne Pinsent Adrian. 4 sons (1 deceased by 1979).
	2 or 3	Quentin.
	3 or 2	Dr Milo.
	4	Stephen John, 1927- , married 1955 Mary Knatchbull-Hugesson. 3 sons, 2 daughters. WH.
4.	William Robert, son of Sir George, married 1894 Monica Slingsby. 2 sons, 1 daughter.
5.	Bernard Richard Meirion, son of Sir Francis by 1st marriage. 1 son, 2 daughters:
	1.	Sir Robert Vere, twice married, s.p.
	2.	Ursula Frances Elinor, no further information.
	3.	Nicola Mary Elizabeth.
6.	Frances Crofts, poet, daughter of Sir Francis by second marriage, married Francis Macdonald Cornford, 1874-1943. 3 sons, 2 daughters.
		One of whom was Francis Cornford, poet.
7.	Ruth Frances, married W. Rees Thomas, s.p.
8.	Emma Nora, married 1911 Sir James Allen Noel Barlow, Bart. 4 sons, 1 daughter:
	1.	Sir Thomas Erasmus, 1914- , RN retd, DSC, DL, 3rd Bart 1968, married 1955 Isabel Body. 2 sons, 2 daughters:
		1. James Alan, 1956-
		2. Monica Ann, 1958-
		3. Philip Thomas, 1960-
		4. Teresa Mary, 1963-
	2.	Erasmus Darwin, 1915- , physician, psychiatrist, married 1938 Brigit Ursula Hope Black. 1 son, 2 daughters:
		1. Thomas Jeremy Erasmus, 1939- , married 1962 Jane Hollowood. 1 son:
		1. Josiah Bernard, 1973- .
		2. Camilla Ruth, 1942- , married 1 1965 diss. 1973 Martin Christopher Mitchelson 1 son:
		1. Luke Thomas, 1966- .
		married 2 1974 Stuart Anthony Whitworth-Jones. 1 daughter:
		1. Eleanor Gwen 1975- .
		3. Gillian Phyllida, 1944 (4 Apr.)- , married Fabian Peake, has children.
	3.	Andrew Dalmahoy, 1916- , married Yvonne Tanner. 1 son, 1 daughter:
		1. Martin Thomas, 1953-
		2. Claire, 1954.
	4.	Hilda Horatia, 1919- , married 1944 John Hunter Padel. 3 sons, 2 daughters:
		1. Ruth Sophia, 1946-
		2. Oliver James, 1948-
		3. Nicola Mary, 1951-
		4. Felix John, 1955-
		5. Adam Frederick, 1958-.
	5.	Horace Basil 1921- , FRS 1969, married 1954 Ruthala Chattie Salaman, diss. 4 daughters:
		1. Rebecca Nora, 1956-
		2. Natasha Helen, 1958-
		3. Naomi Jane, 1963-
		4. Emily Anne, 1967-
	EPONYMS:
	Gathered under this heading are an anatomical feature, animals, institutions, monuments, places and plants in which "Darwin" referring to CD occurs. In most, the association is obvious and the great majority relate to the Beagle voyage. In a few, particularly amongst the place names, the connection is obscure and may not relate to CD. The plant genus Darwinia relates to Erasmus D [I] q.v. There are doubtless many street names, of which there are five in London alone; these have been ignored.
	Anatomical feature:
	Tubercle, = Tuberculum Darwini = Darwin's peak; a cartilaginous prominence on fold of pinna of human ear in some—Jessie Dobson 2ed. 1962 p. 52.

[page] 82

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882, EPONYMS, continued.
	Animals named after; the orthography of the specific names has been modernized:
	Agonum darwini Van Dyke, a ground beetle.
	Alleloplasis darwini Waterhouse, a bug of the family Derbidae.
	Amblyomma darwini Hurst and Hurst 1910, an ixodid tick from St Paul's Rocks, also through some confusion from Galapagos Is; first from unnamed bird, second from marine iguana; only known from CD's specimens.
	Amphisbaena darwini Duméril and Bibron, a legless lizard.
	Astarte darwini Forbes, a bivalve mollusc.
	Attus darwini White, a jumping spider.
	Bulimus darwini Pfeiffer, a land snail.
	Callimicra darwini Hespenheide 1980, a buprestid beetle, the unique specimen was collected by CD at Bahia, Brazil.
	Calosoma darwinia van Dyke, a ground beetle.
	Carabus darwini Hope, a ground beetle.
	Chthamalus darwini Bosquet, a fossil barnacle from the Chalk.
	Coenonympha darwiniana Staudinger 1871, a pearly heath, Satyridae, European Alps.
	Colymbetes darwini Babington, a water beetle.
	Cossyphus darwini Jenyns, a wrasse.
	Crocodilus darwini Ludwig, a tertiary fossil crocodile.
	Cubinia darwini Gray, a gecko.
	Cyrtophium darwini Bate 1860, an amphipod crustacean = Platophium darwini (Bate) = Podocerus variegatus Leach.
	Darwin's finches; the sub-family Geospizinae, family Fringillidae, Galapagos Islands; coined by Robert T. Orr, 1942 Bull. N.Y. Zool. Soc. 45:42-45; used by David Lack, 1944 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., pt. 5, No. 53 and title of his book 1947; almost all the Beagle specimens were collected by others, not by CD.
	Darwin's rail, Coturnicops notata, Rallidae, Guyana to southern Argentine.
	Darwin's rhea, Pterocnemia pennata, Argentine, Chile, Patagonia.
	Darwin's tanager, Thraupis bonariensis darwini, Ecuador to northern Chile.
	Darwinea Bate 1856, ampipod crustacean, nom. nud. = Darwinia Bate 1857.
	Darwinella J. F. T. Muller 1865, horny sponges. Fritz Müller. Schultz's Arkiv für Mikr. Anat. vol. 1, p. 344. (Sponge).
	Darwinella G. S. Brady and Robertson, D., Ann. & Mag. N. H. ser. 4, vol. 9, p. 50. Nom. nov. for Polycheles Brady and Robertson 1870, non Heller, 1862. (Origin of name not stated, but with little doubt Charles D.). 1872, ostracod crustaceans for Polycheles Brady and Robertson 1870 nec Heller 1862 = Darwinula T. R. Jones.
	Darwinella Enderlein 1912, tenebrionid beetles. K. Svensk. Vetensakad. Handl. (n.s.) 48, no. 3, p. 14. (Coleoptera).
	Darwinhydrus Sharp 1882, dytiscid water beetles. Trans. Roy. Dublin Soc. (ser. 2) vol. 2, p. 373. (Coleoptera).
	Darwinia C. S. Bate 1857, gammarid amphipod crustaceans. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 2) vol. 19, p. 141. (Crustacea: Darwinea Bate 1856, nom. nud). Origin of name not stated.
	Darwinia Dybowski, 1873. Arch. Naturk. Liv-, Ehst- und Kuhl. Dorpat (I), vol. 5, p. 336, 404. (Coelenterate). 1874, fossil anthozoan coelenterates.
	Darwinia Pereyaslawzew 1880, turbellarian flatworms. 1880 in Brandt, Zool. Anz. 3 (no. 53) p. 186 nom. nud.: 1892 Sapiski Nowoross Obschtsch. vol. 17 (3), p. 230 + iv. (Turbellarian).
	Darwinia Schultze 1865, fossil sponges. Verh. Ver. Rheinlande vol. 22, S.B., p. 7. (Sponge).
Darwinius masillae, a primate-like fossil species of the genus Adapiformes.
	Darwinomyia J. R. Malloch 1922, muscid dipterans. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 9) vol. 9, p. 277 (Diptera) "a striking genus" partly based on material collected by CD at Port Famine and at Valparaiso.
	Darwinornis Moreno and Mercerat, fossil birds. 1891. Ann. Mus. La Plata (Pal. Argent. 1), p. 60. (Bird).
	Darwinornithidae Moreno and Mercerat, family of fossil birds for Darwinornis, Order Stereornithes.
	Darwinula T. R. Jones 1885, ostracod crustaceans, mostly Pleistocene fossils, one living species D. stevensoni, no males known, for Darwinella Brady and Robertson 1872 nec Müller 1865. Q. J. Geol. Soc. vol. 41, p. 346, 1885, Nom. nov. for Darwinella B. + R. non Müller, F, 1865. (Ostracod).
	Darwinulidae Brady and Norman 1889, ostracod crustaceans, mostly Pleistocene; Darwinellidae Brady, Crosskey and Robertson 1874 is a synonym.
	Diplolaemus darwini Bell, an iguana.
	Docema darwini Mutchler, a beetle of the family Hydrophilidae.
	Dorcus darwini Hope, a stag beetle.
	Felis darwini Martin=F. yaguarundi Desmarest. Jaguarondi or eyra, a race of Felis (Herpailurus) yagouaroundi, South America to Texas.
	Fissurella darwini Reeve, a keyhole limpet.
	Foenus darwini Westwood, an ichneumonid wasp.
	Galapagodacnum darwini Blair, a plant beetle of the family Chrysomelidae.
	Geochelone darwini (Van Denburgh), a giant tortoise, James Island, Galapagos = Testudo darwini.
	Gryphaea darwini Forbes in d'Orbigny, a fossil oyster = Ostraea darwini.
	Herpailurus darwini (Martin) = Felis darwini, a race of F. yagouaroundi.
	Hesperomys darwini Wagner in Schreber, a cricetine rodent.
	Hydroporus darwini Babington, a water beetle.
	Idiocephalus darwini Saunders, a chrysomelid beetle.
	Labidocera darwini Lubbock 1853, a calanid copepod crustacean; Sir John Lubbock's first paper in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Jan; CD lent material.
	Leiolaemus darwini (Bell) Gray, an iguana.
	Mactra darwini Sowerby in CD, a bivalve mollusc.
	Mastotermes darwinianus Froggatt, a primitive termite, named after Port Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
	Migadops darwini Waterhouse, a carabid beetle.
	Monophora darwini Agassiz, a fossil sea urchin.
	Mus (Phyllotis) darwini Waterhouse, a cricetine rodent.
	Mylodon darwini Owen, a fossil giant sloth. South America.
	Mytilus darwinianus d'Orbigny, a fossil mussel.
	Nesoryzomys darwini Osgood 1929, a cricetine rodent, Academy Bay, Indefatigable Is, Galapagos, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. 17:23.
	Nothura darwini, a tinamou from South America; is the only bird name of Darwin given as valid in Gruson 1976 A checklist of the birds of the world, according to Wilma George J. Soc. Biblphy Nat. Hist 9:508, 1980.
	Nyctelia darwini Waterhouse, a heteromeran beetle.
	Odontoscelis darwini Waterhouse, a pentatomid bug.
	Ostraea darwini Forbes in d'Orbigny, as Gryphaea, a fossil oyster.
	Ovis darwini Przewalski 1883, a subspecies of O. ammon L., an argali with fine horns, northern China and central Mongolia.

[page] 83

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882, EPONYMS, Animals, continued.
	Pecten darwinianus d'Orbigny, a scallop.
	Pholas darwini Sowerby, a piddock bivalve mollusc.
	Phyllodactylus darwini, a gecko, Galapagos.
	Phyllotis darwini Waterhouse 1837, a pericote or leaf-eared mouse, a cricetine rodent from South America, type of the genus.
	Platophium darwini (Bate 1860), an amphipod crustacean = Cyrtophium darwini Bate 1860 = Podocerus variegatus Leach.
	Pleurodema darwini Bell, a tree-frog.
	Polycladus darwini Diesing, a flatworm.
	Proctotretus darwini Bell, an iguanid lizard.
	Pterocnemia darwini (Gould 1837), Darwin's rhea, junior synonym for P. pennata (d'Orbigny 1834).
	Rhea darwini Gould, the southern rhea.
	Rhinoderma darwini Duméril and Bibron, a dwarf frog.
	Sclerostomus darwini Burmeister.
	Spirifer darwini Morris in Strzelecki, a fossil brachiopod.
	Tanagra darwini Gould, Darwin's tanager.
	Taraguira darwini Gray, an iguana.
	Testudo darwini Van Denburgh = Geochelone darwini, a giant tortoise, Galapagos Is, James I.
	Thraupis bonariensis darwini (Gould), Darwin's tanager, blue and yellow tanager; Tanagra darwini is a junior synonym.
	Turbonilla darwiniensis Laseron, small turk's head gastropod.
	Institutions:
1964	Darwin College, Cambridge: 1964 Jul. 28 founded for postgraduate and postdoctorate students. First buildings were conversions of Newnham Grange and the Old Granary, home of Sir George Howard D.
1931	"Darwin College". Occurs with "Huxley College" in Marx Brothers film Monkey business 1931.
1970	Darwin College, University of Kent, at Canterbury; a student residence opened 1970.
1959	Darwin Foundation. A USA organization, founded 1959, which runs the Darwin Research Station, see Galapagos.
1964	"Darwin Institut (institutea)", of "Heieiei" (German), "Hy-yi-yi" (English), an imaginary country, destroyed Oct. 1957, in "Harald Stumpke" Bau und Leben der Rhinogradentia, Stuttgart 1964; "Stumpke" is pseudonym for Gerolf Steiner, Heidelberg Univ.
1960	Darwin Lecture, in human biology, under the auspices of Eugenics Society and Institute of Biology, London; annually 1960- .
1906	Darwin-Wallace Medal, Linnean Society of London, first struck 1906, designed by Frank Bowcher. 1908, to Wallace, Hooker, Haeckel, Weismann, Strasburger, F. Galton, Ray Lankester, in that order.
1890	Darwin Medal, Royal Society; first struck 1890. Effigy reduced from a medallion by Allen Wyon. First awarded 1890, "in the field in which Charles Darwin himself laboured". Biennial with British or foreign recipients. Awarded to Wallace 1890, Hooker 1892, Huxley 1894. In 1885 the Committee of the International Fund transferred to the Society the balance of the fund in trust—Yearbook 1968.
1882	Darwin Memorial Fund: Committee set up 1882 May 16, with W. Spottiswoode PRS in Chair. 1883 Huxley took over the Chair as PRS on S's death. 1888 Printed Report, 12 pp, Spottiswoode, London, lists about 700 subscribers; £5,128 raised; £2,100 paid to Boehm for a statue at British Museum (Natural History), and a further £150 for the relief in Westminster Abbey; £9.0.6 paid to Whymper for a woodcut of a bust which illustrates Report. £2,608.8.8 remained, after expenses, some of which, although the Report does not refer to it, went to funding the Darwin medal.
1907	Darwin Museum, Moscow, founded 1907.
	Darwin Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
	Darwin Publications, Sherman Oaks, Calif.
	Darwin Publishing Company, Detroit, Michigan.
	Darwin Regatta, held each year at Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; the craft being built of empty beer cans.
	Darwin School. The village school is called after CD.
	Darwin Shipping Company Ltd. Owners of R.M.V. Darwin q.v.

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Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882, EPONYMS continued.
	Monuments:
1949	Bathurst, N.S.W. Erected 1949 to commemorate CD's visit 1836.
	Cambridge, Christ's College; green wedgwood plaque by Thomas Woolner in CD's set; another copy at American Philosophical Society.
	Cambridge, lodgings 1828 at W. Bacon, Sydney St, rebuilt as branch of Boots the Chemist, plaque CHARLES DARWIN / LIVED IN A HOUSE / ON THIS SITE / 1828.
1887	London, Westminster Abbey, plaque by Sir Joseph Boehm 1887; memorial to A. R. Wallace placed next to it 1915 Nov. 1.
1904, 1961	London, 110 Gower St, G.L.C., blue plaque erected 1904 Dec. 13 CHARLES DARWIN / NATURALIST / LIVED HERE / 1838-1842, first date was wrong, should be 1839. Present plaque, on Biological Sciences Building (1982 changed to Darwin Building), University College London, erected 1961 perpetuates error.
1981	Darwin, Inyo Co., Calif, bronze plaque erected 1981 Oct. 10 in memory of the naming circa 1875, and of Erasmus Darwin French.
	Downe Church, Kent, vertical sundial in south wall of tower with inscription below.
1888	Edinburgh, 11 Lothian St, tablet erected 1888, now vanished. Site now part of a student recreation centre.
1935	Galapagos Islands, Wreck Bay, Chatham, erected 1935; inscription by Leonard D "Charles Darwin landed on the Galapagos Islands in 1835 and his studies on the distribution of animals and plants thereon led him for the first time to consider the problem of organic evolution. Thus was started the revolution in thought on this subject which has since taken place".
1936	Darwin Tree. English oak planted at Wentworth Falls, NSW, Australia, in 1936 to commemorate CD's visit there 1836 Jan. 17.
	Places:
	Darwin Bar, Queen's Head public house, Downe, Kent, has a CD bar.
	Darwin Bay, coast of Chonos Archipelago, Aysen Province, Chile.
	Darwin Bay, southwest side of Tower Is, Galapagos Is.
	Darwin Bend, a bend in the Tasman glacier, New Zealand, where it goes round Mount Darwin.
1913	Darwin Building, Bedford College for Women, London University, at its site in Regents Park, built 1913. Destroyed by enemy action 1941. Named for Sir Leonard D, Chairman of the Council 1913-1920.
1982	Darwin Building, University College London, Biological Sciences block, renamed 1982, see Darwin Lecture theatre.
	Darwin Canyon, see Mount, King's Canyon National Park, Calif.
	Darwin Canyon, see Town, Calif.
	Cerro Darwin, see Mountain, Albemarle Is, Galapagos.
	Darwin Channel, leading to Port Aysen, Chile.
	Darwin Cordilleras, see Mountains.
	Darwin Creek, see Mount, King's Canyon National Park, Calif.
	Darwin District, Rhodesia, named after the mountain.
	Darwin Falls, see Town, Calif.
	Darwin Glacier, New Zealand, flows from Mount Darwin into Tasman glacier.
	Darwin Glacier, see Mount, Kings Canyon National Park, Calif.
	Darwin Glass, occurs abundantly at Mount D, Tasmania. ? of meteoric origin.
	Darwin Harbour, Choiseul Sound, East Falkland Is.
	Darwin Island, official Ecuadorian name of Culpepper Is., most northerly of Galapagos group.
1911	Darwin Laboratories, three at Shrewsbury School. Opened by Sir Francis D, 1911 Oct. 20.
1982	Darwin Lecture theatre, University College London. Botany theatre renamed by Richard Darwin Keynes 1982, Apr. 19; on site of No. 12 Upper Gower St.
	Darwin Mountain, Antarctica, 84.55 S, 160.58 E, above Beardmore Glacier, Ross Dependency.
1895	Darwin Mountain, California, King's Canyon National Park; named 1895; highest peak is D; others are Huxley, Spencer, Wallace, Haeckel, John Fiske, named by T. S. Solomons; 1913 Lamarck added; 1942 Mendel added; also Darwin Canyon, Creek and Glacier in same area.
	Mountain, Isla Grande, Tierra del Fuego, Chile, west of Ushuaia on Beagle Channel. 1834 CD to Emily Catherine D, "Mount Sarmiento, the highest mountain in the south, excepting!! Darwin!!"—MLi 252. But not so, Sarmiento is the higher.
	Darwin Mountain, Moon. Midway between Mare Orientale and Mare Humorum.
	Darwin Mountain, New Zealand, South Island. 18 km northeast of Mount Cook. 2561 m. Named by J. F. J. von Haast. See also Glacier.
	Darwin Mountain, Peru.
	Darwin Mountain, Rhodesia; the district is named after the mountain.
	Darwin Mountains, Magallanes-Patagonia provinces, Chile/Argentina, contain Mounts Fitz-Roy and Stokes. Also called Darwin Cordilleras.
	Port Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, named on 3rd voyage of Beagle. Town named later.
	Darwin Sound, Tierra del Fuego, Chile, continuing northwest arm of Beagle Channel.
	Darwin Spring, see town, Calif.
	Darwin Street, Shrewsbury, Shropshire; "a short street of new houses near St George's church has been called 'Darwin Street'; as yet the only public recognition of the greatest of Salopians"—Woodall p. 12, 1884; there are many other streets and roads in Great Britain so called; these have been omitted.
	Darwin Town, Choiseul Sound, East Falkland Is.
1875	Darwin Town, Inyo County, Sierra Nevada, California, USA. Now a ghost town. Resident population about 40. Originally called New Coso. Renamed 1875 by Erasmus Darwin French q.v. Also spring, canyon, falls, wash named by F. Spring does not now exist. Falls are at end of canyon and fall into wash—W. Storrs Lee Great Californian deserts 1963, Erwin G. Gudde California place names 2ed 1969.
	Darwin Town, Port Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Named from Port Darwin. Now Darwin City, capital of the Northern Territory.
1960s	The Darwin, vessel, barque, copper ore carrier. Registered and based on Swansea, late 1960s. Probably had wooden figurehead by a Mr Thomas.
1958-1973	The Darwin, vessel, Royal Mail Vessel plied between Port Stanley, Falkland Is and Buenos Aires, Monte Video. Registered Port Stanley. Overall length 235, gross tonnage 1793. 1958-1963 Falkland Islands Trading Co. Ltd, 1963-1973 Darwin Shipping Co. Ltd. 1973 name changed to Christoa K, registered Piraeus.
1984	The Darwin, vessel, Royal Research Ship. OL 69. 4 m, GT 1975, DT 2370. Complement 21 crew, 18 scientists. Belongs N.E.R.C. for geological research. Launched Appledore 1984 Feb. 22 by Prince of Wales. Stationed Barry. First cruise 1985 Aug. Replaced R.R.S. Shackleton—New Scientist Feb. 23 pp. 38-41 1984.
	Darwin Village, Uraguay, on river Beguelo, a tributary of Rio Negro, near Cerro Perico Flaco where CD collected fossils 1833.
	Darwin Volcano, see Mount.
	Darwin Wash, see Town, Calif.
	Plants:
	The following list is based on B. D. Jackson, Darwiniana, 1910, with additions and altered orthography:
	Abutilon darwini Tweedie, Malvaceae, Brazil. "Named by John Tweedie to whom Darwin was a hero"—Allan 286.
	Asterina darwini Berkeley, Fungi, Chiloe, Chile.
	Asterolampa darwini Greville=Asteromphalus darwini.
	Asteromphalus darwini Ehrenberg, Algae, Antarctica.
	Aulacodiscus darwini Pantocsek, Algae (Diatom), fossil Russia.
	Baccharis darwini Henslow, Compositae, Patagonia, Argentine.
	Berberis darwini W. J. Hooker, Berberidaceae, Chiloe, Chile, now a garden plant.
	Bonatia darwini Weale=Habenaria cassidea Reichenbach, Orchidaceae.
	Calceolaria darwini Bentham, Scrophulariaceae, Patagonia, Argentine. Grown as an alpine.

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Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882, EPONYMS, Plants, continued.
	Catasetum darwinianum Rolfe, Orchidaceae, Guiana.
	Cheilosporum darwini De-Toni, Algae, Chile.
	Chiliotrichum darwini J. D. Hooker, Compositae=Nardophyllum darwini.
	Clinopodium darwini Kuntze, Labiatae=Micromeria darwini.
	Coldenia darwini Gürke=C. dichotoma Lehmann, Boraginaceae, Charles Is., Galapagos.
	Cortinarius darwini Spegazzini, Fungi, Patagonia, Argentine.
	Cytarria darwini Berkeley, Fungi, Tierra del Fuego. Eaten by natives.
1882	Darwin auricula 1882 Apr. 25 Charles Turner named an alpine auricula strain "Charles Darwin" at Royal Agricultural Society's show—The Times, Apr. 26.
1887	Darwin clematis 1887 Apr. 25 C. Noble named a clematis strain "Darwin in memoriam" at Royal Agricultural Society Show—The Times, Apr. 26.
1834	Darwin potato 1834 Dec. CD saw and ate tubers of Solanum maglia, Solonaceae, in Chonos archipelago, Chile. Named "CD's potato" by George Nicholson, Illustrated dictionary of gardening, 1885-1889—Allan 224.
1889	Darwin tulip 1889 J. C. Lenglart of Lille raised the first and named it "Princesse Aldobrandini". He sold it to E. H. Krelage of Krelage N.V. of Haarlem who asked Francis D if he might name the strain in honour of CD.
	Tulip hybrid. Crosses between Darwin tulips q.v. and Tulipa fosteriana, a Royal Horticultural Society subdivision.
	[Darwinia Rudge 1813, Myrtaceae; about 25 species of Australian heath-like shrubs. Darwinia Rafinesque 1817 and Darwinia Dennstedt 1818 are junior homonyms. All named for Erasmus D [I].]
	Darwinothamnus Gunnar Harling, for Erigeron lancifolium J. D. Hooker, Compositae, Albemarle Is, Galapagos.
	Eugenia darwini J. D. Hooker, Myrtaceae, Chile.
	Fagelia darwini Kuntze, Scrophulariaceae=Calceolaria darwini.
	Galapagoa darwini J. D. Hooker=Coldenia darwini=Coldenia dichotoma.
	Gossypium darwini Watt, Malvaceae, Galapagos.
	Hebe darwiniana Colenso, Scrophulariaceae, New Zealand=H. glaucophylla Hort. Grown as an alpine.
	Hymenophyllum darwini W. J. Hooker, Fern, Antarctica.
	Hypocopra darwini Spegazzini, Fungi, Patagonia, Argentine.
	Laboulbenia darwini Thaxter, Fungi, Brasil.
	Laelio-Cattleya darwiniana × hort. Orchidaceae.
	Lippia darwini Spegazzini, Verbenaceae=Neosparton darwini.
	Lithophyllum darwini Foslie, Algae, South Australia.
	Micromeria darwini Bentham, Labiatae, Patagonia, Argentine=Clinopodium darwini.
	Myrtus darwini Barnéoud, Myrtaceae, Chile.
	Nardophyllum darwini A. Gray, Compositae, Patagonia=Chiliotrichum darwini.

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Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882, EPONYMS, Plants, continued.
	Nassauvia darwini O. Hoffmann and Dusén, Compositae, Tierra del Fuego, Chile.
	Neosparton darwini Bentham and J. D. Hooker, Verbenaceae, Brasil.
	Opuntia darwini Henslow, Cactaceae, Patagonia, Argentine.
	Panagyrus darwini W. J. Hooker and Arnott, Compositae=Nassauvia darwini.
	Pisonia darwini Hemsley, Nyctaginaceae, Fernando Noronha.
	Pleuropetalum darwini J. D. Hooker, Amarantaceae, Galapagos.
	Polygala darwini A. W. Benn, Polygalaceae, Patagonia, Argentine.
	Satureia darwini Briquet, Labiatae=Micromeria darwini.
	Scalesia darwini J. D. Hooker, Compositae, James Is, Galapagos.
	Senecio darwini W. J. Hooker and Arnott, Compositae, Tierra del Fuego, Chile.
	Spilanthes darwini Porter, Compositae, Galapagos (1978 Madrono 25:58).
	Torula darwini Spegazzini, Fungi, Tierra del Fuego, Chile.
	Ulota darwini Mitten, moss, Patagonia, Argentine.
	Urtica darwini J. D. Hooker, Urticaceae, Chonos Archipelago, Chile=U. megallanica Jussieu.
	Veronica darwiniana Colenso, Scrophulariaceae=Hebe darwiniana.
	Zinnia darwiniana Haage and Schmidt, Compositae=Glossogyne pinnatifida De Candolle, Compositae, Malaya.
	FINANCE:
	On the Beagle voyage, apart from kitting-out expenses, CD drew bills on his father's account through Robarts & Co. He reported a total of £735 to his father in letters to his sisters. He was on the books for victuals, but paid £50 per annum to Fitz-Roy towards the expenses of his table, £250 in all, leaving £485 for his personal expenses whilst travelling on land. The cost of his servant Covington was about £30 p.a., C being on the books for messing.
	CD kept detailed accounts from the time of his marriage, as did ED for household expenditure. These, although preserved at Down House, have not been published in full. Extracts are given in Keith, Darwin revalued, 221-223, 1955, and in Atkins, Down the home of the Darwins, 95-100, 1976.
until 1848	Until his father's death in 1848 CD was wholly dependent on him, except for ED's marriage settlement and £150 which he received for the sale of his copyright in J. Researches in 1845.
	In his early manhood years he received £400 per annum which was increased to £500 on marriage.
	ED's dowry brought £400 per annum.
1839	He had saved and invested a little, so that his total income in 1839 was £1,244.
	His father left him more than £40,000.
1859-1881	From 1859 until 1881 his books brought in a total of £10,248, an average of about £465 per annum.

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Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882, FINANCE, continued.
1845	His farm, at Beesby, Lincolnshire, was bought in 1845 for £13,592 borrowed from his father at interest of £461. 16s.10d, about 3 per cent. At that time the rent was £377, but by 1877 it had increased to £555.16.
1854 on	In 1854 CD's total income was £4,603. By 1871 it had risen to around £8,000, and it continued at this level until his death.
1873	CD's bank was Union Bank of London, Sotheby 1979 Jun. 18, lot 467, a £50 cheque to Sydney Sales.
1873	He was able to save a considerable sum each year, the highest being £4,819 in 1873.
	His investments, which were looked after by his banker son William Erasmus D, were largely in railways and government bonds.
1881	On the death of his brother Erasmus Alvey D in 1881, he inherited half of his fortune, perhaps the £9,354.19s.6d shown as extraordinary receipts in his summary of income for 1881.
1881	In that year, 1881, he had an income of £17,299.1s.4d., a bank balance of £2,968 and £165.19s.4d in hand. His expenses were £4,880.16s.6d; he invested £10,218.6s.6d. and gave £3,000 to his children.
	Rates and taxes were always small: in the sixties a little over £60 p.a., in the seventies over £70. His highest income tax was £52 in 1872.
1881	1881 Sep. 8 William Erasmus D wrote to his father that the total estate was about £282,000 and that, calculated at 7 to 12, his daughters would inherit about £34,000 and sons £53,000. See also Down House, household expenditure.

[page] 88

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882. Continued.
	GHOST:
	One of several said to haunt Downe Court, opposite Down House—A. D. H. Coxe, Haunted Britain, 79, 1973, with photograph.
	GRAVE:
1882	Westminster Abbey, "north-east corner of the nave next to that of Sir John Herschel", 7ft deep in a coffin of white oak—The Times Apr. 27 1882.
	"A few feet from the grave of Sir Isaac Newton"—LLiii 361.
1887	Memorial plaque by Sir Joseph Boehm.
	HABITS:
	The only detailed account of CD's day-to-day pattern of life is in Francis D's reminiscences of his father—LLi 108-160. This stems from his middle and later years when he had developed a rigid pattern, seldom changed even when there were visitors in the house. His own autobiography tells little about his habits, except something of his hobbies and enthusiasms. A typical day at Down House may be summarized as follows:

7am	Rose and took a short walk.
7.45am	Breakfast alone.
8-9.30am	Worked in his study; he considered this his best working time.
9.30- 10.30am	Went to drawing-room and read his letters, followed by reading aloud of family letters.

[page] 89

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882. HABITS, continued.
10.30-12 or 12.15pm	Returned to study, which period he considered the end of his working day.
12 noon	Walk, starting with visit to greenhouse, then round the sandwalk, the number of times depending on his health, usually alone or with a dog.
12.45pm	Lunch with whole family, which was his main meal of the day. After lunch read The Times and answered his letters.
3pm	Rested in his bedroom on the sofa and smoked a cigarette, listened to a novel or other light literature read by ED.
4pm	Walked, usually round sandwalk, sometimes farther afield and sometimes in company.
4.30- 5.30pm	Worked in study, clearing up matters of the day.
6pm	Rested again in bedroom with ED reading aloud.
7.30pm	Light high tea while the family dined. In late years never stayed in the dining room with the men, but retired to the drawing-room with the ladies. If no guests were present, he played two games of backgammon with ED, usually followed by reading to himself, then ED played the piano, followed by reading aloud.
10pm	Left the drawing-room and usually in bed by 10.30, but slept badly.
	Even when guests were present, half an hour of conversation at a time was all that he could stand, because it exhausted him.

	Alcohol:
	Francis D records that CD "drank very little wine, but enjoyed and was revived by the little he did drink"—LLi 118.
	However he admitted to him that "he had once drunk too much at Cambridge" as his enthusiastic membership of the Gourmet Club perhaps indicates. "Darwin had once told him [Hooker] that he had got drunk three times in early life, and thought intoxication the greatest of all pleasures"—M. E. Grant Duff, Victorian vintage, 144, 1930.
	CD's accounts show a considerable consumption of brandy and of beer at Down House, but the former was probably for guests and the latter for growing sons and the staff.

[page] 90

Research Notes on Insectivorous Plants, 1860.

[page] 91

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882. HABITS, continued.
	Hobbies and pastimes:
	CD's beetle collecting whilst at Cambridge seems to have been little more than collecting, but the techniques learnt were useful on the Beagle voyage.
	He was not good at ball games, although he records that he enjoyed bat fives whilst at Shrewsbury School.
	He played Van John (Vingt-et-un) at Cambridge a lot, but does not seem to have played cards later.
	He enjoyed watching his family play lawn tennis and billiards.
	In his youth, he was an enthusiastic shot, especially when visiting Maer and the Owens at nearby Woodhouse. He shot for the pot and for scientific need during the Beagle voyage, but gave it up entirely on his return.
	He rode for pleasure in his youth and as the only way of covering ground on inland trips from the Beagle. He took up riding again for health reasons on his quiet cob Tommy, on the recommendation of Dr Bence Jones, but rode less frequently after he had been rolled on in 1869.
	His evening recreation, other than reading, being read to and listening to ED play the piano, was backgammon. He and ED played two games every evening when they were alone. He won most games, she most gammons. 1876 Jan. 28 CD to Gray records 5285 games played—EDii 221.
	Tobacco:
	CD started taking snuff when he was a student at Edinburgh and continued to do so, finding it a stimulant. He smoked a few cigarettes when travelling with gauchos in South America, and restarted late in life when he was relaxing.

Charles Darwin's Full Signature 1854.

	HANDWRITING:
	CD's handwriting, even at its best, is notoriously difficult to read. The specimen given above, written in 1860, is typical of his research notes, written for himself. Francis D comments of rough notes such as this that they "were almost illegible, sometimes even to himself"—LLi 119.
	Final manuscript for the press was, for many years, transcribed by the Downe schoolmaster, Ebenezer Norman, and long letters were dictated, often to ED and later to Francis D.
	He was considerate to foreign correspondents, remarking to Francis D "You'd better try to write well, as it's to a foreigner"—LLi 119.
	His formal signature was "Charles Darwin", as in the example given above, from the Maull & Fox photograph of 1854, but on letters he often signed "Ch. Darwin". He seems seldom to have used his second initial.—Darwin, C. R. 1877. [Letter of thanks, dated 12 February.] In Harting, P., Testimonial to Mr Darwin—Evolution in the Netherlands. Nature 15 (8 March): 410-412. F1776.

[page] 92

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882. Continued.
	HEALTH:
	A great deal has been written on CD's ill-health, but it is all guesswork based on what he himself wrote in his autobiography and on a few remarks by Francis D in LLi ch. 3. No case notes from any of the physicians he consulted have ever been published, nor, so far as is recorded, was an autopsy carried out at his death.
	Barlow, in her edition of the Autobiography, 240-243, 1958, gives an appendix on the subject with the main references. She concludes that the following causes have been suggested "Appendicitis, a duodenal ulcer, pyorrhea, or the damaging effects of sea-sickness during the voyage; but recent emphasis has been in the direction of neurotic or psychotic causes".
	Other suggestions have been Chagas disease and a toxic state arising from bad medication. De Beer, Charles Darwin, 114-117, 1963, puts most weight on Chagas disease, but Woodruff, The Times, Dec. 17, 1963, refutes this suggestion on the grounds that the symptoms were not at all typical. See 1971 J. H. Winslow, Darwin's Victorian malady, Philadelphia, 1971. R. Colp, To be an invalid: the illness of Charles Darwin, Chicago, 1977.
	CD does not refer to any illnesses in childhood or youth and he lived an active and outdoor life.
1831	His first entry of illness is for 1831 Oct.-Dec., just before the Beagle sailed "I was also troubled with palpitation and pain about the heart, and like many a young ignorant man, especially one with a smattering of medical knowledge, was convinced that I had heart disease. I did not consult any doctor".—LLi 64.
1834	During the voyage, apart from a few minor accidents, some mild fever and continuing sea-sickness, he had only one serious illness. This was at Valparaiso, 1834 Sep. 19 until the end of October. Sep. 19 "During the day I felt very unwell". He reached Valparaiso on 27th "with great difficulty", "and was there confined to my bed till the end of October". J. Researches, 1845, 268-269.
	For most of the voyage he was fit and lived an extremely energetic life.
1839-1842	During his residence in London, 1839-1842, "I did less scientific work", "This was due to frequent recurring unwellness, and to one long serious illness"—LLi 69. Again he gives no symptoms.
	When he had moved to Down House, he explained that after entertaining company "my health almost always suffered from the excitement, violent shivering attacks and vomiting being thus brought on"—LLi 79. This condition continued for the rest of his life, although the attacks seem to have been less frequent or less violent in his later years.
1881, 1882	During Dec. 1881 he began to suffer anginal pains which became more frequent in Feb.-Mar. 1882. He had a severe attack with fainting on Apr. 18. Francis D records his father's last words, on 18th, as "I am not afraid to die"—LLiii 358.

[page] 93

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882. Continued.
	HOMES:
until 1836	CD's home was his father's house, The Mount, Shrewsbury, until after his return from the Beagle voyage in 1836.
	He was however away for much of the year whilst an undergraduate student at Edinburgh, and Cambridge, and for almost five years when on the Beagle.
	On his return, he stayed in Cambridge with Henslow and then in lodgings in Fitzwilliam St, and in London with his brother Erasmus Alvey D at 43 Great Marlborough St.
1837	In 1837, Mar. 13, he took furnished rooms at 36 Great Marlborough St with his secretary servant Syms Covington: this house can perhaps be regarded as his first personal home.
1838-1842	After his engagement to ED, he rented a furnished house, 12 Upper Gower St, into which he moved in 1838, Dec. 31, and where he and his bride took up residence the day after their wedding, 1839, Jan. 30. They lived there until 1842, Sep.
1842-1882	On 14th ED moved to Down House and CD followed on 17th. There they lived for the rest of their lives, although from 1882 ED spent the winters in Cambridge. The following list summarizes CD's homes and dates:

1809 Feb. 12-1837 Mar. 13	The Mount, Shrewsbury.
1825 Oct. 22-1827 Apr. 23	11 Lothian St, Edinburgh, in term time.
1828 Jan.-1831 Jun.	Christ's College, Cambridge, in term time.
1831 Dec. 10-1836 Oct. 2	HMS Beagle.
1837 Mar. 13-1838 Dec. 30	36 Great Marlborough St, London.
1838 Dec. 31-1842 Sep. 16	12 Upper Gower St, London.
1842 Sep. 17-1882 Apr. 19	Down House, Downe, Kent.

[page] 94

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882. Continued.
	ICONOGRAPHY:
Portraits in CD's lifetime in date order:
1.	1818	aet. 7/8	Rolinda Sharples	pastel.
2.	1840	Mar. 30	George Richmond	water colour.
3.	1842	Aug. 32	?	photograph.
4.	1850	41/42	T. H. Maguire	lithograph from life.
5.	1853	43/44	Samuel Laurence	chalk drawing
6.	1854	44/45	Maull & Polyblank	albumen photograph.
7.	1864	54/55	London Stereoscopic	photograph.
8.	1866	56/57	Vincent Brooks	lithograph (bearded).
9.	1868	Aug. 59	Margaret Cameron	photographs.
10.	1869	Nov. 60	Thomas Woolner	marble bust.
11.	1871	61/62	O. G. Rejlander	photograph.
12.	1874	64/65	Leonard Darwin	photograph.
13.	1875	65	W. W. Ouless	oil.
14.	1878	68/69	Marian Huxley	pencil.
15.	1873-80?	60s	Louisa Ann Nash	ink wash.
16.	1879	Jun. 70	W. B. Richmond	oil.
17.	1880	summer 71	Elliot & Fry	photograph.
18.	1881	Aug. 72	John Collier	oil.

	Portraits taken from life include one bust, three oils, one each water colour, pastel, chalk, inkwash, and pencil.
	There is one print, a lithograph, a number of photographs and many caricatures.
1882-1909	There are at least fifteen further works in three dimensions ranging from full-scale statues to heads for medallions which were not taken from life, but made between his death and the 1909 celebrations of his birth. These are listed below, but the artists are also entered in the main sequence.
1909	The most comprehensive exhibition of portraits and related material was that at Christ's College Cambridge. This was held in the summer of the centenary year, 1909.
	A similar exhibition, with some of the same material, was held at the British Museum (Natural History) in that autumn. There are printed catalogues of both.
	Three dimensions:
1 1869	Bust by Thomas Woolner, now in Botany School Cambridge. 1868 Nov. CD sat for. Francis D comments "It has a certain air, almost of pomposity, which seems to me foreign to my father's expression"—LLiii 106.
2 1883	Statue in stone by Sir Joseph Boehm, at British Museum (Natural History). 1885 Jun. 9 unveiled by Huxley in presence of Prince of Wales. B was paid £2,100 for it.
3 1883	Statuette by Sir Joseph Boehm. From No. 2, about half size.
4 1887	Bust in terracotta by Sir Joseph Boehm, 24". Copy in National Portrait gallery. See also No. 34.
5 1887	Deep medallion by Sir Joseph Boehm, in Westminster Abbey. B was paid £150 for it.
6 1905	Statue in stone, seated, by Horace Mountford, outside Old School, Shrewsbury. There is a life-size plaster cast of this.
7 ?1905	Statuette in bronze by Horace Mountford, based on No. 6. Copies were for sale in 1909.
8 1905	Bust by Horace Mountford, 27½″, based on No. 7. Copy in terracotta in National Portrait Gallery. 1909 a copy in plaster was with the artist. Copy in plaster was in UCL Statistics until 1981, Zoology 1982- .
9	Before 1887 but not from life. Bust by Christian Wilhelm Jacob Lehr, at University Museum Oxford.
10	1885 or before but not from life. Plaque by Thomas Woolner, in green Wedgwoodware. Copy in CD's set at Christ's College Cambridge; another at American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.

[page] 95

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882. ICONOGRAPHY, continued.
11 1882	Medallion in bronze by Allan Wyon. The Royal Society's Darwin Medal was reduced from this; the die made in 1890. There is an electrotype from the original wax at British Museum (Natural History).
12 1909 or before	Medallion in bronze by Horace Mountford.
13 1909 or before	Medallion in bronze by William Rothenstein.
14 1909	Bust in bronze by William Couper of New York, at Christ's College Cambridge. Presented by USA delegates to 1909 centenary celebrations.
15 No date	Statue by H. R. Hope-Pinker, at University Museum, Oxford; model for at Down House. Presented by E. B. Poulton.
16 No date	Bust by Charles L. Hartwell, at Down House. Commissioned by Joseph Leidy. Inscription reads "Presented by Dr. Joseph Leidy II of Philadelphia, to the British Nation in memory of those American naturalists who came to the support of Charles Darwin upon the publication of 'The origin of species' in 1859".
	Oils:
17 1875	By Walter William Ouless. CD sat for in Feb.-Mar. In family; 1883 copy by the artist at Christ's College Cambridge. Engraved by Paul Rajon, No. 29. Francis D's opinion "Mr. Ouless's portrait is, in my opinion, the finest representation of my father that has been produced"—LLiii 195.
18 1879	By Sir William Blake Richmond. CD sat for in Jun. Copy by the artist in the family. Cambridge Philosophical Society. Subscribed for by members of the University, £400 being raised. CD is in his Hon.LL.D. robes. ED's opinion in 1881 Oct. "The red picture, and I thought it quite horrid, so fierce and so dirty". Francis D's opinion "according to my own view, neither the attitude nor the expression are characteristic of my father"—LLiii 222.
19 1881	By Hon. John Collier. CD sat for in Aug. At Linnean Society and commissioned by them. 1883 copy by the artist, presented 1896 to National Portrait Gallery by William Erasmus D. Francis D's opinion "many of those who knew his face most intimately think that Mr. Collier's picture is the best of the portraits"—LLiii 223. Copy at Royal Society by Mabel J. B. Messer 1912, purchased 1916.

[page] 96

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882. ICONOGRAPHY, continued.
20 1816	Water colours and drawings:
	Pastel of CD with his sister Emily Catherine. Reproductions always describe it as by "Sharples", perhaps Rolinda Sharples (died 1838); not her father James S who died in 1811. In the family.
21 ?1840	Pencil sketch for No. 22 by George Richmond. Found in cellars of Botany School Cambridge in 1929.
22 ?1840	Water colour by George Richmond. Unsigned but note on back of frame reads March 1840. In the family.
23 1853	Chalk drawing by Samuel Laurence, a sketch for No. 24.
24 1853	Chalk drawing by Samuel Laurence. In the family.
25	Between 1873 and 1880 Washed India ink by Louisa Ann Nash. Owned by L. A. N's grand-daughter at Corvallis, Oregon. This is the only picture of CD done in his lifetime which is in USA.
26 1878	Pencil sketch, 7″×5″, by Marian Huxley, in National Portrait Gallery. Signed with a monogram MH.
	Prints:
27 ?1850	Lithograph by T. H. Maguire. Printed by M. & N. Hanhart. Ipswich Museum British Association Portraits. Lithograph signature of CD below and blind stamp of Ipswich Museum. CD is seated in a Down study chair. This is the only print in any form from life. See also George Ransome.
28 1874	Steel engraving by C. H. Jeens, from Rejlander photograph No. 40. For Nature, Lond. Jun. 4. Frontispiece, Charles Darwin memorial notices, 1882.
29 ?1875	Copper engraving by Paul Rajon, from Ouless oil No. 17. There is a proof at American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.
30 1884	Wood engraving by G. Kruell, from Maull & Fox photograph, the profile, No. 43, for Harper's Mag., Oct.
31 1882	Wood engraving from Leonard D photograph, No. 41, for Century Mag., Jan.
32 1883	Copper engraving by Leopold Flameng, from Collier portrait, No. 19. Copies are dated March 10, Fine Art Society (Limited) London, and have engraved signatures of artist and engraver.
33 1887	Wood engraving by G. Kruell, from Elliott & Fry photograph, No. 43, for Frontispiece LLiii.
34	1886 or 1887 Wood engraving by Edward Whymper, from Boehm bust, No. 4.

[page] 97

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882. ICONOGRAPHY, continued.
	Photographs:
35 1842	Aug. 23. Photographer unknown. CD with first child William Erasmus D. A studio portrait with drop background.
36 circa 1854	Maull & Polyblank. Maull & Polyblank became Maull & Fox before 1884.
a.	Profile to third waistcoat button or to knees, seated in bentwood chair, fancy waistcoat and trousers; long available as a commercial photogravure.
b.	Full face, dark embroidery waistcoat and dark trousers; also available as a commercial photogravure but less often seen. The two versions were probably taken at the same session because the table and drapes are the same.
	P. M. Pollack Cat. 28 item 123, 1981 Mar. offers an albumen print signed Maull & Polyblank titled Charles Darwin M.A., V.P.R.S. &c. Freeman copy of the fancy waistcoat one made in 1912 has facsimile of CD's signature and date 1854. Pollack's is in fancy waistcoat.
37 circa 1864	London Stereoscopic Co. There are at least three versions of these pairs.
38 1868	Aug. Julia Margaret Cameron; taken at Freshwater, Isle of Wight.
a.	Profile.
b.	Almost full face. Authentic copies should be signed by Mrs Cameron and bear Colnaghi's blind authentication stamp. CD's opinion of "I like this photograph very much better than any other which has been taken of me"—LLiii 92, but he does not say which one.
39 circa 1868	CD on his cob Tommy.
40 circa 1870	O. G. Rejlander, a profile facing right. See No. 28.
41 circa 1874	Leonard D, CD sitting in a basket chair on verandah at Down House. A version of this printed on china was shown at Christ's College exhibition of 1909.
42 ?1878	Lock & Whitfield, Men of Mark, 3rd ser., 1878. A half-face head and shoulders; reproduced on free end paper of Eiseley, Darwin's century, 1958. This photograph is not otherwise recorded.
43 circa 1880	Elliott & Fry.
a.	On verandah at Down House in cloak and hat with round crown; Version a, at least, was long available as a commercial photogravure.
b.	Same place but without cloak or hat. British Museum (Natural History) exhibition of 1909 showed four versions of this photographic session.
	Caricatures:
	There are many of these and no list has ever appeared.
1871	The best known, and that most often reproduced is "Natural Selection" by Carlo Pellegrini, 1871, Men of the Day No. 33, Vanity Fair, Sep. 30. Pellegrini signed his caricatures "Ape" from 1869 onwards, but this is not signed. It occurred for sale in two sizes, 31 cm and 18 cm, the former much better coloured.
	Others which were shown at the Christ's College exhibition of 1909 were 1881 Punch's Fancy Portraits No. 54, after publication of Vegetable mould, Hornet, CD with Monkey body, Simplissimus, Lalune, La petite Lune, Fun, Once a week, Figaro.
	There is at least one caricature in pottery, a monkey body with CD's head.

[page] 98

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882. Continued.
	ITINERARY:
	Where CD was at any one time in his life is well documented except for the earliest years. For these the autobiographical fragment, printed in MLi 5, is the most helpful; this was probably written in 1838 when he started his personal journal.
	The journal contains only a little on the Beagle voyage, but J. Researches and Fitz-Roy's Vol. 2 of the Narrative give the details. For much of the time CD was ashore whilst the ship was surveying so that his whereabouts are by no means the same as hers.
after 1838	After 1838, all important visits from home are noticed in detail in his journal, except that some brief trips to London for a night or so may be omitted, or else he does not say where he stayed.
1842-1881	After his move to Down House in 1842 CD was away from home for a considerable part of each year. Much of the time was spent at hydropathic establishments, but there were also holidays and journeys for scientific business. From 1842 to 1881 he was away for a total of about 2000 days, exceeding 50 days in 23 of these 40 years.

1809-1812	No information about his being away from The Mount, Shrewsbury.
1813	Family summer holiday at Gros, Abergele, North Wales.
1814-1816	No information about his being away from The Mount.
1817	In the spring CD went with his sister Emily Catherine D to Mr G. Case's day school in Shrewsbury.
1818	In the summer CD went to Shrewsbury School as a boarder, stayed seven years, Dr Samuel Butler being headmaster all the time.
	Jul. CD went to Liverpool with his brother Erasmus Alvey D.
1819	Jul. Summer holiday at Plas Edwards, Towyn, North Wales.
1820	Jul. CD went on riding tour with his brother to Pistyll Rhaeadr, North Wales.
1822	Jun. CD went to Downton, Wiltshire, with sister Caroline Sarah D.
	Jul. CD went to Montgomery and Bishop's Castle, Shropshire, with sister Susan Elizabeth D.
1825	Jun. 17 left Shrewsbury School.
	Oct. 22 signed matriculation book Edinburgh University as a medical student. Lodged at 11 Lothian St.
	Oct. 26 First lecture.
1826	At Edinburgh all this year in term time.
	Jun. 15 North Wales, walking tour with N. Hubbersty, climbed Snowdon.

[page] 99

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882. ITINERARY continued.
1827	Apr. circa 24 finally left Edinburgh, toured Dundee, St Andrew's, Stirling, Glasgow, Belfast, Dublin (only visit to Ireland).
	May, end of, visited Paris with Josiah Wedgwood [II] and Caroline Sarah D (only visit to continental Europe).
	Autumn, paid many visits to Woodhouse, Shropshire, especially for the shooting.
	Sep. at Maer and visited Sir James Mackintosh.
	Oct. 15 admitted to Christ's College Cambridge, but did not go up until Lent term.
1828	Jan. went to Christ's College for Lent term and rest of academic year, lodging above W. Bacon's, tobacconist, in Sydney St, now rebuilt as Boots the Chemist.
	Summer to Barmouth, North Wales with J. M. Herbert and T. Butler for private coaching by G. A. Butterton.
	Sep. at Maer and then at Osmaston Hall, near Derby, home of William Darwin Fox.
1829	At Cambridge in term time, living in College.
	Feb. 19 two days in London to talk about beetles with F. W. Hope.
	Feb. 24 to Cambridge.
	Jun. to Barmouth with F. W. Hope.
	Jun.-Jul. Shrewsbury.
	Jul. Maer one week.
	Oct. Birmingham with Wedgwoods for music meeting.
	Oct. 16 to Cambridge.
1830	At Cambridge in term time, living in College.
	Aug. to North Wales collecting beetles and fishing.
	Nov. Cambridge, passed BA examinations.
1831	Jan. 23 to Cambridge for three months to keep terms, stayed with J. S. Henslow.
	Jun. left Cambridge at end of May term.
	Aug. to Llangollen, Ruthin, Conway, Bangor, Capel Curig, with Adam Sedgwick for geology, then alone to Barmouth.
	Sep. 1 Maer for shooting.
	Sep. 2-4 Cambridge.
	Sep. 5 London, 17 Spring Gardens.
	Sep. 9 left by Packet with Fitz-Roy for Plymouth.
	Sep. 11 arrived Plymouth to see Beagle.
	Sep. 11-13 sailing.
	Sep. 13-16 Devonport.
	Sep. 17-19 London.
	Sep. 19-21 Cambridge.
	Sep. 22 Shrewsbury.
	Oct. 2 London, 17 Spring Gardens.
	Oct. 21 Shrewsbury.
	Oct. 24 Plymouth.
	Dec. 10 sailed but put back.
	Dec. 21 sailed but put back.
	Dec. 27 sailed.
1832	Jan. 6-Feb. 8 Cape Verde Is.
	Feb. 16-17 St Paul's Rocks.
	Feb. 16-17 Beagle crossed equator, Neptune ceremonies morning 17th.
	Feb. 20 Fernando de Noronha.
	Feb. 28-Mar. 18 Bahia Blanca.
	Mar. 27 Abrolhos archipelago.
	Apr. 5-Jul. 5 Rio de Janeiro.
	Jul. 26-Aug. 19 Monte Video.
	Sep. 6-Oct. 17 Bahia Blanca.
	Nov. 2-26 Monte Video.
	Dec. 16 Tierra del Fuego.

[page] 100

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882. ITINERARY continued.
1833	-Feb. 26 Tierra del Fuego.
	Mar. 1-Apr. 6 Falkland Is.
	Apr. 28-Jul. 23 Maldonado.
	Aug. 3-Dec. 6 Rio Negro and Monte Video.
	Dec. 23-Port Desire.
1834	-Jan. 4 Port Desire.
	Jan. 9-Jan. 19 Port St Julian.
	Jan. 29-Mar. 7 Straits of Magellan via Falkland Is.
	Mar. 10-Apr. 7 Falkland Is.
	Apr. 13-May 12 Santa Cruz River.
	Jun. 28-Jul. 13 Chiloe.
	Jul. 31-Nov. 10 Valparaiso.
	Nov. 21- Chiloe.
1835	-Feb. 4 Chiloe.
	Feb. 8-22 Valdivia.
	Mar. 4-7 Concepcion.
	Mar. 11-Jul. 6 Valparaiso-Copiapo.
	Jul. 12-15 Iquique.
	Jul. 19-Sep. 7 Callao for Lima.
	Sep. 16-Oct. 20 Galapagos Is.
	Nov. 15-26 Tahiti.
	Dec. 21-30 Bay of Islands, New Zealand.
1836	Jan. 12-30 Sydney.
	Feb. 2-17 Hobart.
	Mar. 3-14 St George's Sound.
	Apr. 2-12 Cocos Keeling Is.
	Apr. 29-May 9 Mauritius.
	May 31-Jun. 18 Cape of Good Hope.
	Jul. 7-14 St Helena.
	Jul. 19-23 Ascension.
	Aug. 1-6 Bahia Blanca.
	Aug. 12-17 Pernambuco.
	Sep. 4-8 Porto Praya, Cape Verde Is.
	Sep. 20 Terceira, Azores.
	Oct. 2 Falmouth, Cornwall.
	Oct. 4 Shrewsbury.
	Oct. end of, Greenwich unloading Beagle.
	Nov. 6 London, 43 Great Marlborough St.
	Nov. circa 21 Maer.
	Dec. 2-13 London.
	Dec. 13- Cambridge, J. S. Henslow and Fitzwilliam St.
1837	-Mar. 6 Cambridge with two trips to London one on Jan. 4.
	Mar. 6-12 London, 43 Great Marlborough St.
	Mar. 13-Jun. 25 London, 36 Great Marlborough St.
	Nov. 21 Isle of Wight two-day visit to W. D. Fox.
	Nov. 23 London.
1838	May 10 Cambridge three days.
	Jun. 23 London to Leith by steamer, Edinburgh one day Salisbury Crags, Loch Leven, Glen Roy eight days, Glasgow, Liverpool.
	Jul. 12 Overton-on-Dee, Flintshire one night.
	Jul. 13-31 Shrewsbury and Maer.
	Aug. 1 to London.
	Oct. 25 Windsor for two days rest.
	Nov. 9 Maer, Nov. 11 proposed to Emma Wedgwood and was accepted.
	Nov. 12 Shrewsbury.
	Nov. 17 Maer.
	Nov. 20 to London.
	Dec. 6 Emma W came to London.
	Dec. 21 to Maer.
	Dec. 31 slept at 12 Upper Gower St.
1839	Jan. 11 to Shrewsbury.
	Jan. 15 to Maer.
	Jan. 18 to London.
	Jan. 25 to Shrewsbury.
	Jan. 28 to Maer, Jan. 29 CD married.
	Jan. 30 to London 12 Upper Gower St.
	Apr. 26-May 12 Maer.
	May 13-19 Shrewsbury.
	May 20 to London.
	Aug. 23 to Maer.
	Aug. 26 to Birmingham for British Association.
	Sep. 12 to Shrewsbury.
	Oct. 2 to London.

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Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882. ITINERARY, continued.
1840	Apr. 3 to Shrewsbury.
	Jun. 10 to Maer.
	Nov. 10 to London.
1841	May 28 to Maer and Shrewsbury.
	Jul. 23 to London.
1842	Mar. 7-17 Shrewsbury.
	May 18-Jun. 14 Maer.
	Jun. 15 to Shrewsbury.
	Jun. 18 Capel Curig, Bangor, Caernarvon, Capel Curig, ten days.
	Jul. 18 to London.
	Jul. 24 CD and ED first saw Down House, slept at inn.
	Sep. 14 ED slept at Down House.
	Sep. 17 CD slept at Down House.
1843	Jul. 8 Maer and Shrewsbury one week.
	Oct. 12 Shrewsbury ten days.
1844	Apr. 23 to Maer and Shrewsbury.
	May 30 to Down House.
	Oct. 18-29 Shrewsbury.
1845	Apr. 29-May 10 Shrewsbury.
	May 11 Down House.
	Sept. 15 Shrewsbury, Beesby (CD's farm), Manchester to visit W. Herbert, Walton Hall to visit C. Waterton, Chatsworth, Camphill to visit Sarah Elizabeth W [I].
	Oct. 26 to Down House.
1846	Feb. 21-Mar. 2 Shrewsbury.
	Jul. 21-Aug. 8 Shrewsbury.
	Sep. 9-16 Southampton for British Association.
	12 visited Portsmouth and Isle of Wight.
	13 Winchester and St Cross.
	14 Netley Abbey and Southampton Common.
	Sep. 22 day at Knole Park, Sevenoaks with ED and Susan D.
	Oct. London ten days in two visits.
1847	Feb. 19-Mar. 4 Shrewsbury.
	Jun. 22-Jun. 30 Oxford for British Association, visited Newnham Courtney, Dropmore, Burnham Beeches.
1848	Mar. end of to London.
	May 17 to Shrewsbury.
	Jun. 1 to Downe.
	Jul. 22 week at Swanage by Wareham and Corfe Castle.
	Jul. 29 to Poole in Sir William Symonds's yacht, morning in New Forest.
	Oct. 10 to Shrewsbury.
	Oct. 25 to Downe.
	Nov. 13 CD's father died, CD unable to go to funeral.
	Nov. 17-26 at Shrewsbury with Erasmus.
	Nov. 26 to Downe.
1849	Mar. 10-Jun. 30 Malvern Wells with whole family and servants (CD's first hydropathic visit).
	Sep. 11-21 Birmingham for British Association, day visit to Malvern.
1850	Jun. 11-18 Malvern Wells.
	Aug. 10-16 Leith Hill Place to visit Josiah W [III].
	Oct. 14-21 Hartfield, Sussex, The Ridge to visit Sarah Elizabeth W [II].
	18 Ramsgate for the day.
1851	Mar. 24-31 Malvern with Anne Elizabeth D.
	Apr. 16-24 Malvern with Anne Elizabeth D who died there on 23.
	Jul. 30-Aug. 9 London 7 Park St to see Great Exhibition.
1852	Mar. 24-Apr. 15 Rugby one day to see William Erasmus D at school then to Barlaston, Betley and Shrewsbury to his sister Susan.
	Sep. 11-16 Leith Hill Place, home by Godstone and Reigate.

[page] 102

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882. ITINERARY, continued.
1853	Jul. 14-Aug. 4 Eastbourne with family, to Brighton and Hastings on day visits.
	Aug. 13-16 The Hermitage near Woking to visit Henry Allen W with ED, George Howard D and Henrietta Emma D, visited military camp for Crimean war at Chobham.
1854	Jan. visited London.
	Mar. 13-17 The Ridge, Hartfield, Sussex.
	Jul. 13-15 The Ridge, Hartfield, Sussex.
	Oct. 9-14 Leith Hill Place.
	Dec. 1 in London for breakfast.
1855	Jan. 18-Feb. 15 London, 27 York Place, Baker St.
	Sep. 10-18 Glasgow for British Association with ED.
	Sep. 19 slept Carlisle.
	Sep. 20 to Shrewsbury by Rugby.
	Sep. 22 to Down House.
1856	Sep. 13-18 Leith Hill Place.
1857	Apr. 22-May 5 Moor Park Hydro.
	Jun. 16-29 Moor Park Hydro.
	27 visited Selborne.
	Nov. 5-12 Moor Park Hydro.
	Nov. 16-20 London.
1858	Apr. 20-May 3 Moor Park.
	Jul. 9-13 The Ridge, Hartfield.
	Jul. 17-26 via Portsmouth, Sandown, Isle of Wight, King's Head Hotel with family.
	Jul. 26-Aug. 12 Norfolk House, Shanklin, Isle of Wight.
	Oct. 25-31 Moor Park.
1859	Feb. 5-18 Moor Park.
	May 21-28 Moor Park.
	Jul. 19-26 Moor Park.
	Aug. 20-23 Leith Hill Place.
	Oct. 2-Dec. 7 Wells Terrace, Ilkley (CD there when Origin published).
	Dec. 8-9 London.
1860	Feb. 27-Mar. 3 London.
	Apr. 14 London.
	Jun. 28-Jul. 6 Sudbrook Park, Petersham, Surrey.
	Jul. 10-Aug. 1 The Ridge, Hartfield.
	Sep. 22-Nov. 10 15 Marine Parade, Eastbourne.
1861	Apr. 1-4 London, Queen Anne St.
	Jul. 1-Aug. 26 2 Hesketh Terrace, Torquay.
	Nov. 21 London.
1862	Apr. 1-4, London, Queen Anne St.
	May 15-21 Leith Hill Place.
	Aug. 12-31 1 Carlton Terrace, Southampton.
	Sep. 1-27 Cliff Cottage, Bournemouth.
	Sep. 29 London, Queen Anne St.
1863	Feb. 4-14 London, Queen Anne St.
	Apr. 27-May ?10 Hartfield.
	May ?11-14 Leith Hill Place.
	Sep. 2-Oct. 13 Malvern Wells.
1864	Aug. 25-?31 London, 4 Chester Place.

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Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882. ITINERARY, continued.
1865	Nov. 8-?17 London, Queen Anne St.
1866	Apr. 21-May 4 London, Queen Anne St.
	May 29-Jun. 2 Leith Hill Place.
	Nov. 22-29 London, Queen Anne St.
1867	Feb. 13-21 London, Queen Anne St.
	Jun. 17-24 London, Queen Anne St.
	Sep. 18-24 London, Queen Anne St.
	Nov. 28-Dec. 3 London, Queen Anne St.
1868	Mar. 3-9 London, Queen Anne St.
	Mar. 10-31 London, 4 Chester Place (Sarah Elizabeth W [II]).
	Jul. 16 Bassett, Southampton on way to Isle of Wight.
	Jul. 17-Aug. 20 Dumbola Lodge, Freshwater, Isle of Wight.
1869	Feb. 16-24 London, Queen Anne St,
	Jun. 10 Shrewsbury on way to Barmouth.
	Jun. 11-29 Caerdeon, Barmouth, North Wales, to recuperate from fall from his pony Tommy.
	Jun. 30 Stafford on way home.
	Nov. 1-9 London, Queen Anne St.
1870	Mar. 5-10 London, Queen Anne St.
	May 20-24 Bull Hotel, Cambridge.
	Jun. 24-Jul. 1 London, Queen Anne St.
	Aug. 13-26 Bassett, Southampton.
	Oct. 13-20 Leith Hill Place.
	Dec. 8-14 London, Queen Anne St.
1871	Feb. 23-Mar. 2 London, Queen Anne St.
	Apr. 1-5 London, Queen Anne St.
	May 11-19 Bassett, Southampton.
	Jun. 24-30 London, Queen Anne St.
	Jul. 28-Aug. 24 Haredene, Albury, Guildford, family holiday.
	Nov. 3-10 Leith Hill Place.
	Dec. 12-22 London, Queen Anne St.
1872	Feb. 13-Mar. 21 London, 9 Devonshire St, a rented house.
	Jun. 8-20 Bassett, Southampton
	Aug. 13-21 Leith Hill Place.
	Oct. 5-26 Sevenoaks Common (Horace D had lodgings in Sevenoaks).
	Dec. 17-23 London, Queen Anne St.
1873	Mar. 15-Apr. 10 London, 15 Montague St, a rented house.
	Jun. 4-12 Leith Hill Place.
	Aug. 5-9 Abinger Hall visiting Sir Thomas Farrer.
	Aug. 10-21 Bassett, Southampton.
	Nov. 8-18 London, 4 Bryanston St visiting R. B. Litchfield who had recently married Henrietta Emma D.
1874	Jan. 10-17 London, Queen Anne St.
	Apr. 21-29 London, 4 Bryanston St.
	Jul. 25-30 Abinger Hall.
	Jul. 31-Aug. 24 Bassett, Southampton.
	Dec. 3-12 London, 4 Bryanston St.
1875	Mar. 31-Apr. 12 London, Queen Anne St and Bryanston St.
	Jun. 3-Jul. 5 Abinger Hall.
	Aug. 28-Sep. 11 Bassett, Southampton.
	Nov. 4-5 London, Queen Anne St (for Vivisection Commission).
	Dec. 10-20 London, Bryanston St.

[page] 104

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882. ITINERARY, continued.
1876	Feb. 3-5 London, Queen Anne St.
	Apr. 27-May 3 London, Queen Anne St.
	May 6-Jun. 6 Hopedene, Dorking (home of Hensleigh W).
	Jun. 7-9 Hollycombe, Midhurst (home of Sir John Hawkshaw).
	Oct. 4-6 Leith Hill Place.
	Oct. 7-19 Bassett, Southampton.
	Dec. ? London to Royal Society.
1877	Jan. 6-15 London, Bryanston St.
	Apr. 12-28 London, Bryanston St then Queen Anne St.
	Jun. 8-12 Leith Hill Place.
	Jun. 13-Jul. 3 Bassett, Southampton, visited Stonehenge.
	Aug. 20-25 Abinger Hall.
	Oct. 26-29 London, Queen Anne St.
	Nov. 16-18 Cambridge for award of Hon.LL.D.
1878	Jan. 17-23 London, Queen Anne St.
	Feb. 27-Mar. 5 London, Bryanston St.
	Apr. 27-May 3 Bassett, Southampton.
	Jun. 7-?14 Leith Hill Place and Abinger Hall.
	Jun. ?15 Barlaston to visit Francis W.
	Nov. 21-26 London, Bryanston St.
1879	Feb. 27-Mar. 5 London, Queen Anne St.
	May 6-7 Worthing to see Anthony Rich.
	May 8-20 Bassett, Southampton.
	May 21-25 Leith Hill Place.
	Jun. 26 London, Queen Anne St.
	Jun. 28-30 West Hackhurst, Abinger Hammer, home of Miss L. M. Forster.
	Aug. 1 London, Queen Anne St.
	Aug. 2-27 Coniston, Lake District, family holiday, 1 day expedition to Grasmere.
	Dec. 2-12 London, 5 days Bryanston St, 5 days Queen Anne St.
1880	Mar. 4-8 London, Queen Anne St.
	Apr. 8-13 Abinger Hall with Horace D and his wife Emma Cecilia (Ida) Farrer.
	May 25-Jun. 8 Bassett, Southampton.
	Aug. 14-18 Cambridge, Botolph Lane to visit his sons.
	Aug. 19-20 London, Queen Anne St.
	Oct. 20-Nov. 2 London Bryanston St.
	Dec. 7-10 London, Queen Anne St.
	Dec. 11-14 Leith Hill Place.
1881	Feb. 24-Mar. 3 London, Bryanston St.
	Jun. 2-Jul. 4 Glenrhydding House, Patterdale, Ullswater.
	Aug. 3-5 London, Queen Anne St.
	Sep. 8-10 West Worthing Hotel, Worthing, Sussex, visiting Anthony Rich.
	Oct. 20-27 Cambridge, stayed with Horace D.
	Dec. 18-20 London, Bryanston St.
1882	CD did not leave Down House in this last year of his life.

[page] 105

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882. Continued.
	MANUSCRIPTS:
	Much material which was left in manuscript at CD's death has been published since. Most of it was never intended for publication and is in note or abbreviated form, although some is from early drafts of what he hoped eventually to prepare for the press. The autobiographical manuscripts have been considered above and published letters will be found in the main sequence. Other mss material which has been published will also be found in the main sequence under brief title, but is summarized here in date order of first publication:
1882	In George J. Romanes, Animal intelligence, contains extracts from CD's notes on behaviour, published with his permission and in press before his death.
1883	In George J. Romanes, Mental evolution in animals, contains an appendix which is from chapter 10 of the 2nd part of CD's intended big book on evolution. See also Stauffer, 1975.
1885	Über die Wege der Hummel-Männchen, in Gesammelte kleinere Schriften, 2:84-88 (F1584, 1602). See also Freeman 1968 below.
1909	The foundations of The origin of species, a sketch written in 1842, transcribed and edited by Francis D. Printed for private distribution.
1909	The foundations of The origin of species, Two essays written in 1842 and 1844, transcribed and edited by Francis D. Published edition. The sketch of 1842 is from the same setting of type as previous entry.
1933	Charles Darwin's diary of the voyage on H.M.S. Beagle, transcribed and edited by Nora Barlow.
1959	Darwin's journal, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), hist. Ser., 2:1-21. Transcribed by G. R. de Beer. There is a Russian translation of an earlier and independent transcription by S. L. Sobol', 1957.
1960-1967	Darwin's notebooks on transmutation of species, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), hist. Ser., 2:23-73, 75-113, 119-150, 151-183, 185-200; 3:129-176. Transcribed and edited by G. R. de Beer, M. J. Rowlands and B. Skramovsky. Notebooks B-E. 1962 Coral islands, Atoll. Res. Bull., No. 88, transcribed by D. R. Stoddart.
1963	Darwin's ornithological notes, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist), hist. Ser., 2:201-278, transcribed by Nora Barlow.

[page] 106

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882. MANUSCRIPTS, continued.
1963	Darwin's manuscript of pangenesis, Brit. J. Hist. Sci., 1:251-263, transcribed by R. C. Olby.
1968	Charles Darwin on the routes of male humble bees, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), hist. Ser., 3:177-189. Translation of 1885 German paper above, with transcription of field notes by R. B. Freeman.
1974	Howard E. Gruber, Darwin on man, contains transcription of M & N notebooks on behaviour, with other mss, by Paul H. Barrett.
1975	R. C. Stauffer, Charles Darwin's Natural selection, transcribed from what was intended by CD to be Part 2 of his big book on evolution, Variation under domestication being Part 1.
1980	Charles Darwin's red notebook, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), hist. Ser., 7: transcribed by S. Herbert. Contains CD's earliest notes on evolution, covering the period June 1836-June 1837.
	MEDALS:
1864	Copley (Royal Society), CD was proposed in 1862 but failed.
1879	Baly (Royal College of Physicians).
1853	Royal (Royal Society).
1859	Wollaston (Geological Society), which from 1846-1860 was made of palladium.
	ORDER:
1867	Pour le Mérite, Prussia.
	PRIZE:
1879	Bressa, Reale Accademia della Scienze, Turin. 12,000 francs. CD gave £100 from it to the Zoologische Station at Naples.
	RELIGION:
1809	Baptism, Nov. 17 at St Chad, Shrewsbury, by Rev. Thomas Stedman.
	Confirmation: no evidence available from Shrewsbury School, the sacrament perhaps being neglected at the time, although Dr Butler was an appointed catechist.
	CD's religious views are summarized in LLi -304-317. Francis D states "My father spoke little on these subjects, and I can contribute nothing from my own recollection".
	CD considered religious views to be a deeply personal matter and took great pains not to offend ED.
1836-1839	"Whilst aboard the Beagle I was quite orthodox". "But I had gradually come by this time, i.e. 1836-1839, to see that the Old Testament was no more to be trusted than the sacred books of the Hindoos".
1879	CD to Fordyce, "In my most extreme fluctuations I have never been an Atheist in the sense of denying the existence of a God. I think that generally (and more and more as I grow older), but not always, that an Agnostic would be the more correct description of my state of mind"—Aspects of scepticism, 1883.
1881	CD discussed his views with Aveling who published what he thought CD meant in The religious views of Charles Darwin, Freethought Publishing Company, 1883: Francis D felt that Aveling had misunderstood.
	For CD's imaginary deathbed conversion to a fundamentalist orthodoxy see Atkins, 51-52, and for his fictitious book on the subject, My apology for my unformed ideas, see Freeman, 18-19.

[page] 107

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882. Continued.
	SOCIETY MEMBERSHIP:
	As was customary, CD joined those London societies whose meetings might be of interest to him, although, after he left London in 1842, his attendance at their meetings was infrequent.
1833	He was a founder member of the Entomological Society in 1833.
1839 and before	He joined the Zoological Society as a corresponding member in 1831 before the Beagle left England, becoming a Fellow in 1839.
1836	As soon as he returned in 1836 he joined the Geological Society.
	Became a member of The Shropshire and North Wales Natural History and Antiquarian Society.
1838-1841	He was Honorary Secretary of the Geological Society from 1838 Feb. 16 to 1841 Feb. 19.
1838	He added the Geographical Society in 1838.
1839	He was elected to the Royal Society in 1839 Jan. 24, at the age of 29.
1850, 1855	He served on the Council of the Royal Society in 1850-1851 and again in 1855-1856.
1854	He did not join the Linnean until 1854, and then apparently largely so that he could get books by post from its excellent library.
1861	Finally he joined the Ethnological Society in 1861.
	He used the periodical publications of all these societies, except those of the Shropshire, Entomological and Ethnological Societies, for his own papers.
	His Honorary memberships included:
1840	The Shropshire and North Wales Natural History and Antiquarian Society,
1861	the Royal Society of Edinburgh,
	the Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh of which he was particulary proud for he had been an ordinary member when a medical student there,
	and the Royal Irish Academy.
1862	He was an Honorary Fellow of the Anthropological Society from foundation in 1862.
	He was an Honorary of 13 societies in the Americas and of about 40 in Europe.
	Of local natural history societies in England he was elected to only two:
1877	the Watford Natural History Society, later the Hertfordshire, in 1877,
1880	and the Epping Field Club, later the Essex, in 1880.
	Almost all these are listed by countries in LLiii 373-376, but their titles are sometimes translated into English. The following list is in alphabetical order with names in the original languages:
1878	Academia Nacional de Ciencias de la Republica Argentina, Cordova. CD Honorary Member 1878.
1857	Academia Caesarea Leopoldino-Carolina Germanica Naturae Curiosorum. CD Honorary Member 1857, cognomen Forster.
1867	Academia Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitana (Imperatorskaya Akademiya Nauk). CD Corresponding Member 1867.

[page] 108

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882. SOCIETY MEMBERSHIP, continued.
1870	Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgiques, CD Associate 1870.
1868	Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, CD Correspondent 1868.
1873	American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston, CD Foreign Honorary Member 1873.
1869	American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, CD Member 1869.
1862	Anthropological Society, Honorary Fellow from foundation in 1862.
1872	Anthropologische Gesellschaft, Vienna, CD Honorary Member 1872.
1871	Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, CD Honorary Member 1871.
1877	Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, CD Corresponding Member 1877.
1873	Boston Society of Natural History, CD Honorary Member 1873.
1872	California Academy of Sciences, CD Honorary Member 1872.
1877	California State Geological Society, CD Corresponding Member 1877.
1863	Canterbury [New Zealand] Philosophical Institute, CD Honorary Member, 1863.
1833	Entomological Society of London, CD original Member 1833.
1880	Epping Field Club, CD Honorary Member 1880.
1861	Ethnological Society of London, CD Fellow 1861.
1878	Franklin Literary Society, Indiana, CD Honorary Member 1878.
1879	Gabinete Portuguiz de Leitura, Pernambuco, CD Corresponding Member 1879.
1836	Geological Society of London, CD Fellow 1836.
1877	Institucion Libre de Enseñanza, Madrid, CD Honorary Professor 1877.
1878	Institut de France, CD Correspondent, Section of Botany 1878.
1867	Kaiserliche-Koenigliche Zoologische-Botanische Gesellschaft, Vienna, CD Honorary Member 1867.
1871, 1875	Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, CD Corresponding Member 1871, Honorary Foreign Member 1875.
1878	Koeniglich-Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Munich, CD Foreign Member 1878.

[page] 109

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882. SOCIETY MEMBERSHIP, continued.
1863, 1878	Koeniglich-Preussiche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, CD Corresponding Member 1863, Fellow 1878.
1879	Kongeligt Dansk Videnskabernes Selskab, Copenhagen, CD Fellow 1879.
1865	Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akadamien, Stockholm, CD Foreign Member 1865.
1860	Kongliga Vetenskaps-Societeten, Uppsala, CD Fellow 1860.
1872	Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, CD Honorary Fellow 1872.
1880	Koninklinke Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandische-Indie, Batavia, CD Corresponding Member 1880.
1854	Linnean Society of London, CD Fellow 1854.
1872	Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia, Budapest, CD Member 1872.
1868	Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, CD Honorary Member 1868.
1878	Medicinische-Naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft zu Jena, CD Honorary Member 1878.
1868	Medico-Chirurgical Society of London, CD Honorary Member 1868.
1879	Naturforschende Gesellschaft zu Halle, CD Honorary Member 1879.
1879	New York Academy of Sciences, CD Honorary Member 1879.
1879	New Zealand Institute, CD Honorary Member 1872.
1875	Real Accademia dei Lincei, CD foreign Member 1875.
1873	Reale Accademia della Scienze, Turin, CD Honorary Member 1873.
1838	Royal Geographical Society, CD Fellow 1838.
1866	Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, CD Honorary Member 1866.
1873	Royal Medical Society, Edinburgh, CD Member 1826-1827, Honorary Member 1861.
1839	Royal Society, London, CD Fellow 1839 Jan. 24.
1865	Royal Society of Edinburgh, CD Fellow 1865.
1879	Royal Society of New South Wales, Sydney, CD Honorary Member 1879.
1878	Schlesische Gesellschaft für Vaterlandische Cultur, Breslau, CD Honorary Member 1878.
1873	Senkenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Frankfurt-am-Main, CD Corresponding Member 1873.
1877	Siebenburgische Verein für Naturwissenschaften, Hermannstadt, CD Honorary Member 1877.

[page] 110

Darwin, Charles Robert, 1809-1882. SOCIETY MEMBERSHIP, continued.
1877	Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, Buenos Aires, CD Honorary Member 1877.
1860	Sociedad de Naturalistas Neo-Granadinos, CD Honorary Member 1860.
1874	Sociedad Zoológica Argentina, Cordova, CD Honorary Member 1874.
1877	Sociedade de Geographia de Lisboa, CD Corresponding Member 1877.
1875	Società dei Naturalisti in Modena, CD Honorary Member 1875.
1870	Società Geografica Italiana, Florence, CD Honorary Member 1870.
1872	Società Italiana di Antropologia e di Etnologia, Florence, CD Honorary Member 1872.
1880	Società La Scuola Italica Pitagorica, Rome, CD Presidente Onorario 1880.
1870	Societas Caesarea Naturae Curiosorum (Société Imperiale des Naturalistes), Moscow, CD Honorary Member 1870.
1871	Société d'Anthropologie, Paris, CD Foreign Member 1871.
1863	Société des Sciences Naturelles, Neuchatel, CD Corresponding Member 1863.
1874	Société Entomologiques, Paris, CD Honorary Member 1874.
1837	Société Géologiques, Paris, CD Life Member 1837.
1877	Société Hollandaise des Sciences à Haarlem (Hollandische Maatschappij der Wetenschappen), CD Foreign Member 1877.
1881	Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique, Brussels, CD Associate Member 1881.
1878	Société Royale des Sciences Médicales et Naturelles, Brussels, CD Honorary Member 1878.
1875	Society of Naturalists of the Imperial Kazan University (Obschchestvo Estestvoispuitateleî pri Imperatorskon Kasanskom Universitetys), CD Honorary Member 1875.
1877	Watford Natural History Society, CD Honorary Member 1877.
1877	Zeeuwsch Genootschap der Wetenschappen te Middleburg, CD Foreign Member 1877.
1831, 1839	Zoological Society of London, CD Corresponding Member 1831, Fellow 1839.
	STAMPS:
1935	Commemorative issue by Ecuador, centenary of CD's visit; 2, 5, 10 and 20 centavos, with map, marine iguana, giant tortoise and head of CD respectively.
1958	Great Britain, no CD stamps before 1982, but cancel, called special slogan, London, South Kensington, S.W.7. used Jul.and Aug. 1958 only "1958 / CENTENARY OF / DARWIN & WALLACE / EVOLUTION THEORY / 1958—D. W. Tucker Gibbons Stamp Monthly 1958 Jul.
1959	USSR, 40k portrait.
1959	Csechoslovakia, 3k portrait.
	Cocos Keeling to commemorate visit of Beagle 1836.

[page] 111

"Darwin's bull-dog"
1871	"I am Darwin's bull-dog" he once said. 1871 Nov. 2 Huxley to Haeckel, "The dogs have been barking at his heels too much of late"—Life of Huxley, 2nd edition, ii 62.
Darwin's Farm, at Beesby, Lincolnshire q.v.
Darwin's Finches
1942	The sub-family Geospizinae of the Galapagos Is. Coined1 by Robert T. Orr, Bull. N.Y. Zool. Soc., 45:42-45, 1942.
1947	Used by David Lack, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., pt. 5, No. 53, 49, 1944, and title of his book 1947.
Darwin's "Hero"
	CD's name for an exceptionally vigorous plant of morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea) in Cross and self fertilisation. Heading chapter 15 in Allan.
Darwin's Peak
	Another name for Angulus woolneri q.v., see also Nature, Lond., Apr. 6 1871.
"Darwin's True Knight"
	Hooker's description of Wallace.
Darwin's window
	A window in Hooker's retirement house at Sunningdale, so-called because CD suggested its insertion on seeing the plans, to improve the view of the garden.
Darwin, Colonel Charles Waring [I], 1855 Aug. 28-1928 Aug. 1.
	CD's remote cousin. Head of the senior branch of the D family, of Elston Hall.
1894	Married Mary Dorothea Wharton.
Darwin, Charles Waring [II], 1856 Dec. 6-1858 summer.
	Tenth and last child of CD. Died of scarlet fever, ?had Down's syndrome. "He had never learnt to walk or talk"—EDii 162.
Darwin, Charlotte Maria Cooper, 1827-1885.
	Child of William Brown D. Married Francis Rhodes, later Darwin. CD's remote cousin. Last of the senior branch of family. Elston Hall, the family seat, was left to her husband.
Darwin, Charlotte Mildred, see Massingberd.
Darwin, "Chucky", see Susan D.
Darwin, "Doddy", see William Erasmus D.
Darwin, "Dubsy", see Bernard Richard Meirion D.
Darwin, Edward, 1782-1829.
	First child of Erasmus D [I] and Elizabeth. Unmarried. CD's half uncle. Officer in 3rd Dragoon Guards. Lived at Mackworth, Derbyshire.
Darwin, Edward Levett 1821-?.
	Second son of Sir Francis Sacheverel D. CD's half first cousin.
1858	Author on sporting matters under pseudonym "High Elms"; The game-preservers manual, 1858.
1858	CD of The game-preservers manual, "shows keen observation and knowledge of various animals"— Woodall p. 4.
Darwin, Elinor Mary, see Monsell.
Darwin, Elizabeth [I], 1725-1800.
	Second child of Robert D. CD's great-aunt.
1751	Married Rev. Thomas Hall, Rector of Westborough, Lincolnshire.
Darwin, Elizabeth [II], see Collier.

¹ In fact the phrase was coined by Percy Lowe in 1935. See P. R. Lowe. 1936. The finches of the Galapagos in relation to Darwin's conception of species. Ibis pp. 310-21, p. 310.

[page] 112

Darwin, Elizabeth [III], 1763-1764.
	Third child of Erasmus D [I] and Mary Howard. CD's aunt.
Darwin, Elizabeth [IV], see Hill.
Darwin, Elizabeth [V], see St Croix.
Darwin, Elizabeth [VI] 1847 Jul. 8-1926.
	Sixth child of CD. Unmarried. Known as "Bessy". "Very stout and nervous...not good at practical things...and she could not have managed her own life without a little help and direction...but she was shrewd enough... and a very good judge of character"—Period Piece, 146-147.
	"If family legend be true, my aunt Bessy when young had looked into the drawing-room at Down and flounced out again with the words 'Nothing but nasty, beastly boys'"—Bernard D p. 40.
Darwin, Elizabeth, see Susan Elizabeth D, CD's sister.
Darwin, Elizabeth Frances, see Fraser.
Darwin, Ellen Wordsworth, see Crofts.
Darwin, Emily Catherine, 1810 May 10-1866 Feb. 2.
	Sixth child of Robert Waring D. CD's sister. Known as "Catty". "Had neither good health nor good spirits"—EDii 180. "Failed to work out her capabilities either for her own happiness or that of others (perhaps)"—EDii 184. CD's sisters, after their mother's death, ran an infants school in the grounds of Millington's Hospital, Frankwell—Woodall p. 14.
1834	Jul. 20 CD addresses her as "Katty"—CD and Beagle pp 100-4.
1863	Married Charles Langton as second wife, d.s.p.
Darwin, Emma, see Wedgwood.
Darwin, Emma
1904	[Mrs] H. E. Litchfield editor, Emma Darwin, wife of Charles Darwin. A century of family letters, 2 vols, Cambridge (F1552), 250 copies printed for family and friends.
1915	Emma Darwin. A century of family letters, 1792-1896, 2 vols, London (F1553), text as 1904 with some alterations.
1915	USA from stereos (F1554).
Darwin, Emma Cecilia, see Farrer.
Darwin, Emma Georgina Elizabeth, 1784-1818.
	Third child of Erasmus D [I] and Elizabeth. Unmarried. CD's half aunt.
Darwin, Emma Nora, 1885 Dec. 22-1989.
	Third child of Sir Horace D. CD's grand-daughter. Known as Nora.
1911	Married Sir James Alan Noel Barlow, Bart. 2 daughters, 4 sons: 1. Joan Helen, 2. Thomas Erasmus, 3. Erasmus Darwin, 4. Andrew Dalmahoy, 5. Hilda Horatia, 6. Horace Basil. Grandchild Phyllida.
1933	Editor Diary of the voyage of the Beagle (F1566).
1945	Charles Darwin and the voyage of the Beagle (F1571).
1963	Darwin's ornithological notes, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), hist. Ser., 2:201-278 (F1577).
1967	Darwin and Henslow (F1598).
Darwin, Erasmus [I], 1731 Dec. 12-1802 Apr. 17.
	Physician and scientist. Fourth child of Robert D. Born at Elston Hall, Nottinghamshire. CD's grandfather.
	Biography: DNB; Seward, 1804; Dowson, 1861; Krause and CD, 1879; Pearson, 1930; King-Hele, 1963, 1977.
1756-1781	Practised at Lichfield.
1757	Married 1 Mary Howard. 4 sons, 1 daughter: 1. Charles, 2. Erasmus, 3. Elizabeth, 4. Robert Waring, 5. William Alvey.
1761	FRS.
1781	Married 2 Elizabeth Chandos Pole née Collier. 4 sons, 3 daughters. 1. Edward, 2. Frances Anne Violetta, 3. Emma Georgina Elizabeth, 4. Francis Sacheverel, 5. John, 6. Henry, 7. Harriet.
	He also had two illegitimate daughters, their names and mother unrecorded, the Misses Parker.
1781-1783	Radburn Hall, Derby.
1783-1802	Full St, Derby.
1802	Breadsall Priory, Derby, where his relict continued to live until her death 1832.
	Main works:
1790, 1791	Botanic garden
1794, 1796	Zoonomia
1800	Phytologia
1803	Temple of nature
	Portraits: two in oils, one by Joseph Wright of Derby in National Portrait Gallery, London, one by Rawlinson of Derby in Derby Museum.
	Medallion in Lichfield Cathedral after Wright portrait.
	His commonplace book is now at Down House.
1813	The genus Darwinia Rudge, 1813, was named for D, (Myrtaceae) about twenty-five species of Australian heath-like shrubs. Darwinia Rafinesque 1817 and Darwinia Dennstedt 1818 are junior homonyms.

[page] 113

Darwin, Erasmus
	Krause's paper first appeared in German in Kosmos, 3, 1879 Feb., but his text was revised for the translation. This book started the one-sided row with Samuel Butler. B's copy with mss notes is in the British Library.
1879	Ernst Krause, Erasmus Darwin...with a preliminary notice by Charles Darwin (F1319), CD's notice, 1-127, is longer than Krause essay on D's scientific work.
1887	The life of Erasmus Darwin (F1321), sheets of the first edition with new preface.
	First foreign editions of CD's notice:
1880	German (F1323).
1959	Russian (F1324).
1971	Facsimile (F1322).
Darwin, Erasmus [II], 1759-1799.
	Second child of Erasmus [I] and Mary. Unmarried. CD's uncle. Solicitor and genealogist. Committed suicide by drowning.
Darwin, Erasmus [III], 1881 Dec. 7-1915 Apr. 24.
	First child of Sir Horace D. Unmarried. CD's grandson, the second of the two born in CD's lifetime. Director Cambridge Instrument Co. Obituary in Emma Darwin ii-vi, 1915.
1915	Killed at Ypres.
Darwin, Erasmus Alvey, 1804 Dec. 29-1881 Aug. 26.
	Fourth child of Robert Waring D. Unmarried. CD's only brother. Known as "Ras". Trained as a physician at Edinburgh but never practised. Invalid.
	Nicknamed "Bones" at school because tall, thin and delicate—Brent p. 28. Also known as "John" and "Strol" at school for unknown reasons—CCD I p. 10.
1835	Autumn, took 43 Great Marlborough St house. Also at 24 Regent St, 7 Park St, 6 Queen Anne St.
1849	Trustee Bedford College, University of London from its foundation, see Bedford Coll. Mag., 1902 Jun.
1859	Nov. D to CD "In fact the à priori reasoning is so entirely satisfactory to me that if the facts won't fit in, why so much worse for the facts is my feeling"—LLii 234.
1881	CD to Sir Thomas Farrer, "He was not I think a happy man"—MLi 395.
	"He had something of original and sarcastically ingenious in him, one of the sincerest, naturally truest, and most modest of men"—Carlyle, Reminiscences, ii 208.
	His only recorded staff were Surman, his secretary, and Pearce, his manservant.
1881	Buried Sep. 1 in Downe Churchyard.

[page] 114

Darwin, "Etty", see Henrietta Emma D.
Darwin, Florence Henrietta, see Fisher.
Darwin, Frances, see Fraser.
Darwin, Frances Anne Violetta, 1783-1874.
	Second child of Erasmus D [I] and Elizabeth. CD's half great-aunt.
1807	Married Samuel Tertius Galton. Sons: Darwin Galton and Francis Galton.
Darwin, Frances Crofts, 1886 Mar. 30-1960.
	Only child of Sir Francis D and Ellen. CD's granddaughter.
	Married Francis Macdonald Cornford. Mother of Francis Cornford, the poet.
Darwin, Francis [I], see Rhodes.
Darwin, Sir Francis [II], 1848 Aug. 16-1925 Sep. 19.
	Botanist. Seventh child of CD. Known as "Baccy", "Frank" and "Franky". Assisted CD with his botanical work, including drawing figures of Aldrovanda and Utricularia for Insectivorous plants. DNB WWH.
1860	Educated Clapham Grammar School.
1867	Trinity College, Cambridge.
	Qualified as a physician but did not practice.
1874	Married 1 Amy Richenda Ruck. 1 son Bernard Richard Meirion. On first marriage lived at vicarage Downe. After first wife's death, moved into Down House with infant son. Wintered until second marriage with ED in Cambridge, then 80 Huntingdon Rd. The house at 80 Huntingdon Rd was called Wychfield and was built for FD.
1882	FRS.
1883	Married 2 Ellen Crofts. 1 daughter Frances Crofts.
	Married 3 Florence Henrietta Fisher, s.p. During his third marriage, spent spring and summer at a converted farmhouse at Brookthorpe, Gloucestershire. It was on waste land which had belonged to her first husband Frederic William Maitland. After death of third wife FD moved to 10 Madingley Rd.
1887	Editor Life and letters (F1452).
1888-1904	FD was Reader in Botany Cambridge.
1894	With E. H. Acton Physiology of plants.
1895	Main work: The elements of botany.
1903	Editor, with A. C. Seward, More letters (F1548).
1909	Editor Sketches of 1842 and 1844 (F1555, 1556).
1913	Kt.
1913-1920	The last essay in Springtime contains lists of plants and birds made at Brookthorpe, in date order.
1917	Rural sounds and other studies in literature and natural history 231 pp, 1 pl., text figs, London, John Murray.
1920	The story of a childhood, 8vo, 71 pp, privately printed, Edinburgh, Oliver & Boyd 1920. Contains letters from FD to Mrs Laurence Ruck, née Matthews, about her grandson Bernard R. M. D.'s childhood up to age 15. The letters were given back to FD on Mrs R's death,.
1929	Springtime and other essays 8vo, 242 pp, John Murray.
Darwin, Sir Francis Sacheverel, 1786-1859.
	Physician and traveller. Fourth child of Erasmus D [I] and Elizabeth. Married Jane Harriet Ryle and had offspring, eldest son Reginald D. CD's half uncle.
1820	Kt.
Darwin, "Frank", "Franky", see Sir Francis D [II].
Darwin, "Gas", see Charles Robert D.
Darwin, Sir George Howard, 1845 Jul. 9-1912 Dec. 7.
	Mathematician. Fifth child of CD. Interested in heraldry in youth "the young herald"—MLi 287. Drew figures of Drosera and Dionaea for Insectivorous plants. Trained as a barrister but never practised. Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy Cambridge. The only remaining male line of CD's family comes through him. Newnham Grange, Cambridge. Biography: DNB WWH. Francis D in Vol. 5 of Scientific papers, 5 vols 1916.
1856	16 Aug. Educated Clapham Grammar School.
1865	Trinity College, Cambridge.
1868	Smith Prize.
1868	2nd Wrangler, Cambridge.
1868	Fellow, Trinity.
1874	Barrister.
1879	FRS.
1882	Inherited Down House.
1884	Jul. 22 Married at Erie, Pennsylvania, Maud du Puy. 3 sons, 2 daughters. 1. Gwendolen Mary, 2. Charles Galton, 3. Margaret Elizabeth, 4. William Robert. Another son died in infancy—FD Rural sounds p. 174..
1898	Main work: The tides.
1905	KCB.

[page] 115

Darwin, Georgina Elizabeth, 1823-before 1888.
	Child of Sir Francis Sacheverel D. Married Rev. Benjamin Swift. Mother of Francis Darwin Swift. CD's half cousin.
Darwin, "Granny", see Susan Elizabeth D.
Darwin, Gwendolen Mary, 1885 Aug. 26-1957.
	First child of Sir George Howard D. Known as "Gwen", and as "The Genie" from boarding school days.. Married Jacques Raverat. 2 daughters, Sophie and Elisabeth. CD's granddaughter. Artist, trained at Slade School, University College London.
1939	Illustrated published edition of The bird talisman.
1952	Main work: Period piece.
Darwin, Harriet, 1790-1825.
	Seventh child of Erasmus D [I] and Elizabeth.
1811	Married Admiral Thomas James Malin, d.s.p at Valparaiso.
Darwin, Harriot, see Henrietta Emma D.
Darwin, Henrietta Emma, 1843 Sep. 25-1927.
	Fourth child of CD. Was sickly as a child. Helped CD with writing Descent of man—EDii 196. Did some editing of CD's part of Erasmus Darwin—King-Hele 1977. CD's only married daughter.
1856	When ill had breakfast in bed, "she never got up to breakfast again in all her life"—Period piece, in which chapter 7 gives a description of her valetudinarian habits.
1861	CD to Hooker, "Poor H...she has now come up to her old point, and can sometimes get up for an hour or two twice a day"—LLii 360.
1865	Known as "Body", "Budgy", "Harriot" (she tried to use this name in 1865, ED objected "the pertest of names"), "Rhadamanthus minor" or just "Rhadamanthus" (by Huxley), "Trotty Veck", "Etty".
1871	Married Aug. 31 R. B. Litchfield d.s.p.
1903	On death of husband moved to Burrow's Hill, Gomshall, Surrey.
1904, 1915	Editor Emma Darwin, 1904 (F1552) and 1915 (F1553).
Darwin, Henry, ?-1590.
	Great-grandfather of Darwin Stowe.
Darwin, Henry, 1789-1790.
	Sixth child of Erasmus D [I] and Elizabeth. CD's half uncle.
Darwin, Henry Galton
	Son of Sir Charles Dalton D. Barrister Foreign Office. CMG. WW.
1958	Married Jane Sophia Christie. 3 daughters.
Darwin, Sir Horace, 1851 May 13-1928 Sep. 22.
	Ninth child of CD. Known as "Jemmy" or "Skimp". 66 Hills Rd, Cambridge. The house in Hills Rd was called The Orchard and built for HD on marriage. DNB WWH.
1880	Married Emma ("Ida") Cecilia Farrer. 1 son, 2 daughters: 1. Erasmus [III], 2. Ruth Frances, 3. Emma Nora.
1885	Founder and Director of Cambridge Instrument Co., Botolph Lane, Cambridge.
1896-1897	Mayor of Cambridge in jubilee year.
1903	FRS.
1918	KBE.
Darwin, "Ida", see Emma Cecilia Farrer.

[page] 116

Darwin, Jane, see Brown.
Darwin, Jane Harriet, see Ryle.
Darwin, "Jemmy", see Sir Horace D.
Darwin, John [I], ?-1542.
	Brother of William D [II]. Ninth generation uncle of CD.
Darwin, Rev. John [II], 1730-1805.
	Sixth child of Robert D. Unmarried. CD's great-uncle. Rector of Elston, Lincolnshire.
Darwin, Rev. John [III], 1787-1818.
	Fifth child of Erasmus D [I] and Elizabeth. Unmarried. CD's half-uncle. Rector of Elston, Lincolnshire.
Darwin, Katherine, see Pember.
Darwin, "Kitty Kumplings", see Anne Elizabeth D.
Darwin, Major Leonard, 1850 Jan. 15-1943 Mar. 26.
	Eighth child of CD. 12 Egerton Place, Brompton Rd, London. Biography: M. Keynes (niece), Cambridge 1943.
1870	Royal Engineers, commissioned Dec.
1874, 1882	Observed transits of Venus.
circa 1874	Photographed CD in basket chair on verandah at Down House, engraved for Century Mag.
1882	Married 1 Elizabeth Frances Fraser s.p.
1883	Jan. photograph of CD also occurs printed on china.
1890	Retired from army.
1892-1895	1892 Jul.-1895 Jul. MP Liberal-Unionist, for Lichfield.
1895	Stood again but not re-elected.
1900	Married 2 Charlotte Mildred Massingberd s.p. On second marriage moved to Cripp's Corner, Forest Row, Sussex.
	Main works:
1897	Bimetallism.
1926	The need for eugenic reform.
1929	"Memories of Down House", Nineteenth Century, 106; 108-123.
Darwin, Margaret Elizabeth, 1890-1974.
	Third child of Sir George Howard D. CD's granddaughter.
1917	Married Sir Geoffrey Keynes. 4 sons.
1943	D wrote biography of Leonard D.
Darwin, Marianne, 1798 Apr. 7-1858 Jul. 18.
	First child of Robert Waring D. CD's sister. On her death the grown-up family was adopted by her sister, Susan Elizabeth, and lived at The Mount, Shrewsbury.
1824	Married Henry Parker. 4 sons, 1 daughter.
Darwin, Martha Haskins, see Du Puy.
Darwin, Mary [I], see Healey.
Darwin, Mary [II], see Howard.
Darwin, Mary Dorothea, see Wharton.
Darwin, Mary Eleanor, 1842 Sep. 23-1842 Oct. 16.
	Third child of CD. Born at Down House and died there. ED had moved into Down House on Sep. 14.
Darwin, Maud, see Du Puy.
Darwin, Mildred, see Massingberd.
Darwin, Monica, see Slingsby.
Darwin, "Nigger", see Charles Robert D.

[page] 117

Darwin, Nora, see Emma Nora D.
Darwin, "Polly", see Mary Darwin [II].
Darwin, "Ras", see Erasmus Alvey D.
Darwin, Reginald, 1818-?.
	Eldest child of Sir Francis Sacheverel D. CD's half first cousin.
1879	Lent CD documents, including a commonplace book, on Erasmus D [I], which CD used for his notice in E. Krause's Erasmus Darwin. The commonplace book now at Down House.
Darwin, Richard, ?-1584.
	Third child of William D [III]. Inherited Torksey from his uncle and held Marton. 8th generation in male line to CD.
before 1580	Married Margaret ? 3 sons, 1 daughter.
Darwin, Robert, 1682-1754 Nov. 20.
	Second son of William D [VI]. CD's great-grandfather. Barrister of Lincoln's Inn. Member of Spalding Club.
1723	24 Jan. Married Elizabeth Hill of Sleaford, Lincolnshire. 4 sons, 3 daughters. 1. Robert Waring, 2. Elizabeth, 3. William Alvey, 4. Ann. 5. Susanna, 6. John [II], 7. Erasmus.
Darwin, Robert Alvey, 1826 Apr. 17-1847 Dec. 7.
	Third child of William Brown D. Of Elston Hall and Exeter College Oxford. Last male in senior branch of family, he left Elston Hall to his sister Charlotte Maria Cooper D.
Darwin, Sir Robert Vere, 1910-1977.
	Painter. First child of Bernard Richard Meirion D. CD's great-grandson. Known as "Robin". Principal Royal College of Art. Painted portrait of Sir George Buckston Browne for Down House. WWH.
	Married 1 Yvonne Darby s.p.
	Married 2 Ginette Hewitt s.p.
1964	Kt.
1972	RA.
Darwin, Robert Waring [I], 1724-1816.
	First child of Robert D. Unmarried. CD's great-uncle. Of Elston Hall.
1787	Author of Principia botanica.
Darwin, Robert Waring [II], 1766 May 30-1848 Nov. 13.
	Fourth child of Erasmus D [I] and Mary. CD's father. Strictly teetotal. Known as "The father of Frankwell" by his poorer patients—Woodall pp. 11, 14.
	6′ 2″, very corpulent, "when he last weighed himself he was 24 stone, but afterwards increased much in weight"—LLi 11. CD's description of his father, which belongs to his autobiography, is printed in LLi 11-20 instead of in chapter 2.
	"Personally of huge bulk with a very squeaky voice"—Gretton Memory's harkback 1889 p. 33.
before 1785	Studied at Edinburgh before Leyden.
1785	Physician, MD Leyden Feb. 26.
	Lived at St John's Hill before he built The Mount.
1788	FRS.
1796	Married Apr. 18, at St Marylebone, Susannah Wedgwood—Gent. Mag. 1796 Apr. 18, 66 p. 351. 2 sons, 4 daughters. 1. Marianne, 2. Caroline Sarah, 3. Susan Elizabeth, 4. Erasmus Alvey, 5. Charles Robert, 6. Emily Catherine.
circa 1800	Had a large practice in Shrewsbury and around, where he built The Mount circa 1800.
1848	Buried in Montford churchyard, Shropshire.
Darwin, Sir Robin, see Robert Vere D.
Darwin, Ruth Frances, 1883 Aug. 2-1973.
	Second child of Sir Horace D. CD's granddaughter. Known as "Boofy". High Hackhurst, Abinger Hammer, Dorking. WWH.
1932-1949	Senior Commissioner Board of Control.
1938	CBE.
1948	Married W. Rees Thomas as second wife, s.p.

[page] 118

Darwin, Sarah, see Sedgwick.
Darwin, Sarah Gay Forbes, 1830-?
	Seventh child of William Brown D. CD's cousin.
1848	Married Edward Noel.
Darwin, Sibyl, see Rose.
Darwin, "Skimp", see Sir Horace D.
Darwin, Susan Elizabeth, 1803 Aug. 3-1866 Aug. 3.
	Third child of Robert Waring D [II]. Known as "Chucky". Unmarried. CD's sister. Continued to live at The Mount, Shrewsbury until her death.
	"My father [CD] told me that anything in coat and trousers from eight years to eighty was fair game to Susan"—EDi 141.
circa 1822	She and Jessie Wedgwood, daughter of John Wedgwood, were known as "Kitty" and "Lydia" after those Bennetts in Pride and prejudice, because they were flirts.
1836	CD called her "Granny".
1858	After the death of her sister Marianne in 1858 she adopted the grown-up Parker children who lived with her.
Darwin, Susanna, 1729-1789.
	Fifth child of Robert D. Unmarried. CD's great-aunt.
Darwin, Susannah, see Wedgwood.
Darwin, "Trotty Veck", see Henrietta Emma D.
Darwin, Violetta, see Frances Anne Violetta D.
Darwin, William [I], died before 1542.
	Yeoman. Of Marton, Lincolnshire. Two sons, 1. ?William, 2. John. The earliest ancestor given by Burke. Tenth generation to CD in male line.
Darwin, ?William [II], died before 1542.
	Eldest son of William [I]. 2 sons, 4 daughters. Of Marton, Lincolnshire, Yeoman. Burke is not certain of christian name. Ninth generation to CD in male line.
Darwin, William [III], -1580.
	Eldest son of ?William [II]. Married Elizabeth ?, 3 sons. Inherited Marton from his uncle John D. Eighth generation to CD in male line.
Darwin, William [IV], circa 1573-1644.
	Third son of Richard D. Married as second husband Mary Healey of Cleatham, Lincolnshire. Yeoman of the Royal Armoury, Greenwich. Also held Marton. Sixth generation to CD in male line.
Darwin, William [V], 1620-1675.
	Eldest son of William D [IV]. Barrister. Recorder of Lincoln. Royalist. Erasmus became a family name through his wife. Fifth generation in male line to CD.
1653	Married Anne Earle, daughter of Erasmus Earle. 5 sons, 1 daughter.
Darwin, William [VI], 1655-1682.
	Eldest son of William [V]. Waring became a family forename through his wife, and Elston Hall the family seat. Fourth generation in male line to CD.
	Portrait "at Elston shows him as a good-looking young man in a full-bottomed wig"—LLi 3.
1680	Married Anne Waring, heiress of Robert Waring of Elston Hall, Newark, Nottinghamshire. 2 sons.
Darwin, William [VII], 1681-1760.
	Eldest son of William D [VI]. Of Cleatham and Elston Hall.
1706	Married 1 Elizabeth D (first cousin). 2 sons, 2 daughters.
1715/16	Married 2 Mary Secker. 1 son, 4 daughters.
1749	Married 3 Mary Hurst s.p.

[page] 119

Darwin, William Alvey [I], 1726-1783.
	Second child of Robert D. Married Jane Brown. 1 son, 1 daughter. CD's great-uncle. Inherited Elston Hall.
Darwin, William Alvey [II], 1767-1767.
	Fifth child of Erasmus D [I] and Mary. CD's uncle.
Darwin, William Brown, 1774-1841.
	Son of William Alvey D [I]. Married Elizabeth de St Croix. 3 sons, 4 daughters. CD's first cousin once removed.
Darwin, William Erasmus, 1839 Dec. 27-1914 Sep.
	First child of CD. Called "Hoddy Doddy" in infancy. The only one of CD's surviving sons who never grew a beard, although Leonard only did so in old age. Obituary: Francis D, Christ's College Mag., 1914.
	Robert D to CD when WED was young and supposed to be delicate, "Let him run about and get his feet wet and eat green gooseberries"—Bernard D pp. 27, 42-43.
	Educated at Mr Wharton's preparatory school and Rugby.
1862-1902	Partner in Grant & Maddison, Bankers of Southampton, also called Southampton & Hampshire Bank. Looked after CD's financial affairs with great success.
	Ridgemount, North Stoneham, Bassett, Southampton.
1877	Married Sarah Sedgwick s.p.
1877	He is the child in CD's paper in Mind, 2, 1877.
1902	After death of wife, 12 Egerton St, London, next door to brother Leonard D. Of the Egerton St house "a rather tall, gaunt house, with a butler almost too perfect to live". Gwendolen Mary D lived with him whilst at Slade School.
1882	"He had felt the top of his head cold at his father's funeral in Westminster Abbey and balanced his black gloves there."
Darwin, William Robert, 1894-1970.
	Fourth child of Sir George Howard D. Married Monica Slingsby. CD's grandson.
Darwin, Yvonne, see Darby.
Darwinia
	Used three times for genera of plants. See Erasmus Darwin [I].
Darwinian
1794 adj. 1	relating to the verse or views of Erasmus D [I]. 1794 OED suppl.
1860 adj. 2	relating to CD's theories. 1860 OED suppl. Huxley "The Darwinian hypothesis has the merit of being eminently simple and comprehensible"—Westminster Rev., Apr. 566.
1809 sb. 1	one who holds the views of, or imitates the verse of Erasmus D [I]. 1809 OED suppl.
1896 sb. 2	one who holds the views of CD. 1896 OED suppl. Wallace "and it is very interesting to Darwinians"—Malay Archipelago, 1, iv, 61.
Darwinian Tubercle = Angulus Woolneri, Darwin's peak qq. v.
Darwinianism
1804 sb. 1	obs. or nonce-word, relating to Erasmus D [I]. 1804 OED.
1893 sb. 2	rare, relating to CD's theories=Darwinism. OED 1893 J. H. Stirling, Darwinianism: workmen and work [title].
1865	Samuel Butler "Is not the subject worked out, and are not the Canterbury public sick of Darwinianism" in a covering letter to the editor of The Press, Christchurch NZ, with "Lucubratio ebria"; predates earliest quote in OED.
Darwinism
1856 sb. 1	obs. relating to Erasmus D [I]. 1856 OED.
1864 sb. 2	relating to CD's theories. 1864 OED suppl. Huxley "What we may term the philosophical position of Darwinism"—Nat. Hist. Rev., Oct. 567.

[page] 120

Darwinism, CD's papers on
1871	[letter] "A new view of Darwinism", Nature, Lond., 4:180-181, refers to letter by Henry B. Howorth of same title, ibid., 4:161-162 (Bii 167, F1754).
1872	"Bree on Darwinism", Nature, Lond., 6:279 (Bii 168, F1756), relates to a review by Wallace of Bree's book, An exposition of the fallacies in the hypothesis of Mr Darwin, 1872.
Darwinism, 1889 by Wallace q.v.
Darwinism and Modern science, 1909 edited by A. C. Seward q.v.
Darwinism Stated by Darwin Himself, 1884 edited by Nathan Shepperd q.v.
Darwinist
1883 sb.	One agreeing with CD's theories. 1883 OED "Interesting to every sincere Darwinist"—Sci. and Lit. Gossip, 1:79
1875 adj.	Darwinistic. 1875 OED "Decisive in favour of Darwinistic views"—Schmidt, Descent and Darwinism, 292.
Darwinite
1862 sb. 1	one agreeing with CD's theories. 1862 OED "Here are Darwinites...reviving the doctrine of Lord Monboddo that man and monkeys are of the same stock"—Illustr. Lond. News, 41:41.
1867 adj.	1867 OED C. Kingsley (letter) "Can you tell me where I can find any Darwinite lore about the development of birds?"—Life, 2:280, 1883.
1861 sb. 2	a natural copper arsenite, reddish white, from North America, synonym of Whitneyite. 1861 coined by D. Forbes.
Darwinize
1880 vb. 1	intrans. to write verse like that of Erasmus D [I]. OED 1880, but said to have been coined much earlier by S. T. Coleridge.
1920 vb. 2 intrans.	to follow CD's theories, to work on them. 1920 OED G. B. Shaw "It has restored faith in Providence to a Darwinized world"—Public Opinion, Aug. 13, 160.
Darwinocentric
1979	"Freeman has assembled an authoritative guide to the darwinocentric universe"—American Scientist 1979 Oct, book review by Stan Rachootin, Yale.
Daubeny, Charles Giles Bridle, 1795-1867.
	Botanist. DNB.
1822	FRS.
1832	Prof. Chemistry Oxford.
1834	Prof. Botany.
1840	Prof. Rural Economy.
1860	Jun. 30 conversazione held in his rooms after British Association scene—LLii 323.
1860	D commented on Origin in Rep. Brit. Assoc. CD on "very liberal and candid, but scientifically weak"—LLii 332.
1860	Remarks on the final causes of the sexuality of plants.
1867	Miscellanies, 2 vols.

[page] 121

Davidson, Thomas, 1817-1885.
	Palaeontologist. Specialist on brachiopods. Anti-Origin.
1857	FRS.
1861	CD corresponded with.
Davidson, Thomas William St Clair
	Artist.
Davis, Mrs A.
	Welsh cook at Down House, known to the children as "Dydy"; she was kind to them—Francis D Springtime p. 55.
Davis, Richard
1819	Missionary at Waimate, North Island, New Zealand, arrived 1819. Not in orders, but ran a farm to teach the natives agriculture.
1835	Dec. CD met. CD spells "Davies"—J. Researches 1845, 425.
Davy, Dr John, 1790-1868.
	Army surgeon. Brother of Sir Humphry D. Inspector General of Army Hospitals. Friend of Sir James Mackintosh. DNB.
1834	FRS.
1855, 1856, 1863	CD to D on salmonid eggs; 2 long replies printed in Phil. Trans., 1855 and Proc. Roy. Soc., 1856, as well as in his Physiological Researches, 251-269, 1863.
Dawes, Richard, 1793-1867.
	Educationalist. Tutor at Emmanuel College Cambridge. Older friend of CD at Cambridge. DNB.
1831	Spring, CD and D talked of a trip to Teneriffe with Ramsay and Kirby.
1850	Dean of Hereford.
1867	CD subscribed £2. 2s. through J. M. Herbert for some memorial to him.
Dawkins, Sir William Boyd, 1837-1929.
	Geologist. WWH.
1867	FRS.
1872-	Prof. Geology Owen's College Manchester.
1873	CD was friendly with and 1873 wrote testimonial for an application for Chair of Geology at Cambridge, which D did not get.
1919	Kt.
Dawkins Testimonials
[1873]	Testimonials in favour of W. Boyd Dawkins...a candidate for the Woodwardian Professorship of Geology [at Cambridge], Cambridge, University Press printed (F1216). CD's letter p. 2.
Dawson, Sir John William, 1820-1899.
	Canadian geologist. DNB.
1855	D was describer of Eozoon q.v. Anti-Origin—MLi 210, 466, 468.
1855-1893	Prof. Geology and Principal McGill.
1860	D reviewed Origin in Canad. Nat.
1862	FRS.
1862	CD to Hooker, "Lyell had difficulty in preventing Dawson reviewing the Origin on hearsay, without having looked at it"—MLi 468.
1884	Kt.
Dawson, Robert, 1776-1860.
	Cartographer to Ordnance Survey. DNB.
1831	CD met at Llangollen when on geological tour with Sedgwick.
De Bary, Heinrich Anton, 1831-1888.
	German fungologist. Prof. Botany Strasbourg.
1879	D sent CD Utricularia—FUL 87.
de Beer, Sir Gavin Rylands, 1899-1972.
	Zoologist and general writer. Writer on CD and transcriber of mss. Obituary: Mem. Fellows Roy. Soc., 19:65-93. WWH.
1940	FRS.
1950-1960	Director British Museum (Natural History).
1954	Kt.
1959	D prints 38 CD letters in Notes and Records Roy. Soc., 14:12-66 (F1595).
1960-1967	Transcribed, with collaborators, B-E notebooks on transmutation, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), hist. Ser. 2-3 (F1574).
1961	D prints 42 CD letters in Ann. Sci., 17:81-115 (F1596).
1963	CD biography, London.
1974	Charles Darwin, Thomas Henry Huxley, autobiographies, London (F1580), based on the Barlow edition with a re-reading of the mss by James Kinsley.

[page] 122

De la Beche, Sir Henry Thomas, 1795-1855.
	Geologist. DNB.
1819	FRS.
1832	Director Geological Survey.
1842	Kt.
1848	CD listened to D's Presidential address to Geological Society, "a very long and rather dull address"—MLi 65.
De la Rue, Warren, 1815-1889.
	Astronomer and inventor. DNB.
1850	FRS.
1851	Feb. CD met D at Royal Institution.
Decaisne, Joseph, 1807-1882.
	French botanist.
1859	CD probably sent D copy of 1st edition of Origin—LLii 172.
"Defence of Science"
1881	"Mr Darwin in defence of science", Brit. Med. J., 2:917 (Bii 235, F1799).
Delpino, Giacomo Guiseppe Federico, 1833-1905.
	Italian botanist. Prof. Botany Genoa and later at Naples. Frequent correspondent.
Denny, Henry, 1803-1871.
	Entomologist, specialist on lice and minute beetles.
undated	CD to D about races of human lice and on a Mr Martial's observations on them—Carroll 35.
1871	Descent i, 219 mentions D's work on lice of pigeon, fowl and dogs.
Derbishire, Alexander
	Mate on 2nd voyage of Beagle.
1832	Apr. D returned to England.
Derby, Countess of, see Lady West.
Derby, 13th Earl of, see Edward Smith Stanley.
Derby, 15th Earl of, see Edward Henry Stanley.
Descent of man
	The last sentence of the work reads: "...we must acknowledge, as it seems to me, that man with all his noble qualities, with sympathy for the most debased, with benevolence which extends not only to other men but to the humblest living creature, with his god-like intellect which has penetrated into the movements and constitution of the solar system—with all these exalted powers—Man still bears in his bodily frame the indelible stamp of his lowly origin".
1870, 1871	The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex, 2 vols (F936). CD's copy of Vol. 1 dated 1870 is the only one known.
1871	Feb. normal issue of both vols, 25 errata on verso of title leaf of Vol. 2, 1st issue (F937).
1871	Mar. 2nd issue, text changes and no errata, works by the author on verso of title leaf of Vol. 2 (F938).
1871	Apr. 7th thousand, with textual changes (F939), facsimile of this issue 1969 (F1042).
1871	Dec. 8th thousand, with textual changes (F940).
1874	2nd edition, 10th thousand (F944).
1875	2nd edition corrected, 11th thousand (F945).
1877	2nd edition revised and augmented, 12th thousand (F948).
	First foreign editions:
1871	Dutch (F1053), German (F1065), Italian (F1088), Russian (F1107), USA (F941).
1872	French (F1058), Swedish (F1136).
1874	Danish (F1050), Polish (F1101).
1884	Hungarian (F1084).
?1902	Spanish (F1123).
1906	Czech (F1048).
1910	Portuguese (F1104).
1921	Yiddish (F1138).
1927	Bulgarian (F1047).
1949	Japanese (F1100).
1950	Slovene (F1122).
1967	Romanian (F1106).
1968	Turkish (F1137).

[page] 123

"Descent of man"
1871	(paper) "The descent of man", Hardwicke's Science Gossip, 7:112 (Bii 168, F1693). This, the shortest of all CD's writings in serials, contains the essence of the idea given above, in blunter morphological terms, "The early progenitors of man were no doubt once covered with hair, both sexes having beards; their ears were pointed and capable of movement; and their bodies were provided with a tail, having the proper muscles" etc.
Descent, Theory of
1842	?First use of term by CD in Sketch of 1842, in de Beers ed. of 1958 p. 76.
Deseado, Patagonia, Argentine=Port Desire.
1833	Dec. 23 Beagle at, when it was a deserted Spanish settlement.
Devonport
	Town and naval dockyard west of and contiguous with Plymouth, Devon.
1831	Sep. 13 CD with Fitz-Roy and Musters arrived after three days by packet from London.
	Sep. 16 CD returned to London.
	Oct. 30 CD back and stayed at 4 Clarence Baths until Beagle finally sailed Dec. 27, after two unsuccessful attempts to put to sea.
Devonshire, 7th Duke of, see William Cavendish.
"Dianthus hybrids"
1857	"Hybrid dianths", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 10:155 (Bi 273, F1693).
Diary of the voyage of the Beagle
1933	Nora Barlow, editor, Charles Darwin's diary of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, Cambridge, University Press, 1933. See also Charles Darwin's diary.
Dicey, Albert Venn, 1835-1922.
	Barrister.
1882-1902	Vinerian Prof. Law Oxford.
1882	D was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Dick
circa 1847-1850	A dog at Down House which was killed trying to jump through the flywheel of the well—Rustic sounds p. 12.
Dicky
1885	A small male dog of ED's widowhood, given to her by Mrs (Margaret) Vaughan Williams in 1885.

[page] 124

Ditchfield
	Field at Downe, just north of Little Pucklands.
Dixon, Mr.
1833	Mar. was the only Englishman at Port Louis "now has charge of the British Flag". The British had just annexed the islands—Diary pp. 138-9.
Dobbin
	A pony in CD's childhood—MLi 5.
Dobell, Horace Benge, 1828-1917.
	Physician and medical author.
1863	CD to, thanking for a copy of his On the germs and vestiges of disease, 1861, and on regeneration—MLi 234.
Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge, 1832-1898.
	Mathematician and, as "Lewis Carroll", author of children's books.
1850-1881	Student of Christ Church, Oxford.
	Sent a photograph, now at Cambridge, of a young girl to CD for his work on Expression.
Dogs
	The following family dogs are entered by name: Bobby, Button, Dicky, Pepper, Polly, Quiz, Tony, Tyke.
"Dogs"
1882	(paper) "On the modification of a race of Syrian street dogs by means of sexual selection", by Dr [W.] Van Dyck, with a preliminary notice by CD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., No. 25:367-370 (Bii 278, F1803). Read Apr. 18 by the Secretary: CD died on Apr. 19.
Dohrn, Felix Anton, 1840-1909.
	German zoologist. Foreign Member RS.
1870	Sep. 26 D visited CD at Down House, and perhaps again later—MLi 323. Christane Groeben, Naples, Machiaroli, pp. 93-4, gives Dohrn's account of his visit to Down House 1870 Feb. 26, with Ulan story (see below) in detail, spells "ulan" not "Uhlan".
1872	Apr. 3 CD wrote to D about success of Descent of man in Germany—LLiii 133.
1873	Founder of Zoologische Station at Naples 1873, later Stazione Zoologica.
1875	CD wrote to D about Naples station and invited D and wife to visit Down House, "I have often boasted that I have had a live Uhlan in my house!"—LLiii 198.
1879	CD gave D £100 for the station from his Bressa Prize money—LLiii 225. When CD gave £100, he also gave £10 each for George and Francis.
1982	CD-FAD correspondence published in full.
Don, David, 1800-1841.
	Botanist.
1836-1841	Prof. Botany King's College London.
1836	CD approached about identifying Beagle plants.
Donders, Frans Cornelius, 1818-1889.
	Physiologist. Prof. Physiology Utrecht.
1871	D gave CD information for Expression of the emotions—LLiii 134.
1872	Apr. D wrote to CD to tell him of his election to Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen—LLiii 163.
1874	CD wrote to D, to thank him for entertaining his son George Howard D—LLiii 325.
late 1881	At Int. Med. Congr. CD sat between D and Virchow—Brent p. 499.
Dorking, Surrey.
1876	May 6-Jun. 6 CD had family holiday there.
"Double Flowers"
1843	"Double flowers—their origin", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 36:628 (Bi 175, F1663). CD's first botanical publication.
Doubleday, Henry, 1808-1875.
	Entomologist and Quaker. Correspondent with CD on insect matters. Sent CD plants of true oxslip Primula elatior.
"Doveleys, The"
	Nickname for Frances Wedgwood born 1806 and Emma Wedgwood born 1808 in childhood.
Down, Kent.
before 1842	The village was so spelt before 1842. See Downe.
Down House, Luxted Road, Downe, Orpington, Kent.
1842	Jul. 24 CD and ED first saw. Bought from Rev. J. Drummond, Vicar of Downe, for £2020 with 18 acres of which 12 were then the paddock.
	ED moved in Sep. 14. CD moved in Sep. 17.
	Ordnance datum 565 ft, the well is 325 ft deep, to the clay below the chalk of the North Downs.

[page] 125

Down House, continued.
	ACCOUNTS OF:
1842	Jul. CD's own account of house, estate and district, written to his sister Catherine, is printed in MLi 31-36.
1929	Leonard D, Memories of Down House, Nineteenth Century, 106:118-123.
1952	Raverat, Period Piece, chapter 8, from personal experience in childhood, but not in CD's lifetime.
1955	Keith, Darwin revalued, chapters 4 and 24.
1974	Atkins, Down House.
	(Jessie Dobson) Historical and descriptive catalogue of the Darwin memorial 1969, and a book by Dobson called Charles Darwin and Down House ?date.
	ALTERATIONS TO HOUSE:
1843	Bow front to all three storeys of west front added.
1845-1846	Kitchen area rebuilt and butler's pantry added, with schoolroom and two small bedrooms above. Schoolroom above butler's pantry has on shelf in cupboard "Darwin A 10 W. E. DARWIN 1853", but WED was 10 in 1849.
1846	Outhouses rebuilt.
1858	New drawingroom added at north end, with two bedrooms above it, cost £500.
1859	Billiard table set up.
1872	Verandah added to drawingroom.
1877	New billiard room added and new main entrance of east side.
1881	Billiard room converted to new study.
	ALTERATIONS TO LAND:
1844	New garden wall built.
1845	Mound under yews on west side removed, mound added at east side as wind protection.
1846	Sandwalk wood planted on land rented from Sir John William Lubbock.
1863	Feb. New greenhouse completed, superintended by John Horwood, Mr Turnbull's gardener at The Rookery.
1874	Sandwalk wood exchanged for a piece of pasture with Sir John Lubbock.
1881	Bought strip of field beyond orchard from Sydney Sales for hard tennis court, new wall built.
	FURNISHINGS:
	In the present shrine, the old study and the new drawingroom are furnished, as nearly as possible, as they were when CD was alive; this includes the original study chairs, the portrait of Lyell given to CD by Lady Lyell in 1847, the portrait of Hooker given to CD by Julia Cameron, the photographer of it, and the print of Josiah Wedgwood [II] given back by Francis D in 1927.
	The drawingroom piano, bought in 1839, was bought back from the Positivist Society for £20 in 1929.
	HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE: See also entry under CD finance.
	CD and ED kept detailed accounts from the date of their marriage. These, although preserved at Down House, have not been published in full. Keith, 221-232, and Atkins, 95-100, give extracts.
1867-1881	Atkins gives a detailed breakdown for 1867-1881.
1867	In 1867, when there were four dependent sons and two daughters, only the eldest son being away and employed, probably eight indoor servants and the garden staff, expenditure was as follows: meat £250, butter £5, cheese £18, candles £16, oil £7, bacon £10, soap £10, grocery £53, sugar £16, bread £63, fish and game £20, servants £71, poultry £38, tea £27, coffee £11, washing £6, dresses for ED and the girls £28, gifts £79, miscellaneous £75, dripping £3. These figures do not include those expenses which CD paid for himself, menservants wages, alcohol, snuff and later cigarettes and the clothing of the boys.

[page] 126

Down House, continued.
	ICONOGRAPHY, House:
1 1880	Painting by Albert Goodwin, back from southwest in EDii 76.
2 1882	Aug. Drawing by Alfred Parsons, back from southwest, wood engraving from in Century Mag., Jan. 1883, also in LLi 320.
3	Etching of whole southwest front, not signed, not done in CD's lifetime—Moorehead 261.
4	Photograph from southwest by Col. James Creedy, modern—Atkins 24.
5	Photograph from southwest by J. Dixon Scott, modern—Keith 46.
6	Plan of ground floor—Keith 46.
7	Another plan of ground floor—Atkins 22.
8 1882	Apr. New study, copper engraving by Axel H. Haig—Moorehead 256.
	ICONOGRAPHY, Grounds:
1	Plan—Keith 47.
2	Plan—Atkins 22.
3	Sandwalk and wood—Freeman, Bibliographical handlist, 1965, 70 (captions in German).
4	Sandwalk and wood—Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), hist Ser., 3:180, 1968 (captions in English).
	STAFF:
	The details are scanty, especially for those of junior staff and full names and dates are almost never available, however see the following:
	Butlers: Jackson, Parslow, Price.
	Coachmen: Comfort, John.
	Cooks: Brummidge, Evans.
	Custodians: Harold, Samuel and Sydney Robinson.
	Footmen: Jackson, Moffatt.
	Gardeners: Comfort, Hills, Horwood, Lettington.
	Governesses: Barellien, Beob, Grant, Latter, Ludwig, Pugh, Thorley.
	Maids: Anne, Betsy, Emily Jane, Jane, Matheson.
	Nursemaid: Harding.
	Nurses: Brodie, Evans, Mary, Maryann, Sara.
	HISTORY:
back to 1651	Earlier given in Atkins, 12-17, with list of owners or tenants back to 1651.
1900-1906	Rented from George Howard D by a Mr Whitehead about whom nothing seems to be known except that he owned the first motor car in Downe.
1907-1922	Rented by Downe House School q.v.
1924-1927	Run as an unsuccessful girl's school by a Miss Rain.
1927	Bought from the Darwin heirs by Sir George Buckston Browne for £4,250.
1929	After spending about £10,000 on repairs and giving £20,000 as an endowment, Buckston handed it over to the British Association in 1929. It was formally opened at a tea on Jun. 7.
1953	Given free to Royal College of Surgeons of England who have administered it since, although they attempted to transfer it to the National Trust in 1958. The Surgeons' research establishment marches with the grounds to the southwest.

[page] 127

Down House, continued.
	VISITORS:
	ED entertained considerably at Down House, although seldom large gatherings.
	Casual calling, which was customary in cities, was confined to near neighbours. John Lubbock, who was 8 years old when CD came to Downe, was the most frequent.
	Visitors from London and elsewhere came for weekends, or for Sunday lunch.
	The following list omits relatives and neighbours and it is probably far from complete. The numbers of visitors increase in later years when the children were grown up and brought their own friends and when CD's health had improved. The following were frequent visitors:
	F. M. Balfour (in 1870-1880), T. Bell (early), Hugh Falconer (after his return to England), E. Forbes (before 1854), J. D. Hooker, T. H. Huxley, C. Lyell, G. J. Romanes (after 1874), Margaret J. Shaen, S. W. Strickland (after circa 1860), A. R. Wallace and G. R. Waterhouse.
	The following are recorded only once or twice:
1846	Leonard Horner.
1847	Leonora Horner.
1850	A. C. Ramsay, R. H. Schomburgk.
1854	J. S. Henslow.
1857	R. Fitz-Roy.
1861	W. B. Carpenter, G. B. Sowerby [II].
1862?	R. A. von Kolliker.
1862	H. Parker.
1866	E. H. Haeckel.
1867	V. O. Kovalevskii and wife, R. Trimen.
1868	H. W. Bates, E. Blyth, A. Gray, G. Smith, J. Tyndall, J. J. Weir.
1869	A. E. Agassiz, T. Woolner.
1870	F. A. Dohrn, V. O. Kovalevskii, A. Newton.
1871	Arabella B. Buckley, M. E. G. Duff, R. Lowe, J. Hague, V. Lushington, R. Swinhoe.
1872	C. L. Brace, C. Crawley, T. Woolner, C. Wright.
1873	M. D. Conway, Mary Ann Evans and G. H. Lewes for lunch.
1875	W. W. Ouless, R. L. Tait, G. Young.
1876	F. J. Cohn, W. E. Gladstone, J. Morley, C. E. Norton, L. Playfair.
1877	Ann Pertz.
1878	L. A. Errera, Theodora Sedgwick.
1879	W. B. Richmond.
1880	E. Barbier, A. L. P. P. de Candolle, F. Sarcey.
1881	E. B. Aveling, J. Collier, Laura M. Forster, Max Müller, Marianne North, H. Richter.
1882	A. H. Haig, Countess of Derby (both after CD's death).
no date	The following are recorded without date: J. W. Judd, K. Ludwig, W. Ogle.
	The following groups of people visited:
1873 on	Working Men's College, groups of fifty or sixty for the day.
1881 on	J. W. C. Fegan's street boys from his homes, for the day or camping.
1882 on	"Sunday tramps", led by L. Stephen, came for the day.

[page] 128

Downe, Village, Orpington, Kent.
	BR6 Post Office spelling was "Down" before 1842.
1841	Census of 1841 total population 444.
1881	Census of 1881 555.
	Postal addresses, near Bromley in 1845, near Farnborough 1845-early 1855, near Bromley late 1855-late 1869, near Beckenham 1869 Sep. Present address is in the Bromley postal code.
1786	Church: St Mary the virgin, illustration 1786, before drastic restoration—Atkins 25.
	Inns: The George and Dragon. There is also The Queen's Head on church side.
	Village hall, ?the one built by the D's is next to the George and Dragon.
	Both Petley's and Trowmers are in Luxted Road.
	Churchyard has two slab tombs which are memorials to Ds:
1.	Grave of Erasmus Alvey D, also to CD and ED.
2.	Grave of Mary Eleanor D and Charles Waring D, but adult-sized slab, which also commemorates Henrietta Emma Litchfield, Bernard Richard Meirion D and Mary Mansell his wife, of Gorringes.
	Summary of graveyard inscriptions in North West Kent Family History Journal I, no. 1, 1978.
1842	Jul. CD to his sister Catherine, "The little pot-house where we slept is a grocer's shop and the landlord there is the carpenter...there is one butcher and baker and the post-Office. A carrier goes weekly to London and calls anywhere for anything in London and takes anything anywhere"—MLi 31-36.
	School is called Charles Darwin school.
	Schoolmasters: Norman, Skinner.
	Physician: Engleheart.
	Vicars: Drummond, Innes, Ffinden.
	Curates: Hoole, Horsman, Humphreys, Powell, Robinson, Salin, Stephens.
	Churchwarden: Lovegrove.
1933	Howarth & Howarth give a detailed description of the village and its history.
1969	Newman, in Pevsner's Buildings of England, West Kent, 251, 1969, describes the architecturally worthwhile buildings.
Downe Court
1690	Original manor house of Downe, opposite east side of Down House, dated 1690.
1842	Jul. CD to his sister Catherine, "There is a most beautiful old farm-house with great thatched barns and old stumps of oak trees...one field off"—MLi 31-36.
1973	A. D. H. Coxe, Haunted Britain, 79. CD's ghost is one of the several said to haunt it.
Downe Friendly Club
1850	CD helped to found in 1850 and acted as its Treasurer for 30 years—LLi 142. The annual general meeting was held at Down House every year, usually on Whit Monday.
1852	Mar. Rules for the Club printed at CD's expense—CD's mss accounts.
1877	To members of the Down Friendly Club, a single sheet printed for CD to dissuade members from disbanding (F1303).
Downe House School
	Always spelt with an "e". Headmistress Olive Margaret Willis was co-founder with her friend Alice Carver. Started with one girl and five mistresses, but was at once successful.
1907-1922	Occupied Down House 1907 Feb.-1922 Apr. 1.
1922	Moved to larger premises Hermitage Rd, Cold Ash, Newbury, where it flourishes.

[page] 129

Downes, John, 1810-1890.
	Cambridge friend of CD.
1831	Jul. 11 CD to Henslow, "Do you by any chance recollect the name of a fly that Mr. Bird sent through Downe"—Darwin-Henslow 27.
1834-1863	Vicar of Horton and Piddington, Northamptonshire.
Downton, Wiltshire.
1822	Jun. CD had a holiday there with his sister Caroline Sarah D.
Drewe
	Brother of Edward Drewe. Squire of Grange, near Honiton, Devon.
Drewe, Adèle, see Prévost.
Drewe, Caroline, see Allen.
Drewe, Charlotte, ?-circa 1817.
	Fifth child of Edward D. Unmarried.
Drewe, Edward, 1756-1810.
	Vicar of Broadhembury and Willand, Devon.
1793	Married Caroline Allen. 2 sons, 5 daughters. 1. Harriet Maria, 2. Marianne, 3. Georgina, 4. Edward Simcoe, 5. Charlotte, 6. Francis, 7. Louisa.
Drewe, Edward Simcoe, 1805-1877.
	Fourth child of Edward D.
1828	Married Adèle Prévost and had children.
circa 1820	D inherited The Grange, near Honiton, Devon.
Drewe, Georgina, circa 1800-?
	Third child of Edward D. Mother of Lady Salisbury.
1823	Married Sir Edward Hall Alderson.
Drewe, Harriet Maria, 179?-1857.
	First child of Edward D.
1816	Married Robert, Lord Gifford and had offspring.
1837	Was living at 1 Atholl Crescent, Edinburgh.
Drewe, Louisa, ?-circa 1817.
	Seventh child of Edward D.
Drewe, Marianne, 179?-1822.
	Second child of Edward D.
1820	Married Rev. Algernon Langton.
1822	Died in childbed.
Dring, John Edward
	Collector of shells.
1834	Oct. appointed acting Purser to replace Rowlett on return of Beagle from 2nd voyage. Also acted as Clerk.
	Went on 3rd voyage.
Dropmore, Buckinghamshire.
1847	CD visited on day trip from British Association meeting at Oxford.
Drummond, Rev. J.
	Vicar of Downe before Innes.
1842	D sold Down House to CD for £2020.
Drummond, James, 1763-1863.
	Botanist of Swan River, Western Australia. D helped CD on fertilisation of Leschenaultia—MLii 259.
Drummond, Thomas, 1797-1840.
	Army engineer and politician. Invented Drummond's light. DNB.
Drysdale, Lady, ?-circa 1882 aged nearly 100.
	Friend of CD and ED through Moor Park Hydro. Dr Lane's mother-in-law.

[page] 130

Du Bois-Reymond, Emil Heinrich, 1818-1896.
	German electro-physiologist.
1858	Prof. Physiology Berlin.
1860	CD to Gray telling him that D agrees with CD's views—LLii 354.
1876	Darwin versus Galiani, Berlin.
1878	D writes to CD to tell him of his election to K.-P. Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, as Corresponding Member.
1884	Friedrich II in Englische Urtheilen, Darwin und Kopernicus, Leipzig.
Dubarry, Amy
1866	Sunday school teacher at Downe—Darwin-Innes 231.
Dublin
1827	CD visited on spring tour.
Duck, Mr, ?-1875.
1866	A trustee of Downe Friendly Club—Darwin-Innes 245.
Duff
	Of 21st Regiment. Given lift to England by gunroom from Tasmania—CD Diary.
Duff, Sir Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant, 1829-1906.
	Politician. DNB.
1857-1881	Liberal MP for Elgin Burghs.
1868-1874	Under-Secretary for India.
1871	Jan. D visited Down House with Lubbock, Huxley and R. Lowe, from High Elms.
1887	GCSI.
1901	FRS.
Dumbola Lodge, Freshwater, Isle of Wight.
	A house owned by Julia Cameron.
1868	CD and Family stayed there in summer. CD was photographed by Mrs Cameron on this visit.
Duncan, Andrew, 1773-1832.
	Prof. Materia Medica Edinburgh.
1798	FRS.
1826	CD to his sister Catherine D, "is so very learned that his wisdom has left no room for his senses. His lectures begin at eight in the morning"—MLi 7.
1847	CD to Hooker, "a whole cold breakfastless hour on the properties of rhubarb"—LLi 355.
Duncan, Ethel
	Daughter of Andrew Duncan of Liverpool. Married G. J. Romanes.
1879	CD to Romanes, Mrs R is right to forbid the monkey from the nursery—Carroll 576.
Duncan, Peter Martin, 1824-1891.
	Invertebrate palaeontologist and writer of popular natural history. Prof. Geology, King's College, London.
1868	FRS.
circa 1869	CD to D, will send coral specimens from Keeling Islands—Carroll 272.
1876	CD to D, CD will return an overlooked coral and mss by William Lonsdale—Carroll 498.
Dundee Angus
1827	CD visited on a spring tour.
Dunker, Wilhelm Bernhard Rudolph Hadrian, 1809-1885.
	Palaeontologist especially of Mollusca. Lecturer Technical High School Cassel, later Prof. Geology Marburg. CD sent Fossil cirripedes to—Lychnos, 1948-1949:206-210.
1851	D sent fossil and recent cirripedes to CD.
1854	CD sent Living cirripedes to D.
Duns, Rev. J.
	Free Church minister and dabbler in natural history.
1860	D reviewed Origin in North British Rev., "very severe"—LLii 311.

[page] 131

Du Puy, Martha Haskins, 1861-1947.
	Daughter of Charles Meredith Du Puy and Ellen Reynolds of Philadelphia. Niece of Lady Jebb (Caroline Reynolds) who was her mother's sister. Known as "Maud". Pedigree in Period piece.
1884	22 Jul. married Sir George Howard Darwin.
Du Puy, "Maud", see Martha Haskins Du P.
Dutch
	First editions in:
1891	Journal of researches (F176).
1864	Origin of species (F594).
1889-1890	Variation under domestication (F910).
1871-1872	Descent of man (F1053).
1873	Expression of the emotions (F1182).
Dyck, Dr W. van
	Lecturer in Zoology at Protestant College of Beirut.
1882	D to CD on sexual selection in Syrian street dogs.
	Apr. 2 CD to P. L. Sclater submitting it, with covering note, for Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.
	Apr. 18 read, No. 25: 367-370 (Bii 278, F1803); last publication in CD's lifetime; he died on Apr. 19.
Dyer, Sir William Turner Thiselton, 1843-1928.
	Botanist. Married Harriet Anne Hooker. DNB.
1879	D helped CD with botanical material from Kew, e.g. 1879 CD to D, on a species of Oxalis—FUL 109.
1880	FRS.
1882	D was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
1885-1905	Director of Royal Botanical Garden, Kew, in succession to Hooker.
1899	KCMG.

[page 132]

E

"E", see Katherine Euphemia Wedgwood.
Earle, Anne
	Daughter of Erasmus Earle. CD's maternal 5th generation ancestor.
1653	Married William Darwin [II].
Earle, Augustus, 1793-1838.
	Wandering artist of some distinction. Draughtsman on 2nd voyage of Beagle. CD "Earle's eccentric character". FR "I engaged an artist...at £200 per year". His Beagle sketches are all missing although other material remains. His illness was rheumatism—Keynes pp. 1-2, open licentiousness from CD's letters. Narrative, Oxford, Clarendon 1966, ed. McCormick.
1832	Aug. left owing to continuous ill-health. Replaced by C. Martens.
Earle, Erasmus, 1590-1667.
	Serjeant-at-Law. CD's maternal sixth generation ancestor. Father of Anne Earle. Origin of name Erasmus in D family. MP for Norwich, Recorder of Lincoln. Also a monument to E in Sts Peter & Paul Church. DNB.
1890	Oct. William Erasmus D and George Howard D went on a visit to "General Bulwer, a beautiful place in Norfolk [Heydon Hall], to see the picture of Erasmus Earle, an ancestor".
Earth, Age of
1877	CD's views on in MLii 211-212.
Earthworms, see Vegetable mould and worms and Wormstone.
Eastbourne, Sussex.
1853	Jul. 14-Aug. 4 CD had family holiday there.
1860	Sep. 22-Nov. 11 family holiday there.
Eastbury Park
	A house near Gunville, Dorset.
1800	Bought by Tom Wedgwood.
1803	Sold to Jos Wedgwood.
until 1805	Tom continued to live there with his sisters Catherine and Sarah Elizabeth until his death.
Eaton, Bertha
	Sister of Dorothea Hannah E.
1848	Married Edmund Edward Allen.
Eaton, Dorothea Hannah, ?-1868.
	Sister of Bertha E.
1846	Married George Baugh Allen.
Eddowes' Newspaper, Shrewsbury.
1880	Mrs Haliburton [Sarah Owen of Woodhouse] had reminded CD of his saying as a boy that if Eddowes' Newspaper ever alluded to him as "our deserving fellow townsman" he would be amply gratified—LLiii 335. Opening sentence of a leading article of 1880 is given.
Edgeworth, Maria, 1767-1849.
	Author. Daughter of Richard Lovell Edgeworth. Friend of Erasmus D [I] and Josiah Wedgwood [I]. DNB.
1840	E described the character of ED—EDii 56.
Edgeworth, Michael Pakenham, 1812-1881.
	Son of Richard Lovell E. Half brother of Maria E. Botanist and Indian Civil Servant. "A fool, Mr Edgeworth, you know, is a man who never tried an experiment in his life"—Erasmus D [I]—Woodall p. 4. DNB.
1861	CD met at Linnean Society—MLi 184.
"Edible fungus from Tierra del Fuego"
1845	In Berkeley, M. J., "On an edible fungus from Tierra del Fuego", Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 19:37-43, summary in Proc., 1:97-98 (F1671). Contains extracts from CD's notes.

[page] 133

Edinburgh, Midlothian.
1838	Jun. Apart from his time at the University, CD visited on his way to Glen Roy.
Edinburgh University
1825-1827	1825 Oct.-1827 Apr. CD was at as a medical student, but did not qualify. See 1888 Feb. 16 St James's Gaz., 1888 May 22 Edinburgh Weekly Dispatch, 1935 Ashworth, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb., 55:97-113.
1825	Oct. stayed briefly at Star Hotel, Princes St, moving to 11 Lothian St, lodgings run by Mrs Mackay.
Edmonston, John
	Had been a servant of Dr Duncan. "A negro lived in Edinburgh, who had travelled with Waterton, and gained his livelyhood by stuffing birds...he gave me lessons for payment"—LLi 40. CD paid him a guinea an hour—Brent p. 45. Waterton, Wanderings in South America, 153, 1825 identifies him as John, a slave of Charles Edmonston of Demerara. On coming to Scotland and being freed he took the surname of Edmonston or Edmonstone. E lived at 37 Lothian St, CD lived at No. 11. See Freeman, Notes and Records Roy. Soc., 33:83-86, 1978.
Edmonston, Laurence, 1795-1879.
	Physician and naturalist. Correspondent with CD from Unst, Shetland. Father of Thomas.
Edmonston, Thomas, 1825-1846.
	Eldest son of Laurence. Visited Galapagos Is in HMS Herald. Accidentally shot in Peru.
The education of Darwin
1908	The education of Darwin, the first section of Darwin's autobiography, written in 1876, Boston, Directors of the Old South Work Leaflets, 8, No. 194 (F1478). Extracts from earlier part of CD's autobiography.
Edward
	A manservant at 12 Upper Gower St.
1839	Feb. 3 "Edward is such a perfect Adonis in his best livery, that he is quite a sight"—EDii 33.
1839	May, E occurs in CD's accounts.
1840	E had left and Parslow had arrived.
Edward VII, 1841-1910.
1866	Apr. 27 CD presented to when Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, at Royal Society Soirée. CD said nothing because he could not hear what the Prince said, "A nice good-natured youth".
1881	Int. Congr. Med. CD sat opposite. "The Prince (of Wales) spoke only a few civil words to me"—Brent p. 499.
1901-1910	King of Great Britain etc.
Edwards, Mr
	A resident at Downe—Darwin-Innes 207.
Edwards, Henry, 1830-1891.
	American entomologist and amateur actor.
1873	Correspondent with CD—FUL 87.
circa 1876	CD to E, thanking for photograph and glad E approved of Weismann's essay—Carroll 486.
Edwards, Henry Milne, 1800-1885.
	Zoologist. Belgian of British parents, he also used "Henri" as first name. Frequent correspondent.
1841-	Prof. Zoology Paris.
1845	FRS.
1854	CD sent Living Cirripedia to.

[page] 134

Egan, James
	Hungarian agriculturist of Budapest.
1858	CD corresponded with on colour of horses—Carroll 160, 161.
Egerton St, Westminster, London.
1882-1900	No. 12 home of Leonard D.
1902-1914	No. 10 or No. 14 home of William Erasmus D after death of wife in 1902. Gwendolen Mary D lived with him there when she was a student at Slade School of fine Art.
Egerton, Sir Philip de Malpas Grey, Bart, 1806-1881.
	Palaeontologist. 10th Bart. DNB.
1831	FRS.
1855	Oct. CD met at Shrewsbury, "He asked me why on earth I instigated you [C. Darwin Fox] to rob his poultry yard". E was a neighbour of F at the time. LLii 56.
Eiseley, Loren C., 1906-1977.
	Prof. Anthropology Pennsylvania.
1958	Author of Darwin's century, and several books on evolution.
Ehrenberg, Christian Gottfried, 1795-1876.
	Protozoologist. Prof. Zoology Berlin.
1845	Examined fine dust from Beagle in Atlantic for Protozoa—J. Researches 1845, 5.
1838	Die Infusionstierchen, Leipzig.
Electric fish
1881	CD to Romanes, parable about evolution of electric organs to get rid of parasites—Life of Romanes 106.
Elephant
1836	May 5 CD rode one in Mauritius from Capt. Lloyd's country house half way to Port Louis, "The circumstance which surprised me most was its quite noiseless step"—J. Researches 1845, 486. It was the only one in the island.
Elephant Tree
	Large beech on the sandwalk at Down House, also known as "Bismarck" and "The Rhinoceros".
1969	Cut down almost dead in 1969, but main trunk preserved.
"Elephants"
1869	[letter] "Origin of species [on the reproductive potential of elephants]", Athenaeum, No. 2174:861 (Bii 136, F1746).
1896	[letter with same title], ibid., No. 2177:82 (Bii 137, F1747).
"Elevation and Subsidence in the Pacific and Indian Oceans"
1837	"On certain areas of elevation and subsidence in the Pacific and Indian Oceans" Proc. Geol. Soc., 2:552-554 (Bi 46, F1647).
"Elevation on the Coast of Chile"
1837	"Observations of proofs of recent elevations on the coast of Chile, made during the survey of His Majesty's Ship Beagle, commanded by Capt. Fitzroy R.N.", Proc. Geol. Soc., 2:446-449 (Bi 42, F1645).

[page] 135

Élie de Beaumont, Jean Baptiste Armand Louis Léonce, 1798-1874.
	French geologist. Influentially anti-Origin. "Damned himself to everlasting fame" by coining the term "la science moussante" for evolutionism—LLii 185.
1853→	Perpetual Secretary of the Académie des Sciences.
1870	CD to Quatrefages, É calls CD's science "frothy", his own bubbles first of craters of elevation and second of direction of mountain chains according to age have "burst and vanished into thin air" everywhere but France—Carroll 382.
"Eliot, George", pseudonym, see Mary Ann Evans.
Elliot, Sir Walter, 1803-1887.
	Indian Civil Servant and archaeologist. DNB.
1855	CD met at British Association, Glasgow.
1856	CD writes to E in India asking for information on variation—Carroll 123, 162.
1857	E sent poultry skins from Madras to CD—MLi 99.
1866	KCSI.
1873	Title of CD's 1827 contribution to Plinian Society first printed by E in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb., 11:1-42, 17 footnote; also in Nature, Lond., 9:38.
1877	FRS.
Elliott & Fry
	Commercial photographers of London, later incorporated in Bassano & Vandyck Studios, now Bassano's Ltd.
circa 1880	Photographed CD on verandah at Down House. All, especially a., have been often reproduced and a. was long available as a commercial photograph.
a.	Standing by pillar in cloak and hat.
b.	Head and shoulders without cloak or hat.
c.	Seated on verandah in tightly wrapped cloak and with hat.
d.	Head and shoulders from same negative as a.
1909	Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) exhibition showed four different E & F photographs, dating them 1882.
Elliott, Mary
1887	ED to Henrietta Emma D, a villager at Downe.
Elston, near Newark, Notts.
	Elston Hall, seat of William Darwin [VI] whose wife, Anne Waring, had inherited from her mother, and present seat of senior branch of D family. Many early Ds are buried in All Saints' churchyard. Erasmus D [I] was born there.
Elwin, Whitwell, 1816-1900.
	Editor of Quarterly Review.
1849-1900	Rector of Booton, Norfolk.
1858	Read mss of Origin for John Murray.
Embury, George, see Tollet.
Emily Jane
?1865-1879	Domestic servant at Down House ?1865-1879.
Englefield, near Theale, Berkshire.
	Seat of the Benyon family—Darwin-Innes 256.
Engleheart, Stephen Paul, ?1830-1885.
1865	E was the village physician at Downe, known to D family as "Spengle".
1885	Died by drowning in Old Calabar, Africa, trying to visit a patient.

[page] 136

Entomological Society of London (Royal 1933)
1833	CD was an Original and Life Member, not Fellow which was not used until 1884 when Charter granted.
1838	Council Member and Vice-President and presided at several meetings—K. G. V. Smith Antenna 6:200-201, 1982. Smith says CD exhibited five species of Carabus from southern tip of South America, Proc. II:xli.
1856	CD to Mrs Lyell, "You might trust Mr. Waterhouse implicitly, which I fear as [illegible] goes, is more than can be said for all entomologists"—MLi 85.
1867	"No body of men were at first so much opposed to my views as the members of the London Entomological Society"—LLiii 69.
Eozoon
	A supposed fossil protozoan described by J. W. Dawson, Quart. J. Geol. Soc., 15:54. Later shown not to be of organic origin, but still described as a foraminiferan by A. Sedgwick, Student's textbook of zoology, 1:15, 1898.
1882	CD to D. Mackintosh, "As far as external form is concerned, Eozoon shows how difficult it is to distinguish between organised and inorganised bodies"—MLii 171.
Epping Field Club
	Later Essex Field Club.
1880	Jan. CD to William Cole, declining joining at foundation, but sending a guinea "in aid of your preliminary expenses".
	Feb. CD to same, accepting Honorary Membership—Essex Nat., 21:14, 1927.
Erichsen, Sir John Eric, Bart, 1818-1896.
	Surgeon. Prof. Surgery University College London. DNB.
1876	FRS.
1885	E was member of Vivisection Commission.
1895	Bart.
Errera, Léo Abram, 1858-1905.
	Belgian botanist.
1877	CD to and from on heterostyly especially in Primula elatior—Carroll 520-524.
1878	CD to and from, E had visited Down House, but CD was away—Carroll 544, 545.
1879	CD thanks for offprint on heterostyly—Carroll 563.
1879	E to CD sending photograph which CD had asked for; E asks for one in return—Carroll 563.
"Erratic Boulders of South America"
1841	"On the distribution of erratic boulders and on the contemporaneous unstratified deposits of South America", Proc. Geol. Soc., 3:425-430 (Bi 145, F1657); Trans. Geol. Soc., 415-431 (F661).
"Erratic Boulders, Transportal of"
1848	"On the transportal of erratic boulders from a lower to a higher level", Quart. J. Geol. Soc. (Proc.), 4:315-323 (Bi 218, F1677).
Erskine, Frances
	Married Sir (later Baron) Thomas Henry Farrer as 1st wife.
Erskine, William
	Married Maitland Mackintosh. Issue included Frances E.
Essay on Instinct
1883	In G. J. Romanes, Mental evolution in animals, posthumous essay on instinct by CD, 355-384, index 405-411 (F1434).
	First foreign editions:
1884	French (F1441), USA (F1435).
1885	German (F1443).
1894	Russian (F1449).
1907	Italian (F1447).
1967	Romanian (F1448).
1975	Complete transcript of original mss in R. C. Stauffer editor, Charles Darwin's Natural selection, 466-527, (F1440).

[page] 137

Essays of 1842 and 1844, see Sketches of 1842 and 1844.
Estonian
1949	First edition Journal of researches, (F179).
Ethnological Society
1861	CD Fellow.
Etruria Hall, Staffordshire.
	Home of Josiah Wedgwood [I].
1769 and before	Jun. 13, foundations laid before this when the section of the works for making ornamental ware was opened. Josiah I cast six black basalt vases to commemorate, later inscribed "Artes Etruriae renacuntur".
1774	Richard W moved there, died 1780.
1795	Jan. 2. Josiah [II] inherited estate and works, estate then 380 acres.
1795	Spring, Jos moved to Stoke d'Abernon, Surrey, his mother and Kitty remaining at the Hall.
1799	Jos bought Gunville, Dorset.
1804	Hall leased to Byerley.
1810	On death of Byerley, mother and Kitty lived in Hall while Parkfields was altered.
1814	Jos returned to Hall.
1830	Sep. Harrie and Jessie, just married, moved in.
1832	Frank and Frances moved in on marriage, and Jessie and John and Jane moved out.
1844	Hall and most of land sold, but works failed to reach reserve.
1930-1940	The old factory worked until 1930s, until a new one was opened at Barlaston, six miles away, in 1940.
1978	Hall, then an office building, remained, but nothing of works except the Round House.
Evans, Edward, ?-1846.
	Robert W. D's (CD's father's) butler at The Mount, Shrewsbury. "A faithfull friend and servant"—Brent p. 18. His wife was also in R. W. D's employ.
Evans, Mrs Margaret
	Born in Shrewsbury, niece of Edward E. Margaret E. was at Down House "for nearly forty years"—Woodall p. 39. Known as "Evvy". The "Mrs" is honorary, but E later made an eminently suitable marriage in the village—Bernard D p. 15.
1871-1882	Nurse to Leonard D then cook at Down House.
1881	wages were £36 per annum.
1882	E attended CD's funeral. She had a ticket for Jerusalem Chamber but was asked to join family mourners in the Choir.
Evans, Mary Ann, 1819-1880.
	Novelist under pseudonym "George Eliot". DNB EB.
1854-1878	E was common-law wife of G. H. Lewes.
1873	E with Lewes visited Down House for lunch.
1874	E attended seance with CD and ED at R. D. Litchfield's house.
1879	Oct. CD and ED called after Lewes's death.
1880	Married J. W. Cross, a New York Banker.
Everest, Robert, 1799-1860.
	Anglican priest. CD to E on degeneration of British dogs in India in Variation. Letter from CD to E in Sotheby sale, Honeyman III, 1979 May.
1850-1860	At Calcutta.
Evolution
1832	Geological use, Lyell, Principles 2:11.
1871	First use of the word in CD's sense is in Descent of man.
1872	First use in Origin is in 6th edition, 1872, 201 twice and 424 three times.
	Evolved is the last word in all editions of Origin.
Evolution by Natural Selection
1959	See Loewenberg, B. J.
Ewald, Julius Wilhelm, 1801-1891.
	German geologist.
1878	E seconded CD's election to Berlin Academy as Corresponding Member.
Ewart, Rev. Henry C.
	Anglican priest.
1882	Article by in Sunday Mag. on sermons preached about CD, after Westminster Abbey memorial service of 1 May—Atkins 50.
Ewart, James Cossor, 1851-1933.
	Zoologist.
1881	CD to Romanes, unable to give E a testimonial [for Edinburgh chair] because he has already given one for E. R. Lankester. Thinks that E is fit for the appointment, remembers interesting interview with E on bacteria at University College London laboratory—Carroll 604, 614.
1882-1927	Prof. Zoology Edinburgh.
1893	FRS.
1899	Pennycuik experiments, on telegony in horses, a theory in which CD once believed.
Expression of the Emotions
1872	The expression of the emotions in man and animals. See also Queries about expression. Oscar Rejlander posed himself for some of the pictures, including "surprised man". Others taken by Duchenne de Boulonge.
	First issue has last signature 2B22C3 (F1141); second issue 2B12C4 (F1142).
	First issue has plates numbered in Arabic; second issue, sometimes Arabic, sometimes Roman.
1969	Facsimile (F1175).
1890	2nd edition (F1146), edited by Francis D.
	First foreign editions:
1872	German (F1187), Russian (F1206).
1873	Dutch (F1182), Polish (F1203), USA (F1143).
1874	French (F1184).
1878	Italian (F1200).
?1902	Spanish (F1214).
1963	Hungarian (F1199).
1964	Czech (F1181).
1967	Romanian (F1205).

[page] 138

"Extinct Mammalia in the Neighbourhood of the Plata"
1837	"A sketch of the deposits containing extinct Mammalia in the neighbourhood of the Plata", Proc. Geol. Soc., 2:542-544 (Bi44, F1646).
Eyre, Edward John, 1815-1901.
	Australian explorer. DNB.
1864	Governor of Jamaica.
1865	E put down a negro insurrection.
1866	CD supported J. S. Mill's attempt to prosecute E for murder.
	CD subscribed to Jamaica Fund—LLiii 53.
Eyton, Thomas Campbell, 1809-1880.
	Known as "Tom". Ornithologist and specialist in skeletal variation. Donnerville House, Wellington, Shropshire. 23rd heir of the Eytons of Eyton. Anti-Origin. CD remembers hunting and fishing with him in their youth—Carroll 353. DNB.
	At Cambridge with CD and shot with him in vacations.
1835	Married Elizabeth Frances Slaney.
1839	E examined birds from Beagle voyage for Zoology of Beagle, and wrote appendix to Pt III, 147-156.
	Much correspondence with CD on skeletal variation.
1868	E sent CD his Osteologia avium, Wellington 1867.

[page 139]

F

"F"
after 1868	= Father, used by ED in writing to her sons when they were grown up.
	"I would as soon be called Dod"—CD.
Fabre, Jean Henri Casimir, 1823-1915.
	French entomologist.
1880	CD to F, praising Souvenirs entomologiques, 1879-1907.
1880-1881	CD letters to—MLi 385.
Fairfax, Mary, 1780-1872.
	Physical scientist. CD's letters to F at Somerville College Oxford—Patterson 1969 Brit. J. Hist. Sci. 4:336.
1812	Married as second husband William Somerville.
1869	On molecular and microscopic science. For this CD lent her woodblocks from Orchids.
1870	S agreed to H. W. Bates revising her Physical geography, 6th ed, but not to "infuse any Darwinism in it".
Falconer, Hugh, 1808-1865.
	Physician and palaeontologist. Often at Down House on his return from India.
1830	Went to India as Assistant Surgeon, Bengal.
1832	Superintendent of Botanic Garden, Saharunpur.
1845	FRS.
1848	Superintendent of Botanic Garden, Calcutta.
1859	Was living at Torquay for his health—MLi 455.
1861	F offered a live Proteus anguinus to CD.
1864	F proposed CD for Copley Medal of Royal Society.
1868	Palaeontological memoirs, 2 vols.
Falkland Islands
	British colony in South Atlantic.
1833	Mar. 1 "The present inhabitants consist of one Englishman (Dixon) who has resided here for many years and now has charge of the British Flag, 20 spaniards and three women, two of whom are negresses"—CD Diary p. 138-9—Keynes p. 118, writing of Port Louis.
1834	Mar. 16 Beagle at Berkeley Sound in East Falkland, Port Louis at head of sound. CD explored and returned Mar. 19.
	Port Darwin, at head of Choiseul Sound, named after CD. He crossed the isthmus near to it on Mar. 17.
"Falkland Islands geology"
1846	"On the geology of the Falkland Islands", Quart. J. Geol. Soc. (Proc.), 2:267-279 (Bi 203, F1674).
Farrar, Frederic William, 1831-1903.
	Anglican priest. Rector of St Margaret's Westminster. DNB EB.
1858	Eric or little by little.
1865	CD to F, congratulating him on Origin of language.
1866	FRS.
1882	Pallbearer at CD's funeral.
1883	Archdeacon and Rural Dean of Westminster.
Farrer, Cecilia Frances
1882	F was on "Family Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
1885	Married Sir Stafford Henry Northcote, 8th Bart, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh 1885.
Farrer, Emma Cecilia, 1854-1946.
	Only daughter of Sir Thomas Farrer. Known as "Ida". CD's daughter-in-law. CD liked to hear her singing Sullivan's "Will he come"—LLi 124.
1880	Married Sir Horace Darwin.
from 1893	The Honourable.
Farrer, "Ida", see Emma Cecilia Farrer.
Farrer, Katherine Euphemia, see Wedgwood.

[page] 140

Farrer, Mary, ?-1905.
	Sister of Sir Thomas Henry F. Married Arthur, Baron Hobhouse, 1819-1904.
1878	CD to Romanes, Lady Hobhouse is trustworthy—Carroll 547.
Farrer, Sir Thomas Henry, Bart, 1819-1899.
	Botanist. Barrister and Civil Servant. Abinger Hall, Dorking, Surrey. DNB EB.
	Married 1 Frances Erskine. 3 sons, 1 daughter: Emma Cecilia ("Ida").
	Married 2 Katherine Euphemia Wedgwood s.p.
1873	Aug. CD visited there for first time and often later which he much enjoyed.
1883	1st Bart.
1893	Baron.
Farrington, Benjamin
1966	What Darwin really said, London. Selections by F.
Fawcett, Henry, 1833-1884.
	Political economist and statesman. Blind. Biography: Leslie Stephen, 1885. DNB.
1860	F was present at Oxford British Association meeting.
1861	F was at Manchester British Association meeting and spoke in defence of Origin.
1861	F to CD, on J. S. Mill's opinion of the logic of Origin—MLi 189.
1862	"On the method of Mr. Darwin in his treatise on the origin of species", Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci., for 1861, 141.
1863-1884	Prof. Political Economy Cambridge.
1880-1884	Postmaster General.
1882	FRS.
Fayrer, Sir Joseph, Bart, 1824-1907.
	Physician and toxicologist in India. F provided cobra venom for Insectivorous plants.
1877	FRS.
1896	1st Bart.
Fegan, James William Condell, 1852-1925.
	Evangelical worker amongst poor boys in South London. Biography: W. Y. Fullerton [1930], contains letter from CD to F about the Reading Room.
1872	Founder of Fegan's Homes, Deptford.
1880	His parents, probably James F, 1808-1880, and wife Anna, ?-1907, (gravestone in Downe Churchyard), moved to Downe on retirement. CD lent him the village Reading Room, which he called the "Gospel Room".
1881 and later	F brought boys from his home to camp at Downe. They sang for CD who gave them 6d each. F also reclaimed drunks in the village and "did much good there"—EDii 244, Atkins 52.
Fellowes, Catherine, ?1900.
	Daughter of Isaac Fellowes, 5th Earl of Portsmouth and Lady Evelina Alicia Juliana Herbert.
1843	Married Seymour Phillips Allen.
Fernando de Noronha
	Atlantic oceanic islands, belonging to Brazil.
1832	Feb. 20 Beagle anchored off and CD ashore.
Ferrier, Sir David, 1843-1928.
	Physician. Prof. Neuropathology King's College London.
1877	FRS.
1881	F was prosecuted under Vivisection Act. CD had met at C. L. Brunton's house and offered to subscribe towards the expenses of the case—MLii 437, Brit. Med. J., 2:917, 1881.
1911	Kt.

[page] 141

Fertilisation of Flowers
1883	Hermann Müller, The fertilisation of flowers, London; preface, vii-x, by CD (F1432). Translation, by D'Arcy W. Thompson, of Befruchtung der Blumen durch Insekten, Leipzig 1873.
1950	Foreign edition, CD's preface only: Russian (F1433) 1950.
Fertilisation of Orchids, see Orchids.
"Fertilisation of Plants"
1877	Gardeners' Chronicle, 7:246 (Bii 191, F1780).
"Fertilisation of winter-flowering plants"
1869	Nature, Lond., 1:85 (Bii 160).
Ffinden, George Sketchley, 1836/37-1911 Jun. 20 aged 74.
	Anglican priest. Olive Willis described him as "that wicked man"—Atkins 48. Memorial in Downe church.
1871-1911	ff was Vicar of Downe, he was generally disliked.
1896	Mrs Ffinden is mentioned with nursemaid and baby in an elegant goat-carriage—ED.
Fife, George, 1807-1857.
	Physician of Newcastle-on-Tyne. Naturalist friend of CD at Edinburgh.
Figueroa, Augustín, Military Administrator of the Spanish Settlement of Port Soledad, Falkland Islands 1784-1786.
Findon, Mr
	Mr Findon's son, then a schoolboy at boarding school, of Downe—Atkins 104.?= Ffinden.
"Fine Dust Which Falls on Vessels in the Atlantic"
1846	"An account of the fine dust which often falls on vessels in the Atlantic ocean", Quart. J. Geol. Soc. (Proc.), 2:26-30 (Bi 199, F1672). The dust was analysed for protozoan content by Ehrenberg q.v.
Finnish
	First edition in: Origin of species (F653) 1928.
Fish, David Taylor, 1824-1901.
	Professional gardener and horticultural journalist.
1868	CD called F an 'excellent gardener' in Variation
1869	F objected to CD's views on earthworms, Gardeners' Chronicle 17 April, 1869, p. 418, prompting CD's response in F1745.
1882	Apr. 29 F wrote fine obituary tribute to CD, Gardeners' Chronicle—Allan, 295-296, Boulger and Britten.
Fisher, Mrs, see A. B. Buckley.
Fisher, Florence Henrietta, 1864-1920.
	Author of Six plays, Cambridge 1921.
	Married 1 Frederic William Maitland.
	Married 2 Sir Francis Darwin as 3rd wife s.p.
Fiske, John, 1842-1901.
	American evolutionist and theoretical biologist.
1871	CD to F, with invitation to visit Down House when he came to England—LLiii 193.
1874	F sent CD Outlines of cosmic philosophy, 2 vols, "I never in my life read so lucid an exposition"—MLi 333.
1879	Darwinism and other essays, London.
1884	Excursions of an evolutionist, London.
1884	The destiny of man viewed in the light of his origin, Boston.
1885	The idea of God as affected by modern knowledge, London.
Fitton, William Henry, 1780-1861.
	Physician and geologist.
1815	FRS.
1838	Aug. CD dined with at Athenaeum.

[page] 142

Fitz-Roy, Robert, R.N., 1805-1865.
	Surveyor and meteorologist. Son of Lord Charles Fitz-Roy, second son of 3rd Duke of Grafton, bastard descendant of Charles II. F's name is variously spelt; I have used that given in DNB. DNB EB.
1818	Entered RN College, Dartmouth.
1828-1830	1828 Nov. 13-1830 Nov. F was in command of Beagle from death of Commander Stokes in Aug. 1828 until end of 1st voyage.
1828	Commander.
1831	1831 Jun.-1836 Nov. in command of Beagle for whole of 2nd voyage.
	"...whether much hot coffee had been served out this morning"—junior officers' query about F's temper— Keynes p. 15
	CD's opinion of his character "Fitz-Roy's character was a very singular one, with many noble features: he was devoted to his duty, generous to a fault, bold, determined, indomitably energetic, and an ardent friend to all under his sway": "Fitz-Roy's temper was a most unfortunate one"—Barlow, Autobiography 72-73.
1832	F's opinions of CD's character are given in his letters to Beaufort, 1832 Apr. 28 "Darwin is a regular trump". Aug. 15 "He has a mixture of necessary qualities which make him feel at home, and happy, and makes everyone his friend"—Francis D, Nature, Lond., 88:547-548, 1912; Barlow, Cornhill, 72: 493-510, 1932, which also contains the best account of CD's relationship with F.
1835	Dec. Captain.
1836	Dec. 1 married Mary O'Brien.
1838	Sketch by P. G. King in Mitchell Library, Sydney, reproduced in Keynes p. 16.
	"Dr Wallich gave me a collection of photographs which he had made and I was struck with the resemblance of one to FitzRoy; on looking at the name I found it Ch. E. Sobieski Stuart, Count d'Albanie, illegitimate descendant of the same monarch"—CD Autobiography.
1839	F edited Narrative of the surveying voyages of...Adventure and Beagle, and also wrote an earlier brief account of the 2nd voyage, with a little on the 1st, J. R. Geogr. Soc., 6:311-343, 1836.
1849-1850	Commanded Arrogant, Steam Frigate.
1857	Rear Admiral.
1863	Vice Admiral.
1843-1845	Governor-General New Zealand.
1851	FRS, was proposed by CD.
1854-1865	Chief Statician [Statist], Meteorological Department, Board of Trade.
1857	F visited Down House, the last time he and CD met.
1859	F wrote to CD re Origin.
1859	Dec. CD to Lyell, enclosing a letter printed in The Times signed "Senex", "It is I am sure by Fitz-Roy...It is a pity he did not add his theory of the extinction of Mastodon, etc., from the door of the Ark being made too small"—MLi 129. "What a mixture of conceit and folly, and the greatest newspaper in the world inserts it"—Carroll 182.
1860	F was at Oxford meeting of British Association to give famous paper on British storms. Strongly anti-Origin, he is said to have walked out of the lecture room holding a bible over his head and exclaiming "The Book! the Book!" The story comes from George Griffith and A. G. Vernon Harcourt, who were both present—Poulton, Darwin and the Origin, 66.
1865	Apr. 30 F committed suicide at his home at Norwood, Surrey.
Flameng, Leopold , 1831-1911.
	French engraver.
1881	F engraved the John Collier oil portrait of CD. Copies are signed by artist and engraver.
Fletcher, Mr
1844	F was schoolmaster at Downe. CD sent F his mss of species theory for fair copy, now at Cambridge.

[page] 143

Fletcher, Harriet, 1799-1842.
	Of Isle of Wight. Daughter of Sir Richard F.
1834	Married William Darwin Fox.
Fletcher, Sir Richard, Bart, R.E.
	Father of Harriet F. Killed at Zaragoza in Peninsular War.
Flourens, Marie Jean Pierre, 1794-1867.
	French physiologist. Influential anti-Origin. F was Perpetual Secretary Academy of Sciences.
1864	Examen du livre de M. Darwin sur l'origene des espèces, Paris.
Flower, Sir William Henry, 1831-1899.
	Mammalogist.
1864	CD to F, about supposed sixth toe in frogs—MLi 251.
1864	FRS.
1873	"On palaeontological evidence of gradual modification of animal forms", J. Roy. Instn., pp. 94-104.
1877	F to CD, he had examined a pig's foot with an extra digit sent to CD by O. Zacharias—Carroll 510-512.
1882	F was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
1884-1898	Director British Museum (Natural History).
1892	KCB.
"Flowers and Insects"
1877	"Fritz Müller on flowers and insects", Nature, Lond., 17:78, introducing a letter from Müller, ibid., 17:78-79 (Bii 211, F1781).
Flowers and Their Unbidden Guests
1878	Kerner [Von Marilaun, Freiherr], Anton, Flowers and their unbidden guests, London, prefatory letter by CD v-vi (F1318); translation by W. Ogle of Die Schützmittel der Bluthen gegen unberufene Gaste, Innsbruck 1876.
"Flowers"
1861	"Cause of variation of flowers", J. Hort., 1:211 (Bii 43, F1715).
1866	"Partial change in sex in unisexual flowers", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 6:127 (Bii 130, F1735).
Flustra
	CDs paper to Plinian Soc. ref. to pp. 201-3 in Journal, add ref. to previous discovery by Sir John Dalyell.
"Flycatcher"
	CD's nickname used by all ranks on Beagle.
Flyer
	A cob used for pulling the coach at Down House.
circa 1882	"An old white mare living in honourable retirement in the field"—Bernard D p. 13.
Foliation
1846-1856	CD's views on geological foliation—MLii 199-210.
Forbes, David, 1828-1876.
	Geologist. Geological correspondent of CD in general. Brother of Edward F. DNB.
1856	FRS.
1860	CD to Hooker, CD praises F's work on geology of Chile.
Forbes, Edward, 1815-1854.
	Naturalist. Brother of David F. Often at Down House. A brilliant natural historian, but less sound on theoretical matters. Founder and moving spirit of the Red Lion Club, a convivial group of the British Association. Biography: Wilson and Geikie 1861. DNB.
1843-1854	Prof. Botany King's College London.
1845	FRS.
1848	Married Emily Ashworth. 2 sons, 1 daughter: 1. Edward born 1849 died at birth, 2. Edward born 1850, 3. Jane Teare born 1852.
1849	Nov. 20 CD to Lyell, "after more doubt and misgiving than I almost ever felt, I voted to recommend Forbes for Royal Medal, and that was carried, Sedgwick taking the lead"—MLii 131.
1854	Prof. Natural History Edinburgh.
1854	CD praised his introductory lecture at Edinburgh—MLi 78.
1854	Died prematurely of kidney failure.
1855	CD to Hooker, "poor Forbes", "of course I shall wish to subscribe as soon as possible to any memorial"—MLi 95.
1856	CD to Hooker, "but I must confess (I hardly know why) I have got to mistrust poor dear Forbes"—MLi 95.
1868	CD to Hooker, "false theories...that of polarity, by poor Forbes"—MLi 305.

[page] 144

Forbes, Emily, see Ashworth.
Forbes, James David, 1809-1868.
	Physicist and glaciologist. CD sent specimens of rocks to F—FUL 105.
1832	FRS.
1833-1868	Prof. Natural Philosophy Edinburgh.
Ford
1817	CD remembers that, when he was at Mr Case's school, aged 8½, he went for a walk with F on the Church Stretton road.—MLi 4.
Ford
	Cut most of the blocks for Descent of man.
1870	CD to A. Günther, praising their quality—LLiii 121.
Fordyce, John
1879	CD to F on theism—LLi 304, FUL 88.
1883	Author of Aspects of scepticism, London, which prints the letter.
Forel, Auguste Henri, 1848-1931.
	Swiss entomologist, especially of ants.
1874	CD to F, having read Les fourmis de la Suisse, Zurich—LLiii 191.
Forest, The
	Nickname for Woodhouse, Felton, Shropshire, home of the Owen family.
Forms of Flowers
1877	The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, London (F1277).
1878	2nd edition (F1279).
1884	2nd edition, 3rd thousand (F1281), with new preface by Francis Darwin.
1969	1st edition facsimile (F1294).
	First foreign editions:
1877	German (F1297), USA (F1275).
1878	French (F1296).
1884	Italian (F1299).
1948	Russian (F1302).
1949	Japanese (F1297).
1965	Romanian (F1301).
Forster, Johann George Adam, 1754-1797, and Forster, Johann Reinhold, 1729-1798.
	Father and son.
1772	J. R. F. FRS.
1772-1775	Both were naturalists on Commander James Cook's 2nd voyage.
1857	CD's cognomen as Member of Academia Caesarea Leopoldino-Carolina Germanica Naturae Curiosorum was "Forster".
Forster, Miss Laura May, 1839-1924.
	A lifelong friend of Henrietta Emma D.
1879	Jun. F lent her house, West Hackhurst, Abinger Hammer, near Dorking, Surrey, to CD for a holiday.
1881	Mar. F stayed at Down House to recuperate from an illness.
1892	Jul. F stayed at Down House—E. M. Forster (nephew) Marianne Thornton, 1956.
Forster, William Edward, 1818-1886.
	DNB.
1861-1886	Liberal MP.
1875	FRS.
1875	Member of Vivisection Commission—LLiii 201.

[page] 145

Forsyth, Charles Codrington, 1812-?
	Born South Arlington, Devon. Went on 3rd voyage of Beagle. Served in South Africa.
1832	Apr. joined Beagle as Volunteer 1st Class.
1834	Junior Midshipman.
1836	Oct. Midshipman on Beagle on return from 2nd voyage.
Foster, Sir Michael, 1836-1907.
	Physician. F edited Scientific memoirs of Huxley. DNB.
1869-1883	Prof. Practical Physiology University College London.
1871	CD asks F for curare for experiments for Insectivorous plants, and inviting to Down House: F sent it—Carroll 400, 401.
1872	FRS.
1872	CD again invites to Down House—Carroll 419.
1875	F saw and agreed to R. B. Litchfield's draft sketch for a vivisection bill—LLiii 204.
1882	F was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
1883-1903	Prof. Physiology Cambridge.
1899	KCB.
Foundations of The Origin of species, see Sketches of 1842 and 1844.
Fox, Alice Augusta Laurentia Lane, circa 1862-1947.
	Daughter of A. H. L. F. later Pitt-Rivers. Under "Rivers" in Burke.
1884	Married Sir John Lubbock.
Fox, Anne, see Darwin [III].
Fox, Augustus Henry Lane, 1827-1900.
	Soldier, archaeologist, anthropologist. Father-in-law of Sir John Lubbock. Father with Lubbock of evolution of culture. No evidence that F and CD ever met or corresponded.
1867	FRS.
1877	Major General.
1880	Added "Pitt-Rivers" to surname on inheritance.
1882	Hon. Lieut. General.
Fox, Frances
	Daughter of William Darwin Fox.
1852	Married Rev. J. Hughes.
Fox, Samuel
	Married Anne Darwin [III]. Father of William Darwin F.
Fox, Samuel William Darwin, 1841-?
	Son of William Darwin F. Vicar of St Paul's, Maidstone, Kent.
1876	Married Euphemia Rebecca Bonar of Edinburgh.
Fox, Victor William Darwin, 1883-?
	Grandson of Rev. William Darwin F.
Fox, Rev. William Darwin, 1805-1880.
	Son of Samuel F and Anne. CD's second cousin. At Christ's College, Cambridge, with CD and kept up correspondence.
1827	"Became acquainted with Fox and Way and so commenced Entomology"—Journal.
1828	CD stayed at family home, Osmaston near Derby.
1834	Married 1 Harriet Fletcher.
1838-1873	Vicar of Delamere, Cheshire.
1846	Married 2 Ellen Sophia Woodd. Had 11 children by 1853.
1859	CD sent 1st edition of Origin.
1868	CD thanks F for a return on sheep and cattle—Carroll 357.
1870	Nov. CD to F, will send copy of Descent when published. "It is very delightful to me to hear that you, my very old friend, like my other books"—Carroll 385.
Franke, Constance Rose, see Wedgwood.
Franke, Hermann, 1847-1908.
	German geologist. Of Leipzig
1880	Married Constance Rose Wedgwood s.p.
Frankland, Sir Edward, 1825-1899.
	Organic chemist. F did experiments for Insectivorous plants. DNB.
1853	FRS.
1865-	Prof. Chemistry College of Chemistry London.
1897	KCB.
Franklin Literary Society, Indiana.
1878	CD Honorary Member.
Fraser, Elizabeth Frances, 1846-1898.
	Sister of General Sir Thomas Fraser, a brother officer of Leonard D. Known as "Bee". CD's daughter-in-law.
1882	Married Leonard D, s.p.
	"She was elegant, fastidious, rustling in silk"—Bernard D p. 49.
Fred
	A groom at Down House, later on. "Fred...wore in his (tie) a metal horse-shoe which aroused unstinted admiration"—Bernard D p. 11.
Freeman, Richard Broke, 1915-
	See CD bibliography, 1965, 1977; Humble bees; Queries about expression; Questions about the breeding of animals.

[page] 146

Freke, Henry, ?-1888.
	Irish. Eccentric theoretical evolutionist.
1860	Origin of species by means of natural affinity.
1860	CD to Henslow, "Dr Freke has sent me his paper, which is far beyond my scope"—MLi 175.
1861	CD to Hooker, his results have been arrived at by "induction", whereas all my results are arrived at only by "analogy"—LLii 359.
French
	First editions in:
1860	Journal of researches (extracts only) (F180).
1862	Origin of species (F655).
1868	Variation under domestication (F912).
1870	Fertilisation of orchids (F818).
1872	Descent of man (F1058).
1874	Expression of the emotions (F1184).
1875	Journal of researches complete (F181).
1877	Climbing plants (F858).
1877	Insectivorous plants (F1237).
1877	Cross and self fertilisation (F1265).
1877	Biographical sketch of an infant (F1311).
1878	Coral reefs (F309).
1878	Different forms of flowers (F1296).
1882	Movement in plants (F1342).
1882	Vegetable mould and worms (F1403).
1888	Life and letters (F1514).
1902	Volcanic islands (F310).
French, Erasmus Darwin,  fl. 1875.
	Unqualified physician working for mining prospectors in Darwin, now a ghost town in Inyo County, California. Source of forenames unknown.
Freshwater, Isle of Wight.
1868	Jul. 17-Aug. 20 CD had family holiday at. Photographed by Julia Margaret Cameron there.
Friendly Club, Downe, see Downe Friendly Club.
Frog
1879	Fritz Müller on a frog having eggs on its back—on the abortion of hairs on the legs of certain caddis-flies, etc., Nature, Lond., 19:462-463; introducing a letter from Müller, ibid., 19:463-464 (Bii 216, F1784).
Fuegians
	The Indian tribes of Tierra del Fuego.
	The best account of those encountered by the crew of the Beagle as well as the history of Fuegia Basket, Jemmy Button, Boat Memory and York Minster, the Fuegians brought to England on the first voyage, three returned on the second, is in Fitz-Roy's Narrative, 2, esp. 1-16, 119-227.
	Their later history and that of Fuegians in general is in E. L. Bridges, Uttermost part of the earth, 1947.
"Fumariaceae"
1874	"Fertilisation of the Fumariaceae", Nature, Lond., 9:460 (Bii 182, F1769).

[page 147]

G

Gaertner, Carl Friedrich von, 1772-1850.
1849	Versuche und Beobachtungen uber die Bastarderzeugung im Pflanzenreich, Stuttgart, which CD thought highly of. Frequently referred to in Variation. Reprinted in Alexander Weinstein, "How unknown was Mendel's paper?" J. Hist. Biol. 10:341-64 esp.pp. 347-8, 1977.
1863	CD's paper "Vindication of Gaertner—effect of crossing peas", Cottage Gardener 29:93, not in Barrett; vindication is from aspersions by Donald Beaton.
Gabinete Portuguiz de Leitura, Pernambuco.
1879	CD Corresponding Member.
Galapagos Islands
	Ecuadorean Pacific islands, 90′-91′ W, 0′-1′ S.
	The importance of the fauna of these islands, especially of the ground finches now called "Darwin's finches" q.v., to the development of CD's early thoughts on evolution has often been stressed. There is a large biological literature on them, e.g. 1959 J. R. Slevin, Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 25, 1-150; 1963 Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 44:1-154; 1967 Nat. geogr. Mag., 131:540-585. Frank J. Sulloway 1984 Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 2l:20-59; whole part is on the islands 21:1-258, and as a book, but not about CD.
	Darwin Foundation set up in Brussels 1959, Julian Sorrell Huxley first President. H.Q. is at first buildings put up in 60s at Puerto Ayoro on Santa Cruz.
	The National Park about 7,000 sq. kilometres out of 8,000. National Park H.Q. is also at Puerto Ayoro. The rest was in the hands of about 5,000 Galapagans in 1978.
	Airstrip was on Baltra (South Seymour), a legacy from World War II.
1892	The whole archipelago was renamed by Ecuador in 1892 Archipélago de Colón, but the old names are still used in English writings on the group. The equivalent names are: Abingdon = Pinta; Albemarle = Isabela; Barrington = Santa Fé; Bindloe = Marchena; Charles = Floreana, Santa Maria; Chatham = San Cristóbal; Culpepper = Darwin; Duncan = Pinzón; Hood = Española; Indefatigable = Santa Cruz; James = Santiago, San Salvador; Jervis = Rabida; Narborough = Fernandina; South Seymour = Baltra; Tower = Genovesa; Wenman = Wolf.
	CD was ashore as follows, from Beagle log:
1835	Sep. 16 Beagle arrived, CD landed St Stephen's Bay, Chatham, for 1 hour.
	Sep. 17 Chatham, St Stephen's Bay, CD ashore after dinner.
	Sep. 18 Chatham, CD long walk after dinner, top of hill.
	Sep. 21-22 Northeast Chatham, CD and Covington slept ashore.
	Sep. 23 Charles, Post Office Bay, CD ashore collecting.
	Sep. 23 Charles, Black Beach, CD ashore collecting.
	Sep. 29 Albemarle, CD ashore.
	Sep. 30 Albemarle, Tagus Cove, CD ashore.
	Oct. 1 Albemarle, Tagus Cove, CD ashore.
	Oct. 8 James, Sulivan Bay, CD, Covington, Bynoe etc. camped ashore.
	Oct. 17 James, Sulivan Bay, party picked up again.
	Oct. 20 Beagle sailed for Tahiti.
1835	There was a penal settlement on Charles.
Galapagos Islands Finches
1837	John Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., pt. 5, No. 53, 1837. Members of the sub-family Geospizinae of the buntings, Emberizidae, with special evolution on the islands.
1837	CD, "Remarks on the habits of the genera Geospiza, Camarhynchus, Cactornis and Certhidea", Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., Pt 5:49 (Bi 40, F1644).
1839	J. researches, 378-380.
1946	D. Lack, Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 21.
1947	D. Lack, Darwin's finches, London.
Galapagos Islands Monument, Wreck Bay, Chatham.
1935	Erected in 1935 with inscription by Leonard D. Illustrated in Slevin, 136, 138. "Charles Darwin landed on the Galapagos Islands in 1835 and his studies of the distribution of animals and plants thereon led him for the first time to consider the problem of organic evolution. Thus was started the revolution in thought on this subject which has since taken place".

[page] 148

Galapagos Islands Research Station
1964	Built by Charles Darwin Foundation at Academy Bay, Indefatigable I. Dedicated 1964.
Galapagos Islands Stamps
1935	Commemorative issue by Ecuador, centenary of CD's visit; 2, 5, 10 and 20 centavos, with map, marine iguana, giant tortoise and head of CD respectively.
Galileo Galilei, 1564-1642.
1882	The comparison of CD with Galileo, so often made, stems from Asa Gray's obituary notice, 1882 Apr., Amer. J. Sci and May, Proc. Amer. Acad., "What Galileo was to physical science in his time, Darwin is to biological science in ours".
Galton, Darwin, 1814-1903.
	Of Claverdon Leys, Warwickshire. JP DL. Named after his mother Frances Anne Violetta née Darwin.
1840	Married 1 Mary Phillips.
1873	Married 2 Jane Arkwright.
Galton, Erasmus, 1815-?.
	Son of Samuel Tertius G. Naval officer.
Galton, Frances Anne Violetta, see Darwin.
Galton, Sir Francis, 1822-1911.
	Eugenicist and statistician. Ninth child of Samuel Tertius G. CD's half-first cousin. G was a voluminous writer on many topics. Biography: K. Pearson, 1914-1930; D. W. Forrest, 1974. Archive calendar: M. Merrington and J. Golden, 1976. DNB EB.
1839	Late Oct.or early Nov. visited CD at Upper Gower St when a student at King's College Hospital.
1840	Oct. went to Trinity College Cambridge.
1853	Married Louisa Jane Butler s.p.
1860	FRS.
1869	Hereditary genius, London.
1873	G sent CD a questionnaire on education and background—LLiii 177.
1874	English men of science, London.
1879	CD answered F's questions on the faculty of visualising for Inquiries into human faculty, 1883, "I am inclined to agree with Francis Galton in believing that education and environment produce only a small effect on the mind of anyone, and that most of our qualities are innate"—Barlow, Autobiography 43.
1908	Autobiography.
1909	Kt.
Galton, Lucy, see Barclay.
Galton, Lucy Harriot, 1809-48.
	Daughter of Samuel Tertius and Violetta G.
1832	Married James Moilliet of Choney Court, Hereford.
Galton, Mary Anne, 1778-1856.
	First child of Samuel John G. Known as "Mrs Skim". Strict Moravian, a most tedious woman. Biography: C. C. Hankin, 2 vols, London 1858.
1806	Married Lambert Schimmelpennick s.p.
Galton, Samuel John, 1753-1832.
	Armament manufacturer and Quaker. Married Lucy Barclay. Father of Samuel Tertius G. Great Barr House, Stafford. Member of Lunar Society of Birmingham.
1785	FRS.
1786-1791	Anonymous author of Natural history of birds, 4 vols, London 1786-1791, a children's book.
Galton, Samuel Tertius, 1783-1844.
	Son of Samuel John G. Father of Francis G.
1807	Married Frances Anne Violetta Darwin.
circa 1824	Taught CD how to use a vernier on a barometer at Shrewsbury.

[page] 149

Galton, Violetta, see Darwin.
"Gardening"
1864	"Ancient gardening", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 41: 965 (Bii 93, F1732).
Garth
1851	Jan. G went to British Museum with CD to look at W. P. Cocks's Irish cirripedes—FUL 93. ??misreading of mss.
Gaskell, Mrs Elizabeth Cleghorn, see Stevenson.
Gaudry, Jean Albert, 1827-1908.
	French palaeontologist. Calendar lists under Albert, J. G.
1868	CD to G, on reception of Origin in France and on paper in Geol. Mag., 372, 1868—LLiii 87.
1868	G was pro-Origin—LLiii 103.
Gautrey, Peter Jack
	Cambridge University Library, long responsible for CD archive. See Queries about expression.
Geach, Frederick F.
	Mining engineer in Malacca, introduced to CD by Wallace. Answered queries about expression for Malays and Chinese, see Emotions, 21.
Gegenbaur, Karl, 1826-1903.
	Prof. Anatomy Heidelberg. Calendar gives "Carl".
1864	An early convert to CD's views—MLi 257.
Geikie, Sir Archibald, 1835-1924.
	Geologist. Brother of James G. DNB EB.
1865	FRS.
1881-1901	Director General Geological Survey.
1891	Kt.
1907	KCB.
1908-1913	PRS.
1914	OM.
1924	Autobiography: A long life's work, London.
Geikie, James, 1839-1915.
	Geologist. Brother of Sir Archibald G. DNB EB.
1875	FRS.
1881	Prehistoric Europe, London, contains extracts from 2 letters from CD, 141-142 (F1351).
1882-	Prof. Geology and Mineralogy Edinburgh.
Geographical Society, Royal
1838-	CD Fellow.
"Geological Notes on Coasts of South America"
1836	"Geological notes made during a survey of the east and west coasts of South America, in the years 1832, 1833, 1834 and 1835, with an account of a transverse section of the cordilleras of the Andes between Valparaiso and Mendoza", Proc. Geol. Soc., 2:210-212 (Bi 16, F1642); CD's first paper under his own name alone.
Geological Observations on Volcanic Islands and Coral Formations
1838	Advertised as a book, but title abandoned and work issued as two books, Coral reefs and Volcanic islands qqv.
Geological Society of London
1836	Sep. 8 CD proposed by Sedgwick and Henslow.
	Nov. 2 elected. Nov. 4 admitted.
1838-1841	1838 Feb. 16-1841 Feb. 19 CD was Secretary. Sir Henry T. De la Beche was Foreign Secretary at the time.
1859	CD awarded Wollaston Medal, which from 1846 to 1860 was made of palladium.
1859	Feb. 18 Wollaston Medal presented to Lyell for CD in CD's absence through illness—Proc. geol. Soc. 1860 pp.xxii-iv.

[page] 150

Geology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle
1842, 1844, 1846	Intended as one volume in 3 parts, but issued as 3 books, Coral reefs, 1842, Volcanic islands, 1844 and South America, 1846 qqv.
1851	First appearance of the three bound in one volume, a remainder from unsold sheets (F274).
1890	Ward Lock edition of the three parts printed together (F279).
Georgian
1951	First edition in: Journal of researches (F187).
"Geospiza, Camarhynchus, Cactornis and Certhidea of Gould"
1837	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., pt 5:46 (Bi 40, F1644). CD's notes on habits of Darwin's finches, following John Gould's descriptions of CD's specimens from Galapagos Islands. There are four other papers by Gould in part 5 on CD's South American birds, but without notes by CD.
German
	CD had great difficulty in understanding the German language. See also Wien.
1880	CD to R. L. Tait, "German, which to almost all Englishmen is a great trouble and sorrow"—N&R 81.
	Also CD to Hooker "I have begun German". Hooker to CD "I have begun it many times".
	First editions in:
1844	Journal of researches (F188).
1860	Origin of species (F672).
1862	Fertilisation of orchids (F820).
1868	Variation under domestication (F914).
1870	"On the tendency of species to form varieties" (F365).
1871-1872	Descent of man (F1065).
1872	Expression of the emotions (F1187).
1876	Coral reefs (F311).
1876	Climbing plants (F860).
1876	Insectivorous plants (F1238).
1877	Volcanic islands (F312).
1877	Cross and self fertilisation (F1266).
1877	Different forms of flowers (F1297).
1877	"Biographical sketch of an infant" (F1343).
1878	South America (F313).
1880	Erasmus Darwin (F1323).
1881	Movement in plants (F1343).
1882	Vegetable mould and worms (F1404).
1885	Essay on instinct (F1443).
1887-1888	Life and letters (F1515).
1891	Letters on geology (F6).
Gibbs, George, 1815-1873.
	Ethnologist of Smithsonian Institution.
1867	Mar. G wrote to CD about Queries about expression, which S. F. Baird had shown him.
Gibson, Lucie, ?-1939.
	Red-haired. From Cork.
1888	Married Cecil Wedgwood. Governess to Mary W his half sister.
?1915	Director of Wedgwoods after C's death.
Gide, André, 1869-1951.
	"Je ne savais point que Darwin était uraniste. Qui vous a dit cela? Cette phrase ne la laisse-t-elle pas entendre?"—1924 Corydon, Troisième dialogue. The remarks refer to a French translation of CD's comments on the male Tahitians, adding that the females would look better if more dressed—J. Res. 2ed. 1845 p. 274
Gifford, Lady Harriet Maria, see Drewe.
Gifford, Robert, Baron
	Judge and M.P. Married Harriet Drewe, 7 children. Woodchester, Stroud, Gloucestershire.
1824	1st Baron.
Gilbert, Sir Joseph Henry, 1817-1901.
	Agricultural chemist. DNB EB.
1843-1901	At Rothamsted Experimental Station.
1860	FRS.
1876	CD to G on soil without organic matter; CD had met at Linnean Society—LLiii 342.
1893	Kt.
Gill, Mr
1835	Apr. 5 "When at Lima I was conversing with a civil engineer Mr.Gill, about ruins of houses in uninhabitable places—Diary pp. 301-4, Keynes p. 274.
"Glaciers of Caernarvonshire"
1842	"Notes on the effects produced by the ancient glaciers of Caernarvonshire, and on the boulders transported by floating ice", Phil. Mag., 21:180-186 (Bi 163, F1660).
1842	CD visited Caernarvonshire in May and June.

[page] 151

Gladstone, Helen, 1849-1925.
	Youngest child of William Ewart G.
1882-1896	Vice-Principal Newnham College Cambridge.
1882	G was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Gladstone, William Ewart, 1809-1898.
	Statesman. DNB EB.
1876	G visited Down House in company with Huxley, Lord Morley, and Playfair, whilst staying at High Elms. How honoured CD was "that such a great man should come and visit me"—Atkins 85.
1877-1879	CD corresponded with, mostly on behaviour—FUL 88-90.
1880	G arranged a Civil List pension for Wallace.
1881	FRS.
1881	Jan. G wrote personally to CD about Wallace pension.
Glasgow
1827	May CD visited on a spring tour—Journal.
1838	Jun. CD visited at end of geological trip to Glen Roy.
1855	CD and ED went to British Association meeting.
Glass, Dr
	Director of Botanic Garden, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
1881	G wrote to CD about graft hybrids of sugar cane.
1882	CD to Romanes, about preparing a paper by Villa Franca and G, Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., 1880-1882: 30-31.
Glen Roy, Lochaber, Inverness-shire.
	1974 Martin Rudwick Studies in Hist. Philosoph. Science 5:165-7.
1838	End of Jun. CD spent "8 good days there"—LLi 290.
1839	"Observations on the parallel roads of Glenroy, and of other parts of Lochaber, with an attempt to prove that they are of marine origin", Phil. Trans., 129:39-81 (Bi 89, F 1653).
1841-1880	Full discussion and letters about—MLii 171-193.
1861	"My paper was one long gigantic blunder from beginning to end. Eheu! Eheu!"—MLi 188.
1861	"I do believe every word in my Glen Roy paper is false"—MLii 192.
1876	"A good lesson never to trust in science to the principle of exclusion. A great failure"—LLi 69.
1880	CD to Prestwich "I gave up the ghost with more sighs and groans than on almost any other occasion in my life"—Life of Prestwich 300.
Glenie, Rev. Samuel Owen, 1811-1875.
	Anglican clergyman.
1868	G to CD, answering Queries about expression, and on weeping in elephants—Emotions 167.
1868	CD to Thwaites asking him to thank G for "excellent letter"—Carroll 354, 358.
1871	Chaplain at Trincomalee, Ceylon, retired 1871.
Glutton Club, see Gourmet Club, of which it was a nickname.
Goddard, Right Rev. Isaac, 1836-1909.
	Chaplain for many years to the Empress Eugenie.
1873	Priest at Chislehurst who annoyed ED by preaching about Louis Napoleon as if he were a saint.

[page] 152

Goodacre, Francis Burges, Rev. Dr. 1829-1885
1879	G sent CD hybrids between common goose and Chinese goose which were apparently fertile—LLiii 240, Nature, Lond., 21:207. The offspring of this cross is fertile.
Goodwin, Rev. Harvey, 1818-1891.
	Anglican priest and mathematician. DNB.
1869-1891	Bishop of Carlisle.
1882	May 1 G preached sermon at CD's memorial service, Westminster Abbey, in place of Archbishop of Canterbury, Archibald Campbell Tait, who withdrew at short notice—Atkins 49.
"Goose"
1880	"Fertility of hybrids from the common and Chinese goose", Nature, Lond., 21:207 (Bii 219, F1786). See also Goodacre.
Goree Roads, eastern end of Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego.
1833	Jan. 15-Feb. 9. Beagle at.
Gorringes
	A house near Downe. A Sir Hugh Lubbock and a Mrs Forrest are recorded as living there—Atkins 104.
1926-1954	Later home of Bernard Richard Meirion Darwin.
Gosse, Philip Henry, 1810-1888.
	Naturalist and Plymouth Brother. Biography: Edmund Gosse (son), 1890 Life; 1907 Father and son. DNB.
1856	FRS.
1861	CD read some book of his, Francis D suggests Naturalist's sojourn in Jamaica, 1851, but more likely Letters from Alabama, 1859.
1863	CD to G, on fertilisation of orchids, which G cultivated.
Gould, John, 1804-1881.
	Ornithologist. Taxidermist to Zoological Society of London. Producer of sumptuous bird books. DNB.
1837	G described CD Beagle birds in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. (F1643, 1644) with notes on habits by CD and others without.
1838-1841	Zoology of Beagle, Pt III, Birds q.v. (F8).
1843	FRS.
Gourmet Club
	Formed by CD and friends at Cambridge, nicknamed "Glutton Club". CD was at one time President. Members included Blane, Lovett Cameron, Heaviside, Herbert, Lowe, Watkins and Whitley qq.v.—N&R 65.
Gower Street, No. 110, see Upper Gower St No. 12.
Graham, John, 1794-1865.
1829	G was an examiner for Little-go at Cambridge.
1830-1848	Master of Christ's College.
Graham, William, 1839-1911.
	Prof. Jurisprudence Queen's College Belfast. DNB.
1881	CD to G, on reading his Creed of science, London—LLi 315.
Grange estate
circa 1830	Inherited by Edward Simcoe Drewe, near Honiton, Devon.
Grange, The, see Newnham Grange.

[page] 153

Grant & Maddison, Bankers, Southampton.
	Looked after CD's investments.
1862-1902	William Erasmus D a partner.
1902	Taken over by Lloyd's.
Grant, Miss
1857	Governess at Down House for six months.
Grant, Robert Edmond, 1793-1874.
	Zoologist and physician. G was with CD at Edinburgh and they collected on the sea-shore together. Biography: Freeman 1964. DNB.
1827-1874	Prof. Zoology and Comparative Anatomy University College London.
1836	FRS.
1836	G was willing to examine Beagle corallines.
1861	G dedicated his Tabular view of the primary divisions of the animal kingdom to CD, with a long letter about G's early views on evolution.
1861	G is mentioned in the historical sketch of 1861, but not in the USA and German versions of 1860.
1876	"He did nothing more in science, a fact which has always been inexplicable to me"—Autobiography.
	Huxley of G: "I met nobody, except Dr. Grant, of University College, who had a word to say for Evolution—and his advocacy was not calculated to advance the cause"—LLii 188.
1984	Two papers stressing G's pre-darwinian lamarckist views 1984 Adrian Desmond J. Hist. Biol. 17:189-223, Arch. Nat. Hist. 11:395-413.
Grasmere, Westmorland.
1879	Aug. CD visited on day trip from Coniston.
Gray, Asa, 1810-1888.
	American botanist. Intimate friend and correspondent of CD. Biography: Jane Loring Gray (wife), 2 vols, 1894. Letters are at Gray Herbarium, Harvard. EB.
1842-	Fisher Prof. Natural History Harvard.
1855 or before	CD met at Kew.
1859	CD sent 1st edition Origin.
1860	"Natural selection not inconsistent with natural theology", Atlantic Monthly, Jul., Aug., Oct.
1861	Oct. Produced in London as a pamphlet at CD's expense. Letters on its distribution; CD presented thirty-two copies—Darwin-Gray 92-93.
1862	Hooker to CD "A. Gray knows no more of the philosophy of the 'struggle for life' than the Bishop of Oxford does"—L. Huxley Life and letters of Hooker II, p. 41, 1918. The remark refers to the American civil war.
1868	Oct. 24 dined at Down House and stayed.
1873	Foreign Member RS.
1877	Forms of flowers is dedicated to G. 1876 Darwiniana, New York.
1939	Correspondence with CD calendared by Historical Records Survey with introduction by Bert Loewenberg 1939, reprint 1973.
Gray, George Robert, 1808-1872.
	Younger brother of John Edward G. Zoologist. Assistant Natural History Department, Bristish Museum. DNB.
1839-1841	G wrote much of the text for J. Gould's Birds, pt III of Zoology of Beagle, when Gould was in Australia.
1866	FRS.
1869	CD refused to write testimonial for G on grounds that he did not know enough of G's work—FUL 90-93.
Gray, John Edward, 1800-1875.
	Elder brother of George Robert G. Zoologist. Biography: Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 15:218, 1875. DNB.
1832	FRS.
1840-1874	Keeper of Zoology, British Museum.
1854	CD to G—FUL 93.
1856	To Mrs Lyell, suggesting that she offer a collection of beetles to G for the Museum—MLi 84.

[page] 154

Great Cumberland Street, London.
1830	No. 14 home of Sir James Mackintosh and his daughter, Mrs Rich.
Great Marlborough Street, London.
1837-1838	No. 36 CD's lodgings 1837 Mar. 13-1838 Dec. 30.
from before 1837	No. 43 home of Erasmus Alvey D.
Great Pucklands, see Pucklands.
Greek
	First editions in:
1900	Journal of researches (F206).
1915	Origin of species (F698).
Green, Rev. John Richard, 1837-1883.
	Historian. DNB.
1860	G was present, as an undergraduate student, at British Association Oxford meeting. He described the scene to Boyd Dawkins, then a fellow student—LLii. 322.
1869-	Librarian at Lambeth Palace.
Greg, William Rathbone, 1809-1881.
	Social essayist.
1878	CD to G, on G's son's views on and objections to CD's views on evolution—Carroll 557.
Gresson, Rev. G. T.
	Of Worthing.
before 1863	Second master at Bradfield College, "a great dandy who wore white flannel trousers, a delicately tinted shirt, a purple velvet cap with tassel and primrose gloves for football"—Blackie, Bradfield 1850-1975, 37, 1976.
1863	Innes suggested G as a possible tutor to CD's sons—Darwin-Innes 216.
Gretton, Frederick Edward, 1802-1890.
	Was at Shrewsbury School and a friend of Erasmus Alvey D. Anglican priest.
1844-72	Headmaster Stamford Grammar School.
1889	Of CD: "I just remember him—a dullish apathetic lad, giving no token of his after-eminence"—Memory's harkback p. 33.
Greville House, Paddington Green, London.
1822	Jan. ED and sister Frances at school there for one year. Headmistress Mrs Mayer—EDi 142.
Greville, Robert Kaye, 1794-1866.
	Botanist, expert on cryptogams especially Scottish. Read medicine at Edinburgh but did not qualify. Philanthropist.
	Collected with CD of shores of Firth of Forth, including Isle of May; "He had actually to lie down on the greensward to enjoy his prolonged cachinnation" (at the cries of kittiwakes)—F. W. Ainsworth p. 604, 1883 May 13.
1856	M.P. for Edinburgh.
Grey, Sir George, 1812-1898.
	Governor of NZ, later of South Africa. Long-term correspondence with CD mostly on geology. 1902 ?N.Z. Herald, Auckland Sep. 6, W. L. and Lily Rees biography 1892.
1837	Travelled to Australia in Beagle on 3rd voyage, occupying CD's old cabin.
1855	CD to G "I have during many years been collecting all the facts and reasoning which I could to the variation and origin of species" ??earliest use of phrase.
Griesbach, A. W.
	Newsletter of the Geological Curators Group I, no. 2, pp. 49-50, 1974.
1864	B. D. Walsh to CD, G introduced W to CD at Christ's College, Cambridge "more than thirty years ago"—MLi 249.
Grieve, Symington, 1848-1932.
	Ornithologist, expert on great auk.
1882	Mar. 22 CD to G, on floating stones supporting fuci.
Griffin, R. & Co., Publishers, London.
1860	CD corrected his own entry in their Comprehensive dictionary of biography—FUL 94.
Gros, near Abergele, Denbighshire.
1813	CD went with family for sea bathing—Journal.
Grote, George, 1794-1871.
	Historian and educationalist. DNB.
1857	FRS.
1862-	Vice-Chancellor University of London.
1840s	In the 40s CD met at Lord Stanhope's—LLi 76.

[page] 155

Grove, The, Hartfield, Sussex.
until 1862	Home of Charles Langton.
Grove, The, Huntingdon Rd, Cambridge.
1882-1896	ED moved there for the winters.
Grove, Sir William Robert, 1811-1896.
	Physicist and barrister.
1840	FRS.
1866	CD to Hooker, G as President of British Association, Nottingham, "disappointed in the part about Species; it dealt in such generalities that it would apply to any view or no view in particular"—LLiii 48.
1871	Kt.
1880	Judge.
"Growth"
1877	"Growth under difficulties", Gardeners' Chronicle, 8:805 (Bii 213, F1782).
Gruber, Howard E.
1974	Darwin on man. A psychological study of scientific creativity; together with Darwin's early and unpublished notebooks, London. Transcriptions by Paul E. Barrett of M & N notebooks with extracts from B-E, Essay on theology and natural selection, Questions for Mr. Wynne (F1582).
Gulick, John Thomas, 1832-1923.
	USA missionary and naturalist.
1872	CD to G, G to CD, about extremely limited distribution of species, especially land molluscs in the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii)—Carroll 421-423.
Gully, James Manby, 1808-1883.
	Physician. In charge of cold water cure at The Lodge, Malvern. DNB.
1849	When CD first went to Malvern, G made him give up snuff.
Günther, Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf, 1830-1914.
	Zoologist. On staff of British Museum (Natural History).
1867	FRS.
1869	G gave CD information on sexual differences in fish.
1870	G arranged for cutting of blocks for Descent by Ford.
1871	Feb. G at Down House—FUL 95.
1882	G was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Gunville Tarrant, Dorset.
1799	Bought by Josiah Wedgwood [II].
1800-1805	Home of Josiah Wedgwood [III].
1803	Jos bought Maer Hall, but continued at G.
1803	Jos was elected Sheriff of Dorset, but seems to have been living there by 1804.
1814	Thought of selling because he was living at Etruria, but back at Maer by 1816.
Gurney, Edmund, 1847-1888.
	Writer on music and psychic research. DNB.
1876	CD to G on music—LLiii 186.
1881	G wrote on vivisection in Fortnightly Rev., 30:778.
1882	On same subject, Cornhill, 45:191, referred to—LLiii 210.
1882	G was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.

[page 156]

H

Haast, Sir John Francis Julius von, 1822-1887.
	New Zealand geologist. DNB.
1863	CD to H on New Zealand geology and natural history—LLiii 6.
1866	Prof. Geology New Zealand University, Canterbury.
1867	FRS.
1886	KCMG.
Hacon, William Mackmurdo
	Solicitor. H acted for CD, although they never met. "Everything I did was right, and everything was profusely thanked for"—H's feeling for CD in Francis D's reminiscences—LLi 120.
1843-1885	Practised.
1870-1884	His partners varied, but Hacon & Turner, 101 Leadenhall St, London.
Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich Philipp August, 1834-1919.
	German biologist and physician. Second son of Karl H and — Sethe. The apostle of darwinism in Germany. H's wild, and mostly unsupported, phylogenetic speculation, combined with his popular reputation, held back experimental scientific work on evolution. Biography: Bölsche 1900.
1862	Married 1 Anna Sethe d.s.p.
1863	Mar. CD to Lyell, "A first rate German naturalist (I now forget the name)"—LLiii 16.
1865-	Prof. Zoology Jena.
1866	Oct. H stayed at Down House.
1867	Married 2 Agnes Huschke. 1 son, 2 daughters.
1867	CD complains to Huxley of excess of neonyms in H's Generelle Morphologie, 1866—MLi 277.
1868	CD to H "your boldness sometimes makes me tremble"—LLiii 105.
1869	Huxley "The Coryphaeus of the Darwinian movement in Germany"—LLiii 67.
1876, 1879	Visited Down House. His recollections "I fancied a lofty world-sage of Hellenic antiquity—a Socrates or Aristotle—stood alive before me"—1882 Nature 26:533-41.
	Main works:
1866	Generelle Morphologie, 2 vols.
1868	Natürliche Schöpfungeschichte.
1874	Anthropogenie.
1877	Die heutige Entwickelungslehre in Verhältnisse zur Gesammtwissenschaft.
1878-1879	Gesammelte populäre Vorträge aus dem Gebiete der Entwickelungslehre.
1882	Die Naturanschauung von Darwin, Goethe, and Lamarck.
1894	Die systematische Phylogenie.
Hägg, Axel Hermann, see Haig.
Hague, James Duncan, 1836-1908.
	USA geologist.
1871	Feb. visited Down House.
1884	H wrote reminiscences of visit in Harper's Mag. Concerning Descent, "everybody is writing about it without being shocked"—LLiii 133.

[page] 157

Haig, Axel Hermann, 1835-1921.
	His name is also spelt Hägg. Swedish artist and architect.
1882	H engraved new study at Down House a week after CD's death, when it had not been disturbed.
Haile, Peter
	A bricklayer at Parkfield, the home of CD's aunts Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood [I] and Catherine W. A recollection of him was one of CD's earliest memories in his childhood—MLi 2.
Haliburton, Sarah, see Owen.
Haliburton, Thomas Chandler, 1796-1865.
	Nova Scotian judge. Married Sarah Owen. DNB.
1837-1840	Author of Sam Slick.
Hall, Captain Basil, 1788-1844.
	R.N. Anthropologist. DNB.
1816	FRS.
1838	Athenaeum acquaintance of CD.
Hall, ?Jeffrey Bock, 1807-1886.
1829	Cambridge friend of CD.
Halsey, Henry
	Of Hanley Park, Surrey. Father of Mary H.
Halsey, Mary
	Daughter of Henry H.
1848	Married Robert Wedgwood as second wife.
Hamond, Robert Nicholas, 1809-1883.
	Mate, spent a lot of time ashore with CD. Went with CD to sacrament prior to voyage to Tierra del Fuego.
1827	Lieut.
1828	His elder brother Anthony married Mary Ann M, sister of Charles M.
1832	Jul. joined Beagle to replace Musters. "I have seen more of him than any other and like him accordingly"—CD letter home.
1833	May left Beagle for stammering.
1836	Married Caroline Musters, another sister of Charles M.
1882	One of CD's surviving shipmates from Beagle—LLi 221.
Hancock, Albany, 1806-1873.
	Invertebrate zoologist. Of Newcastle-on-Tyne. DNB.
1849	"On the occurrence on the British coast of a burrowing barnacle, being a type of a new order of the class Cirripedia", Athenaeum, No. 1143: 966 (Bi 250, F1678), with notes by CD, read to British Association meeting 1849.
1855	CD thought him a "higher class of labourer than J. O. Westwood", and suggested him for a Royal Medal of Royal Society—MLi 80.
1858	Received Royal Medal of Royal Society.
1886	CD's letters to H published in Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Northumberland, Durham and Newcastle, 8:263-265.
Hanley, Dr., see probably Hawley.
Harbour, Mr
	A man employed by CD to collect beetles for him around Cambridge.
1829	CD to Fox, "I have caught Mr. Harbour letting Babington qv. have the first pick of the beetles; accordingly we have made our final adieus"—LLi 177.
Hardie
	Physician. Friend of CD at Edinburgh when a student, went on natural history trips together. Ashworth, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb., 55:112, 1934, identifies him as Willoughby Arding q.v., but CD says that he died young in India.
Harding, Elizabeth
1846	Nurserymaid at Down House, aged 13, from Staffordshire. Known as "Bessy". Got lost with William D, aged 3, and Frances Julia Wedgwood, aged 9, in Cudham Wood—Atkins 40.
Haredene Albury, near Guildford, Surrey.
	The house belonged to Henry Drummond, an Irvingite.
1871	Jul.-Aug. CD and family spent a holiday there.

[page] 158

Harley, Agnes
	Of Slindon, Sussex.
1907	Married Rowland Wedgwood as second wife.
Harriet, ?-circa 1950.
	Second housemaid at Down House. Long description in Bernard D pp. 15-16.
until 1925	Stayed on with ED and then with Bessy D until latter's death 1925.
Harris
	A gentleman farmer of Orange Court, Downe.
Harris, James
	A sealer of Del Carmen on Rio Negro. Acted as pilot to Wickham in La Paz, whilst his friend Roberts acted for Stokes in La Liebre—D and Beagle p. 75.
Harris, Sir William Snow, 1791-1867.
	Electrical engineer. CD met at Plymouth. Known as "Thunder and lightning Harris". DNB.
1831	FRS.
1831	H's type of lightning conductor was fitted to all masts of Beagle, long before they were adopted by the navy for all ships.
1848	Kt.
Harrison, Frederic, 1831-1923.
	Popular writer.
1871	CD to H on beauty—Carroll 392.
Harrison, Lucy Caroline, see Wedgwood.
Harrison, Matthew James
1874	Married Lucy Caroline Wedgwood and had offspring.
Hartfield, Village in East Sussex.  The houses are on the edge of Ashdown Forest.
?1840-1863	Can mean Hartfield Grove, a quarter of a mile from The Ridge, home of Charles Langton and family.
1847-1868	In biography usually means The Ridge, Hartfield, home of Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood [II], built for her 1847, left 1868.
1855	George Howard D, aged 10, was allowed to ride the 20 miles from Downe alone—Atkins 41.
Hartfield Grove, House at Hartfield, Sussex, q.v.
Hartley, George Justinian
1874	Married Mary Frances Wedgwood.
Hartung, Georg, ?1822-1891.
	German geologist, specialist on geology of Atlantic islands.
1858	CD corresponded with, through Lyell, on Azores—LLii 112.
Harvey, William Henry, 1811-1866.
	Algologist. DNB.
1856-	Prof. Botany Trinity College Dublin.
1858	FRS.
from at least 1858	CD was a friendly correspondent with.
1860	Feb. 17 H read a "serio-comic squib" to Dublin University Zoological and Botanical Association—LLii 314. This was published as a pamphlet An inquiry into the probable origin of the human animal etc., Dublin. CD's copy, at Cambridge, is marked "With the author's repentance, Oct. 1860".
1860	H wrote courteous but anti-Origin review in Edinb. Rev.
1860	Aug. CD to H about Whale-bear story, "I struck it out in the second edition"—MLi 162.
1860	CD to Gray, "Even [H]...is not nearly so savage against me as...when he published his foolish pamphlet"—Darwin-Gray 90.
1861	H wrote another review in Dublin Hosp. Gaz., May 15.
Hastings, Sussex.
1853	Jul. CD visited for day from Eastbourne.
Hatherly, Baron, see W. P. Wood.
Haughton, Rev. Samuel, 1821-1897.
	Man of science. DNB.
1851-1881	Prof. Geology Trinity College Dublin.
1858.	FRS.
1858	Feb. 9 H's address to Geological Society of Dublin is the first comment on the CD and Wallace statement to Linnean Society "If it means what it says it is a truism; if it means anything more, it is contrary to fact"—LLii 157.
1860	CD to Gray, with footnote CD to Hooker, "A review in the last Dublin Nat. Hist. Review is the most unfair thing which has appeared—one mass of misrepresentations", "Do you know whether there are two Rev. Prof. Haughtons at Dublin", "Can it be my dear friend?"—MLi 153.

[page] 159

Hawkins, Benjamin Waterhouse, 1807-1889.
	Artist. H drew and put on stone the plates for Fish and Reptiles in Zoology of H.M.S. Beagle. H. made the Crystal Palace giant reptile replicas.
Hawkshaw, Sir John, 1811-1891.
	Civil engineer. Of Hollycombe, Sussex. Father of John Clarke H.
1855	FRS.
1873	Kt.
1876	Jun. CD visited his home, Hollycombe, near Midhurst, Surrey.
Hawkshaw, John Clarke, 1841-1921.
	Eldest son of Sir John H. Brother of Mary H. Known as Clarke.
1865	Married Cicely Mary Wedgwood. Three children.
Hawkshaw, Mary, ?-1863.
	Daughter of Sir John H. Sister of John Clarke H.
1862	Married Godfrey Wedgwood as first wife.
1863	Died in childbed.
Hawley, Dr Richard Maddock
	This is the "Dr Hanley" mentioned in MLi p. 6. Lecturer in Physiology, Edinburgh. Medical author. Was English not Scots.
1807	MD Edinburgh.
1825	Oct. 26. CD and Erasmus Alvey D called on him on their arrival in Edinburgh.
1827	FRCP Edinb.
Healey, Mary, ?-1679.
	Sixth generation ancestor of CD in male line.
circa 1600	Married William Darwin [I] as second husband.
Heathcote, Miss
1874	CD to Lyell, "I was glad to hear at Southampton from Miss Heathcote a good account of your health"—MLii 237.
Heathorn, Henrietta Anne, 1825-1915.
	Of Sydney. Known as Nettie.
1855	Married Jul. 25 Thomas Henry Huxley.
1882	H was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Heaviside, Rev. James William Lucas, 1808-1897.
	Canon of Norwich. Cambridge friend of CD, member of Gourmet Club.
1833-1838	Fellow of Sidney Sussex College Cambridge.
1836	CD met in Cambridge.
1838-1857	Prof. Mathematics H.E.I.C. Haileybury.
Hebrew
	First editions in:
1930	Journal of researches (F207).
1948-1949	Autobiography (F1520).
1960	Origin of species (F700).
"Hedgehogs"
1867	"Hedgehogs", Hardwicke's Science Gossip, 3:280 (Bii 137, F1740).
Heer, Oswald, 1809-1883.
	Swiss palaeobotanist and entomologist. Prof. Botany Zurich.
1850	H went to Madeira for his health.
1878	Royal Medal of Royal Society.
1878	H seconded CD's election to Fellowship Koenliglich-Preussiche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin.

[page] 160

Hellyer, Edward H., 1811-1833.
	Clerk on 2nd voyage of Beagle.
1833	May, drowned at Falkland Is, collecting bird for Captain.
Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von, 1821-1894.
1858-	Prof. Physiology Heidelberg.
1878	H seconded CD's election to Fellowship Koenlich-Preussiche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin.
Hemmings, Henry
until 1856	Manservant to Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood [I] at Petley's, Downe, until her death 1856 when he returned to Maer.
1872	H was alive but with a bad heart.
Henderson, Thomas, 1796-?
	Captain's Coxswain on 2nd voyage of Beagle. Quartermaster, Boatswain's Mate...if required.
Henry, Isaac Anderson, 1800-1884.
	Lawyer and plant hybridiser, of Edinburgh.
1849	CD to H, on Phlox and Mimulus—Carroll 86.
1863	CD to H, on cross and self fertilisation and on the uselessness of the compound microscope—MLii 297.
1867	H offered to lend CD De Maillet's Telliamed, 1748—MLi 280.
Henry, Samuel P., 1800-1852.
	CD met with his father a missionary in Tahiti—Narrative 2, pp. 524, 546, 615—Red Notebook p. 83.
Hensleigh, Elizabeth, 1738-1790.
	CD's maternal great-grandmother. Of Panteague. Origin of name H in Wedgwood family.
1763	Married John Bartlett Allen as first wife.
Henslow, Anne
	Daughter of J. S. Henslow. Married — Barnard.
1871	H to CD, telling him of a visit to Colchester mental asylum, seeing a girl with pointed ears—Carroll 389.
1871	CD to H, thanking her for information and praising John Stevens H—Carroll 390.
Henslow, Frances, ?-1874 Nov.
	Daughter of John Stevens H.
1851	Married as his first wife J. D. Hooker.
1856	CD to Hooker, on her "pedestrian feats"—MLii 209.
1874	Dec. 25 CD to Gray, "The death of Mrs Hooker has indeed been a terrible blow. Poor Hooker came here [Down House] directly after the funeral and bore up manfully"—Darwin-Gray 62.
Henslow, Rev. George, 1835-1925.
	Only son of John Stevens H. Botanist. Schoolmaster. Hon. Prof. to Royal Horticultural Society. V.M.H.
1865	Headmaster, Grammar School, South Crescent, Bedford Square, London.
1873	The theory of evolution of living things, London.
1882	H was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Henslow, Rev. John Stevens, 1796-1861.
	Married ?Jenyns. 1 son, 3 daughters. Father-in-law of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker. DNB.
	CD, when at Cambridge, was known as "the man who walked with Henslow". CD regularly attended his Friday evening gatherings, which continued every week in term until 1836 and were the forerunners of the Cambridge Ray Club 1837-. H became a strong personal friend of CD and looked after specimens sent back from Beagle voyage.
1818	FRS.
1822-1827	Prof. Mineralogy Cambridge.
1827-1861	Prof. Botany.
1830	CD to Fox, of Mrs H, "she is a devilish odd woman, I am always frightened whenever I speak to her, yet I cannot help liking her".
1835	H edited CD's letters to him as Letters on geology, privately printed for members of the Cambridge Philosophical Society (Bi 3, Fl).
1836	CD at Sydney to H, "my master in natural history"—LLi 264.
1837-1861	Vicar of Hitcham, Suffolk.
1854	H visited Down House when Hooker was staying for a fortnight.
1855	CD paid little girls in H's parish to collect seeds of Lychnis etc.—MLi 419.
1859	CD sent 1st edition of Origin to.
1860	Sat. Jun. 30 H was in the chair of Section D at British Association Oxford scene.
1861	CD to Hooker, on H's death and the question of a biography, "The equability and perfection of Henslow's whole character"—MLi 188. "His judgement was excellent and his whole mind well-balanced; but I do not suppose that anyone would say that he possessed much original genius"—Barlow, Autobiography 64.
1862	Biography: 1862 Leonard Jenyns, with recollections by CD, 51-55 (F130).
1871	CD to Anne Barnard (H's daughter), "To the last day of my life I shall think of your father with the deepest respect and affection, and gratitude for his invariable kindness towards me"—Carroll 390.
1967	Barlow, Darwin and Henslow (F1598).

[page] 161

Herbert, John Maurice, 1808-1882.
	County Court judge on Monmouth and Cardiff circuit. Cousin of C. T. Whitley. Close friend of CD at Cambridge and member of Gourmet Club. Nicknamed "Cherbury", from Lord Herbert of Cherbury. Home was Court, Calmore, Welshpool, Montgomeryshire.
1828	CD collected beetles with H at Barmouth, North Wales.
1839	H sent CD a silver forficula, i.e. asparagus tongs, as a wedding present—EDii 24.
1856	CD to H, thanking him for a book of poetry, "I shall keep to my dying day an unfading remembrance of the many pleasant hours, (especially at Barmouth) which we have spent together"—Carroll 121.
1867	May, CD invites H to Down House—Carroll 327.
1868	H had given CD his old microscope—Carroll 344.
1872	CD sent H 1st edition of Emotions—Carroll 425.
Herbert, S., see CD's manuscripts, 1978.
Herbert, Hon. and Rev. William, 1778-1847.
	Poet and plant breeder. Dean of Manchester. DNB.
1844	CD to Hooker mentions him in relation to heaths from Cape of Good Hope.
1845	Warden of the Collegiate Church.
1845	CD visited.
1847	Collegiate Church became a Cathedral in 1847 and H its Dean.
1847	CD visited in London and discussed hybridizing, "I...saw that he was very feeble", he died in his chair later in the same day—1863 Cottage Gardener 29:93.
Hermitage, House near Woking, Surrey.
circa 1847	Home of Henry Allen Wedgwood.

[page] 162

"Hero"
	CD's name for a plant of morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea, of exceptional vigour—Cross and self, Allan 252.
Herschel, Sir John Frederick William, Bart, 1792-1871.
	Astronomer and chemist. DNB.
1813	FRS.
1831	Knight of Hanover.
1836	Jun. CD dined with at Cape of Good Hope, at Lady Caroline Bell's house. Her comment on him "he always came into a room as if he knew that his hands were dirty, and that his wife knew that they were dirty"—Barlow, Autobiography 107. CD also dined with him in London.
1838	1st Bart.
1849	H edited Manual of scientific enquiry, to which CD contributed the geology (F325).
1850-1855	Master of the Mint.
1859	CD sent H copy of 1st edition of Origin.
1861	CD to Gray, on evolution as stated in H's Physical geography of the globe, 1861—LLii 373.
"Heterogeny"
1863	[letter] "The doctrine of heterogeny and the modification of species", Athenaeum, No. 1852:554-555 (Bii 78, F1729).
Hewitt, Mr
	A pheasant and poultry breeder of Birmingham. H is much quoted in Descent.
1868	Mar. CD to J. J. Weir on sexual preferences of pheasant cocks when crossed with poultry hens—MLii 69.
1868	Apr. CD to the same, H says "the common hen prefers a salacious cock, but is quite indifferent to colour".
Hewitt, Edward
Hewitt, Ginette
	Married Sir Robert Vere Darwin as second wife.
Heywood Lodge, Heywood Lane, Tenby, South Wales.
1843-1864	Emma Allen and her sister Frances lived here after the death of their brother John Hensleigh A.
Higginson, Colonel Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911.
	Of Newport, Rhode Island, USA.
1873	CD to H, he had enjoyed his Life with a black regiment, 1870, and also had his Atlantic essays, 1871.
High Elms
	Estate of about 3000 acres marched with Down House grounds. A golf course in 1978.
circa 1842	Home of, and rebuilt, after burning down, by, Sir John William Lubbock, and then of his son Sir John L, Baron Avebury.
"High Elms"
	Pseudonym of Edward Levett Darwin as an author.
Hildebrand, Friedrich Hermann Gustav, 1835-1915.
	Prof. Botany Frieburg. CD often praised H for writing German which was as clear as French.
1866	CD to H, on his papers on fertilisation of Fumariaceae and Salvia—LLiii 280.
1868	CD to H, on graft hybrids—MLi 285.
Hill, The, near Abergavenny, Wales.
1830	Home of John Wedgwood.
Hill, Elizabeth, 1702-1797.
	Daughter of John H. CD's great-grandmother.
1723/1724	Married Robert Darwin.

[page] 163

Hill, John
	Of Sleaford, Lincolnshire. Married Elizabeth Alvey. Father of Elizabeth H. Fourth generation ancestor of CD in male line.
Hill, Richard, 1795-1872.
	Of Spanish Town, Jamaica. Naturalist. H helped P. H. Gosse with Jamaica birds.
1859	CD to re Origin—Frank Cundall 1915 West India Committee Circular pp. 562-3.
	CD sent 1st ed. 0rigin to, copy on market 1981.
Hill, Major Richard Noel, 1800-1861.
	A cousin of Capt. Owen of Woodhouse.
1820s	A shooting companion of CD in the 1820s. Took part in a shooting joke at CD's expense—Barlow, Autobiography 54.
1848	5th Baron Berwick.
Hills, Mrs
1887	ED to Henrietta Emma Litchfield, "Old Mrs" H, a villager at Downe. ??wife of the next.
Hills
	Gardener at Down House after CD's death. ??husband of the previous.
1899	Apr. H gave notice.
Hindi
1964	First edition in: Origin of species (F702).
Hindmarsh, L.
	See Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 2:274, 1839.
1861	CD to, about Earl of Tankerville's wild white cattle at Chillingham, Northumberland—MLi 187.
"Historical sketch"
	Of previous studies and ideas on evolution.
1860	Appeared in a shorter version, written before Feb. 20, in 1st German edition and 4th USA printing.
1861	First added to 3rd English edition of Origin, in answer to criticisms by reviewers.
Hitote
	Tahitian Chief.
1835	Nov. 26 CD discussed lightning conductors with H and several other Chiefs.
Hobart, Tasmania.
1836	Feb. 5-17 Beagle anchored in Storm Bay; CD landed.
Hobhouse, Arthur, Baron, 1819-1904.
	Married Mary Farrer.
Hobhouse, Mary, see Farrer.
Höchberg, Karl
	Of Lugano, Switzerland.
1879	CD to H, answering his queries on diet in relation to activity—Carroll 560.
Hochstetter, Ferdinand Christian, Baron von, 1828-1884.
	Austrian geologist. Prof. Mineralogy and Geology, Imperial Polytechnic Institute Vienna.
1861	H wrote to Hooker that evolution was making "very considerable progress" in Germany—LLii 327.
Hocken, Thomas Morland, 1836-1910.
	Ethnographer and book collector. Secretary of Otago Institute.
1880	Institute celebrated 21st birthday of Origin by sending illuminated address to CD.
1881	Feb. 21 CD to H thanking and expressing continued interest in NZ.
Hodgson, Bryan Houghton, 1800-1894.
	Vertebrate naturalist of Darjeeling, India.
1862	Hooker wrote to H, who was a personal friend, in succinct praise of CD.
Hofmann, Augustus Wilhelm von, 1818-1892.
	Chemist. Director College of Chemistry London. H helped CD with experiments for Insectivorous plants.—Carroll 491.
1851	FRS.
1864	Prof. Chemistry Berlin.
Holden, Rev. James Richard, 1807-1876.
	Cambridge friend of CD. Rector of Lackford, Suffolk.

[page] 164

Holland
1877	[Letter of thanks by CD] in P. Harting, "Testimonial to Mr Darwin—Evolution in the Netherlands", Nature, Lond., 15:410-412 (F1776). CD had received an album of portrait photographs for his 68th birthday.
Holland, Mr
1857	CD to James Buckman, CD had asked "my cousin Mr. Holland of Dumpleton to make the enquiries, but as he is not on the spot, I have ventured to ask you". The enquiry was about a rare breed of pigeon—Letter DCPOD vol. 6 CUP 1990 2151 230307.
Holland, Edward, 1806-75.
1902	E. S. Holland A history of Holland, Edinburgh.
Holland, Sir Henry, Bart, 1788-1873.
	Physician to Queen Victoria. DNB.
	CD's second cousin. His grandmother, Catherine E. Willett née Wedgwood, was tenth child of Thomas W [III]; "A long and intimate friendship with whom (namely CD) I have more pleasure in recording than any family tie"—Holland Recollections of a past life—Woodall p. 2. Constantly kind to the D family in their illnesses.
1816	FRS.
1827	Harry Wedgwood to his mother: "Nobody shall persuade me that Dr. H. is either the most agreeable or the cleverest man in London. If he was he would not have shocked Charles Darwin by saying that a whale has cold blood"—EDi p. 198.
1853	1st Bart.
1859	CD to W. B. Carpenter, "I do not think (privately I say it) that the great man has knowledge enough to enter on the subject [evolution]"—LLii 223.
1859	Oct. CD to Lyell, CD hopes that H will not review Origin in Quart. Rev. because he "is so presumptuous and knows so little".
1859	Dec. CD to Lyell, CD had "found him going an immense way with us (i.e. all Birds from one)—good"—Carroll 184.
Holland, Saba, see Smith.
"Holly berries"
1877	"Holly berries", Gardeners' Chronicle, 7:19 (Bii 189, F1774).
1877	["The scarcity of holly berries and bees"], ibid., 7:83 (Bii 190, F1775).
Hollycombe, near Midhurst, Surrey.
	Home of Sir John Hawkshaw.
1876	Jun. CD stayed there—Journal.
Holmgren, Frithiof, 1831-1897.
	Prof. Physiology Uppsala.
1881, 1887	CD letter to H on vivisection, The Times, Apr. 18; Nature, Lond., Apr. 21; Brit. Med. J., 1:660; also in a pamphlet by George Jesse and several times in Sweden. Also in LLiii 208 and Bettany 160-162, both 1887. (F1352-1356).
Holmwood House
	1½ miles from Downe. George Bentham visited Down House from—LLiii 39. Atkins 103 says that the estate belonged to Earl of Derby.
1865	Home of Robert Rolfe, Baron Cranworth.
Home, David Milne, see Milne.
Homefield
	A small house 400 yards northwest of Down House. On two acres originally part of little Pucklands field. Bought by the Ds and in the Downe House School period a convalescent dormitory.
1930	Leased and added to by Sir Arthur Keith, 1930 until his death.
Hooker, Harriet Anne
	Fifth child of Sir Joseph Dalton H and Frances Henslow. Married Sir William Thiselton Dyer.
Hooker, Sir Joseph Dalton, 1817 Jun. 30-1911 Dec. 10.
	Second son of Sir William Jackson H. Botanist. Biography: L. Huxley 1918; Turrill 1963; Allan, The Hookers of Kew, 1967. DNB.
	H was CD's greatest personal friend and confidant, much more so than either Lyell or Huxley, and provided much plant material for CD from Kew. H preserved all CD's letters, see Janet Browne, J. Soc. Biblphy Nat. Hist., 8:351-366, 1978. Often at Down House.
1839	Jan. CD and H first met in company with Asa Gray at Hunterian Museum, R.C.S. Also in Trafalgar Square in company of Robert McCormick.
1844	Sep. CD to Lyell, "Young Hooker talks of coming here [to Down House]; I wish he might meet you,—he appears to me a most engaging young man"—MLii 120.
1845	CD to Henslow, CD was disappointed that H had not got some post at Edinburgh.
1847	FRS.
1851	Married l Frances Henslow, eldest daughter of J. S. Henslow. 4 sons, 2 daughters. Fifth child Harriet Anne H.
1854	Royal Medal of Royal Society.
1859	CD sent 1st edition of Origin.
1859	Nov. H accepted CD's theory in print in introductory essay to Flora Tasmaniae, I, pt 3, ic-xxviii; this is Vol. 3 of Botany of H.M. Discovery Ships Erebus and Terror, 1839-1843, 3 vols 1849-1860. The introductory essay was also available separately.
1865-1885	Director of Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, Surrey, in succession to his father.
1866	Aug. 27 H satirized Oxford meeting of British Association with allegory of new moon and savages' medicinemen at Nottingham meeting—LLiii 48.
1873-1878	PRS.
1874	Frances Henslow died.
1876	Aug. Married 2 Hyacinth Symonds, widow of Sir William Jardine Bart. 2 sons.
1878	KCSI.
1882	H was Pallbearer at CD's funeral.
1885	H retired to The Camp, Sunninghill, Berkshire.
1887	Copley Medal.
1892	Darwin Medal.
1897	GCSI.
1897	VMH of Royal Horticultural Society.
1907	OM.
1908	Darwin-Wallace Medal of Linnean Society.

[page] 165

Hooker, Sir William Jackson, 1785-1865.
	Father of Sir Joseph Dalton H. CD knew and met often but was not familiar with. Biography: J. D. H., Ann. Bot., 16:ix-ccxxi, 1902; Allan, The Hookers of Kew, 1967. DNB.
1812	FRS.
1815	Married Maria Sarah Turner. 2 sons, 3 daughters.
1820-1841	Prof. Botany Glasgow.
1836	Kt of Hanover.
1841-1865	Director Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey.
Hoole, Rev.
1877	Curate at Downe church, presumably as a locum for Ffinden, then the vicar. H's wife Alice "poor Mrs Hoole" was an invalid—Darwin-Innes 243.
Hope, Lady
	Lady [Elizabeth Reid] Hope, widow of Admiral of the Fleet Sir James Hope, writer of evangelical tracts and on temperance. "Of Northfield". H was involved in CD's so-called death-bed conversion, see Atkins 51-52.
1882	Encouraged by Dwight Lyman Moody, she told the story to one of M's schools at Northfield, Massachusetts. Her story was printed in Watchman Examiner, Boston. Henrietta Litchfield denied the story in detail in The Christian 1922 Feb. 23 "The whole story has no foundation whatever". H was not present at CD's last illness and perhaps they never met.
1902	Alive in 1902 when a Mr Tucker, of the Salvation Army, asked her for details.

[page] 166

Hope, Rev. Frederick William 1797-1862.
	Entomologist and print collector. Founder of Hope Chair of Zoology (Entomology) Oxford. CD gave him many insects which are now in Hope collection, Oxford—Poulton, Darwin and the Origin, 202. DNB.
1829	Feb. H gave CD specimens of about 160 species of beetles in London—LLi 174.
1829	Jun. CD visited Barmouth with H to collect beetles, but CD was ill and had to return to Shrewsbury after two days.
1834	FRS.
1837	CD to H, about Australian insects.
1838	CD to Lyell, "How much I disliked the manner [Hope] referred to his other works, as much as to say 'you must...buy everything I have written'"—LLi 292, Carroll 10.
Hope, Thomas Charles, 1766-1844.
	The only teacher at Edinburgh of whose lectures CD approved. DNB.
1799-1843	Prof. Chemistry Edinburgh.
1804	FRS.
Hopedene, near Dorking, Surrey.
	A house which was lent to Hensleigh Wedgwood. Near Abinger, built 1875—W&W.
1876	May 6-Jun. 6 CD stayed there—MLii 12.
Hopkins, William, 1793-1866.
	Mathematician and geologist. Mathematical coach at Cambridge. DNB.
1837	FRS.
1860	H reviewed Origin in Fraser's Mag., Jun., Jul., against but friendly.
Hordern, Ellen Frances, 1830-1879.
	Daughter of Rev. Peter H. Memorial in Downe Churchyard gives date of birth.
1856	Married Sir John Lubbock as first wife.
Horner, Anne Susan, see Lloyd.
Horner, Frances, 1814-?
	Second child of Leonard H.
1844	Married Sir Charles James Fox Bunbury.
1894	Author of biography of her husband, London [1894], privately printed.
Horner, Francis [I], 1778-1817.
	Barrister and statesman. Elder brother of Leonard H. Statue by Chantry in Westminster Abbey. DNB.
Horner, Francis [II], 1820-1824.
	Sixth child and only son of Leonard H.
Horner, Joanna, ?1822-?
	Seventh child of Leonard H. Unmarried.
1856	H wrote to CD about some beetles which she had—MLi 84.
Horner, Katherine Murray, 1817-1915.
	Fourth child of Leonard H.
1848	Married Lt-Col. Henry Lyell, Sir Charles Lyell's younger brother.
1875	H asked CD to be a Pallbearer at Lyell's funeral. CD declined on grounds of ill-health—LLiii 197.
1882	H was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
	Author of:
1881	Life, letters and journals of Sir Charles Lyell, 2 vols.
1890	Memoir of Leonard Horner, 2 vols, privately printed.
Horner, Leonard, 1785-1864.
	Son of John Horner. Linen draper of Edinburgh. Geologist. Fairly frequent correspondent of CD and met when CD was in London. Member of Whig circle and friend of Erasmus Alvey D. Biography: K. M. Lyell (daughter), 2 vols, privately printed 1890. DNB.
	Married Anne Susan Lloyd. 1 son, 6 daughters: 1. Mary Elizabeth, 2. Frances, 3. Susan, 4. Katherine Murray, 5. Leonora, 6. Francis, 7. Joanna.
1813	FRS.
1826	H took CD to meeting of Royal Society of Edinburgh—LLi 40.
1827-1831	First Warden of University of London.
1833-1860	Factory Commissioner.
1846	H visited Down House with wife.
1860	CD sent 1st edition of Origin to.

[page] 167

Horner, Leonora, 1818-?
	Fifth child of Leonard H.
1839	H dined with CD and ED at Upper Gower St.
1847	Sep. H visited Down House with the Lyells.
1854	Married Chevalier Georg H. Pertz.
Horner, Mary Elizabeth, 1808-1873.
	First child of Leonard H.
1832	Married Sir Charles Lyell.
Horner, Susan 1816-1900.
	Third child of Leonard H. Unmarried.
Horses
	The following family horses are entered by name: Dandy, Dobbin, Flyer, Tara, Tommy.
Horsman, Samuel James O'Hara
circa 1868	Curate at Downe. H got, after a prison sentence, another curacy in Kent.
Horwood, John
	1823-c. 1880. Sir John Lubbock's head gardener.
1862-1863	H superintended building of CD's hothouse.
Hotham, Harriet, 1810-1873.
1833	Married Sir John William Lubbock.
Houghton, Baron, see Richard Monckton Milnes.
Houseman, Emma, 1839-1929.
	Daughter of John H.
1871	Married Lawrence Wedgwood.
Houseman, John
	London bookseller. Father of Emma H.
Houseman, Laurence
	So spelt in W&W, "Lawrence" in ED.
Howard, Mary, 1740 Feb. 12-1770 Jun. 30.
	Daughter of Charles H and Penelope Foley. Known as "Polly". CD's grandmother. Drank gin.
1757	Married Erasmus Darwin [I] as 1st wife.
1770	Died of drinking gin.
Howarth, Osbert John Radcliffe, 1878-1954.
1909-1946	Secretary British Association for the Advancement of Science.
1929-1954	Curator Down House.
1933	H and Eleanor K. H. (wife), A history of Darwin's parish, Southampton 1933.
Hubbersty, Nathan, 1803-1881.
1826	CD went on walking tour in North Wales with H.
1826-1828	Assistant master Shrewsbury School.
1832-1851	Headmaster Wirksworth Grammar School.
1839	CD suggested to H that he should do some plant-breeding experiments—4th notebook on transmutation.

[page] 168

Hudson, William Henry, 1841-1922.
	Ornithologist and popular writer. See Pampas woodpecker.
Hughes, Charles
	H helped CD and became interested in geology.
1818-1819	Shrewsbury School.
1832	Nov. 11 CD met at Montevideo—CCD I.
Hughes, Frances see Fox.
Hughes, Thomas McKenny, 1832-1917.
	Geologist. WWH.
1873-1917	Woodwardian Prof. Geology Cambridge.
1880	CD to H, about award to CD of a medal by Chester Natural History Society.
1880	Oct. took tea with CD and ED in Cambridge.
1889	FRS.
"Humble Bees"
1841	"Humble bees", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 34:550 (Bi 142, F1658).
1885	"Ueber die Wege der Hummeln-Männchen", 84-88 in Gesammelte kleinere Schriften, Leipzig (F1584).
1965	1885 paper translated as "On the flight paths of male humble bees", 70-73 in R. B. Freeman, The works of Charles Darwin, London (F1580).
1968	"Charles Darwin on the routes of male humble bees", Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), hist. Ser., 3:177-189. As 1965 translation but with transcript of CD's field notes added (F1568).
Humboldt, Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander, Baron von, 1769-1859.
	German naturalist and traveller. CD once met, when CD was resident in London, at Murchison's house.
1815	Corresponding Member RS.
	CD's copy of Personal narrative...1799-1804 1819-1829 was given him by Henslow before he sailed.
1881	CD to Hooker, "the parent of a grand progeny of scientific travellers".
Humphrey, Philip E., see Marston Bates.
Humphreys
	Of 32 Sackville St, London.
circa 1868	Supplied curates for Downe Parish.
Hungarian
	First editions in:
1873-1874	Origin of species (F703).
1882	Descent of man (F1084).
1913	Journal of researches (F208).
1955	Autobiography (F1521).
1959	Variation under domestication (F919).
1963	Expression of the emotions (F1199).
Hunt, Robert, 1807-1887.
	Scientific writer. DNB.
1854	FRS.
1868	CD sent a third-person summary of his life for inclusion in Biographical memoirs of men of science, [1868].
Hutton, Frederick Wollaston, 1836-1905.
	Army Officer and geologist. Curator of Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand.
1861	H reviewed Origin in The Geologist, 132—LLii 362.
1861	CD to H, on his review, praising it—MLi 183.
1867	CD to Kingsley, "a very acute observer"—Carroll 330.
1892	FRS.
1899	Author of Darwinism and Lamarckism, old and new, London 1899.
Hutton, John Balfour 1808-1884.
	Botanist. Regius Keeper of Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.
1861	CD sent H Gray's Natural selection not inconsistent with natural theology, 1861—Darwin-Gray 76.

[page] 169

Hutton, Richard Holt, 1826-1897.
	Unitarian clergyman, which he later abandoned. Man of letters.
1875	H was a member of Vivisection Commission.
Huxley Family
	For information:
	Oriana Huxley Waller, daughter of THH's daughter. Married 1905 Edmund Sidney Pollock Haynes, 1877-1949. Their daughter Renée married Jerrard Tickell. One of their (?2) sons got a K in ?1983.
	Sir Crispin (Charles Cervantes) T, 1930-? KCVO 1983, twice married, 2 sons 1 daughter.
Huxley, Henrietta Anne, see Heathorn.
Huxley, Sir Julian Sorrell, 1887-1975.
	Zoologist. Eldest son of Leonard H and Julia Frances Arnold. Author of works on evolution and biological popularizer. WWH.
1909	Feb. 12 H was present at CD celebrations at Oxford.
1919	Married Marie Juliette Baillot.
1938	FRS.
1939	The living thoughts of Darwin, selected by H, translated into many languages.
1958	Kt.
Huxley, Leonard, 1860-1933.
	Fourth child of Thomas Henry H. CD was his godfather—Jim Moore. Biographer of his father and of Hooker.
1885	Married 1 Julia Frances Arnold (1862-1908). 2 sons, 1 daughter: 1. Julian Sorrell, 2. Aldous.
1912	Married 2 Rosalind Bruce. 2 sons: 1. Andrew.
Huxley, Marian, 1859-1887.
	Third child of Thomas Henry H.
1878	H made pencil sketch of CD, now at National Portrait Gallery.
1879	Married John Collier.
Huxley Testimonials
[1851]	Testimonials for Thomas H. Huxley, F.R.S., candidate for the Chair of Natural History at the University of Toronto. London, Richard Taylor printed. CD's letter at p. 4 (F344). The Chair went to William Hincks, brother of Sir Francis Hincks, then Prime Minister of Upper Canada.
Huxley, Thomas Henry, 1825 May 4-1895 Jun. 29.
	Seventh child of George H and Rachel Withers. Man of science and educationalist. Biography: L. Huxley (son) 1900; F. Chalmers Mitchell 1900. DNB. EB.
	Frequent correspondent and often at Down House, but was never on such close personal terms with CD as was Hooker see Bartholemew, M., Ann. Sci., 32:525, 1975. H was known as Darwin's bull-dog. "I am Darwin's bull-dog" he once said.
1845	MB London.
1846-1850	Surgeon on HMS Rattlesnake, mostly in Australian waters.
1850	FRS.
1854	Prof. Natural History School of Mines London.
1854	Apr. CD to H on archetypes.
1854	CD to Hooker, about H's Royal Institution lectures "I think his tone is much too vehement"—MLi 89.
1855	Married Jul. 25 Henrietta Anne Heathorn. 3 sons, 5 daughters:
1.	Noel, 1856-1860.
2.	Jessie Oriana, 1858-1927.
3.	Marian q.v.
4.	Leonard q.v.
5.	Rachel, 1862-1934, married 1884 Alfred Eckersley.
6.	Henrietta, 1863-1940, known as "Nettie", married 1889 Harold Roller.
7.	Henry, 1865-1965, married 1890 Sophia Stobart.
8.	Ethel Gladys, 1866-1941, known as "Babs" and "Pabelunza", married 1889 John Collier (as deceased wife's sister).
1859	CD sent 1st edition of Origin to.
1860	Apr. H reviewed Origin in The Times and Westminster Rev.
1860	Sat. Jun. 30 H defended Origin against Bishop Samuel Wilberforce's attack at Oxford meeting of British Association—LLii 32-323.
1860	"Time and life: Mr. Darwin's 'Origin of species'" Macmillans Magazine 1:142-48.
1871	Nov. 2 H to Haeckel "The dogs have been barking at his heels too much of late"—Life of Huxley, 2nd edition ii 62.
1873	£2100 subscribed by CD and other friends to let H have a long rest after nervous breakdown. All H's children were looked after by ED at Down House whilst he was away—MLi 72.
1875	H was member of Vivisection Commission. He saw and agreed to Litchfield's draft for bill—LLiii 204.
1880	H lectured to Royal Institution on "The coming of age of the Origin", published in Nature, Lond. and in Science and Culture. CD sorry that he could not attend—LLiii 240.
1882	CD left him £1000 in his will—MLi 72.
1882	H was Pallbearer at CD's funeral.
1883-1885	PRS.
1892	PC.
1887	H on the reception of Origin in 1859-1860, "How extremely stupid of me not to have thought of that"—LLii 179-204.
1890	H retired to Hodeslea (a name which he invented and believed related to the origin of his surname), Stavely Rd, Eastbourne, Sussex, which he designed and had built.
1891	Anthony Rich left H his house, Chappel Croft, Heene, Worthing, Sussex, and contents. H sold house for £2800.
1892	PC.
1908	E. R. Lankester of H "the great and beloved teacher, the unequalled orator, the brilliant essayist, the unconquerable champion and literary swordsman"—Darwin-Wallace celebrations at Linnean Society 29.
1909	E. B. Poulton of H: "the illustrious comparative anatomist, Huxley, Darwin's great general in the battles that had to be fought, but not a naturalist, far less a student of living nature"—Darwin and the Origin 58.
	Main works:
1863	Evidence as to man's place in nature.
1863	On our knowledge of the causes of the phenomena of organic nature.
1873	Lay sermons, addresses and reviews.
1873	Critiques and addresses.
1881	Science and culture and other essays.
1893-1894	Collected essays, 9 vols.

[page] 170

Hyatt, Alpheus, 1838-1902.
	Palaeontologist. H worked especially on fossil cephalopods. Pupil of L. Agassiz and friend of Cope.
1872	CD to H about H's and Cope's ideas on acceleration and retardation in evolution. CD wrote on the back of one of H's papers "I cannot avoid thinking this paper fanciful"—LLiii 154, MLi 338.
1877	CD to H on inheritance of acquired characters—LLiii 232.
1881	Curator of Museum of Boston Natural History Society.
"Hybrids"
1868	"On the character and hybrid-like nature of the offspring from the illegitimate unions of dimorphic and trimorphic plants", J. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.), 10:393-437 (F1742).

[page] 171

Hyman, Stanley Edgar, 1919-.
1963	Darwin for today the essence of his work, New York. Selections by H (F1618).

[page 172]

I

"Icebergs Making Grooves"
1855	"On the power of icebergs to make rectilinear uniformly-directed grooves across a submarine undulatory surface", Phil. Mag., 10:96-98 (Bi 252, F1681).
Ilkley, near Otley, Yorkshire.
1859	Autumn CD to water cure there, stayed at Wells Terrace. CD was there when Origin was published.
Imperatorskaya Akademiya Nauk (Academia Scientarum Imperialis Petropolitana), St Petersburg.
1867	CD Corresponding Member.
Impey
	CD's gyp (servant) at Christ's College, Cambridge.
1858	Impey was still there when William Erasmus D went up to Christ's.
Inchkeith, Fife.
	Island in Firth of Forth. CD visited with Ainsworth when at Edinburgh and was benighted, took refuge in lighthouse—Ainsworth Athenaeum 1882 May.
Index Kewensis
	Originally supervised by Hooker and carried out by B. Daydon Jackson—LLiii 352, Kew Bull., 29, 1896.
1882	Jan. CD sent a first £250 and left a letter desiring that his children should send a similar sum for four or five years.
1892-1895	4 vols, with 12 subsequent supplements to 1959, and a supplement since quinquennially. List of plant genera and their contained species, with relevant literature. Wording of announcement in Vol. 4 "The expense of preparing the work has been entirely defrayed by the members of the family of the late Charles Darwin".
Ingall,Margaret Rosina, ?-1922.
	Daughter of Richard Ingall of Valparaiso, Chile. Known as Rosina.
1873	Married Alfred Allen Wedgwood.
Inglis, Sir Robert Harry, Bart, 1786-1855.
	Politician. MP for Oxford University. Inglis was legal guardian of Laura Forster's mother, Laura Thornton. DNB.
1813	FRS.
1820	2nd Bart.
1854	CD took breakfast with him in company—MLi 79.
"Inheritance"
1881	"Inheritance", Nature, Lond., 24:257 (Bii 230, F1795).
Innes, Rev. John Brodie (1817-1894)
	Letters to and from CD edited by R. M. Stecher, Ann. Sci., 17:201-258 (F1597). They contain a lot of information about people at Downe not contained in other sources.
1842	Curate of Farnborough, Kent.
1846-1869	Vicar of Downe.
1859	CD sent 1st edition Origin to.
?1860	CD to Innes, "I do not attack Moses, and I think Moses can take care of himself."
1862	Innes retired to his ancestral home Milton Brodie, Forres.
until 1871	Downe was served by curates until G. S. Ffinden became Vicar in 1871.
	"Brodie Innes and I have been fast friends for thirty years, and we have never thoroughly agreed on any subject but once, and then we stared hard at each other, and thought one of us must be very ill"—LLii 288.
1882	Innes was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.

[page] 173

Innes, John William Brodie, 1848-1923.
	Son of J. B. Innes. Barrister and novelist. Innes occurs in letters between CD and his father, as a child and young man.
Insectivorous Plants
1875	Insectivorous plants (F1217).
1875	2nd thousand, with 6-line errata slip (F1218).
1875	3rd thousand, 6 errata corrected, but with a further 6 on slip (F1219).
1888	2nd edition, revised by Francis Darwin (F1225).
1969	Facsimile 1st edition (F1235).
	First foreign editions:
1875	USA (F1220).
1876	German (F1738), Russian (F1244).
1877	French (F1237).
1878	Italian (F1242).
1965	Romanian (F1243).
"Instinct"
1873	[letter] "Inherited instinct", Nature, Lond., 7:281, introducing a letter without title from William Huggins, ibid., 7:281-282 (Bii 170, F1757).
1873	"Origin of certain instincts", Nature, Lond., 7:417-418 (Bii 172, F1760).
1883	"The late Mr. Darwin on instinct", Nature, Lond., 29:128-129 (F1804), summary, with last 3 paragraphs in full, of a communication by Romanes to Linnean Society of London, published in full in Mental evolution in animals, 1883 q.v.
Institucion Libre de Ensenanza, Madrid.
1877	CD Honorary Professor.
Institut, see Académie des Sciences.
Ipswich Museum portraits
1850	Set of 60 lithographs of distinguished scientists prepared 1850, for British Association meeting at Ipswich 1851. Paid for by G. Ransome chemist and druggist in Ipswich.
	Portrait of CD is by T. H. Maguire, dated 1849, printed by M. & N. Hanhart. CD is seated in a Down House study chair. This is the only engraving of CD from life. Copies should carry a facsimile signature "Charles Darwin" centre and a raised blind Ipswich Museum stamp with arms bottom right.
Iquique, Peru.
	See Benchuca.
1835	Jul. 13-14 Beagle at.
	Jul. 13 CD landed and made short journey to saltpetre mines.
Ireland
1827	May CD visited Belfast and Dublin at end of a tour in Scotland, his only visit to Ireland.

[page] 174

Isaac, Charlotte, see Holland.
Irvine, Mrs
	Landlady of 12 Upper Gower St, from whom CD rented the house—Brent p. 258.
Isle of May, Fife.
	Firth of Forth. CD visited with Ainsworth and Greville when at Edinburgh—Ainsworth Athenaeum 1882 May.
Irwin
	? a local clergyman near Downe—CD-Innes 219.
Isle of Wight, Hampshire.
1837	Nov. CD visited C. D. Fox there.
1846	Sep. 12 CD and ED visited on day trip from British Association meeting at Southampton.
1858	Jul. 17-Aug. 12 Family holiday at Sandown and Shanklin.
1868	Jul. 17-Aug. 20 Family holiday at Freshwater.
Italian
	First editions in:
1864	Origin of species (F706).
1871	Descent of man (F1088).
1872	Journal of researches (F211).
1876	Variation under domestication (F920).
1878	Climbing plants (F863).
1878	Expression of the emotions (F1200).
1878	Insectivorous plants (F1242).
1878	Cross and self fertilisation (F1269).
1882	Vegetable mould and worms (F1407).
1883	Fertilisation of orchids (F823).
1884	Different forms of flowers (F1299).
1884	Movement in plants (F1347).
1888	Coral reefs (F818).
1919	Autobiography (F1522).
1960	On the tendency of species to form varieties (F368).

[page 175]

J

Jacko
1894	A parrot bought by ED 1894.
Jackson, Mrs.
	Wife of William J, she had been a nurse; "the most perfectly tidy person I ever saw, with a row of shiny black buttons down the front of her dress and an overwhelming sense of propriety"—Bernard D p. 13.
Jackson, Benjamin Daydon, 1846-1927.
	Botanist on staff at Kew, in charge of Index Kewensis. Secretary to Linnean Society.
1909, 1910	Darwiniana, 1910, contains three essays published elsewhere, 1909, republished as a pamphlet with alterations; one gives a list of plants named after CD.
Jackson, William
1875	J was a manservant at Down House.
1875	Succeeded Parslow as butler.
	"A little man with very red cheeks, little loose curly wisps of side whiskers; not very tidy and not at all smart, nor, I imagine, very efficient"—Bernard D p. 11.
	J made model of Down House in cork, once in Galton Collection at University College London, now at Down House.
circa 1882	Retired.
1882	J attended CD's funeral, walking in procession with Parslow behind the family mourners, but ahead of the official representatives.
Jäger [Jaeger], Gustav, 1832-1917.
	Zoologist of Stuttgart.
1875	CD to J, thanking him for copy of his book In Sachen Darwins insbesondere contra Wigand, 1874.
[1869]	Author of Die Darwin'sche Theorie und ihre Stellung zu Moral und Religion.
1897	Problems of nature, London, translations of some of J's papers, prints two letters from CD thanking J for books sent.
Jameson, Robert, 1774-1854.
	Mineralogist and natural historian. DNB.
1804-1854	Prof. Natural History Edinburgh. CD found his lectures "incredibly dull"—Autobiography.
1808	J founded Wernerian Society, Edinburgh.
1823	J founded Plinian Society, Edinburgh.
1854	CD to Hooker, about Forbes "I wish, however, he would not praise that old dry stick Jameson"—MLi 79.
Jamieson, Thomas Francis, 1829-1913.
	Geologist of Ellon, Aberdeen. Correspondent of CD.
1862	J was the first person to give correct solution to parallel roads of Glenroy, Quart. J. Geol. Soc., 19:235-259, 1863.
Jane
?1865-1879	Housemaid at Down House. Not the same person as Emily Jane. Head housemaid and leaving to get married—Bernard D p. 15.
Janet, Paul, 1823-1899.
	French philosophical writer and entomologist.
1857-1864	Prof. Logic Lycée Louis le grand Paris.
1864-?	Prof. Philosophy Sorbonne Paris.
1866	CD to Wallace, "As for M. Janet, he is a metaphysician, and such gentlemen are so acute that I think they often misunderstand common folk"—LLiii 46.

[page] 176

Japanese
	First editions in:
1896	Origin of species (F718).
1949	Coral reefs (F319).
1949	Descent of man (F1100).
1949	Different forms of flowers (F1300).
1954	Journal of researches (F216).
1972	Autobiography (F1524a).
Jardine, Sir William, Bart, 1800-1874.
	Scottish cabinet naturalist, especially of birds. 7th Bart. J's relict Hyacinth Symonds married Hooker. DNB.
1860	CD to Lyell, CD had had a letter from J who opposed CD on evolution, but his attack on CD's ornithological accuracy is worthless—Carroll 201.
1860	FRS.
Jebb, Sir Richard Claverhouse, 1841-1905.
	Greek scholar. Married Caroline Reynolds. J was much in Cambridge Darwin circle after CD's death.—Period piece. DNB.
1875-1889	Prof. Greek Glasgow.
1887-1905	Prof. Greek Cambridge.
1900	Kt.
1902	FBA.
Jeens, Charles Henry, 1827-1879.
1874	J made steel engraving from Rejlander photograph of CD for Nature, Lond. Jun. 4.
Jeffreys, John Gwyn, 1809-1885.
	Malacologist. DNB.
1840	FRS.
1860	J was anti-Origin, letter referred to in LLii 260.
Jenkin, Henry Charles Fleeming, 1833-1885.
	Electrician and engineer. DNB.
1865	FRS.
1865	Prof. Engineering University College London.
1867	CD to Kingsley, the review is telling and hostile, but lacking in knowledge.
1868	Prof. Engineering Edinburgh.
1869	Francis D, "my father, as I believe, felt the review to be the most valuable ever made on his views"—LLiii 107.
1869	CD to Hooker, "Fleeming Jenkins [sic] has given me much trouble, but has been of more real use to me than any other essay or review"—MLii 379.
Jenner, Sir William, Bart, 1815-1898.
	Physician.
1854-1879	Physician at University College London.
1863	CD consulted—Journal.
1864	FRS.
1868	1st Bart.
1877	KCB.
Jenyns, Leonard, later Blomefield, 1800-1893.
	Anglican priest and naturalist. Vicar of Swaffham Bulbeck, Cambridgeshire. Henslow's brother-in-law.
1840-1842	Wrote Fish for Zoology of the Beagle.
circa 1845	J changed his surname on inheritance, when he moved to Bath.
1845	CD about J "At first I disliked him, from his somewhat grim and sarcastic expression...but I was completely mistaken, and found him very kind-hearted and with a good stock of humour". Also a biographical note—MLi 49.
1859	CD sent J 1st edition of Origin.
1862	J wrote Memoir of John Stevens Henslow, with recollections by CD 51-55 (F830).
1887, 1889	Chapters in my life, for private circulation, Bath; reprint with additions 1889, Bath.
Jesperson, P. Helveg
1949	"Charles Darwin and Dr Grant", Lychnos, 159-167. A useful source of information on CD's time at Edinburgh University.

[page] 177

Jesse, George Richard, 1820-1898.
	Civil engineer. Anti-vivisectionist.
1881	J had written, very politely, to CD on the subject.
1881	J's pamphlet (F1356) reprints CD's letter to Frithiof Holmgren, which had appeared in The Times, Apr. 18 (Bii 226, F1352).
John, see Edmonston.
John, see Jordan.
Johnson, Charles Richardson, 1813-1882.
1832	May joined Beagle for 2nd voyage. Acting mate on return of Beagle from 2nd voyage.
1879	Vice-Admiral—LLi 221.
1882	Died same week as CD.
Johnson, Henry
	Physician.
1826	J was at Edinburgh with CD. CD to his sister Caroline, saying that J had changed his lodgings for the third time.
1880	CD to J about excavations at Wroxeter and about worms—N&R 74.
1883	J was still on Medical Register.
Jones, Henry Bence, 1814-1873.
	Physician. Of St Georges Hospital. CD's physician for many years. DNB.
1846	FRS.
1866	Apr. 27 CD met at Royal Society soirée.
Jones, Richard, 1790-1835.
	Master at Haileybury, successor to Malthus. Generally known as "Old Jones"; moved in scientific circles and was partial to a lot of wine, especially port; he liked to share his food and drink with young men.
Jones, ?Thomas Rymer, 1810-1880.
	Physician and naturalist.
1834	FRS.
1836-1874	Prof. Comparative Anatomy King's College London.
1838	CD to Lyell, "Old Jones" was going to quarrel at the Newcastle meeting of British Association. CD dined with.—LLi 295, Carroll 10.
1854	CD to Lyell, about a meeting of the Geological Society, J had told CD about Prestwich's views on red clay with flints.
Jordan, John
1839 end	Manservant at CD's house, 12 Upper Gower St, London.
Journal, see Darwin's Journal.
Journal and Remarks, see Journal of researches 1839.
Journal of Researches, see also Voyage of a naturalist, Voyage of the Beagle.
	CD's first published book and probably his most read.
	"Charm arising from the freshness of heart which is thrown over these virgin pages of a strong, intellectual man and an acute and deep observer"—Quart. Rev.—Leonard Huxley p. 27.
1845	He sold the copyright of the 2nd edition to John Murray for £150 and so made no profit from it or from its many subsequent printings or translations.
	GB editions:
1839	As Vol. 3 of R. Fitz-Roy, editor, Narrative of...H.M.S. Adventure and Beagle, sub-title Journal and Remarks (F10), CD's text was completed and printed in 1838.
1839	Independent issue of same text, Journal of researches into the geology and natural history etc. (F11).
1840	Reissue (F12).
1845	2nd edition, Journal of researches into the natural history and geology etc. (F13).
1860	Edition from stereos with postscript added (F20).
1890	Edition with postscript incorporated in text, final definitive edition (F58).
1890	First Murray illustrated edition (F59).
1916	English braille edition, based on 1890 (F168).
	First foreign editions, in whole or in part:
1844	German (F188). The 1st German is the only translation based on the 1st English.
1846	USA (F16).
1860	French (F180).
1870	Russian (F226).
1872	Swedish (F259).
1875	German of 2nd edition (F189).
1876	Danish (F174).
1877	Italian (F211).
1887	Polish (F223).
1891	Dutch (F176).
1900	Greek (F206).
1902	Spanish (F249).
1913	Hungarian (F208).
1930	Hebrew (F207).
1949	Armenian (F169), Estonian (F179), Serbo-Croat (F244).
1950	Slovene (F248).
1951	Georgian (F187).
1954	Japanese (F216).
1956	Czech (F171).
1958	Romanian (F225).
1963	Lithuanian (F222).
1967	Bulgarian (F170).

[page] 178

Judd, John Wesley, 1840-1916.
	Geologist. Prof. Geology Royal College of Science London. Correspondent and visitor to Down House—LLiii 352, MLi 375. DNB.
1877	FRS.
Jukes, Joseph Beete, 1811-1869.
	Geologist. DNB.
1850-1869	Director of the Geological Survey of Ireland.
1853	FRS.
1860	J was pro-Origin—LLii 293.
1848	CD to Hooker, "The man, not content with moustaches, now sports an entire beard, and I am sure thinks himself like Jupiter tonans"—MLi 65.
Justice of the Peace
1857	CD appointed
1859	His only recorded attendance on bench—LLii 225.
1881	CD to Romanes, he was, as a magistrate, giving orders daily to allow pigs to cross roads, at a time of swine fever.

[page 179]

K

Kaiserlich-Koenigliche Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft, Vienna.
1867	CD Honorary Member.
Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna.
1871	CD Foreign Corresponding Member.
1875	Honorary Foreign Member.
Karslake, Sir John Burgess, 1821-1881.
	Barrister. DNB.
1866	Kt.
1867-1868, 1874-1875	Attorney-General.
1875	Member of Vivisection Commission—LLiii 201.
Kay, James Phillips, see Shuttleworth.
Kay, William, 1807-1861.
	Physician of Clifton, Gloucestershire. Naturalist friend of CD at Edinburgh.
Kay-Shuttleworth, Sir James Phillips, Bart, see Shuttleworth.
Keeling Islands, see Cocos Keeling Islands.
Keen, Mr and Mrs
	British residents in Argentine.
1833	Nov. 22-26 CD visited their estancia on river Beguelo (CD spells Berguelo) and collected a skull of "Megatherium", actually Toxodon, from a nearby hill, Cerro Perico flaco (CD calls it Cerro del Pedro Flaco)—Winslow, J. Hist. Geogr., 1:347-360, 1975.
Keith, Sir Arthur, 1866-1955.
	Surgeon, anthropologist and darwinian. K was much involved in the purchase of Down House for the British Association and its later acquisition by the Royal College of Surgeons. K retired to Homefield, a small house on the western side of the Down House estate.
1913	FRS.
1921	Kt.
1942	"A postscript to Darwin's Vegetable mould through the action of worms", Nature, Lond., 149:716.
1955	Darwin revalued, which contains a last chapter on the later history of Down House, as well as much other information which is not available elsewhere.
Kelvin, Baron, see Sir William Thomson.
Kemp, William
	Scottish amateur geologist of Galashiels, Selkirk. "Almost a working man", "partially educated", "a most careful and ingenious observer".
1843	K sent CD seeds from a sandpit near Melrose, found under 25 feet of white sand, which germinated into a common Rumex, an unrecognized species of Atriplex, and two species of Polygonum. The case in the end not proven—MLii 243-244, Darwin-Henslow 151.

[page] 180

Kempson, Louisa Frances, see Wedgwood.
Kempson, William John
1864	Married Louisa Frances Wedgwood and had offspring.
Kendall, Thomas, 1778-1832.
	Not in holy orders but a schoolmaster.
1814	Early missionary for Church Missionary Society in New Zealand, arriving 1814.
1823	K was dismissed for living with a Maori girl and then went native.
1815	Author of the first book published in New Zealand, The New Zealander's first book, Sydney printed.
1835	CD mentions K (spelling "Kendal") in "Moral state of Tahiti, New Zealand etc.", 1836, q.v. in company with John King, but CD did not meet.
Kennedy, Mr
1834	Aug. 28 CD to RF: "Corfield took me to dine with a Mr Kennedy, who talks much about the Adventure and Beagle; he says he saw you at Chiloe"—Keynes p. 235.
Kennedy, Dr Benjamin Hall, 1804-1889.
	Classical scholar. DNB.
1836-1866	Headmaster of Shrewsbury School.
1867-1889	Regius Prof. Greek Cambridge.
1881	Oct. CD saw "old Dr. Kennedy of Shrewsbury" at Cambridge.
Kensington Square, London.
1883-1903	No. 31, home of R. B. Litchfield.
Kent, William, ?-1882.
1831	Jul. passed as Surgeon.
1833	Jul. joined Beagle as Assistant Surgeon.
1836	Oct. Assistant Surgeon on return of Beagle from 2nd voyage.
1838	Appointed Surgeon.
Keppel Island
1855	Mission to Fuegians started, the building called Sulivan House after Admiral B. J. S.
1898	Transferred to Tekeeneka.
1911	Old building sold.
Kerner von Marilaun, Anton, Freiherr, 1831-1898.
	German botanist.
1878	CD wrote prefatory letter to translation by W. Ogle of K's book Die Schützmittel der Blüthen gegen unberufene Gaste, Innsbruck 1876, Flowers and their unbidden guests, London (F1318).
Kew Gardens, see Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Kew Index, see Index Kewensis.
Keynes, Sir Geoffrey Langdon, 1887-1982.
	Physician and bibliographer. WH.
1917	Married Margaret Elizabeth Darwin. 4 sons.
1955	Kt.
1981	FBA.
Keynes, Richard Darwin, 1919-.
	Son of Sir Geoffrey K. The first member of the present generation of Ds to carry the continuous D Fellowship of Royal Society into sixth generation from Erasmus D [I]. WH.
1959	FRS.
1972-	Prof. Physiology Cambridge.
1979	Editor of The Beagle record, Cambridge. Contains much unpublished material including extracts from Covington diary, many plates mostly by Martens, list of 307 Martens watercolours.
Keyserling, Alexander Friederich Michael Leberecht Arthur, Count von, 1815-1891.
	Russian palaeontologist. K is referred to in Historical sketch in Origin. See J. A. Roger, Isis, 64:487-488. Calendar gives forenames as "Alexandr Andreevich" and no "Count".
1860	K wrote to CD about Origin LLii 261.
King, Colonel
	Of Hythe, Kent. CD corresponded with K about pigeons—Variation i 184.

[page] 181

King, Sir George, 1840-1909.
	Physician and botanist. DNB.
1871-1898	Superintendent of Botanical Garden Calcutta.
1873	K sent CD Aldrovanda for Insectivorous plants, and also helped with Worms—LLiii 216.
1887	FRS.
1898	KCIE.
King, John
	Not in holy orders, a shoemaker by trade.
1810	First missionary for Church Missionary Society in New Zealand, arrived 1810.
1835	Dec. CD met Mrs K and their son, but K was away—"Moral state of Tahiti, New Zealand etc.", 231.
King, Philip Gidley [I], 1758-1808.
	Father of Philip Parker K, grandfather of Philip Gidley K q.v.
1800-1806	3rd Governor NSW.
King, Philip Gidley [II], 1817-1904.
	Son of Philip Parker K. Naval officer. Midshipman on 1st and 2nd voyages of Beagle. CD very friendly with.
1832	Apr. 25 CD at Botofogo Bay to Caroline D "I believe King is coming to live here, he is the most perfect pleasant boy I ever met and is my chief companion"—D and Beagle pp. 64-6.
1836	Feb. K left Beagle to remain with his father at Sydney.
1880-	K was a member of Legislative Council of Sydney—LLi 221.
	Sketch of Fitz-Roy by K in Mitchell Library, Sydney, in Keynes p. 16
1890	K drew the diagrammatic layout of Beagle which first appeared in Journal of researches 1890. A photograph of the original with mss caption is at Down House. Section of Beagle by K 1890 at Hallam Murray's request, found by Geoffrey Keynes in map pocket of Narrative, now at Mitchell Library, with a letter to Capt. Fisher, reproduced in Keynes p. 21. Also a drawing of quarterdeck and poop cabin at CUL—p. 39.
King, Philip Parker, 1791-1856.
	Born Norfolk Is. Son of Philip Gidley K [I] q.v. Father of Philip Gidley K [II] q.v. Naval Officer. Surveyor and geologist. Biography D. F. Branagan 1985 Spec. Publ. Soc. Hist. Nat. Hist 3 pp. 179-93. DNB.
1824	FRS.
	K commanded, as Captain, Adventure on 1st voyage of Adventure and Beagle. Collected plants which Robert Brown was dilatory in identifying. Settled in Australia with rank of Rear Admiral.
1836	Jan. 23 CD spent evening with K at Dunheved outside Sydney.
1836	Jan. 28 CD stayed with K 30 miles from Sydney and visited his relatives, the MacArthurs, for lunch "beautiful very large country house" which Keynes identifies as Camden Park—p. 346.
King, Richard, ?1811-1876.
	Surgeon and naturalist. DNB.
1833-1835	K was on Sir George Back's arctic expedition.
circa 1850	CD listened to him and other arctic men discussing expeditions at Athenaeum—MLi 58.
King George's Sound, Western Australia.
1836	Mar. 6-14 Beagle anchored there, CD landed.
Kingsley, Charles, 1819-1875.
	Anglican clergyman. Author and naturalist. Curate and later Rector of Eversleigh, Hampshire. EB DNB.
1859	CD sent 1st edition Origin to, "That the Naturalist...should have sent a scientist like me his book..."—LLii 287.
1860	CD to Henslow telling him that the "celebrated author and divine" who is quoted in 2nd edition Origin was K—MLi 174.
	Sent K 4th edition Origin—Carroll 330.
1867	CD to K about Duke of Argyll's Reign of law and Fleeming Jenkin's review of Origin.
1873	Canon of Westminster.
Kinnordy, near Kirriemuir, Forfarshire.
	Home of Sir Charles Lyell's father and later his.
Kippist, Richard, 1812-1882.
	Botanist. CD often wrote to K to borrow books. DNB.
1842-1881	Librarian of Linnean Society.

[page] 182

Kirby
	Cambridge friend of CD. Not traced.
1831	K was interested in going with CD to Canary Islands.
Klein, Rudolf Emmanuel
	Botanist. K helped CD with Insectivorous plants.
Knight, Thomas Andrew, 1759-1838.
	Botanist. A distinguished plant hybridizer. A selection from the physiological horticultural papers...a sketch of his life, London 1841.
1805	FRS.
	CD drew extensively on his work in Variation. Knight's Law, sometimes called Knight-Darwin Law, "nature abhors perpetual self fertilisation"—MLii 250. See Francis D, Ann. Bot., 13:13, 1899.
Knole Park, Sevenoaks, Kent.
	Seat of Baron Sackville.
1846	Sep. 22 CD, ED and Susan D made day trip to.
Koch, Heinrich Hermann Robert, Fr. C. L., 1799-1852.
	German mineralogist. CD sent him copy of Fossil Cirripedia—Lychnos, 1948-1949: 206-210.
1851	K sent CD fossil cirripedes.
Kölliker, Rudolph Albert von, 1817-1905.
	Swiss biologist.
1844	Prof. Physiology and Comparative Anatomy Zurich.
1847	Prof. Physiology, Microscopy and Comparative Anatomy Würzburg.
1860-1864	At some time between 1860 and 1864 K visited Down House—LLiii 29.
1860	CD to Huxley who had suggested K as possible translator of Origin into German—MLi 139.
1861	Entwicklungsgeschichte des Menschen und der höheren Thiere, Leipzig.
Koeniglich-Bayarische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Munich.
1878	CD Foreign Member.
Koeniglich-Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin.
1863	CD Corresponding Member.
1878	CD Fellow.
Kollmann, Julius Constantin Ernst, 1834-1918.
1876	K to CD on atavism and extra digits—MLi 393, Variation I 459.
Kongeligt Dansk Videnskabernes Selskab, Copenhagen.
1879	CD Fellow.
Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademien, Stockholm.
1865	CD Foreign Member.
Kongliga Vetenskaps-Societeten, Uppsala.
1860	CD Fellow.
Koninklijke Natuurkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsche-Indie, Batavia.
1880	CD Corresponding Member.
Korean
	First editions in:
1957	Origin of species (F732).
1965	Autobiography (F1525).
Kororareka [Russell], Town on Bay of Islands, NZ.
1835	"Capt. FitzRoy, Mr Charles Darwin and the Officers of H.M.S. 'Beagle' 15.0.0"—subscription to building fund for the chapel fund there. Mss subscription list 1834-1841, at Russell Centennial Museum.
1836	"Placing a church at the headquarters of iniquity, at such a notorious place as Kororadika (the older spelling), is certainly a bold trial... This little village is the very stronghold of vice"—"Moral state of Tahiti" p. 231.
1844	Renamed "Russell".
1873	Chapel renamed Christ Church.
Kovalevskaya, Sof'ya Vasil'yevna, see Krukovskaya.
Kovalevskii, Aleksandr Onufrievich, 1840-1901.
	Embrylogist. K was the first to point out the chordate affinities shown by ascidian tadpoles. Brother of V. O. K.

[page] 183

Kovalevskii, Vladimir Onufrievich, 1842-1883.
	Brother of A. O. K. Married S. V. Krukovskaya.
1867-1868	K translated Variation into Russian.
1867, 1870	1867 visited Down House and again in 1870.
1883	Committed suicide.
Krause, Ernst, 1839-1903.
	German botanist.
1879	Feb. K's biography of Erasmus Darwin [I] appeared in Kosmos, the number being a Gratulationsheft for CD's 70th birthday.
1879	An English translation, with introductory matter by CD had K's own alterations to his part (F1319). It was this edition which so offended Samuel Butler. Butler's copy with his mss notes is in the British Library.
1880	German translation of the 1879 English edition (F1323).
1885	Charles Darwin und sein Verhältniss zu Deutschland, Leipzig.
1885	Gesammelte kleinere Schriften, Bd I contains "Humble bees", translated from CD's unpublished mss (F1584).
Krohn, August David, 1803-1891.
	Russian-born invertebrate anatomist of Bonn.
1860	CD to Lyell, K had pointed out errors in interpretation of CD's anatomy of cirripedes "with the utmost gentleness and pleasantness" in Archiv für Naturgeschichte 25 (pt 1): 355-64; —LLii 345. CD's recanting of his views is in Nat. Hist. Rev., 3:115 (F1722)—LLiii 2.
Kruell, Gustav, 1843-1907.
	Artist.
1884	Wood engraving from Maull & Fox photograph, the profile, for Harper's Mag., Oct.—LLi frontispiece.
1887	Wood engraving from Elliot & Fry photograph for LLiii frontispiece.
Krukovskaya, Sof'ya Vasil'yevna Korvin-, 1850-1891.
	Russian mathematician.
1868	Married V. O. Kovalevskii.
1883-	Professor of Mathematics, Stockholm.
1869	Visited Down House with husband.
Kynaston, Sir Edward, Bart, 1775-1839.
	Vicar of Kinnerley, Shropshire.
1822	2nd Bart.
1831	Sep. 6 CD to his sister Susan, describes Fitz-Roy as a "dark but handsome edition of Mr Kynaston"—LLi 206.

[page 184]

L

Lacaze-Duthiers, Felix Joseph Henri de, 1821-1901.
	French invertebrate zoologist.
1872	CD to Quatrefages, "I am gratified to hear that M. Lacaze-Duthiers will vote for me [for Académie des Sciences] for I have long honoured his name"—LLiii 155. The election was for the zoology section. CD did not get in.
1878	Elected for the botany section.
Lack, David Lambert, 1910-1974.
	Ornithologist. WH.
1945-1974	Director Edward Grey Institute Oxford.
1946	"The Galapagos finches", Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 21.
1947	Darwin's finches, London.
1951	FRS.
Lacy, Dyson
	Australian. Of Aramao, Bacao near Rockhampton, Queensland.
1868	L answered CD's Queries about expression.
Lake District, see Coniston, Patterdale.
Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de, 1744-1829.
	French naturalist and evolutionist.
1809	L's main work, Philosophie zoologique, Paris.
1844	CD to Hooker, "Heaven forfend me from Lamarck's nonsense of a 'tendency to progression', 'adaptations for the slow willing of animals', &c.!"—LLii 23.
1844	CD to Hooker, "Lamarck's [book] which is veritable rubbish"—LLii 29.
circa 1850	L "In his absurd though clever work has done the subject much harm, as has Mr Vestiges"—LLii 29.
1861	CD discusses L's views in para. 2 and footnote of "Historical sketch", "This justly celebrated naturalist". "He first did the eminent service of arousing the attention to the probability of all change...being the result of law, and not of miraculous interposition".
Lamont, Sir James, Bart, 1828-1913.
	Sportsman, traveller and geologist. MP.
	Of Knockdow, Argyllshire.
?1860	Mar. 5 CD to L about evolution—MLi 143.
1861	Seasons with the sea-horses, London. L sent CD a copy. CD replied about whales and bears. The book, p. 17, contains an important statement about the relationship between British red grouse and Scandinavian willow grouse, and, p. 277, quotes whale-bear story, from 1st edition of Origin p. 184, in full, the only reproduction of it in CD's lifetime except in 1860 USA editions of Origin—MLi 179.
1910	1st Bart.

[page] 185

Lane, Edward Wickstead, 1823-1889.
	Proprietor of Moor Park hydropathic establishment, near Farnham, Surrey. Later at Sudbrooke Park, Petersham, Surrey. Son-in-law of Lady Drysdale.
1882	L was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
	L gives his recollections of CD in W. B. Richardson, Lecture on Charles Darwin—LLi 131 with quotation.
Lane, H. B.
	Australian of Belfast, Victoria, police magistrate and warden.
1867	L answered CD's Queries about expression.
Lane, Richard James, 1800-1872.
	Physician. ? Brother of E. W. L.
1860	L was at Sudbrooke Park hydropathic establishment, Petersham, Surrey, which CD visited in that year.
Langdon, Miss
	Governess to the Wedgwoods at Maer. "The most unattractive old lady I ever saw, nearly stone deaf, with a harsh countenance, and a voice like a parrot's"—EDii 155.
1854	L was taken in by Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood [II] at The Ridge, Hartfield.
Langton, Algernon, 1781-?
	Soldier, later Anglican clergyman. Uncle of Charles L.
1820	Married Marianne Drewe. 1 son, Bennet L.
Langton, Bennet, 1822-?
	Only child of Algernon L.
Langton, Charles, 1801-1886.
	Anglican clergyman. Nephew of Algernon L. Had a weak chest. Lost nine siblings through consumption.
before 1831	L had been tutor to Lord Craven's children.
1832	Married 1 Charlotte Wedgwood. 1 son.
1832-1841	Vicar of Onibury near Ludlow.
1841	L lost his faith and resigned living.
1841-1847	L lived at Maer.
1847-1863	L lived at Hartfield Grove, Hartfield, Sussex, which he left after death of 1st wife.
1863	CD and ED stayed there—MLi 240.
1863	Married 2 Emily Catherine Darwin. s.p.
	L moved to Shrewsbury and, after death of second wife, moved into lodgings "at Mrs Tasker's".
Langton, Charlotte, see Wedgwood.
Langton, Diana
	Daughter of Emily Caroline and Edmund L.
1896	Married Capt. A. A. Montgomery.
Langton, Edmund, 1841-1875.
	Only child of Charles L and Charlotte Wedgwood. CD's second cousin.
1867	Married Emily Caroline Langton Massingberd. 1 son, 2 daughters: 1. Charlotte Mildred, 2. Steven Massingberd, 3. Diana.
Langton, Emily Caroline, see Massingberd.
Langton, Emily Catherine, see Darwin.
Langton, Steven Massingberd
	Son of Emily Caroline and Edmund L.
1895	Married Margaret Lushington.
Lankester, Sir Edwin Ray, 1847-1929.
	Zoologist. DNB.
1872	CD to L, about reproduction of elephants "I can clearly see that you will some day become our first star in Natural History"—MLi 336.
1874-1890	Prof. Zoology and Comparative Anatomy University College London.
1875	FRS.
1875	CD to ?, about L being blackballed for election to Linnean Society, "he is not a personal friend only an acquaintance"—FUL 114.
1879	CD to L, CD is glad that L is to spend more time on original research, does "splendid work"—Carroll 565.
1880	Degeneration: a chapter on Darwinism.
1881	CD wrote a testimonial for L's application for Edinburgh Chair, ?printed. L held it briefly in plurality—Carroll 604.
1891-1898	Oxford.
1898-1907	Director British Museum (Natural History).
1907	KCB.

[page] 186

Larson, Dr
	Assistant to W. H. Flower at Royal College of Surgeons, although never on the official staff. See R. A. Blair.
1878	Flower to CD, on deformity in goose wings, gives L's report—Carroll 551 and p. 209.
Latter, Mrs
1858	Governess at Down House for about a year.
Latvian
	First editions in:
1914-1915	Origin of species (F736).
1953	Autobiography (F1526).
Laugel, Antoine August, 1830-1914.
	French geologist.
1860	L gave a favourable review of Origin in Rev. deux Mondes, Apr.—LLii 305.
Laurence, Samuel, 1812-1884.
	Artist.
1853	Chalk drawing of CD is at Down House. There is a study for it at Botany School Cambridge.
Lawless, Hon. Mrs
1876	CD to Romanes, CD had corresponded with L about fertilisation of plants; she sent CD "a very good manuscript"—Life of Romanes 56.
Lawson, Nicholas
	English. Vice-Governor of Galapagos Islands.
1835	Sep. 25 entertained CD and FR on Charles Is; "he could tell at once [from] which island any one (tortoise) was brought"—CD Diary—Keynes pp. 302-3.
Layard, Edgar Leopold, 1824-1900.
	Naturalist and traveller. L provided CD with information for Variation—Carroll 143.
Leadendale
1897	Home of Cecil Wedgwood.
"Leaves"
1881	[Letter] "The movement of leaves", Nature, Lond., 23:603-604 (Bii 728, F1794).
1881	"Leaves injured at night by free radiation", Nature, Lond., 24:459 (Bii 231, F1796).
Lecoq, Henri, 1802-1871.
	French botanist.
1854-1858	Études sur la géographie botanique de l'Europe, 9 vols, Paris—LLiii 301.
1862	CD to Hooker, "Here is a good joke: I saw an extract from Lecoq 'Géograph. Bot.' and ordered it and hoped it was a good sized pamphlet, and nine thick volumes have arrived".
1863	CD to Hooker, L is a believer in change of species—LLiii 26.
Lee, Rev. Samuel, 1783-1852.
	Historian and orientalist.
1819-1831	Prof. Arabic Cambridge.
1831-1848	Regius Prof. History Cambridge.
1838	CD dined with L at Trinity College.
Leggett, William Henry, 1816-1882.
	Botanist of New York. L helped CD with information on forms of flowers.

[page] 187

Lehr, Christian Wilhelm Jacob, 1856-?1898.
	Sculptor.
before 1887	Bust, not from life but before 1887, listed in LLiii without whereabouts. At Oxford University Museum.
Leidy, Joseph, 1823-1891.
	American zoologist.
1853-	Prof. Anatomy Pennsylvania.
1860	Feb. CD to L, welcoming L's partial acceptance of CD's views on evolution, "I have never for a moment doubted, that though I cannot see my errors, that much in my book will be proved erroneous"—Carroll 202.
Leighton, Francis Knyvett, 1772-1834.
	Army Officer. A Shropshire family.
1805	Married Mary Anne Aldworth. Daughter Clare.
1835	Apr. 23 CD at Valparaiso to Susan "I am indeed very sorry to hear of poor Col. Leighton's death. I can well believe he is regretted"—Keynes p. 280.
Leighton, William Allport, 1805-1899.
	Anglican clergyman and lichenologist. Schoolfellow of CD at Mr Case's school, Shrewsbury—LLi 28.
Leith, Midlothian, the port of Edinburgh.
1838	Jun. CD went to L by boat from London on his way to Glen Roy.
Leith Hill Place, near Dorking, Surrey.
1842	Joe W bought it, about 4000 acres, on resigning his partnership in the firm.
circa 1847- 1880	Home of Josiah Wedgwood [III] circa 1847-1880.
	Also home of Margaret Susan W, Mrs Vaughan Williams.
before 1944 and later	It passed to Hervey Vaughan Williams, and 1944 on his death to Ralph V. W., who gave it to National Trust. They leased it to Ralph Wedgwood, his cousin and close friend.
Lepadidae, fossil of Great Britain, see Cirripedia, British fossil.
Lesquereux, Leo, 1806-1889.
	Swiss palaeobotanist, settled in USA.
1865	CD to Hooker, "he says that he is converted [to evolution] because my books make the Birth of Christ, Redemption by Grace, etc., plain to him"—MLi 260.
Lessona, Michele, 1823-1894.
	Prof. Zoology Turin. L translated four of CD's works into Italian.
1882	"Commemorazione di Carlo Darwin", Atti Accad. Sci. Torino, 18:709-718.
1883	Carlo Darwin, Rome.
Lester, James
	Petty Officer Cooper on 2nd voyage of Beagle.
Letters
	Letters to and from CD, in whole or in part, are contained in the following main collections:

1887	Life and letters, 3 vols.
1903	More letters, 2 vols.
1904, 1915	Emma Darwin, 2 vols.
1909	Letters to Trimen in E. B. Poulton, Darwin and the Origin.
1915	Letters to Wallace in J. Marchant, Alfred Russel Wallace.
1939	Letters to Asa Gray, Historical Records Survey, Boston.
1959	de Beer, Notes and Records Roy. Soc., 14:12-66, which also lists about thirty other sources of one or a few letters.
1961	de Beer, Ann. Sci., 14:83-115, a continuation of de B's 1959 paper.
1961	Letters to Innes in R. M. Stecher, Ann. Sci., 17:201-258.
1967	Letters to Henslow in Nora Barlow, Darwin and Henslow.
1969	Letters to Bates in R. M. Stecher, Ann. Sci., 25:1-47, 95-125.
1976	Letters at American Philosophical Society, calendared by P. T. Carroll.

[page] 188

Letters on Geology
	Extracts from letters sent to Henslow by CD when on the Beagle voyage were read to the Cambridge Philosophical Society.
1835	These extracts were printed, without CD's knowledge, for private circulation amongst members of the Society, by Cambridge University Press.
	The pamphlet is not dated, although the preface is dated Nov. 16, 1835 (F1).
1960	A type facsimile, also for private distribution, was issued in 1960 (F4).
1967	The letters are printed in full in Darwin and Henslow (F5, F1598), 1967.
	Foreign editions:
1891	German (F6).
1959	Russian (F7).
Lettington, Henry (b. 1822/3)
1854-1872	Gardener at Down House.
	L of CD "He moons about in the garden, and I have seen him standing doing nothing before a flower for ten minutes at a time. If only he had something to do I believe he would be better"—Lubbock, Darwin-Wallace celebrations of the Linnean Society of London, 57-58, 1908.
1882	L was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
1895	Jul. Alive.
Leuckart, Carl Georg Friedrich Rudolf, 1822-1898.
	Prof. Zoology Leipzig.
1864	CD to Falconer, L was an early convert to evolution.
Lewes, George Henry, 1817-1878.
	Man of letters. Many letters to and from CD in The George Eliot letters 8 and 9, 1978. DNB.
1854-1878	Common law husband of Mary Ann Evans ["George Eliot"].
1868	Feb. L reviewed Variation favourably and "gratifyingly"—LLiii 76.
	1873 Oct. lunched at Down House with Eliot.
1874	CD and ED attended a seance at Litchfield's house in London with L and George Eliot.
Lewis, John [I], 1797/1798-1866.
	Carpenter of Downe. Father of John L [II]. Often worked for CD.
1849	Built hydropathic douche beside the well.
1862	With his son built hothouse.
Lewis, John [II], circa 1834-?;
	Son of J. L. [II]. "A short hale man with white hair and beard and a rare smile"—Zoologist 1909 p. 120, extracted from Evening News 1909 Feb. 12.
circa 1849	Page at Down House for two years.
	Later village carpenter first working with his father.
1882	Built CD's first coffin q.v.
1921	Alive aet. 87—Colp J. Hist. Med. 35:59-63, 1980.
Lewy, Naphtali (Naphtali Hallevi), 1840-1894.
	Rabbi and humanistic writer of Radom, Russian Poland.
1874	Pamphlet Toledoth Adam [The descent of man], 60 pp, Vienna, which is the first to introduce CD's views into rabbinical literature.
1876	L wrote to CD about Toledoth Adam—MLi 365.
1891	L's book Nachlat Naphtali, Pressburg, prints extracts from his correspondence with CD.
1894	L died at Southport, Lancashire.
Leyden, University of
1875	CD Honorary MD.
Liebre, La
	Schooner. CD says 11½ tons, but FR says 9 tons "sharp built or frigate barge". Surveyed southeast coast of Argentine.
1832	Sep. 11 hired at £140 by Fitz-Roy from James Harris, resident at Rio Negro, Argentine, for eight lunar months, with Schooner La Paz. Commanded by Stokes, who had Lieut B. J. Sulivan in La Paz under his command.
	CD travelled on her for a time and then Wickham was in charge.

[page] 189

Liesk, Mr
	Resident in Cocos Keeling Islands.
1836	Apr. 3 CD met.
Life and letters
	Contains CD's "Autobiography" in Vol. 1, 26-160.
1887, 1888	Francis D, editor, The life and letters of Charles Darwin, including an autobiographical chapter, 3 vols, London. Three other printings in 1887 and one in 1888 have small corrections (F1452-1457).
1969	Facsimile (F1507).
	Foreign editions of whole work:
1887	USA (F1456).
1887-1888	German (F1515).
1888	French (F1514)
1889	Norwegian (F1528).
1892	See also Charles Darwin: his life, which is largely, but not entirely an abridged version.
Lindley, John, 1799-1865.
	Botanist. DNB.
1828	FRS.
1829-1860	Prof. Botany University College London.
1843	CD sent L some seeds which had been found by W. Kemp under 25 feet of white sand—MLii 243.
1853	L was in competition with CD for award of Royal Medal of Royal Society.
1856	CD to Hooker, suggesting that L was worth a Copley Medal.
1857	L got a Royal in 1857, never a Copley—MLi 88.
Linnean Club
	Dining club of Linnean Society.
1861	CD dined at with Thomas Bell.
Linnean Society of London
	CD used the Library a great deal.
1854-	CD Fellow.
1856	CD sent £20 for some special purpose "with heavy groans"—MLi 94.
1881	The Society commissioned John Collier's oil portrait of CD. It hangs in their rooms at Burlington House.
Linum
1863	On the existence of two forms, and on their reciprocal sexual relation in several species of the genus Linum, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), 7:69-83 (Bii 93, F1723).
1863	French translation Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 19:204-295, with CD's 1862 papers on Primula and Catasetum.
Lion, The, Inn, Wyle Cop, Shrewsbury.
1835	CD to his sister Susan, CD considered staying there when he got back from Beagle voyage, travelling by coach from Falmouth, to avoid waking family in middle of the night. In the event he reached Shrewsbury in the early morning. It is still there as an hotel.
Litchfield, Henrietta Emma, see Darwin.
Litchfield, Richard Buckley, 1831-1903 Jan. 11.
	Scholar and philanthropist. L worked on the legal side of the Ecclesiastical Commission. A founder of the Working Men's College (later Birkbeck College) London. L lived at 4 Bryanston Square. See Period piece ch. 7.
1871	Aug. 31, married at Downe Church, Henrietta Emma D d.s.p.
1881	ED to George D "the Litches came at lunchtime".
1883	Moved to 31 Kensington Square.
1903	Biographer of Thomas Wedgwood.
1903	Died at Cannes.

[page] 190

Lithuanian
	First editions in:
1959	Origin of species (F738).
1959	Autobiography (F1527).
1963	Journal of researches (F222).
Little Etruria
	House on the Etruria estate, near Etruria Hall. First home of Josiah Wedgwood [II].
1769	Josiah Wedgwood [I] and family moved in from Brick House, the Hall not being finished.
1792	Josiah W [II] and Bessy moved in on marriage.
Liverpool, Lancashire.
1818	Jul. CD visited with Erasmus Alvey D.
1838	CD passed through on return from Glen Roy.
Llangollen, Denbighshire.
1831	Aug. CD visited with Sedgwick for geology.
Lloyd, Miss
1869	CD to L, sending letter from Boyd Dawkins about CD's visit to Caerdeon, Barmouth. ?Owner of house where they stayed—Carroll 373.
Lloyd, Ann Susan, 1789-1862.
	Daughter of Gamaliel L of Yorkshire.
1806	Married Leonard Horner.
Lloyd, Capt. John Augustus, 1800-1884.
	See also Elephant. DNB.
1830	FRS.
1831-1849	Surveyor General Mauritius.
1836	May 3 L entertained CD "So well known from his examination of the Isthmus of Panama"—J. Researches, 1845, 485.
Loch Leven, Argyllshire.
1838	Jun. CD visited on way to Glen Roy.
Lock & Whitfield
	Commercial photographers of London.
1958	L. Eiseley, Darwin's century, has on front free end paper an oval photograph, from Men of mark, 3rd ser., 1878, attributed to this firm. It looks like a Julia Cameron rephotographed. No other evidence that they photographed CD.
Loddiges, Conrad
	Nurseryman.
1838	Sep. CD visited his garden in Hackney, saw 1279 varieties of roses—Allan 123.
Loewenberg, Bert James, 1905-.
	American historian of evolution.
1939	L wrote introduction to calendar of CD to Asa Gray letters.
1959	Charles Darwin: evolution by natural selection, Boston, selections by L from CD's works.
London Stereoscopic Company
	See also Stereoscopic Company.
1909	Three photographs of CD were shown at British Museum (Natural History) memorial exhibition, 1909; said to have been taken circa 1864.
Long, Professor
	Character in E. G. E. Bulwer Lytton's novel What will he do with it, 4 vols, 1858, Vol. 1; 284-296. CD says, in "Autobiography" 81, that the character was modelled on him. "Lecture on conchology to the Gatesboro' Athenaeum and Literary Institute" for which the fee was £5.5.0. He had written "Researches into the natural history of limpets, 2 vols, Post Octavo".

[page] 191

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 1807-1882.
	Poet.
1843	Married Frances Elizabeth Appleton.
1868	L called on CD at Freshwater, Isle of Wight, with brother-in-law T. G. Appleton.
Longley, Dr, ?-1868.
	Resident at Downe. L is not on Physicians Register.
1868	CD to Innes, "I was sorry to lose"—Darwin-Innes 227.
Longueville, Cecile
1860	Married Henry Parker.
Lonsdale, William, 1794-1871.
	Soldier and geologist. L served at Waterloo.
1829-1842	Curator and Librarian Geological Society of London.
1842	CD to Lyell, CD "had a long talk with Lonsdale, who was cheerful for the first time in his life because of a gift, which he will use on coral work". The gift was a moiety from the Wollaston Fund—Carroll 28.
Lothian St, Edinburgh.
	No. 11. Mrs Mackay charged £1.16.0 per week for two bedrooms and a sitting room. She regularly let to medical students, including later Edward Forbes.
1825-1827	CD lodged there when a medical student 1825 Oct.-1827 Apr. In the first year his brother Erasmus Alvey D was also there.
	John Edmonston q.v. lived at No. 37 during CD's time.
1888	A tablet was put up on the house commemorating CD's stay, at suggestion of Francis D. Ashworth, 1935, wrongly, numbers the house "21".
Lovegrove, Mr Charles
	Churchwarden at Downe Church. He and Mrs L are mentioned in Darwin-Innes 220, 231.
Low Archipelago, see Tuamotu.
Lowe, Henry Porter, 1810-1887.
	Cambridge friend of CD, later Sherbrooke. Brother of Viscount S. Member of Gourmet Club.
Lowe, Rev. Richard Thomas, 1802-1874.
	Anglican clergyman and botanist. DNB.
1832-1852	Chaplain at Madeira.
1866	Hooker to CD, H had a letter from L on distribution of plants in Atlantic islands which was of interest to CD.
Lowe, Robert, 1811-1892.
	At Oxford. Statesman. Liberal MP for Kidderminster, later for University of London. Biography A. P. Martin 1893: "I saw something in him (CD) which marked him out as superior to anyone I had ever met". This when they met at Barmouth. DNB.
?1828	Said by Allan to have been on Barmouth reading party with CD, perhaps in confusion with his brother Henry.
1831	Was at Barmouth with CD, not the earlier trip.
1842-1850	In Australia.
1868-1873	Chancellor of the Exchequer.
1871	FRS.
1871	L visited Down House from High Elms with Lubbock, Huxley and M. E. G. Duff.
1880	Viscount Sherbrooke.
Lowell, J. A.
1860	May L reviewed Origin in Christian Examiner, Boston, 449-464.
Lowell, James Russell, 1819-1891.
	American author and diplomat. EB.
1880-1885	American Minister in London.
1882	Pallbearer at CD's funeral.

[page] 192

Lubbock, Lady [Alice], see Fox.
Lubbock, Lady [Ellen Frances], see Hordern.
Lubbock, Lady [Harriet], see Hotham.
Lubbock, Henry James, 1838-?
	Son of Sir John William L. Younger brother of Sir John L. Married Frances Mary Turton. L visited Down House with his elder brother.
Lubbock, Sir John, Bart, 1834-1913.
	First child of Sir John William L. Statesman, banker and man of science. Home High Elms near Downe. L was the closest of CD's younger friends and frequent visitor to Down House from childhood. Biography: Hutchinson 1914. DNB EB.
1856	Married 1 Ellen Frances Hordern. 3 sons, 3 daughters: 1. Amy Harriet; 2. John Birkbeck, 3. Constance Mary, 4. Norma, 5. Gertrude, 6. Rolfe Arthur.
1853	His first scientific paper was in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. describing Labidocera darwinii, a calanid copepod, from material lent by CD. "How on earth you find time is a mystery to me—CD to L in Hutchinson i p. 176;
1858	FRS.
1859	CD sent 1st edition of Origin to.
1865	4th Bart.
1865	CD to Hooker, "Many men can make fair M.P.'s; and how few can work in science like him"—MLii 157.
1882	L suggested Westminster Abbey funeral for CD and organized letter to the Dean. Served as a Pallbearer.
1884	Married 2 Alice A. L. L. Fox. 3 sons, 2 daughters. 1. Ursula, 2. Irene, 3. Harold Fox Pitt, 4. Eric Fox Pitt, 5. Maurice Fox Pitt.
1900	1st Baron Avebury.
Lubbock, Sir John's Hundred Books
	Published by George Routledge.
	The set includes:
1891	Journal of researches (F69) as No. 2.
1894	(=1895) Origin of species (F445) as No. 88.
Lubbock, Sir John Birkbeck, Bart, 1858-1929.
	Eldest son of Sir John L. and Ellen Frances Hordern.
1913	5th Bart.
1913	2nd Baron Avebury.
Lubbock, Sir John William, Bart, 1803-1865.
	Father of Sir John L. Banker, barrister and astronomer. Home High Elms near Downe, which he largely rebuilt. CD's neighbour, their land marching together. On friendly terms, but not close. DNB.
1829	3rd Bart, FRS.
1833	Married Harriet Hotham.
Lubbock, Ursula, 1885-?
	Second child of Sir John L and Alice Fox.
1906	Married Major Adrian Grant Duff.
Ludwig, Miss Camilla
	Sister of Karl L. Later Mrs Patrick.
1859-1865 or later	Governess at Down House.
1868	L translated for CD C. L. Rütimeyer, Die Grenzen der Thierwelt; eine Betrachtung zu Darwin's Lehre, Basel.
Ludwig, Karl
	Brother of Camilla L. An officer of the Hamburg liner S.S. Teutonia. L visited Down House.
Ludwig, Rudolf August Birminghold Sebastian, 1812-1880.
	German palaeontologist of Darmstadt.
1877	CD to L, thanking for essay dedicated to CD and referring to "Crocodilus darwini, Fossile Crocodiliden aus der Tertiär Formation des Mainzer Beckens", Palaeontographica, suppl. 3, Lief. 4 and 5.

[page] 193

"Luftschifferei der Spinnen"
1839	"Uber der Luftschifferei der Spinnen", Froriep's Neue Notizen aus dem Gebiete der Natur-und Heilkunde, 11:505-509 (F1654); a translation from J. Researches, 1845, 187-189.
Lumb, Edward (d. 1872)
	English merchant at Buenos Aires.
1833	CD stayed with.
1834	L arranged for shipment to England of a "Megatherium" skull, actually Toxodon, which CD had found near the estancia of Mr Keen q.v., on river Beguelo—J. H. Winslow, J. Hist. Geogr., 1:347-360.
Lushington, Beatrice Ann Shore, see Smith.
Lushington, Sir Godfrey, 1832-1907.
	Fifth son of Stephen L. Barrister and Civil Servant.
1865	Married Beatrice Ann Shore Smith.
1868	CD and ED gave luncheon to him and his wife in London—EDii 189.
1882	L and Mrs L on "Family Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
1892	KCB.
1899	GCMG.
Lushington, Jane, see Mowatt.
Lushington, Stephen, 1782-1873.
	Father of Vernon L.
Lushington, Vernon, 1832-1912.
	Fourth son of Stephen L. 36 Kensington Square, London, and Borden, Hampshire. DNB.
1806-1840	MP.
1838-1867	Judge of High Court of Admiralty.
1865	Married Jane Mowatt. 2 daughters.
circa 1869	Henrietta Emma D first met R. D. Litchfield, her future husband, at the L's London house. The L's and their two daughters remained family friends. Katherine ("Kitty") married Leopold James Maxse; Margaret married Stephen Massingberd son of Edmund Langton.
1871, 1881	1871 Spring and 1881 Jul. L visited Down House with wife.
1877-1900	County Court Judge for Surrey and Berkshire.
1882	L and Mrs L on "Family Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Luxan, see Benchuca.
Lyell, Lady (Charles), see Mary Horner.
Lyell, Miss
	One of Charles L [I]'s daughters, probably the eldest.
1875	CD to Miss Buckley mentions her—LLiii 196.
Lyell, Charles [I], 1767-1849.
	Amateur botanist and country gentleman. Of Kinnordy, Kirriemuir, Forfarshire.
1796	Married — Smith. 3 sons, 7 daughters: first son Charles, second son Thomas, third son Henry.
Lyell, Sir Charles [II], Bart, 1797 Nov. 14-1875 Feb. 22.
	Geologist. First son of Charles Lyell [I]. Family home Kinnordy, Kirriemuir, Forfarshire; in London 16 Hart St, Bloomsbury Square, later 53 Harley St. Blind in old age. Biography: Mrs K. M. Lyell (sister-in-law), 2 vols 1881; Bonney 1901; F. D. Adams 1933; E. Bailey 1962; L. G. Wilson 1972. EB DNB.
	L was of independent means and worked as a geologist, the most distinguished of his age. L was a close friend and correspondent of CD, but never on the same comfortable terms as Hooker, and never stated unequivocally in print his views on CD's position in regard to evolution.
1826	FRS.
until 1827	Called to the Bar and practised until 1827.
1831-1833	Prof. Geology King's College London.
1832	Married Mary Elizabeth Horner d.s.p.
1836	Oct. 29 CD first met at L's house in London.
1839	ED to her sister Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood [II], "Mr Lyell is enough to flatten a party, as he never speaks above his breath, so that everybody keeps lowering their tone to his"—EDii 40.
1844	CD to Horner, "I always feel as if my books [the geologies] came half out of Lyell's brain"—MLii 117.
1845	CD dedicated 2nd edition of Journal of researches to L.
1848	Kt.
1858	Copley Medal.
1858	CD to Hooker, sending H notes on L's excellence to help him award Copley Medal—MLi 445.
1859	CD sent L 1st edition of Origin, copy now at Down House, presented by Sir George Buckston Browne.
1863	CD to Hooker, "The Lyells are coming here...I dread it, but I must say how much disappointed I am that he has not spoken out on species, still less on man"—LLiii 9.
1864	1st Bart.
1865	Feb. CD broke 6th edition of Elements of geology into two halves in his dislike of fat books—LLiii 35.
1874	Sep. 23 CD's last letter to Lyell about Judd's views on volcanoes—LLiii 190.
1875	CD was asked by Mrs Henry Lyell to be a Pallbearer at L's funeral. CD declined on grounds of ill health.
	L's secretary for many years was Arabella Burton Buckley q.v.
	Most of CD's correspondence with L is at American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, with Calendar 1976 by P. T. Carroll.
	L's seven notebooks on the species problem, at Kinnordy, edited by L. G. Wilson, Yale University Press 1970.
	Main works:
1830-1833	Principles of geology, three vols, London. CD's copy of Vol. 1 was presented to him by Fitz-Roy. Vol. 2 reached him in South America.
1838	Elements of geology, London.
1863	The geological evidence of the antiquity of man, London.
	In his will he left the die by Wyon to be cast in bronze to Geological Society and £2,000, not less than one third interest to go with gold medal annually.

[page] 194

Lyell, Lt-Col. Henry, ?-1875.
	Third son of Charles Lyell [I]. Indian Army Officer.
1848	Married Katherine Murray Horner. 3 sons, 1 daughter: 1. Leonard born 1850; 2. Francis born 1852; 3. Arthur born 1854; 4. Rosamund born 1856.
Lyell, Katherine Murray, see Horner.
Lyell, Thomas
	Naval Officer. Second son of Charles L [I].

[page] 195

Lynch, Richard Irwin, 1850-1924.
	Botanist.
1867-1879	On staff at Kew.
1878	L supplied CD with plants—LLiii 331. See Francis D, J. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.), 22:102.
1879-1919	Curator Botanic Garden Cambridge.
Lyne, Mrs, ?-1881.
	A villager at Downe who died suddenly Feb. 16. "They wanted Francis D to see her corpse. He declined 'dirty old woman'".
"Lythrum salicaria"
1864	"On the sexual relations of the three forms of Lythrum salicaria", J. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.), 8:169-196 (Bii 106, F1731).
Lytton, Edward George Earle Bulwer, Baron Lytton, see Bulwer.

[page 196]

M

"M"
	"Old M", the village blacksmith in Downe, a notable drunkard. He was converted by J. W. C. Fegan—EDii 244.
MacArthur, James
	Fourth son of John M. Brother of William. Also lived at Camden Park.
1836	Was in England at the time of CD's visit.
MacArthur, John
	Father of Sir William M and James M. A father founder of NSW sheep farming.
MacArthur, Sir William, 1800-1882.
	M was fifth son of John M. Philip Parker King was a cousin by marriage. Australian sheep farmer and horticulturalist of Camden Park, NSW. Amateur botanist. Member of New South Wales Legislative Council. DNB.
1836	Jan. CD visited Camden Park.
1837	The house was only finished in 1837.
1856	Kt.
1857	CD dined with M in London. CD to Gray, "a clever Australian gardener"—MLii 253.
Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 1800-1859.
	Historian and politician. EB DNB.
circa 1842	CD met at Lord Stanhope's house in London.
1857	1st Baron.
Macaw Cottage, 12 Upper Gower St, London q.v.
	So-called by CD from the gaudy curtains.
McCormick, Robert, 1800-1890.
	Also spelt MacCormick, M'Cormick or Maccormick.
	Surgeon on 2nd voyage of Beagle. Official naturalist, had trained and "wished to be employed on scientific voyages." M was on Erebus and Terror expedition with J. D. Hooker his junior.
1832	Apr. M returned to England, ostensibly sick, but had quarreled with Fitz-Roy and with Wickham—J. J. Keevil, J. R. Naval Med. Serv., 29:36-62, 1943; J. W. Gruber, Brit. J. Hist. Sci., 4:266-282, 1969. FR to Beaufort of M "a sad empty headed coxcomb"—Keynes p. 77
1832	Apr. 25 CD to Caroline "Maccormick returning to England, i.e. being disagreable to the Captain and Wickham. He is no loss"—D and Beagle pp. 64-6
1839	CD met with Hooker in Trafalgar Square.
M'Donnell, Robert, 1828-1889.
	Comparative anatomist of Dublin.
1860	CD to Lyell, "a first rate man". M had written to CD about the difficulties of electric organs in evolutionary theory—LLii 352.
1861	M's observations on homologous structures in skate and torpedo published in Nat. Hist. Rev., 57, 1861.
1865	FRS.
Macgillivray, William, 1796-1852.
	Ornithologist and fine field naturalist. CD knew him in Edinburgh and later met in London. DNB.
1831-1841	Conservator of Museum of Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.
1841-1852	Prof. Natural History Aberdeen.
Mackay, Mrs
	Landlady of 11 Lothian St, Edinburgh, who specialized in medical students, Lothian St being near the University.
1825-1827	1825 Oct.-1827 Apr. CD lodged there.
until 1826	Erasmus Alvey D lodged there until he qualified in Summer 1826.
Mackintosh, Catherine [I], see Stuart.
Mackintosh, Lady [Catherine II], see Allen.
Mackintosh, Catherine [III]
	Third child of Sir James M. and Catherine Stuart. Married 1 Sir William Wiseman. Married 2 G. H. Turnbull.

[page] 197

Mackintosh, Daniel, 1815-1891.
	Geologist. M earned his living by tuition and lecturing. Biography: Geol. Mag., 432, 1891.
1869	Author of The scenery of England and Wales, London.
1879	CD praises his work under difficulties and writes to on erratics—LLiii 235, MLii 166, 170.
Mackintosh, Elizabeth, 1799-1823.
	First child of Sir James M and Catherine Allen. Unmarried.
Mackintosh, Frances, ?-1874.
	Known as "Fanny Mack".
Mackintosh, Frances, 1801-1889.
	Second child of Sir James M and Catherine Allen. Known as "Fan" and "Fanny Hensleigh" by the CDs.
1832	Married Hensleigh Wedgwood.
1851	M was a partisan of Mazzini—EDii 143.
1878	M stayed at Down House, "quite an invalid".
Mackintosh, Sir James, 1765-1832.
	Philosopher and statesman. M was related to the D's through second marriage and some of the children were family friends. 14 Great Cumberland St and Ampthill Park. CD, "The best converser I ever listened to"—Barlow, Autobiography 55. Biography: Robert M. (son) 1836. DNB EB.
?	?FRS.
1789	Married 1 Catherine Stuart. 3 daughters: 1. Maitland, 2. Mary, 3. Catherine.
1798	Married 2 Catherine Allen. 1 son, 2 daughters: 1. Elizabeth, 2. Frances, 3. Robert.
1803	Kt.
1827	Sep. CD visited—Journal.
1832	M died from a chicken bone in his throat.
Mackintosh, Maitland
	First child of Sir James M and Catherine Stuart. Married William Erskine.
Mackintosh, Mary [I]
	Third child of Sir James M and Catherine Stuart. Married Claudius James Rich s.p.
1831	On being widowed M lived with her twice widowed father.
1849	CD lent her Lyell's Principles of geology—MLii 125.
Mackintosh, Mary [II], see Appleton.
Mackintosh, "Molly", see Mary Appleton.
Mackintosh, Robert, 1806-1864.
	Third child of Sir James and Catherine Allen. Married Mary Appleton. 2 sons, 1 daughter.
1836	M wrote biography of his father.
1846	ED called on M at a cottage near The Grange, Lord Ashburton's house, when CD went to British Association meeting at Southampton.
Mackintosh (M'Intosh), William Carmichael, 1838-1931.
	Invertebrate zoologist. Director of Gatty Marine Laboratory, St Andrew's University.
1877	FRS.
1881	CD to M "of whose work I have a very high opinion". CD refused to give a testimonial to M for the Edinburgh Chair of Natural History, on the grounds that he had already given one for E. R. Lankester—Carroll 604.

[page] 198

Maclaren, Charles, 1782-1866.
	Editor of The Scotsman. Geologist. DNB.
1847	CD corresponded with M.
Maclean, Sir Donald, 1820-1877.
	New Zealand statesman and Maori scholar.
1850	Nov. 23 CD mentions M in letter to Covington. M then living in Sydney—N&R 19.
1874	KCMG.
Maclear, Sir Thomas, 1794-1879.
	DNB.
1831	FRS.
1834-1870	Astronomer Royal at Cape of Good Hope.
1836	Jun. CD met at Cape of Good Hope—Keynes p. 365.
1860	Kt.
Macleay, William Sharp, 1792-1865.
	Cabinet naturalist. M invented the quinary system of classification. DNB.
1839	M emigrated to New South Wales.
1859	CD to Owen, "I have thought that perhaps my book [namely Origin] might be a case like Macleay's Quinarian system" [i.e. laughed at]—FUL 104.
McNab, William Ramsay, 1844-1889.
	Botanist. Scientific Superintendent Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin.
1862	CD to J. Scott, "present my thanks to Mr. McNab"—MLii 308.
1863	CD to Hooker, Scott was not happy under McNab—MLii 319.
1872-1889	Prof. Botany Dublin.
MacNalty, Francis Charles, 1846-1914.
	MD. Practised at Patterdale, near Penrith, for 16 years, later at Winchester.
1870	Qualified Dublin as physician.
1880	MD.
1881	Jun. CD saw at Glenridding, diagnosed angina pectoris with signs of myocardial degeneration.
1914	Died Dublin—Sir Arthur Salusbury MacNalty, son, 1964 Nursing Mirror Dec. 4.
Madagascar Squib
	A description of a carnivorous plant supposed to subsist on human beings.
1874	CD to Gray, "did not perceive it was a hoax till I came to the woman"—LLiii 325.
Madonna, The
1868	Julia Margaret Cameron's pretty maid, Mary Ryan, who often sat for her. CD and family met her at Freshwater, Isle of Wight.—EDii 191.
Maer Hall, Maer, Staffordshire.
	Seven miles from Etruria and Stoke-on-Trent. Home of Josiah Wedgwood [II]. CD was a frequent visitor there in his youth especially for the shooting in partridge season, and, after his return from Beagle voyage, for his courting. "The happiest of all Wedgwood houses"—W&W p. 246. Description in W&W.
	Parkfields was a cottage with about 100 acres which he added to the estate, borrowing from Robert Darwin.
1802	Bought for £30,000.
1807	Moved in.
1808	ED born there.
1814	Jos thought of selling it because he was then having to live at Etruria.
1816	He was back at Maer.
1839	ED married at St Peter's church from there.
1846	Left, on death of his wife Bessy Allen.
1847	Sold.
Magendie, François, 1783-1855.
	Physiologist.
1831-1855	Prof. Medicine Collège de France.
1881	Apr. 22 CD in letter to The Times refers to the cruelty of his experiments "some half a century ago".
Maguire, Thomas Herbert, 1821-1895.
	Irish lithographer.
1849	Portrait of CD drawn and put on stone by M, printed by M. & N. Hanhart. The only engraving in CD's lifetime. One of the Ipswich British Association portraits q.v.
Magyar Tudományos Akadémia
1872	CD Member.
Mahon, Viscount, see Stanhope, Philip Henry, 5th Earl of.
Maitland, Florence Henrietta, see Fisher.
Maitland, Frederic William, 1850-1906.
	DNB.
1886	Married Florence Henrietta Fisher.
1888-1906	Downing Prof. Laws of England Cambridge.
1902	FBA.

[page] 199

Malden, Bingham Sibthorpe, 1830-1906.
	Anglican clergyman and botanist.
1861	CD to M on orchids and insects—Carroll 254.
1862	M is acknowledged in Orchids.
Maldonado, Uraguay.
1832	Jul.-Oct. CD stayed at. He used the mouth of La Plata River as base for inland expeditions.
Malin, Harriet, 1790-1825, see Darwin.
	CCD spells "Maling".
Malin, Thomas James, 1778-1869.
	Naval Officer. CCD spells "Maling".
1841	Vice Admiral.
1881	Married Harriet Darwin d.s.p.
Malthus, Rev. Thomas Robert, 1766-1834.
	M's statements on the geometrical increase in population and its relation to the availability of resources were extremely important in CD's formulation of the idea of natural selection. EB DNB.
1805-1834	Prof. Modern History and Political Economy, East India Company College Haileybury.
1819	FRS.
1838	Sep. 13 CD started to read An essay on the principle of population, 1798, in the enlarged edition of 1803.
Malvern Wells, Herefordshire and Worcestershire.
	A spa town where Dr J. M. Gully had his water cure establishment at The Lodge.
1848	Summer. CD stayed for "some months"—LLi 81.
1849	Mar. 10-Jun. 30 CD again had water cure there.
1849	Sep. CD visited for day from British Association meeting at Birmingham.
1850	Jun. 11-18.
1851	Anne Elizabeth D, suffering from a fever, with Henrietta Emma D arrived there. Miss Thorley governess arrived a few days later.
	Apr. 17 CD arrived.
	Apr. 23 Anne died—EDii 132.
1863	Sep.-Oct. CD took a house for whole family—EDii 180.
Manchester, Lancashire.
1845	Sep. CD visited W. Herbert, then Dean of the Cathedral.
Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society
1868	CD Honorary Member.
Mansell, Henry Longueville, 1820-1871.
	Anglican clergyman and metaphysician.
1855-	Fellow of Magdalen College Oxford.
1861	CD sent him Gray's Natural selection not inconsistent with natural theology—Darwin-Gray 76.
1868-1871	Dean of St Paul's Cathedral, London.
Mantell, Gideon Algernon, 1790-1852.
	Surgeon and geologist of Lewes, Sussex and Clapham. Father of W. B. D. M. Describer of Iguanodon and other dinosaurs. M disliked Owen as much as CD did. 1927 biography Spokes. 1940 Ms Journal ed. E. C. Curwen.
1825	FRS
1848	Feb. 2 CD listened to on NZ fossil birds at Geol.Soc., also met at RS committees.
Mantell, Walter Baldock Durrant, 1820-1895.
	Naturalist, son of G. A. M. CD letters to M at Turnbull Library, Wellington.
1840	Went to NZ.
Manual of Scientific Enquiry
1849	CD's article on geology is Section VI in A manual of scientific enquiry; prepared for the use of Her Majesty's Navy: and adapted for travellers in general, edited by Sir John F. W. Herschel Bart, CD's article 156-195.
	Early copies have a serious transposition of text 178-190 (F325).
	Later copies are corrected (F326).
	CD's own copy, at Cambridge, has the correct section inserted in a pocket in back cover.
1861	2nd edition (F328).
1859	3rd edition, superintended by R. Main (F329).
1871	4th edition, revised by J. Phillips (F331).
1886	5th edition edited by Sir Robert S. Ball (F333).
	CD's article alone occurs as a pamphlet:
1849	1st edition (F327).
1859	3rd edition (F330).
1871	4th edition (F332).
	First foreign editions:
1860	CD's article only, Russian (F336).
1860	Whole book, Russian (F337).

[page] 200

"Manures and Steeping Seed"
1844	Manures and steeping seed, Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 37:621 (Bi 196, F1666).
Marchant, Rev. Sir James, 1867-1956.
	Religious writer.
1915	Editor, Alfred Russel Wallace, London, which prints the whole of the Darwin-Wallace correspondence.
1921	KBE.
Marindin, Samuel, 1807-1852.
	Captain, Life Guards. M was at Shrewsbury School and Cambridge with CD.
1821-25	At Shrewsbury School.
1829	Trinity College Cambridge BA.
1834	Married Isabella Colville of Ochiltree and Craigflower, Ayrshire.
1834	M is mentioned in letter to Whitley—LLi 256.
1835	Rector of Penselwood, Somerset.
Mark, see Briggs.
Marsh
	A carrier, London-Cambridge—Darwin-Henslow 123.
Marsh, Othniel Charles, 1831-1899.
	American palaeontologist.
1866-	Prof. Vertebrate Palaeontology Yale, where his uncle George Peabody endowed the Peabody Museum.
1880	CD thanks M for sending a copy of Odontornithes, 1880—LLiii241.
Marshall, William, 1815-1890.
	Solicitor and botanist of Ely.
1852	M wrote a pamphlet on spread of Anacharis alsinastrum, London, reprinted from Cambridge Independent Press. CD had corresponded with—MLi 149, Darwin-Henslow 203.
1860	CD to Henslow, about spread of Elodea canadensis.
1875	M provided information on Pinguicula in Cumberland for Insectivorous Plants.
circa 1875	CD to M on oak trees—Carroll 459.
Marshall, William Cecil, 1849-?
	Architect. Cambridge friend of CD's sons.
	1876 CD to M, on adding billiard room at Down House—Carroll 499-501, Atkins 28.
Martens, Conrad, 1801-1878.
	Draughtsman of 2nd voyage of Beagle. M replaced Augustus Earle at Montevideo. Later a distinguished landscape painter in Australia. Later librarian, Legislative Council NSW. "A pupil of C. Fielding and excellent landscape drawer", "Our little painter"—Barlow, Charles Darwin and the voyage of the Beagle, 95, 108. Self portrait in Moorhead, Darwin and the Beagle, 134.
1833	Early Dec. at Montevideo.
1834	Aug. Valparaiso.
1836	CD bought two pictures from him: Jan. 17 Ponsonby Sound, really Beagle in Beagle Channel, Jan. 21 Santa Cruz river, for 3 guineas each at Sydney. CD "It is necessary to leave our little painter, Martens, to wander the world—Biography, Lindsay, Sydney, rev. ed. 1968. Keynes list of works and many illustrated. The two pictures above are Nos 150 and 193.
1837	Married Jane Brackenbury Carter. 2 daughters.
1862	CD was sent a third picture.
Martial, Mr
	Surgeon on a whaling ship. M gave CD information on races of human lice—Descent i 219, where he is not named. "Worthless and slightly educated"—Carroll 45.

[page] 201

Martha
	Sister of Mrs Morrey.
until 1856	Servant to Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood at Petley's, Downe, until the latter's death 1856.
Martin, John Royle
1871	CD to R, asking for ten shares in Artisan's Dwelling Company for £100—Carroll 403.
Martin, Septimus
	Son of the Rector of an adjoining parish to Downe.
1853	M dined at Down House. M had emigrated to Melbourne before this and was visiting—N&R 22.
Martineau, Harriet, 1802-1876.
	Feminist and author. CD's father Robert did not like her—EDi 776. EB DNB.
1831	CD met M at Hensleigh Wedgwood's in London, "She is so happy, good-humoured and conceited that she will not much mind what people say of her"—EDi 257.
1841	Erasmus Alvey D tried to help her when she was ill and poor—EDii 58.
Martineau, James, 1805-1900.
	Brother of Harriet. Nonconformist minister. Unitarian pastor.
1857-1869	Prof. Philosophy Manchester New College London.
1859-1873	CD went to Little Portland St chapel to hear him preach—R. V. Holt 1938 p. 344.
1869-1885	Principal—IJ.
1861	CD sent M Gray's Natural selection not inconsistent with natural theology,—Darwin-Gray 76.
Marx, Heinrich Karl, 1818-1883.
	German communist. CD never met, and some doubt has been thrown on the authenticity of M's letters to CD, see L. S. Feuer, Ann. Sci., 32:1-12. See also E. B. Aveling.
from 1848	Living in London.
1873	Copy of 2nd edition of Das Kapital, Vol. 1, 1873, inscribed to CD "On the part of his sincere admirer" is at Down House.
Maryanne
1877	Nurse to Bernard Richard Meirion D at Down House. Also known as "Nanna".
Mason, P. B., 1842-1903.
	Of Burton-on-Trent. Newsletter Geological Curators Group I No. 7: 324, 328-30, 1976.
1871	CD to M, thanking for information about growth of hair on human back.
Massingberd, Charlotte Mildred, 1868-1940.
	Granddaughter of Charles Langton. Known as Mildred. Took the name "Massingberd" as had her mother E. C. M. CD's daughter-in-law. "She had a lively seriousness...she was charming to look at, with a great air of breeding and, I imagine, took more pains over her clothes than she would have confessed"—Bernard D p. 51.
1890	Nov. M was ED's companion "or lady-in-waiting as we sometimes called it"—Period Piece.
1900	Married as second wife Leonard D.
Massingberd, Emily Caroline
	Elder daughter of Charles Langton M and niece and coheir of Algernon Langton M. Known as "Lena".
1867	Married Edmund Langton.
1875	Widowed.
1887	May 20 she assumed the name and arms of "Massingberd" by Royal Licence—Burke p. 11.
Massingberd, "Lena", see Emily Caroline M.
Massingberd, Mildred, see Charlotte Mildred M.
	Massingberd, The M problem is solved in Burke p. 11; Emily Caroline Langton Massingberd married Edmund Langton; she was elder daughter of; 1875 her husband died; ; her daughter Charlotte Mildred too the name also; she married Leonard D in 1900, as second wife;
Masters, Maxwell Tylden, 1833-1907.
	Son of William M. Plant teratologist.
1860	CD to about evolution, mentioning that he had written to his father who was ill—MLi 147.
1860	CD to M, on papilionaceous flowers—MLii 256.
?1860	CD to M, about peloric flowers and referring to M's father's plant breeding—N&R 76.
1862	CD to M, about M's approval of Origin.
1865-	Editor Gardeners' Chronicle.
1869	Plant Teratology, Ray Society, London.
1870	FRS.

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Masters, William, 1796-1874.
	Nurseryman. Father of Maxwell Tylden M. Friendly correspondent of CD.
Matheson
	ED's personal maid, when ED was a widow.
Matthew, Henry, 1807-1861.
	Cambridge friend of CD. He was ill and paralysed for 20 years. CD lent or gave him money.
1830	President of the Cambridge Union.
1837	After some impoverished years in London, priest.
1843-1861	Rector of Eversholt, Bedfordshire.
Matthew, Patrick, 1790-1874.
	Author on political and agricultural subjects. Of Gourdiehill, Errol, Scotland. His surname is sometimes misspelt "Mathew" or "Matthews". One of CD's predecessors in the idea of natural selection. Biography W. J. Dempster 1983.
1831, 1839	The main statement is in an appendix to his Naval timber and arboriculture, London 1831, and there are further remarks in Emigration fields, London 1839.
1860	M drew attention to his priority in Gardeners' Chronicle, Apr. 7, with an extract from Naval timber, and reinforced it in Saturday Analyst and Leader, Nov. 24. CD's reply to first paper is in Gardeners' Chronicle, Apr. 21:362-363.
1864	In his pamphlet Schleswig-Holstein he puts on title page "Solver of the species problem".
1865	CD to Hooker, about W. C. Wells's work, "So poor old Patrick Matthew is not the first, and he cannot, or ought not to put on his title pages 'Discoverer of the principle of Natural Selection'"—LLiii 41. ?No copies of M's books known with this on title pages.
1912	Miss Euphemia M, daughter, visited W. T. Calman at British Museum (Natural History) with copies of CD-M correspondence. Copies are in the Museum. See Calman, J. Bot. Brit. foreign, 192-194, with portrait of M. De Beer prints the letters—N&R 39-43.
Matthews, Mary Anne
	Married Lawrence Ruck. Mother of Amy Richenda Ruck. Mother-in-law of Francis D. Francis D's book The story of a childhood contains extracts from letters addressed to M about Bernard R. M. D's youth. Known to Bernard as Nain, North Welsh for grandmother. Home Pantlludw, Merioneth, picture of it—Bernard D p. 24.
1890	Was visiting ED in Cambridge "once a year" in 1890. She taught ED solo whist.
	Died in her late eighties.
Matthews, Richard, 1811-1893.
	Missionary from Church Missionary Society to Fuegians. Carried there on 2nd voyage of Beagle. A young catechist rather than a qualified missionary, also a seaman. He became an Able Seaman after the rescue. 1893 obit. N. Z. Herald Suppl. Feb. 24.
1834	Jan. 23 M landed at Woollya.
	Feb. 6 M was taken off again because his life was in danger. "No companion could be found in time".
	Finally landed at New Zealand where his brother was a missionary—J. Researches, 1845, 207.
	Married Johanna Sara Blomfield. 5 daughters.
1839	Farmed 3,000 acres at Te Kumi, North Is, NZ.
1893	Died Auckland.

[page] 203

Maull & Fox, see Maull & Polyblank.
Maull & Polyblank
	Commercial photographers of London. Later Maull & Fox.
circa 1854	Photographed CD at Down House.
	Usual versions are:
a.	Seated. Check waistcoat and trousers, profile.
b.	Seated. Dark embroidery waistcoat, dark trousers, full face.
Maurice, John Frederick Denison, 1805-1872.
	Anglican clergyman and educationalist. M was a friend of Litchfield. EB DNB.
1840-	Prof. English History and Literature King's College London.
1846	Divinity added, later dismissed for heterodoxy.
1863	Kingsley to M, on success of Origin—LLiii 2.
1866-1872	Prof. Moral Philosophy Cambridge.
Mauritius, Indian Ocean.
1836	Apr. 29-May 9 Beagle at Port Louis. CD made several inland trips including one to Captain J. A. Lloyd's house May 4. CD returned part of the way on an elephant, the only one in the island.
Maw, George, 1832-1912.
	Geologist and botanist. Of Benthall Hall. M provided Drosophyllum for Insectivorous plants.
1861	Jul. M reviewed Origin in Zoologist. CD to Lyell, "evidently a thoughtful man"—LLii 376.
May, Jonathan, 1800-?
	Petty Officer. Carpenter on 2nd voyage of Beagle. Boat builder, built several and maintained all Beagle's boats.
Mayor, Mrs
1882	Jan. Headmistress of Greville House School, Paddington, London, where ED was for a year.
Mays, J. Aldous
1862	M took shorthand notes of Huxley's six lectures to working men, delivered at the Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn St, London. These were used for the six blue pamphlets, issued at 4d each.
1863	They were published as a book, On our knowledge of the causes of organic nature, London; the spine title was On the origin of species.
Medicinisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft zu Jena
1878	CD Honorary Member.
Medico-Chirurgical Society, London.
1868	CD Honorary Member.
Meehan, Thomas, 1826-1901.
	American botanist.
1874	CD to M, about colours of diœcious flowers—MLi 354.
Meldola, Raphael, 1849-1915.
	Entomologist. Prof. Chemistry Finsbury Technical College, London. WWH.
1873	CD to M, about saltations—MLi 350.
1882	M translated F. L. A. Weismann, Studien zur Descendenz-Theorie, Leipzig 1875-1876, as Studies in the theory of descent, London, with prefatory note by CD, v-vi (F1414).
1886	FRS.
1896	CD's letters with M in E. B. Poulton, Charles Darwin and the theory of natural selection, London, 199f.
Mellersh, Arthur, 1811-?1895.
	Volunteer 1st class on first voyage of Beagle.
1832	Apr. Midshipman/Mate's warrant on second voyage of Beagle.
1878	Vice-Admiral.

[page] 204

Melastomaceae
	This group of flowering plants has, in some species, two forms of stigmata.
1862-1881	CD worked on them, but never published his results. MLii 292-302 summarizes his work.
Memorial to the Chancellor of the Exchequer
1866	Memorial to the Chancellor of the Exchequer [on transfer of natural history section of British Museum to South Kensington], May 14, signed by CD and twenty-four others (F869). The Chancellor was Benjamin Disraeli.
1873	[Letter from P. L. Sclater containing the text], Nature, Lond., 9:41 (F370).
Mendel, Johann Gregor, 1822-1884.
	Johann was his baptismal name, Gregor was taken with his monk's vows. Augustinian monk at Brno, Moravia.
1865-1900	CD had never heard of M and, although his famous paper on inheritance in peas, "Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden", Verh. Naturforsch. Verein Brünn, 4, was available at the Royal Society and at the Entomological Society, it was ignored until 1900.
1868-	Abbot.
Mendoza, Argentine.
1835	Mar. 27 CD visited from Valparaiso, crossing the Andes by the southern, Portillo, pass.
	Mar. 29 returned by northern, Uspallata or Aconcagua, pass, crossing the Incas' bridge on Apr. 4.
Mental Evolution in Animals
1883	G. J. Romanes, Mental evolution in animals, London, contains posthumous Essay on instinct by CD, q.v.
Meteyard, Miss Elizabeth, 1816-1879.
	Daughter of a surgeon to Shropshire Militia. Spent her early years in Shrewsbury—Woodall p. 1. Biographer of the Wedgwoods.
1871	A group of Englishmen (1795-1815) being records of the younger Wedgwoods and their friends, London, is an important sourcebook, including information about CD's mother and of Darwins and Allens.
Miall, Louis Compton, 1842-1921.
	Zoologist. WWH.
1876-1907	Prof. Zoology Leeds.
1883	The life and works of Charles Darwin; a lecture delivered to the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society on February 6th, 1883, Leeds, the first biography after the obituaries.
1892	FRS.
Microscopes
	The microscope now in the old study at Down House is a portable in original case, by Cary, London.
1863	CD to I. A. Henry, "I have, as yet, found no exception to the rule, that when a man has told me he works with the compound alone his work is valueless". "Experience, however, has fully convinced me that the use of the compound without the simple microscope is absolutely injurious to progress of N[atural] History (excepting, of course, with Infusoria)"—MLii 299.

[page] 205

Midhurst, Sussex.
1876	Jun. 7-9 CD visited Sir John Hawkshaw there.
Mill, John Stuart, 1806-1873.
	Philosopher. EB DNB.
1823-1858	In service of East India Company, until dissolution.
1861	H. Fawcett to CD, "He considers that your reasoning throughout is in the most exact accordance with the strict principles of logic. He also says that the method of investigation which you have followed is the only one proper to such a subject"—MLi 189.
1865-1868	Whig MP for Westminster.
Miller, Hugh, 1802-1859.
	Geologist, stonemason and author. CD never knew this remarkable man, but he borrowed Lady Lyell's copy of Footsteps of the Creator, 1849, and then bought one himself—MLii 125.
Miller, William Hallowes, 1801-1880.
	Mineralogist. DNB.
1832-1870	Prof. Mineralogy Cambridge.
1836	M helped CD with examination of rocks from Beagle voyage.
1838	FRS.
1859	M and CD corresponded on structure of cells of honeybee comb—MLi 121, Carroll 189.
Milman, Henry Hart, 1791-1868.
	Anglican clergyman and author. Dean of St Paul's Cathedral, London. DNB.
circa 1842	CD met Sydney Smith at M's house in London—LLi 75.
Milne Edwards, Henri, see Henry Milne Edwards.
Milne, David, afterwards "Milne-Hume", 1805-1890.
	Geologist and mineralogist. DNB.
1847	M was against CD's interpretation of Glen Roy, and a frequent correspondent—MLii 177. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., 16:395, 1849.
Milner, Sir William, Bart
	Of Nunappleton, Tadcaster, Yorkshire.
1859	M to CD, on nuts which he had found in young petrels' crops at St Kilda—LLii 147.
Milnes, Richard Monckton, 1809-1885.
	Politician. In youth M was a member of Cambridge Apostles Debating Society. Known by Sydney Smith as "the cool of the evening"—EDii 114, 121. DNB.
late 1830s	CD met at Lord Stanhope's house.
1863	1st Baron Houghton.
"Mim"
	With "Abbety" and "Boo" were Bernard Richard Meirion D's nicknames in infancy for members of family. None is ED.
"Minerva"
	Nickname for Athenaeum Club, London, from bust on top of facade.
1838	CD "I did not even taste Minerva's small beer today"—LLi 295.
Missionaries
1836	CD and Fitz-Roy, "On the whole...we are very much satisfied that they thoroughly deserve the warmest support, not only of individuals, but of the British Government"—S. Afr. Christian Recorder, 2:238. See also "Moral state of Tahiti".
Mitten, Annie, 1846-1914.
	Youngest daughter of William and Elizabeth M.
1866	Married Alfred Russel Wallace. 2 sons, 1 daughter.
Mitten, Elizabeth
	Mother of Annie.
Mitten, William
	Of Hurstpierpoint, Sussex. A pharmacist interested in mosses. Father of Annie.

[page] 206

Mivart, St George Jackson, 1827-1900.
	Barrister and biologist. Lecturer in Biology, St Mary's Roman Catholic College, Kensington. Roman Catholic anti-Darwinian. Biography: J. Gruber 1960. DNB.
1869	FRS.
1871	The genesis of species, London.
1871	CD to Wallace, "but he was stimulated by theological fervour"—LLiii 135.
1871	CD to Chauncey Wright, "I conclude with sorrow that though he means to be honourable, he is so bigoted that he cannot act fairly"—LLiii 135.
1900	Excommunicated.
	M's other evolutionary works:
1873	Apes and men, an exposition of structural resemblances bearing upon questions of affinity and origin, London.
1876	Contemporary evolution; an essay on some recent social changes, London.
1882	Nature and thought, London.
Moffatt, or Moffat
1858-1878	Liveried footman at Down House.
Moggridge, John Traherne, 1842-1874.
	Naturalist. M was tubercular and lived in South of France. M sent orchis Neotina intacta to CD—Allan.
1865	CD to M, about fertilisation of bee orchis—LLiii 276.
1871	CD to M, about habits of ants and about orchids—Carroll 399.
1872	CD to M, about trap-door spiders—MLi 337.
1874	CD describes M as "One of our most promising young naturalists"—Nature, Lond., 11:114.
1873	Author of Harvesting ants and trap-door spiders, London 1873[-1874], which rediscovered the habits of Atta, described in Proverbs vi. 6.
Mojsisovics von Mojsvár, Johann August Georg Edmund, 1839-1907.
	Hungarian geologist. Vice-Director Imperial Geological Institute, Vienna.
[1878-]1879	M sent CD his Die Dolomit-Riffe von Südtirol und Venetien, [1878-]1879, Vienna. CD replied praising it.
Molly
	Nurse to ED and her brothers and sisters at Maer Hall.
"Mone", see Marianne Clapham.
Monk
1874	CD to Newton, about crossing in wagtails mentions M—FUL 99. Not traced.
"Monkeys"
1876	"Sexual selection in relation to monkeys", Nature, Lond., 15:18-19 (Bii 207, F1773), reprinted in Descent of man, 12th thousand 1877 onwards.
Monro, Alexander, 3rd of the name, 1773-1859.
	Anatomist. Prof Anatomy Edinburgh, in succession to his father and grandfather. M is said to have lectured from his grandfather's notes. DNB.
1826	CD to sister Caroline Sarah, "I dislike him and his lectures so much, that I cannot speak with decency about them"—MLi 7. "Made his lectures on human anatomy as dull as he was himself, and the subject disgusted me"—Barlow, Autobiography 47.

[page] 207

Monsell, Elinor Mary, 1878-1954.
	CD's granddaughter-in-law. Memorial in Downe churchyard.
1906	Married Bernard Richard Meirion D.
Montague
1862	CD to Innes, "They [the John Lubbocks] gave us a good account of poor Montague"—Darwin-Innes 212. Not traced.
Monteagle, Baron, see Thomas Spring Rice.
Monte Video, Uraguay.
1832-1833	1832 Ju1. 26 CD took several inland trips from here and from Buenos Aires when Beagle was based on La Plata river, until 1833 Dec. 6 when Beagle left for Patagonia.
Montgomery, Wales.
1822	Jul. CD visited for holiday with sister Susan Elizabeth.
Moor Park, near Farnham, Surrey.
	A water cure establishment, run by E. W. Lane, which CD visited often.
17th century	M was home of Sir William Temple and Esther Johnson, Swift's "Stella".
1859	"Dr. Lane's delightful hydropathic establishment"—LLi 85.
Moore, Aubrey Lackington, 1848-1890.
	Anglican clergyman. "The clergyman who more than any other man was responsible for breaking down the antagonism towards evolution then widely felt in the English Church"—Poulton, Darwin and the Origin, 11. DNB.
1876-1881	Rector of Frenchay, Bristol.
1881-	Fellow of Keble College Oxford.
Moore, David, né Muir, 1807-1879.
	Botanist. M provided Drosophyllum for Insectivorous plants, and gave information on Pinguicula.
1838-1879	Director of Glasnevin Botanical Gardens Dublin.
1981	CD letters to on insectivorous plants and on potatoes—Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 15:157-64.
Moore, Sir Norman, Bart, 1847-1922.
	Physician and antiquary. Of St Bartholomew's Hospital. DNB.
	M attended CD in his last illness. Atkins says that CD had no confidence in him—Atkins 38. "He [CD] once remarked to Dr. Norman Moore that one of the things that made him wish to live a few thousand years, was his desire to see the extinction of the Bee-orchis"—LLiii 276.
1882	M was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
1919	1st Bart.
"Moral state of Tahiti, New Zealand &c."
1836	"A letter, containing remarks on the moral state of Tahiti, New Zealand &c.", S. Afr. Christian Recorder, 2:221-238, by Robert Fitz-Roy and CD (Bi 19, F1640). CD's contributions are suffixed "D". CD's first publication except for beetle records in Stephens.

[page] 208

More, Alexander Goodman, 1830-1895.
	Botanist. M lived in Isle of Wight.
1860	M helped CD with orchid work—MLii 263.
1867-1880	Assistant Dublin Natural History Museum.
1881	Curator of Botany.
More letters
1903	Francis Darwin and A. C. Seward editors, More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters, 2 vols, London (F1548).
1972	Facsimile (F1550).
	Foreign editions:
1903	USA (F1549).
1959	Russian, autobiographical fragment and account of Down House only (F1551).
Moresby, Sir Fairfax, 1786-1877.
	Naval Officer. DNB.
1845	"Captain Moresby informs me about turtles, also about Chagos, Maldives and Seychelles"—J. Researches, 459.
1865	GCB.
1870	Admiral of the Fleet.
Moresby, Captain Robert, Officer in the Indian Navy who carried out surveys in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean.
Morley, John, Viscount, 1838-1923.
	Statesman and man of letters. EB DNB.
1871	M reviewed Descent in Pall Mall Gazette Mar. 20 CD wrote to anonymous reviewer.
1876	M visited Down House with Gladstone, Huxley and Playfair, whilst staying at High Elms.
1902	OM.
1908	Viscount Morley of Blackburn.
Morrey, Mrs
	Sister of Martha, the housemaid.
until 1856	Cook to Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood [I] at Petley's, Downe, until Miss W's death 1856.
Morris, Francis Orpen, 1810-1893.
	Anglican clergyman and naturalist. M seems never to have been mentioned by CD.
	This good field naturalist was stridently anti-evolution, in a series of pamphlets:
1869	The difficulties of darwinism, London.
[1870]	A double dilemma in darwinism, London.
1875	All the articles of the Darwin faith, London.
1880	The Darwin craze, London.
[1890]	The cui bono of hereditism, London.
[1890]	The demands of darwinism on credulity, London.
Morse, Edward Sylvester, 1838-1925.
	American zoologist and Japanophile.
1873?	CD to M on supposed relation of brachiopods to annelids—Proc. Boston. Nat. Hist. Soc., 15; Proc. Amer. Soc. Adv. Sci., 19:272, 1870; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6:267, 1870—MLi 350.
1877	CD to M, on his Presidential Address to American Association for the Advancement of Science, on the advance of evolutionary work in USA, published in Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 25, 1876—LLiii 233.
1880-	Director Peabody Museum Salem.

[page] 209

Moscheles, Ignaz, 1794-1870.
	Czech pianist. Taught ED the piano. ED misspelt "Maschelas".
Moseley, Henry Nottidge, 1844-1891.
	Zoologist.
1872-1876	Naturalist on Challenger.
1877	FRS.
1879	CD to M, about M's book Notes of a naturalist on the "Challenger", London 1879, which is dedicated to CD.
1881-	Prof. Zoology and Comparative Anatomy Oxford.
Mosley, Frances, ?-1874.
	Daughter of John Peploe M. Known as "Fanny Frank". "Blonde and beautiful and frivolous"—W&W p. 217.
1832	Married Francis Wedgwood.
	A sociable woman who was bored and lonely in Staffordshire. Later in life drank wine to calm her nerves. Very fat and neurotic in middle age.
1874	Died from setting her nightdress on fire in an hotel in Guernsey.
Mosley, Rev. John Peploe
	Rector of Rolleston, Staffordshire. Father of Frances M.
Motley, John Lathrop, 1814-1877.
	American historian. EB.
1840's	CD met M at Lord Stanhope's house.
1856	Author of History of the Dutch Republic.
Mould
1838	"On the formation of mould", Proc. Geol. Soc., 2:574-576 (Bi 49, F1648).
1840	"On the formation of mould", Trans. Geol. Soc., 5:505-509 (F1655).
1844	"On the origin of mould", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 14:218 (Bi 195, F1665).
1869	"The formation of mould by worms", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 20:500 (Bi195, F1745).
1881	The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms, see Vegetable mould and worms.
Mount, The, Parish of St Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire.
	Home of Dr Robert Waring D [II].
circa 1800	Built by him. Late Georgian, red brick, 5 bays and 2½ storeys, quite plain, deep Tuscan porch. Lower wings of different length and height, that on the left of four bays, one-storeyed with windows in blank arches—Pevsner, Buildings of England, Shropshire, 289, 1958. South face looks down Frankwell which comes up from Welsh bridge. North face looks down steeply over the river Severn. Photographs of south face and view from terrace of north face in Keith, Darwin revalued, 46, 1955.
1809	CD was born there.
until 1866	After CD's father's death, Susan Elizabeth D lived there until her death 1866.
1869	CD visited, then owned by Spencer Phillips—LLi 11.
Mountford, Horace
	Sculptor.
?1909	M carved statue of CD in stone, seated, outside old school Shrewsbury, now public library, also a plaster cast for it. The usual photograph of the school statue is by W. W. Naunton.
1905	There is also a bust.
1909	And a statuette copy in bronze of which copies were available for sale in 1909.
	M also made a medallion in bronze.
"Movements of Leaves"
1881	"The movements of leaves", Nature, Lond., 23:603-604, observations on a ms letter from Fritz Müller (Bii 228, F1794).
"Movements of Plants"
1881	"Movements of plants", Nature, Lond., 23:409, observations on a ms letter from Fritz Müller (Bii 224, F1791). See also Power of movement in plants.

[page] 210

Mowatt, Jane
	Daughter of Francis Mowatt.
1865	Married Vernon Lushington.
Moxon, Walter, 1836-1886.
	Physician of Guy's Hospital.
1882	Apr. 19 M was sent for to Down House, but CD was dying when he arrived. M was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Müller, Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von, 1825-1896.
	Botanist of German origin.
1852-1896	Government Botanist of Victoria, Australia.
1861	FRS.
1861	M answered CD's Queries about expression.
1871	Baron of Würtenberg.
1879	KCMG.
Müller, Friedrich Max, 1823-1900.
	German philologist living in England. Privy Councillor. Curator of Bodley's Library. Friendly correspondent with CD—LLii 390, MLii 45. DNB.
1868-	Corpus Prof. Comparative Philology Oxford.
Müller, Fritz, see Johann Friederich Theodor M.
Müller, Heinrich Ludwig Hermann, 1829-1883.
	Botanist. Younger brother of Fritz M.
1855-	Science teacher at Lippstadt.
1872	CD sent M ms of "On the flight paths of male humble bees", which was translated by E. Krause as "Über die Wege der Hummel-Männchen", Gesammelte kleinere Schriften von Charles Darwin, 1885-1886.
1873	Author of Die Befruchtung der Blumen, Leipzig.
1883	Die Befruchtung der Blumen translated by D'A. W. Thompson, The fertilisation of flowers, 1883, with prefatory note by CD (F1432).
1872	Anwendung der Darwinischen Lehre auf Bienen, Berlin.
1873	CD to M, saying that he is reading the German edition slowly—LLiii 281.
1950	The fertilisation of flowers, foreign edition: Russian, CD's preface only, 1950 (F1434).
Müller, Johann Friederich Theodor, 1822-1897.
	Elder brother of Hermann M. Known as and writing as "Fritz". German schoolmaster in Brazil and naturalist. CD and M never met, but "of all his unseen friends Fritz Müller was the one for whom he had the strongest regard"—LLiii 37. "Uninterrupted friendship and scientific comradeship"—MLii 344. "He had for Müller a stronger personal regard than that which bound him to his other unseen friends"—Francis D, Ann. Bot., 13:xiii, 1899. CD to Hermann M, "One of the most able naturalists living". Photograph MLii 344. Biography MLi 382.
	Married with at least one daughter, Rosa who observed circumnutation in Linum usitatissimum—MLii 345.
1852-	Teacher of mathematics at Gymnasium, Blumenau, S. Catherina.
1864, 1869	M was author of Für Darwin, Leipzig, translated by W. S. Dallas, at CD's expense on commission, 1869, Facts and arguments for Darwin, London. It contains one of the earliest statements of the recapitulation theory and Haeckel took the theory from here without acknowledgement. It also contains a joke classification of the Crustacea. CD thought so highly of it that he got Murray to have the copies cased in the same binding style as Origin eds. 1-3, and later casings as edition 5—LLiii 86, MLii 92.
1865-1881	Many letters, to and from M, first 1865 Aug. 10, last 1881 Dec. 19—MLii 370.
1874-1881	CD wrote introductory notes to six short papers by M in Nature London.
1880	M was nearly drowned in a flood of the Hajahy river. CD to Hermann M, offering financial help to replace books etc. (£100), but not needed—LLiii 242, MLii 363, 369.

[page] 211

Müller, Max
1881	Visited Down House.
Muñiz, Francisco Javier, 1795-1871.
	Of Luxan, Argentina. Physician and politician.
1845	M had discussed Niata cattle, the pug-faced breed, with CD—J. Researches, 145.
1845	CD to Owen on bones of Machairodus sp. which M offered for sale and which British Museum bought—FUL 101.
1845	M described it as Muñi-Felis bonarensis in Le Gaceta Mercantil, Oct. 9.
Murchison, Sir Roderick Impey, Bart, 1792-1871.
	Geologist and geographer. CD knew M fairly well during London period, calling him Don Roderick.. "He was very far from possessing a philosophical mind", "The degree to which he valued rank was ludicrous"—Barlow, Autobiography 102. Biography: A. Geikie 1875. EB DNB.
1826	FRS.
1839	The Silurian system, London. Page 352 refers to CD collecting shell fragments from drift at Little Madeley, Staffordshire, and near Shrewsbury, between the town and village of Moele-Brace.
1846	Kt.
1855	Director General Royal School of Mines London.
1858	CD to M, about British Museum enquiry—MLi 109.
1863	KCB.
1866	1st Bart.
Murray, Andrew, 1812-1878.
	Advocate and naturalist. DNB.
1860	M was anti-Origin, paper in Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb., 4:274-291.
1860	CD to Lyell, "the entomologist and dabbler in Botany"—Carroll 191.
1867	CD to Hooker, CD had bought a second-hand copy of M's The geographical distribution of mammals, 1866, "It is clear to me that the man cannot reason", "He seems to me conceited"—MLii 3.
1876	CD to Wallace, "utter want of all scientific judgement"—MLii 12.
1877	CD to Dyer, "What astonishing nonsense Mr. Andrew Murray has been writing about leaves and carbonic acid"—MLii 412.
Murray, Charles Fairfax, 1849-1919.
	Artist.
1887	ED sat for him for portrait, pastel in wicker-work chair at Down House.
Murray, John [I], second of the name, 1808-1892.
	Publisher of 50 Albemarle St, London. CD's main publisher.
1845	M bought copyright of the 2nd edition of J. Researches, for inclusion in his Home and Colonial Library, for £150.
1859	CD and M were on personal terms from the first publication of Origin, 1859.
	M published 1st and subsequent editions of ten of CD's books, as well as:
1875	2nd edition of Climbing plants.
1879	E. Krause, Erasmus Darwin, with introductory essay by CD.
1869	F. Müller, Facts and arguments for Darwin.
1887	F. Darwin, editor, Life and letters, 3 vols.
1903	F. Darwin and A. C. Seward, editors, More letters, 2 vols.
1915	H. E. Litchfield, editor, Emma Darwin, 2 vols, 1st published edition.
1882	M was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.

[page] 212

Murray, Sir John [II], 1841-1914.
	Marine biologist. EB DNB.
1872-1876	Chief Naturalist on Challenger expedition.
1881	CD to A. Agassiz, on M's firm views on origin of coral reefs, in which CD was right and M wrong—LLiii 183, MLii 197.
1882-1896	Editor of Challenger expedition Reports.
1896	FRS.
1898	KCB.
Musters, Charles, 1817-1832.
	Fourth son of John M of Coldwick Hall, Nottinghamshire, and Mary Anne Chaworth, Lord Byron's Mary. R. N. Hamond and his brother Anthony married two of his sisters.
	Volunteer 1st Class Royal Navy, on 2nd voyage of Beagle.
1831	Sep. 11-14 M sailed with CD and Fitz-Roy from London to Plymouth.
1832	May M died of fever at Rio de Janeiro.
My apology, see p. 107.

[page 213]

N

Nägeli, Carl Wilhelm von, 1817-1891.
	CD to N, "many of your criticisms are the best which I have met with"—LLiii 50.
1857-	Prof. Botany Munich.
1865	Entstehung und Begriff der Naturhistorischen Art, which was given as a lecture, Mar. 28, to Königlich-Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Munich
1866	CD to N, praising Entstehung...—LLiii 49.
Nancy
	CD's nurse at Shrewsbury. CD sent greetings to her in Beagle letters to his sisters—LLi 254.
Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle
1836	An earlier and brief narrative by Fitz-Roy is in J. R. Geogr. Soc., 6:311-343.
1839	3 vols and appendix to Vol. 2, edited by Robert Fitz-Roy. Vol. 1 is narrative of 1st voyage, 1826-1830, under Captain P. P. King; Vol. 2 is narrative of 2nd voyage, 1831-1835, under Fitz-Roy, with tables of data in the appendix; Vol. 3, entitled Journal and remarks, is by CD and is 1st issue of Journal of researches, which was issued separately at the same time (F10).
1972	Facsimile (F166).
	The whole work has never been translated.
Nash, Louisa Ann
	Wife of Wallis N q.v.
circa 1875	N drew fine head and shoulders of CD in brushed india ink. It has never been reproduced and is still in the N family.
1910	N gave reminiscences of CD in Overland monthly, San Francisco, 404-408.
Nash, Wallis, 1837-1926.
	Lawyer, later one of the founding fathers of the State of Oregon. Married Louisa Ann N q.v. One of his four sons named L. Darwin Nash. See K. G. V. Smith and R. E. Dimick, J. Soc. Biblphy Nat. Hist., 78-82, 1976.
1873-?1880	N took George Wood's house, The Rookery, at Downe and became friendly with the Ds.
1919	A lawyer's life on two continents, Boston, has reminiscences of CD, 130-138.
Natural History Collections
1858	Public natural history collections. Copy of a memorial addressed to the Right Honourable the Chancellor of the Exchequer, [?London], signed by CD and eight others (F371). Reprinted in Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 48:861 (F372).

[page] 214

Natural History Review
1860	Founded 1860 largely by Huxley.
1860	CD to Huxley, warning him not waste his energies editing a review, but to get on with original work; a warning which Huxley did not heed—MLi 157.
Natural Selection
1859	Phrase first used in title of Origin. Ch. 3 "I have called this principle, by which each slight variation, if useful, is preserved, by the term Natural Selection".
1860	"Natural selection", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 16:362-363 (Bii 32, F1705). In this paper CD recognizes Patrick Matthew's claim to priority in the idea, but not the expression.
1860	CD to Lyell, "I doubt whether I use the term Natural Selection more as a Person, than writers use Attraction of Gravity as governing the movements of Planets &c but I suppose I could have avoided the ambiguity"—Carroll 198.
1873	"Natural selection", Spectator, 46:76 (Bii 169, F1758).
1880	"Sir Wyville Thomson and natural selection", Nature, Lond., 23:32 (Bii 223, F1789).
Naturalist on the River Amazons
1863	By H. W. Bates, unsigned review of in Nat. Hist. Rev., 3:385-389, is attributed to CD in Dent's Everyman edition 1910 and later printings, also in British Museum, Catalogue of printed books. It is not considered to be by CD—Burkhardt. See "Amazon valley fauna".
Naturforschende Gesellschaft zu Halle
1879	CD Member.
Naudin, Charles Victor, 1815-1899.
	French botanist.
1861	N is referred to in Historical sketch in Origin. CD says that he is unable to follow his arguments in Rév. Horticole, 1852—LLii 246, MLi 187.
1861	CD to Gray, N writes to say that he is going to publish on peloric flowers in Pelargonium—Darwin-Gray 84.
1864	CD to N, about N's work on Cucurbitaceae.
1868	Variation refers to N's work.
1880	CD to Romanes, "Naudin, who is often quoted, I have much less confidence in", about plant hybrids—Life of Romanes 102.
Neale, Edward Vansittart, 1810-1892.
	Co-operative reformer.
1861	Paper in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., for 1861:1-11.
1861	CD to Hooker, "a Mr. Neale has read a paper before the Zoological Society on 'Typical Selection'; what it means I know not"—LLii 359.
"Nectar-secreting organs of plants"
1855	"Nectar-secreting organs of plants", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 29:487 (Bi 258, F1684).
Negro living in Edinburgh, see John Edmonston.
Nelson, Richard John, 1803-1877.
	Soldier and geologist. Major-General Royal Engineers. DNB.
1854	CD to Owen, CD had corresponded with on coral formations in Bermuda—N&R 50.

[page] 215

Netley Abbey, Hampshire.
1846	Sep. 14 CD visited on day trip from British Association meeting at Southampton.
Neumayr, Melchior, 1845-1890.
	Palaeontologist. Prof. Palaeontology Vienna. N was an enthusiastic darwinian.
1877	CD to N, on inheritance of acquired characters and on his work with Carl Maria Paul, "Die Congierenund Paludinenschichten Slavoniens und deren Faunen", Abhandl. K.-K. Geol. Reichs-Anstalt, 7, Heft, 3, 1875—LLiii 232.
1878	CD to Judd, praising N's work and with brief biography—MLi 375.
Nevill, Lady Dorothy Frances, see Walpole.
Nevill, Reginald Henry, ?-1878.
	Of Dangstein, Rogate, Hampshire.
1848	Married Lady Dorothy Frances Walpole.
New Forest, Hampshire.
1847	Jul. CD and family visited on return from holiday at Swanage.
New York Academy of Sciences
1879	CD Honorary Member.
New Zealand
	For CD's later scientific contacts see Tee 1978.
1835	Dec. 21-30 Beagle at Bay of Islands, North Island. CD landed and was entertained especially by missionaries.
	Dec. 30 Beagle left for Sydney, "I believe we were all glad to leave New Zealand. It is not a pleasant place"—J. Researches 1845, 430.
1836	Fitz-Roy, "An Englishman may now walk alone...where, ten years ago, such an attempt would have been a rash braving of the club and the oven"—J. R. Geogr. Soc., 6:334.
1836	"A letter, containing remarks on the moral state of Tahiti, New Zealand &c", S. Afr. Christian Recorder, 2:231-238 (Bi 19, F1640), by CD and Fitz-Roy, CD's contribution bears the suffix "D". This was CD's first publication except for beetle records in Stephens.
1843-1845	Fitz-Roy was Governor-General.
New Zealand Institute
1872	CD Honorary Member.
Newnham Courtney, Oxfordshire.
1847	Jun. CD visited on day trip from British Association meeting at Oxford.
Newnham Grange
	Now part of Darwin College q.v.
1885	House in Silver St, Cambridge, named by Sir George Howard D when he bought it in Mar. 1885. The house was just known as Newnham when George D bought it, but he changed it because the district from the Silver St bridge to Barton Rd was known as Newnham.
Newington, Samuel, 1815-1883.
	Physician and botanist, of Hawkhurst, Sussex. N was joint proprietor of Ticehurst Private Asylum for Insane and Nervous Patients.
Newport, George, 1803-1854.
	Surgeon and insect anatomist. CD writes of watching this brilliant anatomist dissect a humble bee "getting out the nervous system with a few cuts of a fine pair of scissors". CD does not state where or when—LLi 110. DNB.
1846	FRS.

[page] 216

Newton, Alfred, 1829-1907.
	Ornithologist. First Prof. Zoology Cambridge. Biography: Wollaston 1921. DNB.
1858	N was pro-evolution after reading Darwin-Wallace paper.
1860	Tristram to N, "The infallibility of the God Darwin and his prophet Huxley".
1865	CD refused to write a testimonial for N for the Cambridge Chair on the grounds that N knew only about birds—N&R 45.
1870	FRS.
1870	Feb. 9 N spent Sunday at Down House—LLiii 79.
1870	May 23 CD visited N at Cambridge Museum.
1881	CD and ED took tea with N at Cambridge.
1882	N was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Nichols
1851	Retired postman at Downe, aged 87 in 1851—Atkins 103.
"Nigger"
	ED's nickname for CD—Keith, Darwin revalued 275.
Nilsson, Sven, 1787-1883.
	Swedish naturalist and anthropologist of Lund.
1868	N provided CD with information about growth of reindeer antlers—Descent i 288, S. Lindroth, Lychnos, 1948:144-158.
Nixon, Mr
1834	Sep. 13 CD stayed four days at Yaquil near Nancagua at a gold mine owned by N, an American. A German collector of insects etc. called Renous was also staying—Diary pp. 296-8—Keynes p. 236.
Noel, Edward, 1825-1899.
	Magistrate and Deputy Lieutenant of Derbyshire.
1849	Married Sarah Gay Forbes D, of Elston Hall.
Noel, Sarah Gay Forbes, see Darwin.
Norgate, Francis
	Ornithologist. Of Sparham, Norfolk.
1881	Mar. N to CD, about dispersal of fresh-water bivalve molluscs by water beetles, Nature, Lond., 25:529-530, 1882.
Norman, Ebenezer
	For many years copyist for the press of CD's mss.
from 1854	Village schoolmaster at Downe.
1857	CD to Hooker, "I am employing a laboriously careful schoolmaster"—MLi 99.
1858	CD to Hooker, "I can get the Down schoolmaster to do it [i.e. transcribe] on my return"—LLii 128.
Norman, George Warde, 1793-1882.
	Writer on finance. Resident at Bromley Common near Downe.
1860	CD to Hooker, "My clever neighbour, Mr. Norman, says the article [Edinb. Rev., on Origin] is so badly written, with no definite object, that no one will read it"—LLii 304.
1874	CD on increase of numbers of starlings "Mr. Norman a well-known man in Kent".
1876	CD to N, thanking for condolences on death of Amy Richenda D—Carroll 497.
1881	Romanes to his sister, recounts an episode about CD and N's liking for snuff—Life of Romanes 129.
1882	N was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.

[page] 217

North, Marianne, 1830-1890.
1881	Jul. 16 N visited Down House.
1882	N was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
1892	Author of Recollections of a happy life.
Northcote, Lady (Cecilia Frances), see Farrer.
Norton, Andrews
	Father of Charles Eliot N. Prof. Theology Harvard.
Norton, Charles Eliot, 1827-1908.
	Son of Andrews N. Prof. Italian Harvard. Married Theodora Sedgwick.
1868	Summer, N spent four months staying at Keston Rectory near Downe.
1876	CD to Gray, two detachments of Nortons had visited Down House, "I then verified a grand generalisation, which I once propounded to you, that all persons from the U States are perfectly charming"—Darwin-Gray 94.
Norton, Sara
	Daughter of Charles Eliot N, niece of Sara Sedgwick.
1884	N visited ED at The Grove, Cambridge.
Norton, Theodora, see Sedgwick.
Norwegian
1889	First edition in: Life and letters (F1528).
Notebooks on transmutation of species, see Darwin's notebooks etc.

[page 218]

O

Oakley, Mr
	"A joiner with red hair". O provided at least one fossil bone. Probably the same man who had collected for Sir Woodbine Parish—Buenos Aires, London 175-177, 1839.
1833	CD met at Monte Video.
Ogilby, William, 1808-1873.
	Irish barrister who studied Stonesfield slate.
Ogle, William, 1827-1905.
	Physician and naturalist. Superintendent of Statistics to the Registrar General. CDL.
1865	CD advised O on experiments on fertilisation of flowers—LLiii 277.
1868	O to CD on Hippocrates's views on pangenesis—LLiii 82.
1878	O translated A. Kerner Flowers and their unbidden guests, London.
n.d.	CD to O, CD had called on him in London, invites him to lunch—Carroll 460.
n.d.	O visited Down House—Nineteenth Century, 106:118-123, 1929.
1882	O sent CD his translation of Aristotle on the parts of animals.
1882	O was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Oldfield, Henry Ambrose
1856	CD to O on breeds of dogs—Carroll 128.
1880	Author of Sketches of Nepal, London.
Olinda, see Pernambuco.
Oliver, Daniel, 1830-1916.
	Botanist. On staff at Kew. O provided material for CD's botanical work and was a long-standing and important correspondent.
?1860	CD to Hooker, "Remember me kindly to Oliver. He must be astonished at not getting a string of questions"—LLiii 299.
1861-1888	Prof. Botany University College London.
1861	CD to Hooker, "How capitally Oliver has done the résumé of botanical books. Good heavens how he must have read"—LLii 358.
1862	CD to Hooker, "the all-knowing Oliver"—MLii 290.
1862	CD to Hooker, "Oliver the omniscient"—LLiii 307.
1863	FRS.
"Omori shell mounds"
	Omori is in Japan.
1880	[Letter] "The Omori shell mounds", Nature, Lond., 21:561, introducing one from E. S. Morse, ibid., 561-562 (Bii 222, F1788).

[page] 219

Onibury, near Ludlow, Shropshire.
	Family home of the Langtons. Charles Langton was vicar here.
1837	ED stayed there.
Orange Court
	A house in Downe. Mr Harris owned it, a gentleman farmer.
Orchard, The
1884	A house in Cambridge, built in 1884 by Horace D on part of the Grove field.
Orchids
	Anagraecum sesquipedale, "Comet" or "Star of Bethlehem", is the orchid for which CD predicted an insect with a 30 cm proboscis. Xanthopan morgani praedicta is the Madagascan race of an African sphingid which pollinates the white flowers at night.
1860	CD to Lyell, "I showed the case [of Orchids] to Elizabeth Wedgwood, and her remark was 'Now you have upset your own book, for you won't persuade me that this could be effected by Natural Selection'"—MLi 156.
1869	CD to Gray, "It really seems to me incredibly monstrous to look at an orchid as created as we now see it. Every part reveals modification on modification"—Darwin-Gray 94.
Orchids, Fertilisation of [book]
1861	Sep. 24 CD to John Murray, "I think this little volume will do good to the 'Origin' as it will show that I have worked hard at details"—LLiii 254.
1862	On the various contrivances by which British and foreign orchids are fertilised by insects, and on the good effects of intercrossing, London (F800).
1862	Discussion in reviews of the book included the idea that, if it had appeared before Origin, the author would have been canonized rather than anathematized by the natural theologians. A reviewer in Literary Churchman, Oct. found only one fault, that Mr Darwin's expression of admiration at the contrivances of orchids is too indirect a way of saying "O! Lord, how manifold are thy works". Review by Duke of Argyll, Edinb. Rev., Oct., is in much the same vein.
1877	2nd edition The various contrivances by which orchids are fertilised by insects (F801).
	First foreign editions:
1862	German (F820).
1870	French (F818) (see papers below 1869).
1877	USA (F802).
1883	Italian (F823).
1900	Russian (F825).
1964	Romanian (F824).
"Orchids, Fertilisation of" (papers)
	See also Catasetum and Cypripedium.
1860	"Fertilisation of British orchids by insect agency", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 23:528 (Bii 32, F1706).
1860	"Fertilisation of British orchids by insect agency", Ent. Wkly Intelligencer, 8:93-94, 102-103 (F1707).
1861	"Fertilisation of British orchids by insect agency", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 6:127 (Bii 38, F1710).
1861	"Fertilisation of orchids", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 37:831 (Bii 41, F1712).
1869	"Notes on the fertilisation of orchids", Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 4:141-159 (Bii 138, F1748).
1870, 1877	The last two were inserted in the French translation of the book, 1870, and occur in the 2nd English edition, 1877.

[page] 220

Origin of species (book)
	The text of each of the 1st six editions is much altered. The changes are given in detail in the variorum edition, 1959, listed below. The whole of LLii is devoted to the preparation, publishing and reception of Origin. The best source of reference to reviews is J. P. Anderson in Bettany, Life of Darwin, 1887, xxvi-xxvii. A. Ellegård, Gothenburg Studies in English, 8:1-394, 1958, covers reviews in popular journals in detail.
1859	Nov. 24 On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life, London, John Murray, 1250 copies (F373).
	This is the only one of CD's books for which details of author's presentation copies are available. At least twenty-four, perhaps more than thirty-five, were sent out inscribed by one of Murray's clerks. No copy inscribed by CD himself is known.
	The whereabouts of the following copies is known: Agassiz (Harvard); Butler (St John's College, Cambridge); Dana (Yale); Horner (British Museum (Natural History) ); Herschel (Texas); Innes (University of London); Jenyns (in the family); Lyell (Down House); Owen (Shrewsbury School); Prestwich (University Library, Cambridge); Sedgwick (Trinity College, Cambridge); Wallace (Sir Geoffrey Keynes), Linnean Society of London, Royal Society.
	Copies were sent to the following, but their present whereabouts are unknown: Bunbury, de Candolle, Milne Edwards, Falconer, Fox, Gray, Henslow, Hooker, Huxley, Kingsley, Lubbock, Ramsay.
	Galton's copy, at University College London, is said to be author's presentation, but is not inscribed. CD's own copy is in University Library, Cambridge.
	The print run was 1250 without overs; CD had twelve free copies, five were for copyright and forty-one were sent out for review. If CD bought another twenty-four for presentation, then the number available for purchase was 1167.
Oct. 1	CD's diary entry for Oct. 1 reads "all copies sold first day". It is clear that CD made this entry on or after Nov. 24.
Nov. 24	The story that the book sold out on publication day stems from a letter from CD to Huxley on Nov. 24, "I have heard from Murray today that he sold whole edition of my book the first day and he wants another instantly"—Science, 64:476, 1926.
	These statements have often been construed as meaning that all copies were bought by the public on the first day. What they do mean is that the booksellers took up the whole printing available to them as soon as it was offered by John Murray.
1860	Jan. 5 (a very few copies 1859) 5th thousand [2nd edition] (F375, 376), 3000 copies.
1861	Apr. 3rd edition, 7th thousand, with historical sketch added (F381), 2000 copies.
1862	CD to John Scott, "The majority of the criticisms on the Origin are, in my opinion, not worth the paper they are printed on"—MLii 311.
1866	4th edition, 8th thousand (F385), 1500 copies.
1868	CD to W. D. Fox, "I must prepare a new edition of that everlasting Origin. I am sick and tired of correcting"—Carroll 357.
1869	5th edition, 10th thousand (F387), 2000 copies.
1872	6th edition, 11th thousand (F391), title changes to Origin of species etc., 3000 copies.
1876	6th edition (with additions and corrections), 18th thousand (F401). The final definitive text as CD left it.
1880	Apr. 9 Huxley address to Royal Institution "On the coming of age of The origin of species", printed in Nature, Lond., 22:1-4; Pop. Sci. Monthly, 17:337-344.
1934	English Braille edition (F629).
1959	Variorum edition, Philadelphia, edited by Morse Peckham (F588).
1964	1st edition facsimile (F602).
1969	1st edition facsimile (F614).
First foreign editions:
1860	German (F672), USA (F377).
1862	French (F655).
1864	Dutch (F594[=648]), Italian (F706), Russian (F748).
1869	Swedish (F793).
1872	Danish (F643).
1873	Hungarian (F703), Polish (F739).
1877	Spanish (F770).
1878	Serbian (F766).
1896	Japanese (F718).
1903	Chinese (part) (F634).
?1918	Chinese (whole) (F638).
1914	Czech (F641), Latvian (F736).
1915	Greek (F698).
?1920	Portuguese (F743).
1928	Finnish (F653).
1936	Armenian (F630), Ukrainian (F797).
1946	Bulgarian (F632).
1950	Romanian (F746).
1951	Slovene (F768).
1957	Korean (F732).
1958	Flemish (F654).
1959	Lithuanian (F738).
1960	Hebrew (F700).
1964	Hindi (F702).
1970	Turkish (F796).

[page] 221

"Origin of Species" (papers)
1863	[Letter] "Origin of species", Athenaeum, No. 1854:617 (Bii 81, F1730).
1869	[Letter] "Origin of species [on the reproductive potential of elephants]", Athenaeum, No. 2174:861 (Bii 136, F1746).
1869	Same title, ibid., No. 2177:82 (Bii 137, F1747).
Ornithological Notes, see Darwin's ornithological notes.
Orton, James, 1830-1877.
	Professor Natural History Vassar.
1870	Dedicated his The Andes and the Amazon N.Y. to CD "by permission".
Osborn, Christopher, ?-1860.
	A resident at Downe.
1885	ED helped Mrs O when she was stone deaf and being looked after by another cottager, Alice Carter, who was partially blind—Darwin-Innes 207.
Osmaston Hall, near Derby.
	Home of Samuel Fox.
1828	Sep. CD visited.

[page] 222

Ouless, Walter William, 1848-1933.
	Painter. DNB.
1875	RA.
1875	Feb.-Mar. O painted CD in oils, the earliest portrait in oils. Original in family, copy at Christ's College, Cambridge. O also painted ED. FD "Mr. Ouless's portrait is, in my opinion, the finest representation of my father that has been produced"—LLiii 95. CD "I look a very venerable, acute, melancholy old dog; whether I really look so I do not know". Engraved by Paul Adolphe Rajon.
Overton-on-Dee, Flintshire.
	Home of the Parker family.
1838	Jul. CD visited for a night on return from Glen Roy.
Owen, Arthur Mostyn, 1813-96.
	Second son of W. M. O. [I].
1832-1848	Indian Civil Service.
1876	High Sherriff of Shropshire.
Owen, Charles Mostyn, 1818-1894.
	Fourth son of W. M. O. [I]. Trinity Coll.Oxford. Army Officer. Chief Constable, Oxfordshire.
1845-1847	Kaffir War.
Owen, Edward Mostyn
	Son of William Mostyn O.
1866	Married Susan Parker. 5 children.
Owen, Frances Mostyn
	Second daughter of William Mostyn O [I], sister of Sarah O. CD who called her "poor dear Fanny". Nicknamed "Housemaid" to CD's "Postillion"—Brent and CCD I.
1830	Belle of the ball at Woodhouse—Keith, Darwin revalued, 6.
1832	Married Robert Myddleton Biddulph. 3 sons, 3 daughters: eldest child Frances.
Owen, Henry Mostyn, 1820-1843.
	Youngest son of W. M. O. [I]. Army Officer.
1834	Became a dandified young man—Brent p. 186.
1843	Died in India.
Owen, Sir Richard, 1804-1892.
	Zoologist. The most distinguished vertebrate zoologist and palaeontologist of Victorian England, but a most deceitful and odious man. Biography: Rev. R. Owen (grandson) 1894. DNB.
1834	FRS.
1835	Married daughter of William Clift.
1836-1856	Conservator and Hunterian Prof. Royal College of Surgeons of England.
1836	Oct. 29 CD and O first met at Lyell's house in London.
1838-1840	Part I, Fossil Mammalia, 4 numbers 1838-1840, by Richard Owen.
until 1859	CD was on friendly terms with O until the publication of the Origin; after that, O was probably the only man that CD hated, if he could hate.
1859	Nov. 11 CD to O and O's reply on sending a presentation copy of Origin, both in friendly manner—N&R 76.
1859	Dec. 10 CD to Lyell: "REPEAT NOTHING. Under garb of great civility, he was inclined to be most bitter and sneering against me". "He was quite savage and crimson at me". "A degree of arrogance I never saw approached". "He is the most astounding creature I ever encountered"—Carroll 184.
1859	Dec. 13 CD to O, before O had shown his hand in public, "I should be a dolt not to value your scientific opinion very highly"—FUL 104.
1860	Apr. O reviewed Origin, anonymously, in Edinb. Rev., 487-532.
1860	Apr. CD to Lyell, "It is painful to be hated in the intense degree with which —— hates me"—LLii 300.
1860	May, CD to Hooker, "Owen is indeed very spiteful". "The Londoners say that he is mad with envy because my book has been talked about; what a strange man to be envious of a naturalist like myself, immeasurably his inferior"—MLi 149.
1860	Jun. CD to Gray, "No one fact tells so strongly against Owen...that he has never reared one pupil or follower"—MLi 153.
1863	The editors discuss CD's relationship with O and instance his conduct in relation of Falconer's fossil elephants—MLi 226.
1863	CD to Hooker, "There is an Italian edition of the Origin preparing...Owen will not be right in telling Longmans that the book would be utterly forgotten in ten years. Hurrah!"—MLii 338.
1863	CD to Lyell, "He ought to be ostracised by every naturalist in England"—Carroll 287.
1867	CD to Trimen, about O's review in Edinb. Rev. "The internal evidence made me almost sure that only Owen could have written it: but when I taxed him with the authorship and he absolutely denied it—then I was quite certain". Trimen told the story to Poulton—Quart. Rev, 1909:4-6.
1868	CD to Hooker, "Owen pitches into me and Lyell in grand style in the last chapter of Vol. 3 of Anat. of Vertebrates. He is a cool hand. He puts words from me in inverted commas and alters them"—MLii 377.
1881	First Director of British Museum (Natural History).
1884	KCB.
1887	"Mrs Carlyle said that Owen's sweetness reminded her of sugar of lead"—Huxley to Tyndall, Huxley's Life ii:167, MLi 309.
1887	When Life and letters was published in 1887 O was alive and very little was printed on the matter. More letters, 1903, contains a lot, and more recent publications have added to it.
1897	Huxley to Flower, "Gladstone, Samuel [Wilberforce] of Oxford, and Owen belong to a very curious type of humanity, with many excellent and even great qualities and one fatal defect—utter untrustworthiness"—Life of Huxley iii:274.

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Owen, Sarah Harriet Mostyn
	Eldest daughter of William Mostyn O [I]. Sister of Frances O. O was a strong personal friend of CD's before Beagle voyage.
1831	Married 1 Edward Hosier Williams.
	CD to Catherine D at Maldonado "one of the kindest (letters) I ever received. I was very sorry to hear...that she has lost so much of the Owen constitution: I am very sure that with it none of the Owen goodness has gone"—CD and Beagle p. 85.
1856	Married 2 Thomas Chandler Haliburton.
1872	CD to O, "for old times sake", sending photograph and copy of Expression—LLiii 173.
1880	CD to O, "My dear Sarah, see how audaciously I begin". "I have always loved and shall ever love this name". O had reminded him of his old ambition about Eddowe's Newspaper q.v. They had met at Erasmus Alvey D's house in London—LLiii 334.

[page] 224

Owen, William Mostyn [I]
	Squire of Woodhouse, Rednal, Shropshire, 13 miles northwest of Shrewsbury. Father of Major O, Frances O and Sarah O. Had been in Royal Dragoons.
	Married Harriet Elizabeth Gordon-Cumming. 5 sons, 5 daughters: 1. William Mostyn O [II] q.v.; second son Arthur Mostyn O q.v.; third son Francis Mostyn O, 1815-?; fourth son Charles Mostyn O q.v.; fifth son Henry Mostyn O q.v.: first daughter Sarah Harriet Mostyn O q.v.; second daughter Frances Mostyn O q.v.; third daughter Caroline O, ?-1897; fourth daughter Sobieski Mostyn O, ?-1890; fifth daughter Emma Mostyn O, ?-1890.
1820s	CD used to shoot on his estate in the 1820s.
Owen, William Mostyn [II], 1806-1868.
	Eldest son of W. M. O. [I]. Unmarried. Major, Royal Dragoons. Of Woodhouse, Shropshire.
1820s	Then Captain, shooting companion of CD who records in Autobiography how O helped to play a trick on him, preventing CD from knowing how many birds he had shot—LLi 43.
1865, 1881	1865 and again in 1881 CD's accounts show interest on a mortgage to Major O (?the same man)—Atkins 96.
1882	O was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
"Oxalis bowei"
1866	"Oxalis bowei", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 32:756 (Bii 132, F1736).
Oxford, Oxfordshire.
1847	Jun. 22-30 CD visited for British Association meeting.
1860	British Association meeting q.v. CD was not present.
Oxford University
1870	CD declined Hon.D.C.L. on grounds of ill-health—Oxford Univ. Gaz., Jun. 17—LLiii 126. It was offered at the instigation of the Marquis of Salisbury on his installation as Chancellor. His list was opposed by Hebdomadal Council.
1909	Feb. 12 The University celebrated the centenary of CD's birth. William, Erasmus [III], George, Francis and Leonard D were present. Main speeches were by George and Francis D and by Poulton—Poulton, Darwin and the Origin, 78-83, 1909.

[page 225]

P

"P", "The Venerable", see Parslow.
Packard, Alpheus Spring, 1839-1905.
	American entomologist.
1872	CD to Gray, saying that he had invited P to Down House, but he may not have got letter—Darwin-Gray 84.
Paget, Sir James, Bart, 1814-1889.
	Surgeon. St Bartholomew's Hospital. EB DNB.
1871	CD to W. Turner, "he is so charming a man", and notes that he had been seriously ill of a post-mortem infection—MLii 106.
1871	FRS.
1872	1st Bart.
1872	P gave CD information for Expression.
1875	P probably agreed to Litchfield's draft sketch for a vivisection bill—LLiii 204.
1875	CD thanked P for sending his Clinical lectures and essays, London—Carroll 467.
1880	CD to Hooker, on P's work on growth in plants and on galls—MLii 425.
1881	CD met P at breakfast party for International Medical Congress in London.
1882	P was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Paget, Stephen, 1855-1926.
	Surgeon and author. Fourth son of Sir James P. Surgeon Middlesex Hospital. WWH.
1882	P was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Paihia, Bay of Islands, N.Z.
1835	CD spent Christmas Day there at house of W. Colenso.
Paine, or Payne
	Sir Thomas Farrer's gardener, trained at Kew. P helped CD on Mimosa.
?1873	CD to Farrer, "As he is so acute a man, I should very much like to hear his opinion" on water damage to leaves—LLiii 340.
Paley, William, 1743-1805.
	Theologian. DD. Traditionally CD and P had the same set at Christ's College. "The logic of this book [Evidences of christianity] and as I may add of his Natural Theology gave me as much delight as did Euclid". "I did not at this time trouble myself about Paley's premises"—Barlow, Autobiography 59. DNB.
1763	Senior Wrangler, Cambridge.
1782	Archdeacon of Carlisle.
1802	Author of Natural theology, London, which is largely a crib from John Ray's Wisdom of God, London 1691.
"Pampas woodpecker"
1870	"Notes on the habits of the pampas woodpecker (Colaptes campestris)", Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., No. 47:705-706 (Bii 161, F1750). The last sentence in this paper reads "I should be loath to think that there are many naturalists who, without any evidence, would accuse a fellow-worker of telling a deliberate falsehood to prove his theory". This refers to remarks by W. H. Hudson in the previous number of Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.
1872	In 6th edition of Origin, CD writes "in certain large districts it does not climb trees"—LLiii 153.

[page] 226

"Pampean formation"
1863	"On the thickness of the Pampean formation near Buenos Aires", Quart. J. geol. Soc. (Proc.), 19:68-71 (Bii 74, F1724).
Pander, Christian Heinrich, 1794-1865.
	Russian embryologist and palaeontologist.
1861	CD attributed P's ideas to d'Alton in a footnote to the historical sketch in 3rd edition of Origin.
Pangenesis
	See also Charles Darwin's manuscript of Pangenesis.
1860	Jul. Elizabeth Barrett Browning's poem first published, "What was he doing the great god Pan, Down in the reeds by the river".
1867	CD to Gray, sending clean sheets of Variation, "What I call Pangenesis will be called a mad dream...I think it contains a great truth"—Darwin-Gray 58.
1868	The term was coined by CD and first appears in print in Variation. He thought that the idea was new although it was not.
1868	CD to Hooker, "You will think me very self-sufficient, when I declare that I feel sure if Pangenesis is now stillborn it will, thank God, at some future time reappear, begotten by some other father, and christened by some other name"—LLiii 78.
1868	CD to Wallace, "It is a relief to have some feasible explanation of the various facts, which can be given up as soon as any better hypothesis is found". "I had given up the great god Pan as a stillborn deity"—LLiii 80.
1868	CD to Lyell, "An untried hypothesis is always dangerous ground"—Carroll 349.
1869	CD to Hooker, "You will be surely haunted on your deathbed for not honouring the great god Pan"—MLi 303.
1871	"Pangenesis", Nature, Lond., 3:502-503, a letter criticising a paper by Francis Galton, Proc. Roy. Soc., 19:393-410 (Bii 165, F1751).
1880	CD to Paget, "To anyone believing in my pangenesis (if such a man exists)"—MLii 427.
Panteague
2nd half 18C	Home of Elizabeth Hensleigh in second half of 18th century.
"Papilionaceous Flowers"
1858	"On the agency of bees in the fertilisation of papilionaceous flowers, and on the crossing of kidney beans", Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 2:459-465, Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 46:828-829 (Bii 19, F1701).
"Parallel Roads of Glen Roy"
1839	"Observations on the parallel roads of Glen Roy, and of other parts of Lochaber in Scotland, with an attempt to prove that they are of marine origin", Phil. Trans., 129:39-81, two plates, (Bi 89, F1653). CD's only contribution to Phil. Trans. For CD's later opinions of this paper see Glen Roy.

[page] 227

Parfitt, Edward, 1820-1893.
	Botanist. DNB.
1860	CD to Stainton, mentions P as a correspondent about orchids—FUL 107.
Paris
1827	Spring, CD visited with his uncle Josiah Wedgwood [II], his only visit to continental Europe.
Parish, Sir Woodbine, 1796-1882.
	Diplomat and geologist.
1824	FRS.
1825-1832	Consul General Buenos Aires. CD knew him later in London—Red notebook p. 106.
1837	Knight Commander of the Guelphic Order of Hanover.
Park Street, London.
1845-1852	No. 7 home of Erasmus Alvey D.
Parker
1837	P forwarded to CD a chart of Diego Garcia, Indian Ocean, which related to Coral reefs, see 3rd edition, 1889, 90-95—Darwin-Henslow 130.
Parker, The Misses
	Two illegitimate daughters of Erasmus Darwin [I], ?by a Miss Parker. CD's aunts.
1790s	Erasmus D set up a school for them at Ashbourne, Derbyshire, in the 1790s. His A plan for the conduct of female education in boarding schools, London 1797, Dublin 1798, Cincinnati 1798, relates.
Parker, Cecile, see Longueville.
Parker, Rev. Charles, 1831-?
	Fourth son of Henry Parker [I]. Unmarried. CD's nephew.
1884	Living in Shrewsbury.
Parker, Francis, 1829-1871.
	Third child of Henry Parker [I]. CD's nephew.
1860	Married Cecile Longueville. 3 sons.
Parker, Henry [I], 1788-1856.
	Physician and surgeon. CD's brother-in-law. Overton-on-Dee, Flint.
1824	Married Marianne Darwin. 4 sons, 1 daughter: 1. Robert, 2. Henry [II], 3. Francis, 4. Charles, 5. Mary Susan.
1856-1866	After P's death, the grown-up family was adopted by Catherine D and lived at The Mount until her death in 1866.
Parker, Henry [II], 1827-1892.
	Second child of Henry Parker [I]. Unmarried. CD's nephew. Classical Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford.
1862	P reviewed Orchids in Sat. Rev.
1862	Dec. 29 P visited Down House—LLiii 274.
Parker, Mary Susan, 1836-1893.
	Fifth child of Henry Parker [I]. CD's niece.
1866	Married Edward Mostyn Owen of Woodhouse.
Parker, Marianne, see Darwin.
Parker, Robert, 1825-?
	First child of Henry Parker [I]. CD's nephew. Story about his idleness—Barlow, Autobiography 33.
Parkfield, Staffordshire.
1803	A cottage adjoining the Maer Hall estate which Joe Wedgwood bought for his mother and two sisters.
until 1815	Home of Mrs Josiah Wedgwood [I] until her death in 1815.
1823	Home of Sarah Elizabeth W [I] and her sister Catherine. When the latter died in 1823, Sarah Elizabeth W went to Camphill.
1847	Sold with the estate.

[page] 228

Parle, North Wales.
1826	Oct. 30 CD visited on a riding tour with his sister Caroline Sarah D.
Parr
	An old miserly squire of Lyth near Shrewsbury.
Parry
	A leading merchant at Montevideo.
1833	CD Diary pp. 82-3, 119. RF to CD. Parry's wife dies. Son, Robert, sent to England to school, daughters sent to Buenos Aires—Keynes p. 72.
Parslow, Mrs, ?-1881.
	Married to J. P. Mrs P was ED's personal maid before marriage. Later she ran a dressmaking school.
Parslow, Joseph, 1809/1810-1898 Oct. 4.
	Hooker described him as "an integral part of the family, and felt to be such by all visitors to the house"—LLi 318. Known by the family as "the venerable P" after "the aged Parslow" in Dickens' Great expectations. Interview in D. S. Jordan, The days of a man, i:273-274, New York 1922. Gravestone Downe churchyard: 1881 Jul. 17 aet. 86, wife died aet. 69. "The faithful Psi servant and friend of Charles Darwin".
	The Parslows had one son who "married comfortably"—Darwin-Innes 251.
circa 1840	Manservant at 12 Upper Gower St.
1841-1842	Wages £25 per annum all found.
by 1871	P was living out, at Home Cottage, Back Lane, Downe.
until 1875	Butler at Down House.
1881	Wages £60.
1882	P was at CD's funeral, walking in procession with Jackson, behind the family mourners, then seated in Jerusalem Chamber.
after 1882	After CD's death P had a pension of £50 per annum and the rent of his house.
1885	P went to unveiling of CD statue at British Museum (Natural History).
1893	"The little Parslows came to tea", presumably grandchildren.
Parson, Arthur
	Of Haslemere, Surrey.
1880	Married Mabel Frances Wedgwood s.p.
Parsons, Theophilus, 1797-1882.
	Barrister. Prof. Law Harvard and Swedenborgian. EB.
1860	P wrote on Origin in Silliman's J.—LLii 331.
Pasteur, Louis, 1822-1882. EB.
	French chemist and bacteriologist.
1863	CD to Bentham, "I was struck with infinite admiration at his work"—LLiii 25.
1869	Foreign Member RS.
Patrick, Mrs Camilla, see Ludwig.
Patten, John Wilson, Baron Winmarleigh, 1802-1892.
	Politician. DNB.
1832-1874	Conservative MP.
1874	1st Baron.
1875	P was member of Vivisection Commission to which CD gave evidence—LLiii 201.
Pattle, Julia Margaret, 1815-1879.
	Photographer. Sister of Mrs Prinsep and Lady Somers. Married Charles Hay Cameron. DNB.
1868	CD with ED, Erasmus Alvey D and Horace D, visited C at Freshwater, Isle of Wight. C photographed CD, EAD and HD, but not ED. "She came to see us off and loaded us with presents of photographs, and Erasmus called after her 'Mrs Cameron, there are six people in this house all in love with you'"—LLiii 102. CD "I like this photograph very much better than any other which has been taken of me"—LLiii 92. There are two versions:
a:	Profile facing right, which has often been reproduced.
b:	Half-face facing left, which does not seem to have ever been reproduced. Authentic originals bear Mrs Cameron's signature and Colnaghi's blind authentication stamp.
Pattrick, Francis, 1837-1896.
	Classical scholar. Identification uncertain.
1876-1896	Magdalene College Cambridge, President.
1882	P was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Pawson, Iris Veronica, 1889-1982 .
	Daughter of Albert Henry P. Married Ralph Lewis Wedgwood.
Payne, Mr, see Paine.
Paz, La
	FR says 15 tons burthen "ugly and ill built craft", "soaked with rancid seal oil".
1832	Sep. 11 Schooner hired from James Harris for eight lunar months by Fitz-Roy from James Harris, resident at Rio Negro, Argentine, with schooner La Liebre. Commanded by Lieut. B. J. Sulivan under Lieut. J. C. Wickham. Surveyed southeast coast of Argentine.

[page] 229

Peacock, George, 1791-1858.
	Anglican clergyman and astronomer. P wrote to Henslow about post of naturalist on Beagle, suggesting Jenyns and then suggesting CD. DNB.
1818	FRS.
1836-1858	Lowndean Prof. Astronomy Cambridge.
1839-1858	Dean of Ely.
Peacocke, Mr
1837	P was present at interview of CD by Rice about £1000 grant for publishing Zoology of Beagle—Darwin-Henslow 134.
Pearce, Mr
	Manservant to Erasmus Alvey D.
1882	P was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Pearson, Mr
	Resident at Downe.
1875	P was elected a trustee of Downe Friendly Club—Darwin-Innes 242.
Pearson, Edward Hesketh, 1887-1964.
	Actor and biographer. Erasmus D, S. Galton and James Keir were his great-great-grandfathers.
1930	Doctor Darwin, a biography of Erasmus D [I].
"Peas"
1862	"Peas", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 45:1052 (Bii 70, F1719).
Pellegrini, Carlo, 1839-1889.
	Caricaturist. DNB.
from 1869	P signed most of his work "Ape" from 1869.
1871	Caricature of CD called "Natural selection", "Men of the Day", No. 33, Vanity Fair, Sep. 10, not signed "Ape". It occurred for commercial sale in two sizes 31 cm and 18 cm, the former better coloured.
Pember, Katherine, 1901-.
	Daughter of F. W. P. CD's granddaughter-in-law.
1925	Married Sir Charles Galton Darwin.
Penally, near Tenby, South Wales.
1846	Home of CD's aunts Frances Allen and her sister Mdme [Jessie] Simonde de Sismondi.
Pengelly, William, 1812-1894.
	Geologist. Explorer of Devon caves. DNB.
1861	Jul. CD met at Torquay—LLii 376.
1863	FRS.
Pennethorne, Dean Parker, 1835-1894.
	Barrister of Lincoln's Inn and School Inspector. WWH.
1860	CD to P, acknowledging letter on descent of man—Carroll 350.
Pepper
	A dog belonging to George Howard D which bit gardeners. P was taken over by William Erasmus D but bit gardener again; then to Sir Leslie Stephen in London, where it bit children; finally to Archbishop A. C. Tait at Addington Palace, Surrey—Atkins 80.
"Perception"
1873	[Letter] "Perception in the lower animals", Nature, Lond., 7:360 (Bii 171, F1759), supporting a letter from Wallace, ibid., 7:303, Zoologist, 8:3488-3489.
Period Piece
1952	Period piece: a Cambridge childhood, London, by Gwendolen Mary Raverat (née Darwin). The most important source of information on CD's children in their adult day-to-day lives, and on ED in old age, written as through the eyes of G. M. R. as a child. A most interesting and amusing book.

[page] 230

Pernambuco, Brazil.
1836	Aug. 6-19 Beagle at. CD visited old city of Olinda and studied the sandstone bar off the harbour; now called Recife.
1841	See "Bar of sandstone off Pernambuco", Phil. Mag., 19:257-260 (Bi 139, F1659).
Perristone, or Perrystone, near Ross, Herefordshire.
	Home of William Clifford, family friend of Wedgwood.
1824-1848	Several family letters are addressed from there.
Pertz, Miss Ann, 1856-?
	Daughter of Georg P.
1877	Aug. when visiting Down House, P drew a leaf of Trifolium resupinatum for CD to send to Dyer—MLii 412 (with drawing).
Pertz, Chevalier Georg H.
	Royal Librarian Berlin.
1854	Married Leonora Horner. 1 daughter Ann.
Peters, Wilhelm Carl Hartwig, 1815-1883.
	German palaeontologist.
1878	P seconded CD's election as Corresponding Member of Koenlich-Preussische Akademie Berlin.
Peterson, John, 1787-?
	Quartermaster on 2nd voyage of Beagle. 35 years at sea. Shetlander.
Petley's
	House at Luxted Rd, Downe, north of Down House. The Petley family came to Downe in the 13th century.
1847-1856	Home of Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood [I] until her death. Leased from Sir John Lubbock.
Philippi, Rudolph Amandus, 1808-1904.
	Prof. Natural History Technical High School Cassel.
1851	P sent fossil cirripedes to CD. CD sent P Fossil cirripedes—Lychnos, 1948-1949: 206-210.
Phillips, Mrs
1860	A resident at Downe.
1868	"Old Phillips" would not sell land to Innes to build a vicarage on, ? a farmer. Phillips of Orange Court, perhaps the son, would not either. Orange Court seems to have been owned by a Mr Harris—Darwin-Innes 205, 227.
Phillips, George Lort, ?-1866.
	Of Laurenny Park.
1840	Married Isabella Georgina Allen.
Phillips, Isabella Georgina, see Allen.
Phillips, John, 1800-1874.
	Geologist.
1834	FRS.
1854-1870	Keeper of Ashmolean Museum Oxford.
?1856	CD to P on foliation and offers copies of three vols of geology of Beagle—Carroll 122.
1858	P to CD, to tell him of award of Wollaston Medal of Geological Society.
1859	CD sent 1st edition of Origin to—Sollas, The age of the earth, 251-253, 1905, J. M. Edmonds, Proc. Ashmol. Nat. Hist. Soc., for 1948-1950, 25-29, 1951.
1859	P to CD, "the only true definition of a species, any form which has ever had a specific name"—MLi 127.
1860	P gave Rede lectures at Cambridge, anti-Origin, but very fair. Life on earth, Cambridge 1860, contains substance of Rede lectures, CD wrote that they were "unreadably dull"—LLii 358.
1869	P sent CD his Vesuvius, Oxford 1869—Carroll 360.
1870	CD to Herschel, recommending that P be asked to revise 4th edition of Manual of scientific enquiry, 1871, which he did—Carroll 384.
Phillips, Mary, 1822-1869.
1840	Married as first wife Darwin Galton.

[page] 231

Philoperisteron Club
1855	A pigeon-fancy club of which CD was a member—LLii 51. See also Columbarian.
"Philos"
Philosophical Club of Royal Society
	A dining club of forty-seven members. It met on Thursdays at 6pm and chair quitted at 8.15pm for members to attend meetings of the Society.
1847	Founded.
1854	CD elected.
1855	Dec. 20 CD attended.
1864	CD resigned.
"Phisty", see Mephistopheles.
Physiological Society
1876	Founded, partly as a result of the anti-vivisection movement.
1876	Jun. 1 CD elected the first, and at that time the only, Honorary Member—MLii 436.
Piano
1839	ED was given a piano from Broadwoods by her father, shortly after her marriage. It had belonged to Rev. Thomas Stevens, who had married Caroline Tollet.
1929	It was bought for Down House, for £20, from the Positivist Society—Atkins 116.
Pictet de la Rive, François Jules, 1809-1872.
	Swiss zoologist.
1835-1859	Prof. Zoology Geneva.
1860	P was courteously anti-Origin, review in Arch. Sci. Bibliothèque Universelle, Mar.—LLii 184.
Pigeons
	The races of domestic pigeon, Columba livia, are extensively drawn on in Variation and CD kept stocks himself as well as getting material from other breeders. CD was a member of the Columbarian and Philoperisteron Societies qq.v.
1855	CD to Hooker, "I love them to that extent that I cannot bear to kill and skeletonize them"—MLi 87.
1859	CD to Huxley, offering drawings of pigeons from his portfolio—MLi 130.
Piggot, Gwendoline Mary
	Eldest daughter of Rev. E. V. P. of Trentham.
1902	Married Francis Hamilton Wedgwood.
"Pinguicula"
1874	["Irritability of Pinguicula"], Gardeners' Chronicle, 2:15 (Bii 187, F1767).
Pinker, Henry Richard Hope-, 1850-1927.
	Sculptor. Statue in University Museum Oxford is by P, model for it at Down House.
Pistyll Rhaeadr, Denbigh, Wales.
	Waterfall.
1820	Jul. CD and Erasmus Alvey D went on a riding tour from P.

[page] 232

[Pitt-Rivers], Alice Augusta Laurentia Lane Fox, see Fox, A. A. L. L.
Pitt-Rivers, Augustus Henry Lane Fox, see Fox, A. H. L.
Plas Edwards, near Towyn, Merioneth.
1819	Jul. CD went on family holiday there for 3 weeks.
Playfair, Sir Lyon, Baron, 1818-1898.
	Chemist and administrator. DNB.
1845	Chemist to Geological Survey and Prof. School of Mines London.
1848	FRS.
1868-1892	MP.
1876	P visited Down House whilst staying at High Elms in company of Huxley, Morley and Gladstone.
1883	KCB.
1892	1st Baron.
Plinian Society of Edinburgh
1823-circa 1848	1823 A student society founded by R. Jameson, ended circa 1848.
1826	R. E. Grant Secretary.
1826-1827	Nov. 28 CD elected. He attended eighteen out of a possible nineteen meetings up until 1827 Apr. 3.
1827	Mar. 27 CD made a communication to it, not "at beginning of the year 1826" as stated in Autobiography 39. Title was: 1 That the ova of Flustra possess organs of locomotion. 2 That the small black globular body hitherto mistaken for the young of Fucus loreus is in reality the ovum of Pontobdella muricata. CD was wrong in both these assertions; the "ova of Flustra" were pilidium larvae, and the "ovum of Pontobdella" was an egg case full of eggs. Barrett 1977 ii:285 gives a full transcript of CD's original notes, now at Cambridge.
1873	Title of communication first printed in W. Elliot, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb., 11:1-42, p. 17 footnote (F1764); also in Nature, Lond., 9:38. See also 1888 Edinburgh weekly Dispatch, May 22; J. H. Ashworth, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb., 55:97-113; 1949, P. H. Jesperson, Lychnos, 159-167.
Plymouth, see Devonport.
Pole, Elizabeth Chandos, see Collier.
Polish
	First editions in:
1873	Origin of species (F739).
1873	Expression of the emotions (F1203).
1874	Descent of man (F1101).
1888-1889	Variation under domestication (F922).
1891	Autobiography (F1529).
1964	Cross and self fertilisation (F1270).
Pollock, Sir Frederick, Bart, 1845-1937.
	Jurist. DNB.
1882	Jan. 8 P came to Down House on a "Sunday tramp".
1902	3rd Bart FBA.
Pollock, George Frederick, 1821-1915.
	Master of the King's Bench and King's Remembrancer.
1858	Read ms of Origin for John Murray and advised printing of 1,000 copies, not 500 as Murray had suggested—E. S. P. Haynes 1916 Aug. Cornhill Mag. 41 p. 233—Leonard D p. 57.
Polly
	A white rough-haired female fox terrier, which belonged to Henrietta Emma D.
1870	ED to H. E. D. description of behaviour after her litter of puppies had been removed and illustration of Haeckelian joke phylogeny—EDii 198.
1871	Attached herself to CD when H. E. D. married.
1882	P was put down shortly after CD's death and buried under the Kentish beauty apple tree in the orchard.
1927	A stuffed replica was placed in the reconstructed old study by Buckston Browne, curled up in her basket. It soon got moth and was thrown out—Atkins 115.

[page] 233

Pomare IV, 1827-1877.
	Queen of Tahiti. "Pomare" was a lineal name, real name "Aimatta", meaning eye-eater. She signed herself "Pomare Vahine", "vahine" meaning "woman"—Keynes p. 321..
1835	Nov. 25 P was entertained on board Beagle. "A large awkward woman without any beauty, grace or dignity"—J. Researches, 1845, 416.
Pontobdella muricata
	Marine leech.
1827	R. E. Grant Edinb. J. Sci. 7 pp. 160-2, acknowledges CD "my zealous young friend Mr Charles Darwin of Shrewsbury". ? first appearance in print. Precedeny of Sir John Dalyell.
Poole, Dorset.
1847	Jul. CD visited on way home from family holiday at Swanage.
Port, Georgina Mary Ann, ?-1849.
	Mrs Waddington, mother of Frances, Baroness de Bunsen. Grand-niece of Mrs Delany. Mme D'Arbley described her as "the beautiful Miss Port". P was a friend of the Allens, especially of Lancelot Baugh A—EDi 48. IJ.
1817	Mrs Josiah Wedgwood to her sister Emma Allen "the inconceivable Mrs Waddington"—EDi 110.
Port Darwin, East Falkland Island.
	Named after CD.
1834	Mar. 17 CD crossed the isthmus near it.
Port Desire, see Deseado.
Port Famine, Patagonia.
	On Magellan Straits, south of Punta Arenas.
1834	Feb. 2-11, Jun. 1-8 Beagle there.
Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia.
1836	Jan. 12 Beagle arrived and anchored in Sydney Cove.
Port Louis, Berkeley Sound, East Falkland Island.
1833	Mar. 1-Apr. 6 Beagle at or near.
1834	Mar. 10-Apr. 7 Beagle at or near.
Port Louis, Mauritius.
1836	Apr. 29-May 9 Beagle at. CD made several short excursions.
Porter, George Richardson, 1792-1852.
	Statistician. DNB.
1834-	Secretary to the Board of Trade.
1849	CD went to British Association meeting at Birmingham with P—LLi 378.
Porter, J. L.
	Science and revelation; their distinctive provinces. With review of the theories of Tyndall, Huxley, Darwin, and Herbert Spencer. 33 pp, Belfast, William Mullen.
Portmore, Earl of, see Colyear.
Porto Praya, Santo Jago, Cape Verde Islands.
1832	Jan. 17-Feb. 8 Beagle at and CD landed.
1836	Aug. 31-Sep. 5 Beagle visited again.
Portobello, Edinburgh.
1826	CD wrote a paper Zoological walk to Portobello, unpublished, perhaps intended for Plinian Society—CUL Darwin Papers Box 5—Colp 1979 N.Y. State J. Med., Dec. 21 p. 36.
Portsmouth, Hampshire.
1846	Sep. 12 CD visited on way to Isle of Wight on day trip from British Association meeting at Southampton.
1858	CD stopped at on way to family holiday in Isle of Wight.
Portsmouth, Earl of, Newton Fellowes.
Portuguese
	First editions in:
1904	"Bar of sandstone off Pernambuco" (F268).
1910-1912	Descent of man (F1104).
?192-	Origin of species (F743).
Pouchet, Felix Archimede, 1800-1872.
	French biologist.
1868	CD quotes in translation "variation under domestication throws no light on the natural modification of species". A review of Variation in Athenaeum, Feb. 15 refers.

[page] 234

Poulton, Sir Edward Bagnall, 1856-1943.
	Entomologist. Specialist on mimicry in butterflies and author of many papers on evolution. DNB. See also G. W. Sleeper.
1935	Kt.
1889	FRS.
1893-1933	Hope Prof. Zoology (Entomology) Oxford.
1908	Essays on evolution, Oxford.
1909	Charles Darwin and the Origin of species, London.
Pour le Mérite
1867	CD awarded this Prussian Order.
Powell, Rev. Baden, 1796-1860.
	Mathematician. Father of Lord Baden Powell, Chief Scout. Correspondent of CD and important critic of evolution. DNB.
1824	FRS.
1827-1860	Savilian Prof. Geometry Oxford.
1855	Essays on the spirit of inductive philosophy, London, is referred to in Historical sketch in 3rd edition of Origin, 1861.
1861	Article by P pro-natural selection in Essays and reviews, London; quotation from, 138-139—MLi 174.
Powell, Rev. Henry, 1869-1871.
	P was Curate at Downe, known as "Mr Punch"—Darwin-Innes 230.
Power of Movement in Plants
	See also "The movements of leaves" and "Movements of Plants".
1880	The power of movement in plants, London, two-line errata slip p. x, assisted by Francis D (F1325).
1880	2nd thousand, errata corrected (F1326).
1882	3rd thousand, preface slightly altered (F1328).
1966	Facsimile of 1st edition (F1339).
1969	Facsimile of 2nd thousand (F1340).
	First foreign editions:
1881	German (F1343), USA (F1327).
1882	Russian (F1349).
1884	Italian (F1347).
1970	Romanian (F1348).
Prehistoric Europe
1881	James Geikie, Prehistoric Europe, a geological sketch, London (F1351), extracts from two letters from CD 141-142. Published late in 1880, although dated 1881.
Prestwich, Sir Joseph, 1812-1896.
	Geologist and wine merchant. DNB.
1853	FRS.
1859	CD sent 1st edition Origin to.
1859	CD to Lyell, "I wish there was any chance of Prestwich being shaken; but I fear he is too much of a catastrophist"—Carroll 181.
1874-1888	Prof. Geology Oxford.
1896	Kt.
Prévost, Adèle, 1803-1881.
1828	Married Edward Simcoe Drewe.
Preyer, Thierry William, (USA) 1841-1897.
	(William Thierry BL.) Physiologist and child psychologist.
1862	P wrote dissertation on great auk, Alca impennis, along darwinian lines, almost the earliest piece of special work based on Origin—LLiii 16.
1868	Mar. 31 CD to P, that he is glad to hear that P is pro-Origin—LLiii 88.
1869-1888	Prof. Physiology Jena.
1879	Feb. P compiled a list of darwinian papers in Gratulationsheft number of Kosmos for CD's 70th birthday.

[page] 235

Price, James
circa 1882-	Butler at Down House.
1891	ED "Parslow wants me to raise Price's wages again"—Atkins 74.
Price, John 1803-1887.
	Son of James Botanist. P sent CD Utricularia from Cheshire for Insectivorous plants. P, priest of Pwllcrochan, Denbigh. Welsh scholar, naturalist and teacher. At Shrewsbury School with Erasmus Alvey D.
1826	BA Cambridge.
1826-1827	Master at Shrewsbury; private tutor at Chester—Brent p. 28.
1874	CD to P, thanking for sending Utricularia—Carroll 445, who identifies P as Bartholomew, 1818-1898.
Price, Mrs Sara
	Robert D's housekeeper—Brent p. 18.
Price, Thomas
	Outdoor man at Down House. Known as "The Dormouse". Said to be a deserter from the army. Drank too much beer. Unmarried. Died young—FD Springtime p. 57, Bernard D p. 14.
Prichard, James Cowles, 1786-1848.
	Physician and ethnologist. Physician to Bristol Infirmary. DNB.
1813, 1826	Some hesitant ideas about evolution in Physical history of mankind, 2nd edition, 1826.
1827	FRS.
1844	CD to Hooker—LLii 29, MLi 43 refer.
1897, 1908	Poulton, Sci. Progress, 1, Apr. 1897, and Essays on evolution, 1908, 173-192, stresses importance of 2nd edition.
Primula
1862	"On the two forms, or dimorphic condition, in the species of Primula, and on their remarkable sexual relations", J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.), 6:77-96 (Bii 45, F1717).
	French translation of this paper with CD's "On Catasetum" and "On Linum" Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., 19:204-295 (F1723).
1868	"On the specific differences between Primula veris, Brit. Fl. (var. officinalis of Linn.), P. vulgaris Brit. Fl. (var. acaulis, Linn.) and P. elatior Jacq.; and on the hybrid nature of the common oxslip. With supplementary remarks on naturally produced hybrids in the genus Verbascum", J. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.), 10:437-454 (F1744).
1874	"Flowers of the primrose destroyed by birds", Nature, Lond., 9:482, 10:24-25 (Bii 183, 184, F1770, 1771).
Pringsheim, Nathanael, 1823-1894.
	German botanist.
1878	P seconded CD's election to Koenlich-Preussische Akademie as Corresponding Member—LLiii 224.
Pritchard, Rev. Charles, 1808-1893.
	Astronomer and educationalist. All CD's [surviving] sons, except William Erasmus D, went to this school, but only George and Francis were taught by P. DNB.
1834-1862	Founder and Headmaster of Clapham Grammar School.
1840	FRS.
1870	Savilian Prof. Astronomy Oxford.
Pritchard, George
	Missionary at Papiete, Tahiti.
1835	Nov. CD met and attended his church on Nov. 22.
1837-1844	British Consul in Tahiti.
1844-1857	In Samoa.
Proctor, George, ?-1858.
	Cambridge friend of CD.
1831	Christ's College BA.
1834	Jul. 20 CD to Catherine D re—CD and Beagle pp. 100-4—Keynes p. 218.
1846-1858	Vicar of Stroud, Gloucestershire.
Prothero, Sir George Walter, 1848-1922.
	Historian. Cambridge friend of CD's sons. DNB.
1872-1896	Fellow of King's College Cambridge.
1882	P was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
1903	P drew Francis D's attention to Baden Powell's article in favour of natural selection in Essays and reviews, 1861, 138-139; quotation from it—MLi 174.
1920	KBE FBA.

[page] 236

Pryor, Marlborough Robert, 1848-1920.
	Fellow of Trinity College Cambridge. Man of business. Cambridge friend of CD's sons.
?1871	CD to P giving views on Mivart—Sotheby 1983 Mar. 28. item 143.
1882	P was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Public natural history collections
1858	Public natural history collections. Copy of a memorial addressed to the Right Honourable the Chancellor of the Exchequer [Benjamin Disraeli], no place, no publisher; signed by CD and eight others (F371).
Pucklands, Great and Little
	Two fields to west of Down House, 19½ acres together. Great Pucklands was known as "Stoney field" by the Ds.
1931	Bought by Buckston Browne. Royal College of Surgeons research station built on Little P. B gave £100,000, of which £83,000 was invested after purchase and building.
Pugh, Miss
1856-1857	Governess at Down House for about a year. Replaced Miss Thorley.
	P later went mad and was in an asylum, paid for by Sir John Hawkshaw whose children she had taught. CD paid £30 a year for her to have a holiday.
1866	ED visited P—EDii 185.
1885	P was alive in 1885.
"Pumilio argyrolepis"
1861	"Notes on the achenia of Pumilio argyrolepis [an orchid]", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 1:4-5 (Bii 36, F1709).
Pulleine, Robert, 1806-1868.
	Cambridge friend of CD.
1845-1868	Rector of Kirkby-Wiske, Wensleydale, where Fox visited him.
"Punch, Mr"
	Nickname for Henry Powell.
Punta Alta
	CD found fossils here.
Puy, see Du Puy.
Pyt House, Wiltshire.
1866	Home of Charles Langton.

[page 237]

Q

Quatrefages de Bréau, Jean Louis Armand de, 1810-1892.
	French naturalist.
1859	CD sent 1st edition Origin to Q.
1867	CD to Q, about French translation of Origin—MLi 201.
1868	CD to Stainton, CD had written to Q about silkmoths—FUL 109.
1869	Q to CD, opposes CD on evolution, but hopes that their differences of opinion will never alter their good relationship—Carroll 368, 379, 382.
1870	Charles Darwin et ses précurseurs Français: étude sur la transformisme, Paris.
1879	Foreign Member RS.
Queen Anne Street, Cavendish Square, London.
1859	No. 14. Miss G. Tollet there in Apr.
	No. 31 Hensleigh Wedgwood's house.
1852-	No. 57, later No. 6, house of CD's brother Erasmus Alvey D.
Queries about expression
	These queries were distributed by CD, probably originally in mss to people in contact with primitive races, to discover what expressions were used in different circumstances. See also 1972 Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), hist. Ser., 4:205-219: 1975 J. Soc. Biblphy Nat. Hist., 7:259-263.
	They were printed as follows:
1.	1867 [No copy known], title probably Queries about expression for anthropological enquiry, Cambridge or Boston, Mass., printed for Asa Gray before Mar. 26, fifty copies (F871); this was the first edition anywhere, see No. 4.
2.	1867 "Signs of emotion among the Chinese", Notes and Records for China and Japan, 1:105, Aug. 31, anonymous, submitted by Robert Swinhoe from mss received from CD (F872).
3.	1867 Queries about expression, single sheet, [?London], printed for CD late in the year (F873). No. 3 is printed in all editions of Expression, 1873-, in which the answers are analysed.
4.	1868 "Queries about expression for anthropological enquiry", Rep. Smithson. Instn, for 1867; [324], text perhaps that of No. 1 and perhaps printed from a copy (F874).
Query to Army Surgeons
1862	CD circulated a questionnaire to army surgeons about health of troops in the tropics. No copy known (F799), but text is printed in Descent, i:244-245.

[page] 238

Questions about the Breeding of Animals
	See also J. Soc. Biblphy Nat. Hist., 5220-225, 1969.
[1839]	8 pp, [London], probably late Apr., certainly before May 5 (F262).
[1840]	Facsimile 1968, wrongly dated (F263).
Questions for Mr Wynne
	An earlier set of questions in mss about the breeding of animals. Transcribed by Paul H. Barrett in Howard E. Gruber, Darwin on man, 423-425, 1974 (F1582).
Quiz
	A dog belonging to John Innes.
1862	Jan. taken over by Down House.
1862	May Q was shot for biting.

[page 239]

R

Rade, Emil
	Of Münster.
1877	R sent CD a photographic album of 154 German scientists for his 68th birthday. R originated the idea. The album is finely bound and title page decorated by A. Fitger who also contributed a dedicatory poem.
1877	Feb. 16 CD thanks R and writes to Haeckel on the subject—LLiii 225-226.
"Rain"
1863	"Yellow rain", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 28:675 (Bii 81, F1727).
Rain, Miss
1927	Headmistress of an unsuccessful girls school at Down House for a brief period. The British Association bought out the remainder of her lease.
Rájon, Paul Adolph, 1842/1843-1888.
1875	R engraved on copper the Ouless portrait of CD.
Raleigh, Sir Walter, 1861-1922.
	English scholar. DNB.
1881	Oct. CD and ED took tea with R in Cambridge.
1911	Kt.
Ralfs, John, 1807-1890.
	Surgeon and botanist. R lived at Penzance, Cornwall, and sent CD Pinguicula for Insectivorous plants from there. DNB.
Ramsay, Sir Andrew Crombie, 1814-1891.
	Geologist. Biography: A. Geikie 1895. DNB.
1846	CD to Lyell, R was in favour of sudden elevations. CD scoffs—MLii 120.
circa 1850	R visited Down House for weekend—Carroll 69.
1856	CD "talking with Ramsay about subsidence and the origin of continents and oceans"—LLii 77.
1859	CD sent R copy of 1st edition of Origin.
1859	CD to Lyell, "I infer from a letter from Huxley that Ramsay is a convert"—MLi 137.
1862	FRS.
1871-	Director General Geological Survey.
1881	Kt.
Ramsay, Marmaduke, 1799-1831.
	Fifth son of Sir Alexander R, brother of Sir Andrew R. Cambridge friend of CD and tutor at Jesus. R intended to go on a projected trip to Canaries with CD when he died.
Ramsgate, Kent.
1850	Oct. 18 CD visited for the day from Hartfield, Sussex.
Ransome, George
	Agricultural instrument maker of Ipswich.
1849 or 1850	R commissioned set of 60 Ipswich Museum portraits for British Association meeting there in 1851. CD to R, happy to promote R's project and subscribes £1 towards portrait of "the Bishop". There are two bishops in the set, both of Norwich, Edward Stanley, died Sep. 1849, and Samuel Hinds, appointed Oct. 1849—Carroll 81.
1850	R gave CD a set which includes CD by T. H. Maguire.

[page] 240

"Ras"
	Family nickname for Erasmus Alvey D; also for Erasmus D [III].
"Rats"
1879	[Letter] "Rats and water casks", Nature, Lond., 19:481 (Bii 218, F1785), supporting a letter from Arthur Nichols, ibid., 19:433.
Rattan, Volney, 1814-1915.
	Californian schoolmaster and botanist. Letters with CD on germination of Echinocystis—1881 Movement in plants p. 82.
Raverat, Gwendolen Mary, see Darwin.
Raverat, Jacques, ?-1925.
	Belgian. Artist.
1911	Married Gwendolen Mary Darwin. At least 2 daughters.
Raverat, Sophie
	Daughter of Gwen and Jacques.
1980	Mrs Gurney, formerly Pryor.
Ray Club, see Cambridge Ray Club.
Ray Society
1844	Instituted, for the publication of biological monographs.
1851, 1854	Published CD's Monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia, two vols.
1856	CD to Hooker, "I profited so enormously by its publishing my Cirripedia, that I cannot quite agree with you on confining it to translations"—MLi 94.
Rayleigh, Baron, see Strutt.
Reade, Thomas Mellard, 1832-1909.
	Geologist.
1881	R wrote to CD about the success of Worms—LLiii 217.
1881	CD to Hooker, about R's views on permanence of continents—LLiii 247.
Reade, William Winwood, 1838-1875.
	Traveller and controversialist. CD sent Queries about expression to—Carroll 371.
?1869	R gave CD information on Africa for Expression.
1872	The martyrdom of man, London.
Real Accademia dei Lincei
1875	CD Foreign Member.
Reale Accademia della Scienze, Turin.
1879	CD received their Bressa Prize of 12,000 francs.
Recife, see Pernambuco.
Recollections of my mind and character, see "Autobiography".
Reed, Rev. George Varenne, 1816-1886.
	Anglican clergyman. R was tutor to George, Francis, Leonard and Horace D before they went to Clapham Grammar School.
1854-1886	Rector of Hayes, Kent.
1859	R gave CD a cutting of "carrion-smelling Arum"—J. R. Moore, Notes and Records Roy. Soc., 32:51-70, 1977.
1882	R was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Reeve, Mrs
1849	CD travelled by coach to British Association meeting at Birmingham with—LLi 378.

[page] 241

Reeves
	The family ran the blacksmith's forge at Downe, grandfather, father and, in 1951, son. ?Successors to "Old M" q.v.
Regent Street, London.
1833	No. 24 home of Erasmus Alvey D.
Reinwald, Charles Ferdinand, 1812-?
1873 on	Publishers of Paris; published 1st French editions of eleven of CD's books, as well as editions of Origin from 1873 onwards, also Life and letters, 1888.
Rejlander, Oscar Gustave
	Professional photographer of London.
circa 1870	R photographed CD.
1882	Steel engraving of R's photograph by C. H. Jeens is frontispiece to Charles Darwin: memorial notices, London, which had appeared in Nature, Lond., Jun. 4, 1874.
"Religious Views
"1871	"Letter from Mr. Darwin [on religious views]", Index, 2:404 (Bii 167, F1753). The letter addressed to Dr F. E. Abbott.
Rendel, Emily, 1840-1921.
	Daughter of James Meadows R, FRS.
1866	Married Clement Wedgwood.
Renous, Mr
	German collector of insects etc.
1834	Sep. 13 CD met at Yaquil, near Nancagua, house of Mr Nixon, an American who owned a gold mine there—Diary pp. 245-8—Keynes p. 236.
Reviews
1887	The best list of reviews of CD's works is that of J. P. Anderson, 1887 q.v.
1958	A. Ellegård 1958, surveys reviews in the press, in relation to popular rather than scientific opinion, in great detail with full reference. The largest collection of reviews published is on Darwin Online.
Reynolds, Caroline
	Aunt of Maud du Puy. Married R. C. Jebb.
"Rhadamanthus Minor"
1863	Nickname for Henrietta Emma D, given by Huxley. "Mr. Huxley used to laugh at for the severity of her criticisms"—MLi 238. R son of Zeus and Europa, one of the judges of the underworld.
Rhea
	The correct name for Rhea darwini is Pterocnemia pennata.
1837	["Notes on Rhea americana and Rhea darwini"], Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., Part V, No. 51:35-36, follows John Gould's original description of R. darwini (Bi 38, F1643).
Rhinoceros Tree, see Elephant tree.
Rhodes, Francis, later Darwin, 1825-1920.
1849	Married Charlotte Maria Cooper D.
1850	R inherited Elston under will of his brother-in-law, Robert Alvey D, and changed his name.
1882	R was present at CD's funeral as head of the senior branch of D family.
Rice, Thomas Spring [I], 1790-1866.
	Statesman. DNB.
1835-1839	Chancellor of the Exchequer.
1837	Aug. R authorized £1000 grant for publishing scientific results of Beagle voyage.
1839	1st Baron Monteagle of Brandon.
Rice, Thomas Spring [II], 1849-1926.
	Cambridge friend of CD's sons. Irish resident landlord, of Foynes, Co. Limerick. WWH.
1882	R was on "Family Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
1909	3rd Baron Monteagle.
Rich, Anthony, ?1803-1891.
	Chapel Croft, Heene, Worthing, Sussex. Honorary Fellow of Caius College, Cambridge.
1878	Dec. R made a will leaving nearly all his property to CD, on death of himself, then 74, and his sister; at that time it included some property in Cornhill, London, with income above £1000.
1879, 1881	1879 May 6 and 1881 Sep. 8 CD visited R at Worthing.
1882	CD to R about success of Worms.
1882	After CD's death R left his estate to the children, except house and contents which went to Huxley who immediately sold it. Final value of estate about £3000. R was no relation and the gift was in recognition of CD's contribution to science.

[page] 242

Rich, Claudius James, 1786-1821.
	Orientalist. East India Company resident at Baghdad.
1807	Married Mary Mackintosh s.p.
1821	Oct. 4 died at Shiraz of cholera.
Rich, Mary, see Mackintosh.
Richardson, Sir Benjamin Ward, 1828-1896.
	Physician. DNB.
1867	FRS.
1876	CD to Romanes, R's letter to Nature is capital. "Experimentation on animals for the advancement of practical medicine", Nature, Lond., 14:148-152.
1893	Kt.
Richmond, George, 1809-1896.
	Artist. RA. Especially portrait painter in water colour.
1839	Mar. water colour by R, unsigned, of CD, painted in London, note on back says 1840 Mar. Pencil sketch for this found in Botany School Cambridge 1929.
1839	Water colour of ED—EDii 31, 33 refer.
Richmond, Sir William Blake, 1842-1921.
	Son of George R. Artist. DNB.
1879 Jun.	CD sat for him in LL.D. robes, exhibited RA 1881. £400 subscribed by members of Cambridge Philosophical Society, in whose rooms it now is.
1881	CD and ED went to see it in the Society's Library, "the red picture, and I thought it quite horrid, so fierce and so dirty"—EDii 248. Francis D "according to my own view, neither the attitude nor the expression are characteristic of my father"—LLiii 222.
1895	RA.
1897	KCB.
Richter, Hans, 1843-1914.
	Hungarian pianist and conductor.
1881	May, R visited Down House—LLiii 223. R wrote of his visit in Neue Tagblatt, Wien, republished in O. Zacharias, Charles R. Darwin, Berlin 1882.
Ridge, The
	House at Hartfield, near Tunbridge Wells, Sussex, on border of Ashdown Forest. Quarter of a mile from Hartfield Grove, home of Charles Langton.
1849-1868	Home of Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood [II].
Ridgemount
	House at Bassett, North Stoneham, Southampton, Hampshire.
1862-1892	Home of William Erasmus D.
Ridley, C.
1878	CD to R, about Dr E. B. Pusey and evolution, a stern letter "Dr. Pusey's attack will be as powerless to retard by a day the belief in evolution"—LLiii 235.

[page] 243

Riley, Charles Valentine, 1843-1895.
	Entomologist.
1868	State Entomologist to Missouri.
1871	CD to R, "our Parliament would think any man mad who should propose to appoint a State Entomologist"—MLii 385.
1875	CD to Weismann, R supports Weir's views on caterpillars—MLi 357.
1878-1894	Entomologist to US Department of Agriculture.
Ring
	?A villager at Downe—Darwin-Innes 212.
?1862	R's wife ill.
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
1832	Apr. 4 Beagle arrived at.
	Apr. 8-23 CD travelled inland.
	Jul. 5 Beagle left.
Rio Negro [I], Patagonia, Argentina.
1833	Aug. 11 Beagle at. CD travelled from there overland, about 850 km, to Buenos Aires, arriving Sep. 20.
Rio Negro [II], Entre Rios, Uraguay.
1833	Nov. 22-26 CD stayed with Mr Keen at his estancia on rio Beguelo, a tributary, and collected fossils nearby.
Ritchie, Lady, see Anne Isabella Thackeray.
Ritchie, Sir Richmond Thackeray Willoughby, 1854-1912.
	Civil Servant. Married Anne Isabella Thackeray, his father's first cousin. DNB.
1882	R was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
1907	KCB.
Rivers, A. A. L. L. Pitt-, see Fox, A. A. L. L.
Rivers, A. H. L. F. Pitt-, see Fox, A. H. L.
Rivers, Thomas, 1798-1877.
	Nurseryman, of Sawbridgeworth, Hertfordshire. R is repeatedly referred to in Variation. DNB.
?1866	CD to R, on bud variation—MLi 275.
?1866	CD to R, on plant variation in general—LLiii 57.
1874	CD to Newton, R had reported great increase in number of birds in his garden—N&R 47.
Riviere, Briton, 1840-1920.
	Painter. RA.
1870	CD sent copy of J. Researches to R.
Robarts & Co.
	Bankers. CD drew bills on his father's account through R whilst on Beagle voyage.
Roberts
	Sealer. Pilot to Stokes in La Liebre. Friend of James Harris. Lived at Del Carmen on Rio Negro. A very large man who was used to trim the boat "he did harm one day by going up to look out, and breaking the mast"—RF Narrative 2, pp. 120-22; D and Beagle p. 75.
Robertson, George Croom, 1842-1892.
	Philosopher.
1866-	Prof. Mental Philosophy University College London.
1877	Apr. CD sent R his mss Biographical sketch of an infant, as editor of Mind, with explanatory letter—LLiii 234.
1882	Jan. CD to Romanes, indicating that R was involved in helping Grant Allen in his financial difficulties—Carroll 612.
Robinson, Harold
	With his brother Samuel R picture framers and restorers of St John's Wood, London. Worked for Sir George Buckston Browne.
1929	Rs moved into Down House as assistants.
	Harry returned to Wimpole St, to look after B and to Hayes, Middlesex on B's death.
Robinson, John
1868	Curate at Downe, unsatisfactory and walking at night with village girls, among whom was Esther West.
1868	Sep. Esther's mother had forbidden him to visit the cottage. Brent p. 460.
1870	R was Curate at Bearstead, Kent—Darwin-Innes 223, 226.

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Robinson, Samuel, ?-1958.
	With his brother Harold R picture framers and restorers of St John's Wood, London. Worked for Sir George Buckston Browne. Father of Sydney R.
1929	Rs moved into Down House as assistants.
1955-1958	Samuel became custodian of Down House 1955 until death in 1958.
Robinson, Sydney
	Son of Samuel R.
1958-1975	Custodian of Down House from his father's death.
Robinson, Rev. Thomas Romney, 1792-1882.
	Astronomer. Director of Armagh observatory. DNB.
1846	CD met R at British Association meeting, Southampton.
1849	CD met R at British Association meeting, Birmingham, where R was President.
1856	FRS.
"Rock seen on an iceberg"
1839	"Note on a rock seen on an iceberg in 61° South latitude", J. Geogr. Soc., 9:528-529 (Bi 137, F1652).
Rodwell, John Medows, 1808-1900.
	Orientalist. R was nephew of William Kirby, entomologist. Cambridge contemporary of CD. DNB.
1843	Rector of St Ethelburga's, Bishopsgate, London.
1860	R to CD, about Origin. Francis D footnote "My father remembers him saying 'It strikes me that all our knowledge about the structure of our earth is very much like what an old hen would know about a hundred acre field, in a corner of which she is scratching'"—LLii 348.
Rogers, Henry Darwin, 1809-1866.
	Born in USA. Geologist. Prof. Geology Glasgow.
1858	FRS.
1860	CD to Lyell, 'He goes very far with us'—LLii 291.
Rolfe, Robert Monsey, 1790-1868.
	Judge and statesman. DNB.
1850	1st Baron Cranworth.
1852	Lord Chancellor.
1865	R lived at Holwood, near Downe.
Rolle, Friedrich, 1827-1887.
	Palaeontologist and dealer in fossils.
1862, 1863	1863 Darwin's Lehre von der Enstehung der Arten p. iv thanks CD for "briefliche Ausdruck". Parts 4 in 3 dated 1862.
Rolleston, George, 1829-1881.
	Comparative anatomist.
1860-1881	Prof. Anatomy and Physiology Oxford.
1861	CD had heard R speak at Linnean Society.
1862	FRS.
1871	CD to Busk, R had pointed out error about supracondyloid foramen in 1st issue of Descent—Carroll 387.
1875	R to CD, on primitive man—MLii 46.
Romanes, George John, 1848-1894.
	Biologist. R worked at University College London and at Oxford. Biography: Ethel Romanes (wife) 1896. DNB.
	R was the most important of CD's younger biological friends, frequent correspondent and more than once at Down House. Francis D records a conversation with R telling of a discussion with CD about recognition of natural beauty and its relation to natural selection—LLiii 54. Most CD-R letters are at American Philosophical Society and printed in Carroll.
1873 ?1874	Dec. 7 CD would like to meet R and asks to lunch—Carroll 453, 454 (dated ?1874).
1874	CD first met R in London—Life of Romanes 13.
1874	CD to R, 'How glad I am that you are so young'—Life of Romanes 14.
1874	CD introduces R to Hooker—Carroll 456, 457.
1874	R to CD, on disuse of organs—MLi 352.
1877	CD to R, pleased to propose R for Royal Society—Carroll 503.
1877	CD to R, astonished that R has not been elected—Carroll 509.
1878	CD to R, 'Frank says you ought to keep an idiot, a deaf mute, a monkey, and a baby in your house'—MLii 49.
1879	FRS.
1879	Married Ethel Duncan. 5 sons, 1 daughter.
1880	Dec. 17 'I have now got a monkey. Sclater let me choose one from the Zoo'—Life of Romanes 105.
1881	Apr. CD to R, about letter from Frances Cobbe on vivisection in The Times—LLiii 206.
1882	R was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
1882	Animal intelligence, London (F1416), contains many extracts from CD's notes.
1883	Mental evolution in animals, London (F1434), contains CD's essay on instinct, 355-384.
1890	Worked at Oxford.
1892-1897	Darwin and after Darwin, 3 vols, London.
1893	An examination of Weismannism, London.

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Romanian
	First editions in:
1950	Origin of species (F746).
1958	Journal of researches (F225).
1962	Autobiography (F1532).
1963	Variation under domestication (F924).
1964	Fertilisation of orchids (F824).
1964	Cross and self fertilisation (F1271).
1965	Insectivorous plants. (F1243).
1965	Different forms of flowers (F1361).
1967	Descent of man (F1106).
1967	Expression of the emotions (F1205).
1970	Climbing plants (F864).
1970	Movement in plants (F1348).
Römer, Ferdinand, 1818-1891.
	Prof. Mineralogy and Geology Breslau. CD sent R Fossil cirripedes—Lychnos, 1948-1949:206-210.
1851	R sent fossil cirripedes to CD.
Romilly, Caroline, ?-1830.
1870	Married Lancelot Baugh Allen as first wife.
"Roots"
1882	"The action of carbonate of ammonia on the roots of certain plants", J. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.), 19:239-261 (Bii 236, F1800).
Rorison, Gilbert, 1821-1861.
	Episcopalian clergyman of Peterhead, Aberdeenshire.
1861	Anonymous author of The three barriers: notes on Mr. Darwin's 'Origin of species', Aberdeen, preface signed G. R., anti-evolution. The barriers are the breast, the backbone and the brain.
1862	CD to Huxley, '(a theological hash of the old abuse of me), Owen gives the author a new resumé of his brain doctrine'—MLii 341.
Rosas, Juan Manuel, 1793-1877.
	Cattle rancher and Dictator of Argentine. CD met at Southampton.
1833	R helped CD with horses and safe conducts on inland journeys—J. Researches.
1834	CD to E. Lumb 'The Caesar-like Rosas'—J. H. Winslow, J. Hist. Geogr., 1:347-360, 1975.
1852	R was overthrown and retired to Swaythling, Hampshire.

[page] 246

Rose, Sibyl
1917	Married C. J. Wharton Darwin.
Ross, Captain John Clunies (1786-1854)
	Merchant navy captain.
1827	Proprietor of Cocos Keeling Islands, arrived 1827, living on Direction Island.
1833	Apr. 3 CD at Cocos Keeling Islands but R was away and they did not meet.
until 1986	Clunies Ross V was last proprietor under Australian Government.
Rothenstein, Sir William, 1872-1945.
	Artist.
1909	Bronze medallion of CD by R shown at Christ's College Cambridge anniversary exhibition.
1931	Kt.
Rothrock, Joseph Trimble, 1839-1922.
	American botanist. R answered CD's queries for Expression on American Indians.
1862	CD to Gray, refers to R's work on Houstonia—Darwin-Gray 43.
Roux, Wilhelm, 1850-1934.
	German embryologist.
1881	R sent CD a copy of his Der Kampf der Thiele, 1881. CD to Romanes, thought the book important, especially on the struggle of cell against cell within the body—LLiii 244.
Rowlands, Moelwyn Jones, see Darwin's notebooks.
Rowlett, George, 1796-1834.
	On 1st voyage in Adventure. Purser on 2nd voyage of Beagle. He was, in his late 30s, the oldest officer aboard.
1834	Jun. R died at sea.
Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, Surrey.
	Developed as a personal estate around Kew Palace by George III.
1840	Taken over as the National botanic garden, research centre and herbarium.
	First Director Sir William Jackson Hooker; 2nd Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, his son; 3rd Sir William Turner Thiselton-Dyer, J. D. H.'s son-in-law. CD visited and received much plant material from, for his botanical work.
Royal College of Physicians, England.
1879	CD awarded Baly Medal.
Royal College of Surgeons of England
	See also Sir Richard Owen. See also Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle.
1953	Took over Down House and have administered it until 1996 when it was acquired by English Heritage. Their former research station, on Little Pucklands field, marches with the Down House estate to the south.
1974	Published, under Phillimore imprint, Atkins, Down, The home of the Darwins.
Royal Geographical Society
1838	CD Fellow.
Royal Institution, Albemarle St, London.
1880	Apr. 9 Huxley gave address to on "The coming of age of The origin of species", published in Nature, Lond., 22:1-4, and in Science and culture, 310. "In the above-mentioned lecture Mr Huxley made a strong point of the accumulation of palaeontological evidence which the years 1859 to 1880 have given us in favour of evolution"—LLiii 240.

[page] 247

Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.
1866	CD Honorary Member.
Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh
1826-1827	CD Member whilst a medical student.
1861	Honorary Member.
Royal Society
	See also Philosophical Club, X Club. Details of D related Fellows in Darwin pedigrees, 1984 pp. 66-67.
1839	Jan. 24 CD was elected Fellow.
1849, 1855	CD Member of Council 1849-1850, 1855-1856
1853	CD Royal Medal.
1864	CD Copley Medal.
1877	CD to Romanes, who had failed to be elected in that year. Hooker (then President) had implied that age and position in scientific society weighed heavily, as did having been proposed many times. Youth is a disqualification—Carroll 509.
1882, 1903	There were three living D Fellows briefly in the spring of 1882 and again 1903-1912.
1890	Darwin Medal instituted, with residual funds from Darwin Memorial appeal. The effigy of CD is reduced from medallion by Allen Wyon.
until 1962	The D family is the only one in the history of the Society to have had a continuous succession from father to son of Fellows, with no year without at least one fellow, from Erasmus D [I], elected 1761, to Sir Charles Galton D, died 1962.
1959	The succession continues, through the female line, to Richard Darwin Keynes, elected 1959.
Royal Society of Edinburgh
1865	CD Fellow.
Royal Society of New South Wales, Sydney.
1879	CD Honorary Member.
Royer, Mlle Clémence-August, 1830-1902.
1862	R translated Origin into French, adding her own footnotes.
1862	CD to Gray, R "must be one of the cleverest and oddest women in Europe"—LLii 387.
1862	CD to Quatrefages, "I wish the translator had known more natural history"—MLi 202.
1867	CD to Lyell, about the translation, "Nevertheless with all its bad judgement and taste it shows, I think, that the woman is uncommonly clever"—LLiii 73, Carroll 332.
Royle, John Forbes 1799-1858.
	Surgeon and naturalist. Originally in Medical Service in India. Secretary of Geological Society before CD. DNB.
1836-1858	Prof. Materia Medica and Therapeutics King's College London.
1837	FRS.
?1840	CD to R, thanking for a book, perhaps Illustrations of the botany...of the Himalayan mountains, [1833-]1839[-1840]; "Long may our rule flourish in India"—MLi 67.

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Ruck, Amy Richenda, 1848-1876.
	Daughter of Lawrence R. CD's daughter-in-law. Portrait in Bernard D p. 14.
1874	Married Sir Francis D as first wife.
1876	Died in childbed.
1876	Sep. 15 CD to G. W. Norman, "she was sweet and gentle". Francis D had gone to North Wales for the funeral—Carroll 497.
Ruck, Amy Roberta, 1878 Aug. 2-1978 Aug. 11.
	Novelist. Eldest of eight children of A. A. Ruck. Born in India. Known as "Berta". Married George Oliver ("Oliver Onions") 1873-1961.
1967	Autobiography A trickle of Wesh blood.
Ruck, Lawrence, 1819-?
	Of Pantlludw, near Machynlleth, Wales. Father of Amy Richenda R. Magdalen College Oxford. Something in India.
	Married Mary Anne Matthews. 8 children. The 3 sons who were at Clapham Grammar School with CD's sons were: 1. Col. A. A. Ruck, father of Amy Roberta R; 2. Sir Richard Matthews R, 1851-1935, Maj. Gen. R.E., K.B.E.; 3. Lawrence Ithel R, 1854-?, died youngish, Christ's College Cambridge, MA 1881.
Ruck, Mrs Lawrence, see Mary Anne Matthews.
Rucker, Sigismund
	Orchid grower of West Hill, Wandsworth, Surrey. R lent CD Mormodes ignea, "goblin orchid"—Allan 205.
Rudd, Sophia, ?-1899.
	Married Rowland Henry Wedgwood as first wife.
Ruedinger, Nicolaus R., 1832-1896.
	Anatomist.
1876	CD to Lawson Tait, R had written to CD about regeneration of digits—MLi 363.
Rugby, Warwickshire.
1839	Jan. 29 CD and ED took a train to London from R after their wedding at Maer ? as far as train went.
1852	CD and ED visited William Erasmus D at Rugby School. Goulburn was headmaster when WED was there.
1855	CD and ED stopped there on return from British Association meeting at Glasgow.
Rugendas, Moritz, 1799-1858.
	German artist.
1825-1835	Travelled and sketched scenery in South America.
1832	Apr. 8 CD mentions in letters home and to Henslow—CD Diary.
1834	Aug. Martens stayed with R at Valparaiso,"exceedingly able man"—FR to Beaufort.
Ruskin, John, 1819-1900.
	Art critic and social reformer—IJ. DNB.
1879	CD met and made friends with in the Lake District. Visited his home, Brantwood, Coniston, but could not understand the Turners in R's bedroom. CD considered R's mind clouded—EDii 238.
1879	CD to Romanes, "We saw Ruskin several times, and he was uncommonly pleasant"—Life of Romanes 98.
Russell, see Kororareka.
Russian
	First editions in:
1846	Coral reefs (summary only, F320).
1860	Manual of scientific enquiry (CD's article only, F336).
1864	Origin of species (F748).
1867-1868	Variation under domestication (F925).
1870-1871	Journal of researches (F226).
1871	Descent of man (F1107).
1872	Expression of the emotions (F1206).
1876	Insectivorous plants (F1244).
1877	"Biographical sketch of an infant" (F1314).
1882	Vegetable mould and worms (F1408).
1896	Autobiography (F1533).
1896	Movement in plants (F1349).
1900	Fertilisation of orchids (F825).
1900	Climbing plants (F865).
1936	"Bar of sandstone off Pernambuco" (F270).
1936	Coral reefs (complete, F321).
1936	Volcanic islands and South America (F323).
1938	Cross and self fertilisation (F1272).
1935-1959	The Collected Works, edited by S. L. Sobol' is by far the most comprehensive in any language.
1939	"On the tendency of species to form varieties" (F370).
1948	Different forms of flowers (F1302).
1959	Letters on geology (F7).
1959	Memoir of Professor Henslow (CD's recollections only, F832).
1959	Erasmus Darwin (CD's notice only, F1324).

[page] 249

Ruthin, Denbigh, Wales.
1831	Aug. CD visited with Sedgwick on geology trip.
Rütimeyer, Carl Ludwig, 1825-1895.
	Swiss palaeontologist. Prof. Comparative Anatomy Basel.
1867	CD to Lyell, R had sent him his pamphlet Über die Herkunft unserer Thierwelt, Basel 1867, but CD had not read it or opened the pages—Carroll 331.
1868	R author of Die Grenzen der Thierwelt: eine Betrachtung zu Darwin's lehre, Basel. CD had this pamphlet translated by Camilla Ludwig.
Ryan, Mary
	Julia Margaret Cameron's pretty maid who often sat for her, known as "The Madonna".
1868	CD and family met R—EDii 191.
Ryle, Jane Harriet, 1794-1866.
	Married Sir Francis Sacheverel D.

[page 250]

S

Sabine, Sir Edward, 1788-1883.
	Astronomer and physicist. General R.A., saw little action, but went on several expeditions as scientist. S was anti-darwinian. DNB.
1818	FRS.
1849	CD to Hooker, CD had travelled with S to British Association meeting at Birmingham, comments about Mrs S "A very nice woman she is, and so is her sharp and sagacious mother"—LLi 378.
1861-1871	PRS.
1864	S to CD, asking him to attend Royal Society to receive Copley Medal; CD did not go—MLi 257.
1864	S's Presidential address to Royal Society about CD's Copley Medal, "Speaking generally and collectively, we have expressly omitted it [Origin] from the grounds of our award": a remark which caused much offence—MLiii 28.
1869	KCB.
"Sagitta"
1844	"Observations on the structure and propagation of the genus Sagitta", Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 13:1-6 (Bi 177, F1664) French, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., 1:360-365.
St Andrews, Fife, Scotland.
1827	CD visited on spring tour.
St Croix, Elizabeth, 1790-1868.
1817	Married William Brown D.
St Helena, Atlantic Ocean.
1836	Jul. 7-14 Beagle at. CD stayed ashore four days "within a stone's throw of Napoleon's tomb".
St Paul's Rocks, Atlantic Ocean.
	Uninhabited island, with St Peter, belonging to Brazil. See Edwards and Lubbock 1983 J. Zool. Lond. 200:51-69 for fauna and flora.
1832	Feb. 16-17 Beagle at and CD landed.
Sales, Sydney
	Landowner at Downe, west and north of Down House. A £50 cheque to S from CD—Sotheby 1979 Jun. 18 lot 467, Union Bank of London.
1843	CD bought an acre and a bit from him.
1872	"Mr. Sales would be sure to build some more ugly houses on it if he got the land".
1881	CD bought a strip of field on west side of Down House, beyond orchard, for a hard tennis court.
"Saliferous Deposits"
1838	"Origin of saliferous deposits: salt lakes of Patagonia and La Plata", J. Geol. Soc., 2:127-128 (F1651), an extract from Geological observations on South America, 73-75, before publication.
1846	"Origin of saliferous deposits", Quart. J. Geol. Soc. (Proc.), 2:127-128 (Bi 212, F1673).
Salin, Vernon
1868	Acting Curate at Downe, spelling is doubtful—Darwin-Innes 220.

[page] 251

Salisbury, Marchioness of, see Alderson.
Salisbury, Marquis of, see Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne Cecil.
"Salt"
1847	"Salt", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 10:157-158 (Bii 14, F1676).
"Salt on Carbonate of Lime"
1844	"What is the action of common salt on carbonate of lime?", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 37:628-629 (Bi 198, F1668).
"Salt-Water and Seeds", see "Seeds, vitality of".
Salter, John William, 1820-1869.
1846-1863	Palaeontologist to Geological Survey.
1861	S showed CD some evolutionary series of brachiopods at Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn St, London—LLii 367.
Salter, Thomas Bell, 1814-1858.
	Physician and botanist of Ryde, Isle of Wight. Nephew of Prof. Thomas Bell.
1855	S was sending seeds to CD for hybrid studies—Darwin-Henslow 175, as I. B. S.
Salvador, Brazil, also called Bahia.
1832	Feb. 22-Mar. 18 Beagle at and CD ashore.
1836	Aug. 1-17 Beagle returned and CD ashore.
Sanderson, Sir John Scott Burdon, Bart, 1828-1905.
	Physician and physiologist. S helped CD with experiments for Insectivorous plants. DNB.
1867	FRS.
1874-1882	Prof. Physiology University College London.
1875	S saw and agreed to Litchfield's sketch for vivisection bill.
1881	CD attended lecture by S at Royal Institution on plant movement; audience applauded on CD's entrance—EDi 245.
1882-1895	Oxford.
1882	S was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
	After CD's death, S was much involved in controversies on vivisection.
1895-1904	Regius Prof. Medicine Oxford.
1899	1st Bart.
Sandown, Isle of Wight.
1858	Jul.-Aug. CD and family visited.
Sandys, John Edwin, 1844-1928.
	Classical scholar. DNB WWH.
1876-1919	Public Orator Cambridge.
1877	Nov. 17 S gave oration on CD's Honorary LL.D. "Tu vero, qui leges naturae tam docte illustraveris, legum Doctor nobis esto"—LLiii 222.
Sandwalk
	Path in grounds of Down House, used regularly by CD for constitutional walk. Sandpit at south end was used for dressing the path. There was a summer-house at far southeast end—EDii 76.
1846	S was laid down around woodland planted from pasture rented from Sir John William Lubbock.
1874	It was bought from Sir John L.

[page] 252

Santa Fé, Argentine.
1833	Oct. 2-15 CD at.
Santiago, Chile.
1835	Mar. 13 CD visited on his way from Valparaiso to cross the cordilleras to Mendoza.
	Apr. 10 CD returned through.
São Jago, Cape Verde Islands, Atlantic Ocean.
1832	Jan. 17-Feb. 8 Beagle at Porto Praya and CD landed.
1836	Aug. 31-Sep. 5 Beagle again at and CD landed.
Saporta, Louis Charles Joseph Gaston, Marquis de, 1823-1895.
	French palaeobotanist. S was a fairly frequent correspondent on botanical matters. Ten letters from CD to S—Yvette Conry 1972 Correspondance entre Charles Darwin et Gaston de Saporta, Paris.
1863	CD to Lyell, S was pro-Origin—LLiii 17.
1868	CD to S, about the growth of belief in evolution in France—LLiii 103.
1878	CD to S, about his election to Académie des Sciences—MLi 376.
Sara
1881	Nurse to Bernard Richard Meirion D—EDii 246, 247.
Sarcey, Francisque, 1827-1899.
	French dramatic critic.
1880	S lunched at Down House in summer with Edmond Barbier.
Schaaffhausen, Hermann Joseph, 1816-1893.
	German anthropologist.
1853	Über Beständigkeit und Unwandlung der Arten, Verhandl. Naturhist. Vereins, Bonn, which is an evolutionary forerunner.
1860	S sent a copy to Lyell.
Scherzer, Carl Heinrich, Ritter von, 1821-1903.
	Austrian ethnologist.
1861-1862	S edited Reise der...Fregatte Novara.
1868	CD to S, addressing him as "Ministerial Rath", thanking for translating Queries about expression, "and inserting"—Carroll 356.
1879	CD to S, "What a foolish idea seems to prevail in Germany on the connection between socialism and evolution through natural selection"—LLiii 237.
Schimmelpenninck, Lambert
	Moravian. Of Bristol.
1806	Married Mary Ann Galton.
Schimmelpenninck, Mary Ann, see Galton.
Schlagintweit-Sakünlünski, Hermann Alfred Rudolph von, 1826-1882.
	German botanist and geologist. CD spells, with doubt, "Schlagenheit".
1857	CD to Hooker, "I believe he is returned to England, and he has poultry skins from W. Elliot of Madras"—MLi 99.
1857	Paper with his brother Robert von S-S., Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 27:106-108, 1857—Carroll 230, Stauffer 438.
1860	CD to Lyell, "Do not trust Sclagenweit [sic]", about yak-cattle crosses.
Schleiden, Matthias Jakob, 1804-1881.
	German botanist and, with Schwann, founder of the cell theory.
1864	CD to Welsh, S was, with other Germans, coming round to belief in natural selection—MLi 259.

[page] 253

Schlesische Gesellschaft für Vaterlandische Cultur, Breslau.
1878	CD Honorary Member.
Schmerling, Philippe Charles, 1791-1836.
	French geologist.
1863	CD to Hooker, concerning antiquity of man, "Falconer...does not do justice to...Schmerling"—LLiii 19.
Schomburgk, Sir Robert Hermann, 1804-1865.
	Naturalist in West Indies. DNB.
1844	Kt.
circa 1850	S visited Down House for weekend—Carroll 69.
circa 1862	S told CD about the three forms of Catasetum tridentatum which had been described as belonging to three different genera—J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), 6:151-157.
Schulze, Karl August Julius Fritz, 1846-1908.
	Prof. Technische Hochschüle Dresden.
1875	CD to S, thanking him for copy of Kant und Darwin, Jena 1875—Carroll 470.
Schweizerbart'sche Verlag
	Publisher of Stuttgart, Germany.
1860-1882	S published first German editions of eleven of CD's books.
	Also 2nd edition of Journal of researches 1875 and Life and letters 1887-1888.
Science Defence Association
1881	Formed as a result of prosecution of David Ferrier. CD's name was put forward as President, but he declined—MLii 439.
Scientifics
	Perhaps a working mens' club—Atkins 85.
1880	Fifty members visited Down House and were entertained with claret-cup, wine and biscuits. Francis D talked to them, but CD did not appear.
Sclater, Philip Lutley, 1829-1913.
	Orinithologist and animal geographer. DNB.
1859-1902	Secretary to Zoological Society of London.
1860	CD to S, thanking for list and notes on Galapagos Islands birds—Carroll 195, 197.
1861	FRS.
Scoresby, Rev. William, 1789-1857.
	Anglican clergyman, whaler and arctic scientist. DNB.
1824	FRS.
1839	DD.
1855	CD corresponded with S on seed transport—LLii 56.
Scotland
1825-1827	At Edinburgh University, 1825 Oct. 22-1827 Apr. circa 24.
	Apart from his time at university CD made two tours in Scotland:
1827	Apr.-May, on leaving University, Dundee, St Andrews, Stirling, Glasgow and from there to Belfast.
1838	Jun. by boat from London to Leith, Edinburgh. Loch Leven, Glen Roy, Glasgow on a geological trip.
1855	CD and ED went to British Association meeting at Glasgow.
Scott, John, 1836-1880.
	Botanist. "The only naturalist who can be described as a pupil of Darwin's" [sic]—Poulton, Darwin and the Origin 53.
1859-1864	On staff at Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. He left Edinburgh "at what...he considered discouragement and slight".
1861	CD to Hooker, "I have been corresponding largely with him; he is no common man"—LLiii 300.
1863	CD to S, "I cannot help doubting...whether you fully comprehend what is meant by natural selection"—MLi 239.
1864	CD to Hooker, "I have paid the poor fellow's passage out to India". CD had thought of employing him at Down House, and suggested that Hooker take him on at Kew.
1864-	Curator Botanic Garden Calcutta.
1864	CD met S once, between Mar. and May.
1867	Brief biography by Sir George King, "shy and modest almost to being apologetic", "almost morbidly modest"—MLi 217.
1867	CD to Hooker, he had had a nice letter from S on acclimatization—MLii 3.
1871	S offers to repay his fare. CD replies strongly that he "a rich man" had given it as a present, not as a loan—MLii 331.
1873	S helped with Expression, p. 21 "The habit of accurate observation, gained by his botanical studies, has been brought to bear on our present subject".
1877	Became an expert on opium husbandry, Manual of opium husbandry, Calcutta.

[page] 254

"Sea-Water and Seeds"
1855	"Does sea-water kill seeds?", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 15:242 (Bi 255, F1682).
1855	"Does sea-water kill seeds?", ibid., No. 21:356-357 (Bi255, F1683).
1855	"Effect of salt-water on the germination of seeds", ibid., No. 48:789 (Bi 262, F1688).
1857	"On the action of sea-water on the germination of seeds", J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.), 1:130-140 (Bi 264, F1694).
Sedgwick, Rev. Adam, 1785-1873.
	Geologist. Biography: Clark and Hughes 1890. DNB.
1818-1873	Fellow of Trinity College and Woodwardian Prof. Geology Cambridge.
1830	FRS.
1831	Aug. CD made geological tour in North Wales with S.
1859	CD sent S 1st edition of Origin.
1859	S to CD, "I have read your book with more pain than pleasure...You have deserted—after a start in that tram-road of all solid physical truth—the true method of induction, and started us in machinery as wild, I think, as Bishop Wilkin's locomotive that was to sail with us to the moon"—LLii 248.
1859	CD to Huxley, S "has laughed till his sides ached at my book"—MLi 130.
1860	S spoke to Cambridge Philosophical Society, reported in Cambridge Chronicle, May 19, "Darwin's theory may help to simplify our classifications...but he has not undermined any grand truth in the constancy of natural laws, and the continuity of true species"—MLi 149.
1870	CD and family called on S at Cambridge in May. Fine friendly letter from S, "I was overflowing with joy when I saw you"—MLii 236.

[page] 255

Sedgwick, Sarah, 1839-1902.
	Of Cambridge, Mass. Sister of Theodora S. CD's daughter-in-law. Friend of Chauncey Wright—LLiii 165, Letters of Chauncey Wright, 246-248. "She was the kindest of the kind but a little formidable...Sedgwicks, Eliots and Nortons are not to be lightly encountered"—Bernard D p. 42.
1877	Married William Erasmus D.
Sedgwick, Theodora
	Of Cambridge, Mass. Sister of Sarah S. Married Charles Norton.
1878	S visited Down House and Bassett.
1884	S visited The Grove, Cambridge.
Seeds
	CD's collections of seeds are in the Botany School, Cambridge.
"Seeds"
1855	"Vitality of seeds", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 46:758 (Bi 260, F1686).
1855	"Effect of salt-water on the germination of seeds", ibid., No. 47:773 (Bi 761, F1687).
1855	"Effect of salt-water on the germination of seeds", ibid., No. 48:789 (Bi 262, F1688).
1855	"Longevity of seeds", ibid., No. 52:854 (Bi 263, F1689).
1857	"On the action of sea-water on the germination of seeds", J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.), 1:130-140 (Bi 264, F1694).
1857	"Productiveness of foreign seed", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 46:779 (Bi 264, F1698).
"Seedling Fruit Trees"
1855	"Seedling fruit trees", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 52:854 (Bi 263, F1690).
"Self-Fertilisation"
	See also Cross and self-fertilisation, 1876.
1865	"Self-fertilisation", Hardwicke's Science Gossip, 1:114 (Bii 132, F1734).
Semper, Karl Gottfried, 1832-1893.
	German zoologist. Prof. Zoology Würzburg.
1876	Der Haeckelismus in der Zoologie, Hamburg.
1878	CD to S, on speciation in relation to isolation, "I should think nearly perfect separation would greatly aid in their 'specification' to coin a new word"—LLiii 160.
1878	CD to S, on variation; S was strongly in favour of direct action of environment—LLiii 344.
1879	CD to S on Coral formations in Pellew Islands—LLiii 182.
1879	S sent CD proof sheets of Die natürlichen Existenzbedingungen der Thiere, 1880.
1881	CD to S, on variation, "the even still kinder manner in which you disagree with me"—MLi 391.
Senkenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Frankfurt-am-Main.
1873	CD Corresponding Member.
Serbian
	First editions in:
1878	Origin of species (F766).
1937	Autobiography (F1542).
Serbo-Croat
1949	First edition in: Journal of researches (F244).
Settegast, Hermann Gustav, 1819-1908.
	Boschetti, Francesco, Darwin-Settegast transformisti, Linneo-Sanson non transformisti, e le Leggi dell' Ereditarieta, Turin 1890.
1870	H sent CD a copy of his book Die Thierzucht, Breslau 1868—MLi 324.

[page] 256

Sevenoaks, Kent.
1877	Oct. 5-26 CD had family holiday in a rented house.
Seward, Sir Albert Charles, 1863-1941.
	Palaeobotanist. DNB.
1898	FRS.
1903	S edited, with Francis D, More letters of Charles Darwin.
1906-1936	Prof. Botany Cambridge.
1909	Edited, in CD centenary year, Darwin and modern science.
1915-1936	Master of Downing College.
1936	Kt.
Seward, Anna, 1747-1809.
	Poet and author. Generally considered that S wanted to marry Erasmus D after death of his first wife and was chagrined when he married Elizabeth Chandos Pole. DNB.
1754-1809	Lived at The Swan, Lichfield.
1879	CD to Reginald D, he had written his introduction to Krause's biography of Erasmus D [I] "to contradict flatly some calumnies by Miss Seward"—LLiii 219.
1804	S was author of Memoirs of the life of Dr. Darwin, London.
"Sex Ratios"
1868	["Inquiry about sex ratios in domestic animals"], Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 7:160 (Bii 135, F1743).
"Sexual Selection"
1871	"Sexual selection" forms Part II of Descent, chs VIII-XXI, more than half the book.
1876	"Sexual selection in relation to monkeys", Nature, Lond., 15:18-19 (Bii 207, F1773)
1880	"The sexual colours of certain butterflies", ibid., 21:237 (Bii 220, F1787)
1882	"On the modification of a race of Syrian street dogs by means of sexual selection", by Dr. [W.] Van Dyck, with a preliminary notice by Charles Darwin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., No. 25:367-370 (Bii 278, F1803). This was CD's last publication.
Seymour, Edward Adolphus, Duke of Somerset, 1775-1855.
	S was influential in obtaining money from the Exchequer for publication of scientific results of Beagle voyage. DNB.
1797	11th Duke FRS.
1834-1837	President of the Linnean Society.
Seymour, Gertrude, ?-1825.
1812	Married John Hensleigh Allen [I].
Shaen, Emily, see Winkworth.
Shaen, Margaret J.
	Daughter of William S. Family friend and continued to visit ED.
1887	ED to S, "My dear one felt you completely one of the family and not 'company'"—EDii 280.
Shaen, William, 1870-1887.
	Solicitor and educationalist.
1851	Married Emily Winkworth. Two sons are mentioned, John and Godfrey, one daughter Margaret.
1882	S was on "Family Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
1888	ED to Henrietta Emma Litchfield, "Now I must write declining to subscribe to Shaen memorial at Bedford College". "I do not care about the higher education of women, though I ought to do so"—EDii 172. "After all I did send £10 to the Shaen Memorial".

[page] 257

Shanklin, Isle of Wight.
1858	Jul.-Aug. CD and family visited.
Sharpe, Daniel, 1806-1856.
	Geologist. S was in Portuguese mercantile business.
1846-1851	CD to S, on cleavage and foliation—MLii 199-204.
1846	CD to S on cleavage and foliation—FUL 104.
1849	CD to Lyell, CD had been discussing mica schist with S—MLii 131.
1850	FRS.
Sharples, Rolinda, ?-1838.
	Rolinda daughter of James S (?1750-1811) is the only S who fits for date.
1816	Pastel of CD with sister Emily Catherine is always said to be by "Sharples". The earliest portrait of CD.
Shaw
1829	Taxidermist of Shrewsbury—LLi 175.
Shaw, Joseph, 1786-1859.
	Senior Tutor at Cambridge in CD's time. S liked hunting and the Newmarket races.
1807-1859	Fellow of Christ's College Cambridge.
1827	Oct. "Admissus est pensionarius minor sub Magistro Shaw", but CD did not go up until Lent term.
"Sheep"
1880	[Letter] "Black sheep", Nature, Lond., 23:93 (Bii 224, F1790), containing extracts from a letter from "Mr. Sanderson", about selective value of black sheep in Australian flocks.
"Shell Rain"
1855	"Shell rain in the Isle of Wight", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 44:726-727 (Bi 259, F1685).
"Shells"
1878	"Transplantation of shells", Nature, Lond., 18:120-121, introducing a letter from Arthur H. Gray, ibid., 120 (Bii 214, F1783).
1880	"The Omori shell mounds", Nature, Lond., 21:561, introducing one from Edward S. Morse, ibid., 561-562 (Bii 222, F1788)
1882	"On the dispersal of freshwater bivalves", Nature, Lond., 25:529-530 (Bii 276, F1802).
Sheppard, Nathan, 1834-1888.
1884	Darwinism stated by Darwin himself, New York. Selected by S, the first book of selections.
Sherbrooke, Viscount, see Robert Lowe.
Shipley, Sir Arthur Everett, 1861-1927.
	Zoologist. DNB.
1904	FRS.
1909	S, with J. C. Simpson, organised the exhibition of Darwiniana at Christ's and initialed its catalogue.
1910-1927	Master of Christ's College Cambridge.
1920	GBE.
Shrewsbury, Memorial to CD
	In Unitarian chapel. Reads "To the memory of Charles Robert Darwin, author of 'Origin of species', born in Shrewsbury February 12th, 1809. In early life a member and constant worshipper in this church. Died April 19th, 1882"—Woodall p. 12.
Shrewsbury newspaper, see Eddowe's newspaper.
Shrewsbury School
	The school owns Sir Richard Owen's copy of 1st edition of Origin.
1798-1836.	Samuel Butler [I] was Headmaster.
1818-1825	1818 Summer term-1825 Jun. 17 CD there. He boarded even though the school was hardly more than a mile from The Mount, his home.
	The old school, which CD attended, is now the borough library, with the large seated statue of CD, by Horace Mountford, in front.
1882	The new school was first occupied.

[page] 258

Shuttleworth, Sir James Phillips Kay-, Bart, 1804-1877.
	Physician and educationalist. CD knew him (then J. P. Kay) at Royal Medical Society Edinburgh. DNB.
1849	1st Bart.
Siebenbürgische Verein für Naturwissenschaft, Hermannstadt.
1877	CD Honorary Member.
Simcox
	S is mentioned as someone CD rode with at Cambridge—LLi 176. S is not in Venn. According to CCD 'Possibly a familiar name for George Simpson (see letters to W. D. Fox, [18 May 1829], 'Simpson', [3 January 1830], 'old Simpcox')'
Simon, Sir John, 1816-1904.
	Surgeon. Medical Officer to Privy Council. DNB.
1845	FRS.
1875	S saw and agreed to Litchfield's draft sketch for a vivisection bill—LLiii 204.
1879-1880	PRS.
1881	CD praises his address on vivisection to International Medical Congress—LLiii 210.
1887	KCB.
Simon's Bay, Cape of Good Hope, South Africa.
	See also Cape Town.
1836	May 31 Beagle anchored at.
Simonde de Sismondi, Jean Charles Léonard, 1773-1842.
	Swiss historian. Home Chêne, near Vevey, Switzerland.
1819	Married Jessie Allen d.s.p.
1837	Emma Allen to Elizabeth Wedgwood, "I feel it is hard on him to see so much of people he could never get a taste for, no more than they could for him"; "Not even infant schools and savings banks escape his condemnation, while beggary meets with his strenuous support"—EDi 280.
1840	Jun. S and Mrs S stayed at 12 Upper Gower St, CD and ED away most of the time—EDii 54.
1887	ED "I should not have patience with his foibles, he would always go against my taste as wanting manliness"—EDi 279.
Simonde de Sismondi, Jessie, see Allen.
Simpson, James Crawford, 1876-1944.
1907-1909	S was at Emmanuel College as an advanced student. A Canadian from McGill University, Montreal, Professor of Embryology.
1909	S, with A. E. Shipley, prepared the Christ's College exhibition of Darwiniana and initialed the catalogue.
Sinclair, Andrew, circa 1796-1863.
	Scottish physician.
1844-1856	Colonial Secretary NZ.
1858	Returned to NZ.
1863	Drowned on Butler's sheep station, Mesopotamia, when in company of Haast—Rewa Glenn (pseudonym of Marguerite Maude Johnson) 1950 The botanical explorers of New Zealand, Wellington.
Sismondi, Jean Charles Léonard, see Simonde de Sismondi.
	S de S is always referred to as S in family letters.
Skertchly, Sydney Barber Josiah, 1850-1926.
	Naturalist.
1878	CD may have sent S some of his works "with my autograph"—MLii 240.
Sketches of 1842 and 1844
	CD's earliest drafts of his evolutionary views. Neither was published in his lifetime.
1887	Sketch of 1842 was not known to Francis D when he edited Life and letters, 1887.
1896	It was found in a staircase cupboard after his mother's death, 1896.
1. 1909	Francis D, editor, The foundations of The origin of species, a sketch written in 1842, Cambridge University Press, not published, issued to delegates to the anniversary celebrations at Cambridge (F1555). Facsimile 1969 (1559).
2. 1909	Francis D, editor, The foundations of The origin of species, two essays written in 1842 and 1844, Cambridge, University Press, pp. 1-53 from same setting of type as No. 1 (F1556).
1958	G. R. de Beer, editor, Evolution by natural selection, Cambridge, University Press, contains both drafts (F1557), issued for the XVth International Congress of Zoology (Darwin Centenary);
1871	Facsimile (F1560).
	First foreign editions:
1911	German (F1561).
1925	French (not in F).
1932	Russian (F1564).
1960	Italian (F1562).

[page] 259

"Skim, Mrs", see Mary Ann Galton.
Skinner
	Schoolmaster at Downe. A flogger.
Skinner, Mrs
	Wife of Downe schoolmaster.
1884	Taught Bernard Richard Meirion D.
Skinner, John
late 1880s	Coachman at Down house in late 1880s. His son worked in the gardens. Came to Cambridge with ED for the winters; "soothing and tranquil rather than exciting company, as tranquil as the horses he drove"—Bernard D p. 13.
Skramovsky, B. Maria, see Darwin's Notebooks.
Slaney, Elizabeth Frances, 1791-1862.
	Eldest daughter of R. A. S.
1835	Married Thomas Campbell Eyton.
Slaney, Robert Aglionby, ?-1870.
	Barrister. High Sheriff of Shropshire. Father of E. F. S.
Slavery
	CD, like his grandfather Erasmus D [I] and all educated whigs, was against slavery, CD especially so from his experience of it in South America.
1791	Josiah Wedgwood's cameo of a kneeling slave in chains, with inscription "Am I not a man and a brother" is illustrated in Erasmus D [I], The botanic garden, Pt. 1, facing p 87, with note "a Slave in chains, of which he distributed many hundreds, to excite the humane to attend to and to assist in the abolition of the detestable traffic in human creatures".
1826	Anti-slavery agitation by Josiah Wedgwood [II] and his family detailed—EDi 181.
1833	CD to his sister Caroline Sarah, "What a proud thing for England if she is the first European nation which utterly abolishes it"—LLi 246.
1833	CD to Herbert, "Hurrah for the honest Whigs! I trust they will soon attack that monstrous stain on our boasted liberty, Colonial Slavery"—LLi 248.
1833	CD at Rio de Janeiro, "On such fazêndas as these, I have no doubt the slaves pass happy and contented lives"—J. Researches 1845 24. "This man had been trained to a degradation lower than the slavery of the most helpless animal"—ibid. "I thank God, I shall never again visit a slave country", followed by two pages of description of its horrors—ibid. 499.
1845	CD to Lyell, "this odious deadly subject"—LLi 342.
1861	Many of CD's letters to Gray refer to slavery in relation to the American civil war, e.g. 1861 "If abolition does follow with your victory the whole world will look brighter in my eyes and in many eyes"—LLii 169, Darwin-Gray letters 37.

[page] 260

Sleeper, George Washington, 1826-1903.
	Teashop proprietor of Boston, Mass.
1849	Putative author of Shall we have common sense: some recent lectures, Boston 1849. This purports to precede CD's views on the origin of man. The work is a forgery, probably by his son John F. Sleeper, and probably printed between 1903 and 1912. See Poulton, Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., 1912-1913:26-45, 1913 and ibid., 1913-1914:23-44, 1914, with full facsimile of text. These two presidential addresses appeared together, as an offprint, 1914.
Slingsby, Monica
	Married William Robert Darwin.
"Slip-slop, Little Miss"
	Nickname of Emma Wedgwood (ED) in childhood.
Slovene
	First editions in:
1950	Journal of researches (F245).
1951	Origin of species (F768).
1959	Autobiography (F1543).
Smith
	Resident at Downe—Darwin-Innes 227.
Smith
1831	CD to Henslow, asking for an introduction to, perhaps Andrew S—Darwin-Henslow 42.
Smith, Albert George Dew, né Dew, 1848-1903.
	Physiologist of Trinity College Cambridge. Skilled photographer and collector of jewels. Friend of Horace D and Director of Cambridge Instrument Company.
?1874	CD to S, about physiology of Dionaea. CD had given all his best specimens to J. S. B. Sanderson—Carroll 434.
1882	S was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Smith, Sir Andrew, 1797-1872.
	Physician, naturalist and explorer. Army surgeon and zoologist. Director General Army Medical Department, Cape and Natal. DNB.
1836	CD met at Cape of Good Hope—Keynes p. 365.
1836	CD met in London and "took some long geological rambles"—Diary p. 409.
1849	CD to Strickland, about use of author's names in nomenclature which others, including S in conversation, were against—LLi 371.
1857	FRS.
1859	KCB.
Smith, Beatrice Ann Shore
1865	Married Godfrey Lushington.
Smith, Edgar Albert, 1847-1916.
	Zoologist at British Museum (Natural History).
1869	CD thanks for proofs of excellent woodcuts for Descent.
Smith, Edmund
	Physician at Ilkley.
1859	CD felt that "he felt very much for the fee and very little for the patient"—Brent p. 419.
Smith Elder & Co.
	Publishers of London.
1838-1843	S published Zoology of the Beagle, edited by CD.
1842-1844- 1846	S published the three parts of CD's Geology of the voyage of the Beagle, and later editions.

[page] 261

Smith, Frederick H., 1805-1879.
	Hymenopterist at British Museum. Friendly correspondent of CD.
1872	S gave CD information on copulation of bumble-bees—Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.). hist. Ser., 3:179, 1969.
Smith, Goldwin, 1823-1910.
	Historian and journalist. WWH.
1868	S had lunched at Down House with the Nortons. S was of the opinion that an article in Pall Mall Gazette, Aug. 22, on science and religion was a mistake—MLi 309.
Smith, Henry
	Naval officer, in HMS Clio.
1834-1838	1834 Jan. 11-1838 took over as Naval Superintendent, Falkland Islands, after Matthew Brisbane had been murdered. Had earlier been First Officer on Challenger.
Smith, James, 1782-1867.
	Geologist and sailor. Of Jordanhill, Glasgow. DNB.
1830	FRS.
1848	CD says S had a poor opinion of Chambers's Ancient sea margins, 1848.
Smith, John, 1798-1888.
	Curator, Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew.
1873	CD to Hooker, to ask S about watering plants during sunshine—MLii 410.
Smith, Saba, 1802-1866.
	Daughter of Sydney S.
1834	Married as second wife Henry Holland.
Smith, Sydney
	Known as "The Cid". Knew the Wedgwoods well and had visited Maer.
Smith, Rev. Sydney [I], 1771-1845.
	Writer, anglican clergyman and wit. Canon of St Paul's Cathedral, London. Member of Holland House set and friend of Wedgwoods, Allens and Erasmus Alvey D. Many references to in ED. CD "I once met Sydney Smith at Dean Milman's house"—LLi 75. DNB.
Smith, Sydney [II]
	Fellow of St Catherine's College Cambridge. Darwinian scholar.
1960	S edited type facsimile of Letters on geology (F4).
Smyth, Robert Brough, 1830-1889.
	Australian mining engineer.
1867	S answered CD's Queries about expression.
Snelgar, Margaretta
circa 1840	Married John Hensleigh Allen [II].
"Snow"
	Nickname for Frances Julia Wedgwood.
Snow, Mrs
	A "Mrs Snow" is listed 1882 amongst "Personal Friends invited" to CD's funeral.
Snow, George
1849-1855	Carrier from London to Downe, from Nag's Head public house, Borough, at least from 1849-1855.
Snow, George, 1811-1885 Dec. 4.
	Road surveyor. Lived in Downe for 30 years.
1863	There is a framed letter in saloon bar of George & Dragon signed by CD and other local people recommending him for post of District Surveyor, 1863.
1885	Buried Downe churchyard.
Snow, W.
1893	Jun. S was allowed by ED to keep five cows in Down House field.
Snowdon, Mountain, North Wales.
1826	Jan. CD climbed on walking tour.
"Soapy Sam"
	Nickname of Rev. Samuel Wilberforce.
Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, Buenos Aires.
1877	CD Honorary Member.
Sociedad de Naturalistas Neo-Granadinos
1860	CD Honorary Member.
Sociedad Zoológica Argentina, Cordova.
1874	CD Honorary Member.
Sociedade de Geographia de Lisboa
1877	CD Corresponding Member.

[page] 262

Società dei Naturalisti in Modena
1875	CD Honorary Member.
Società Geographica Italiana, Florence.
1875	CD Honorary Member.
Società Italiana di Antropologia e di Etnologia, Florence.
1872	CD Honorary Member.
Società La Scuola Italica, Academia Pitagorica, Rome.
1880	CD Presidente Onorario degli Anziani Pitagorici.
Societas Caesarea Naturae Curiosorum (Société Imperiale des Naturalistes), Moscow.
1870	CD Honorary Member.
Société d' Anthropologie, Paris.
1871	CD Foreign Member.
Société des Sciences Naturelles, Neuchatel.
1863	CD Corresponding Member.
Société Entomologique de France
1874	CD Honorary Member.
Société Géologique de France
1837	CD Life Member.
Société Hollandaise des Sciences à Haarlem, Hollandische Maatschappij der Wetenschappen, Haarlem.
1877	CD Foreign Member.
Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique, Brussels.
1881	CD Associate Member.
Société Royale des Sciences Médicales et Naturelles, Brussels.
1878	CD Honorary Member.
Society of Naturalists of the Imperial Kazan University, [Obshchestvo Estestvoispuitatelei pri Imperatorskom Kazanskom Universitetye]
1875	CD Honorary Member.
Somerset, 11th Duke of, see Edward Adolphus Seymour.
Somerville, Mary, see Mary Fairfax.
Somerville, William, 1771-1860.
1812	Married as second husband Mary Fairfax.
1817	FRS.
Sorby, Dr Henry Clifton, 1826-1908.
	Geologist.
1857	FRS.
1880	S presented address to CD from Yorkshire Naturalists' Union—LLiii 227.
Sorrell, Thomas, 1797-?
	Was on all three Beagle voyages.
1832	Jul. Acting Boatswain on 2nd voyage of Beagle.
South America, Part 3 of Geology of the Voyage of the Beagle
1846	Geological observations on South America. Being the third part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. Fitz-Roy, R.N., during the years 1832-1836, London (F273). Contains descriptions of tertiary fossil shells by G. B. Sowerby, and descriptions of secondary fossil shells by Edward Forbes.
1851	Combined edition with the two other parts from unsold sheets (F274).
1876	2nd edition, combined with Volcanic islands (F276).
1891	3rd edition (F282), only a reprint of 2nd edition.
1972	Facsimile from USA edition of 1896 (F307).
	First foreign editions:
1878	German (F312).
1891	USA (F283).
1906	Spanish (F324).
1936	Russian (F323).

[page] 263

South American Missionary Society
	The mission stems from the station on Keppel Island, West Falkland Is.—LLiii 127. See also Thomas Bridges.
1885	Apr. 24 Admiral Sulivan, to Daily News, CD subscribed to their orphanage at the Mission Station, Tierra del Fuego, 1867-1881 and saw the Missionary Journal for 1867, although he had at first regarded the task as hopeless.
South Cliff House, see Tenby.
South Kensington Museum, see British Museum (Natural History).
Southampton, Hampshire.
1846	Sep. 9-16 CD and ED attended British Association meeting at.
1868-1880	CD and ED visited their son William Erasmus D at Bassett, outside Southampton, in most years.
Southey, Robert, 1774-1843.
	Poet. DNB.
1839	CD met S with Thomas Butler on a stage coach from Birmingham to Shrewsbury, after British Association meeting—Jones, Life of Samuel Butler, i, 13.
Sowerby, George Brettingham [I], 1778-1854.
	Son of James S, the first of the S dynasty. Biological artist and author.
1836	CD to Henslow, "Also about fossil shells. Is Sowerby a good man? I understand his assistance can be purchased"—Darwin-Henslow 120.
1844	S wrote appendix to CD's Volcanic islands.
1846	S wrote appendix to CD's South America.
Sowerby, George Brettingham [II], 1812-1884.
	Son of George Brettingham S [I].
1851-1854	S drew illustrations for all CD's work on cirripedes.
1861	Oct. 5-6 S was at Down House drawing orchids for Fertilisation of orchids 1862.
Sowerby, James de Carle, 1787-1871.
	Son of James S [I], elder brother of G. B. S. [I]. CD discussed fossil molluscs of Falkland Is with S—J. Res. 1839 p. 253.
Spanish
	First editions in:
1877	Origin of species (F770), contains two letters from CD not printed elsewhere.
1902	Journal of researches (F249).
?1902	Descent of man (F1124).
?1902	Expression of the emotions (F1214).
1906	South America (F324).
1907	Autobiography (F1544).
Spencer, Herbert, 1820-1903.
	First child of William George S and Harriet Homes, eight other children all died in infancy. Engineer and philosopher. Unmarried. Biography: Duncan 1908; Medawar 1964, Encounter, 21:35-43. DNB.
1860	CD to Lyell, CD had read S's essay on population, Westminster Rev., 57:468-501, "such dreadful hypothetical rubbish"—Carroll 201.
1865	CD to Lyell, "somehow I never feel any wiser after reading him, but often feel mistified [sic.]"—Carroll 307.
1866	CD to Hooker, "If he had trained himself to observe more, even at the expense...of some loss of thinking power he would have been a wonderful man"—LLiii 56.
1870	CD to Lankester, "I suspect that hereafter he will be looked at as by far the greatest living philosopher in England"—LLiii 120.
1873	CD to S, on receiving S's The study of sociology, 1873, "Those were splendid hits about the Prince of Wales and Gladstone. I never before read a good defence of Toryism"—MLi 351.
1874	CD to Romanes, "I have so poor a metaphysical head that Mr. Spencer's terms of equilibration &c. always bother me and make everything less clear"—Carroll 446.
1874	CD to Fiske, "with the exception of special points I did not even understand H. Spencer's general doctrine; for his style is too hard for me"—LLiii 193.
1882	S was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
	Works:
1862	First principles, London.
1864	The principles of biology, London.
1862-1893	The whole body of his work in The synthetic philosophy, 9 vols, London.
	Autobiography:
1889	Privately printed.
1894	Published.

[page] 264

Spencer, John Poyntz, 1835-1910.
	Whig statesman. 5th Earl Spencer of Althorp. DNB.
1882	S, as Lord President of the Council, represented the Queen in Council at CD's funeral.
"Spengle"
	CD's family name for Dr S. P. Engleheart.
"Spiders"
1839	"Über der Luftschifferei der Spinnen", Neue Notizen aus dem Gebiete der Natur- und Heilkunde, (Froriep's Notizen), 11: cols 505-509 (F1654), translated from pp 187-188 of Journal of researches, 1839.
1873	"Aeronaut spiders", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 40:1437 (F1765).
Spottiswoode, William, 1825-1883.
	Physicist. DNB.
1853	FRS.
1878-1883	PRS.
1882	S was, as PRS, a Pallbearer at CD's funeral.
1882-1883	Chairman, Darwin Memorial Fund.
Sprengel, Christian Konrad, 1750-1816.
	Botanist. Rector of Spandau, but dismissed for neglecting his duties. See J. C. Willis, Nat. Sci., 2, 1893.
1793	Das entdeckte Geheimniss der Natur im Bau und in der Befruchtung der Blumen, Berlin. Although neglected at the time, was seen by CD as being most important.
1841	CD read the book on Robert Brown's recommendation; "full of truth" although "with some little nonsense"; "It may be doubted whether Robert Brown ever planted a more fruitful seed than in putting such a book into such hands"—LLiii 258.
1873	CD to H. Müller, "it is a great satisfaction to me to believe that I have aided in making his excellent book more generally known"—LLiii 281. "Wonderful book"—Barlow, Autobiography 127.

[page] 265

Spring Gardens, London.
	No. 17. Home of Erasmus D.
1831	Sep. CD lodged there whilst preparing for Beagle voyage.
Springfield
	House in Cambridge, home of Sir Richard Jebb.
1883	Feb. ED writes from there—EDii 261.
Squirrels
	The story of young red squirrels mistaking CD for a tree on one of his rounds of the sandwalk is given in Francis D's reminiscences of his father, "their mother barked at them in agony from a tree"—LLi 115. An American illustration for the episode, entirely imaginary, is reproduced in Atkins, pl. 4, 41.
Stack, James West, 1835-1919.
	Missionary in NZ.
1867	S answered Queries about expression on Maoris, receiving the sheets from Haast—Expression p. 20.
1873	Feb. S received inscribed copy of the book.
Stafford, Staffordshire.
1869	Jun. 30 CD stopped at on way back from Barmouth holiday.
Stainton, Henry Tibbats, 1822-1892.
	Entomologist, especially of the micro-lepidoptera. DNB.
1855-1881	CD to and from S, a series of letters on entomological subjects—FUL 106-109.
1867	FRS.
Stanford, Sir Charles Villiers, 1852-1924.
	Composer. DNB.
1880	ED had organ of Trinity College Cambridge chapel played for her by S—EDii 240.
1902	Kt.
Stanhope, Philip Henry [I], 1781-1855.
	4th Earl. Eccentric. Chiefly known for his involvement with the psychotic youth Kaspar Hauser. DNB.
1807	FRS.
1849	"Long ago I dined occasionally with the old Earl. He said one day to me 'Why don't you give up your fiddle-faddle of geology and zoology, and turn to the occult sciences'"—LLi 283.
Stanhope, Philip Henry [II], 1805-1875.
	Historian. 5th Earl, better known by his courtesy title of Viscount Mahon. DNB.
circa 1842	CD dined with S in London and met Macaulay.
1849	CD dined with S at his seat, Chevening, Kent.
1856	CD and Lyell dined with S in London—MLi 94.
Stanley, Edward Henry, 1826-1893.
	Statesman. 15th Earl of Derby, Knowsley Hall.
1882	S was a Pallbearer at CD's funeral.
Stanley, Edward Smith, 1775-1851.
	13th Earl of Derby. S kept a large private menagerie at Knowsley Hall.
1828-1833	President of Linnean Society.
1837	S supported CD's application for a Treasury grant for publishing zoological results of Beagle voyage—LLi 283.
Star Hotel, Princes St, Edinburgh.
1825	Oct. CD and Erasmus Alvey D stayed there briefly before moving into lodgings in Lothian St.

[page] 266

Stauffer, Robert Clinton
	Zoologist of University of Wisconsin, Madison.
1975	S edited and transcribed CD's Charles Darwin's Natural Selection, being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858, Cambridge (F1583).
Stebbing, George James, ?-1860.
	Eldest son of an instrument maker of Portsmouth. Instrument maker and librarian. Private assistant to FR. S was a supernumerary, at Fitz-Roy's expense, on second voyage of Beagle. Worked later at Meteorological Office as optician.
Stebbing, Rev. Thomas Roscoe Rede, 1835-1925.
	Anglican clergyman and naturalist. S was one of the most distinguished of Victorian marine naturalists. Schoolmaster at Wellington College.
1869	Feb. 1 S lectured on Darwinism to Torquay Natural History Society.
	Mar. 3 CD wrote to thank S, "but a clergyman in delivering such an address does...much more good by his power to shake ignorant prejudices"—LLiii 111.
1870	S lectured to same society on Darwinism and the noachian flood.
1870	CD to S, thanking him for a copy of Essays on darwinism, London—Carroll 338.
1881	CD to S, thanking him for a letter on S. Butler affair, Nature, Lond., 23:336.
1896	FRS.
Stecher, Robert M.
	American physician of Cleveland, Ohio.
1961	S transcribed CD's letters to and from Innes, Ann. Sci., 17:201-258.
1969	S transcribed CD's letters to Bates, Ann. Sci., 25:1-47, 95-175. These letters then in S's possession. Letters now at Cleveland Medical Library Association.
Stedman, Rev. Thomas, 1745 Dec. 14-1825 Dec. 5.
	Vicar of St Chad, Shrewsbury.
1809	Nov. 17 baptised CD.
Stephen, Sir Leslie, 1832-1904.
	Biographer and critic. Editor of DNB. Founder of Sunday Walking Club, nicknamed the "Sunday Tramps". DNB.
1880	S was amongst the friends who advised CD to ignore Samuel Butler's attack on him.
1882	Jan. 8 S came to Down House on a Sunday tramp.
1882	S was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
1902	KCB.
Stephens, Catherine, Countess of Essex, 1794-1882.
	Vocalist and actress.
1825	CD heard her in Edinburgh—MLi 6.
1835	Retired.
1838	Married 5th Earl of Essex.
Stephens, James Francis, 1792-1852.
	Entomologist.
[1827]-1826	Author of Illustrations of British entomology, [1827-]1828-1835[-1845], supplement 1846, London, which contains a number of beetle records, and one of a moth, bearing CD's name, mostly from Cambridge and North Wales.
1829	Feb. 23, CD took tea with S, "he appears to be a very good-humoured pleasant little man"—LLi 175.
1832	S sued James Rennie for infringement of copyright; his legal costs of £400 were raised by friends—Darwin-Henslow 79.
1880	CD to Sarah Haliburton (née Owen), "I remember the pride which I felt when I saw in a book about beetles the impressive words 'Captured by C. Darwin'"—LLiii 335.

[page] 267

Stephens, Thomas Selwood
	Innes to CD mentions him in relation to Tegetmeier's design for beehives—Darwin-Innes 210.
1859-1867	Curate at Downe.
1865	S is mentioned about children beating their parents at billiards—EDii 182.
Stereoscopic Company
circa 1881	This company photographed CD, see H. and M. S. J. Engel, Janus, 49:53-66. A copy of one of the pair is in Arten-Bibliothek, University of Amsterdam.
Stevens, Thomas, 1809-1888.
	Warden and founder of Bradfield College, Berkshire.
1839	Married 1 Caroline Tollet.
1839	Josiah Wedgwood [II] gave a piano to ED, as a wedding present ?which had been his property.
1839	Feb. 4 Mrs Josiah W to ED, "Mr. Stevens is now below strumming upon our old affair"—EDi 30.
1863	Innes to CD mentions S—Darwin-Innes 216.
Stevenson, Elizabeth Cleghorn, 1810-1865.
	Novelist, Mrs Gaskell. CD's second cousin. Daughter of Rev. William S.
Stevenson, Rev. William
	Father of Elizabeth Cleghorn S. Unitarian minister. Married Eliza Willett.
Stewart, Lady Caroline
	Second daughter of ?2nd Marquis of Londonderry. Sister to FR's mother. Married Col. Thomas Wood. Mother of A. C. and T. Wood.
Stewart, Peter Benson, 1808-?
	Mate on 2nd voyage of Beagle. CD spells "Stuart".
Stirling, Scotland.
1827	CD visited on a spring tour.
Stoddart, D. R.
1962	S transcribed CD's mss notes on coral islands, Atoll Research Bull., No. 88, 20 pp.
Stoke d'Abernon, Upcott, Surrey.
1795-1800	Home of Josiah Wedgwood [II].
Stokes, Francis Griffin, 1852/1853-?
	Historian and bibliographer of Windsor, Berkshire.
1878	CD to S, on intonations of young children—Carroll 541.
George Gabriel Stokes, 1819-1903(Sir George Stokes).
	Mathematician and physicist, Lucasian Professor of mathematics, Cambridge University, 1849-1903. Secretary of the Royal Society of London, 1854-85; president, 1885-90. President of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1869. Conservative M.P. for Cambridge University, 1887-91. Master of Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1902-3. Created baronet, 1889. FRS 1851. Corresponded with CD.
Stokes, John Lort, 1812-1885.
	Naval Officer. S served on all three voyages of Beagle. Was mate and Assistant Surveyor on 2nd voyage. Commanded at end of 3rd, during which he was speared by aborigines. After 18 years, a record, on Beagle, surveyed New Zealand and the English Channel. Nearly became Hydographer. DNB.
1838	CD saw in London.
1846	Author of Discoveries in Australia.
1864	Rear Admiral.
1877	Admiral.
1882	Apr. 27 S letter in The Times, printed immediately after report on CD's funeral, about CD's seasickness. CD would say "Old fellow I must take the horizontal for it". "It was distressing to witness this early sacrifice of Mr. Darwin's health, who ever afterwards seriously felt the ill-effects of the Beagle's voyage".
1883	Apr. 25 S letter in The Times on CD—LLi 224.
Stonehenge, Wiltshire.
1877	Jun. CD visited from Southampton.
"Stoney field"
	Great Pucklands was so-called by the Ds because of the large number of surface flints, due to recent ploughing. See Pucklands.
Stowe, Darwin,  fl. 1638.
	Named after his great-grandfather Henry Darwin.
1667	Married Ann Brown of Gainsborough, Lincs.
"Strawberries"
1862	"Cross-breeds of strawberries", J. Hort., 3:672 (Bii 70, F1720).

[page] 268

Strickland, Hugh Edwin, 1811-1853.
	Naturalist. DNB.
1842	Author of Strickland code of zoological nomenclature, published by British Association.
1849	CD to S, on difficulties in nomenclature in relation to his barnacle work—LLi 372, MLi 68.
1852	FRS.
1853	S was killed by a train.
Strickland, Sefton West, 1839-1910.
	Barrister. Cambridge friend of William Erasmus D. S was often at Down House.
1882	S was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Stringer, Mary, ?-1768.
	Daughter of Rev. Samuel Stringer. Married Thomas Wedgwood [III]. CD's great grandmother.
Stringer, Samuel
	Unitarian minister of Newcastle under Lyme. Father of Mary S.
"Struggle for existence"
1859	"We will now discuss in a little more detail the struggle for existence"—Origin, ch. 3. The phrase was used by Malthus in relation to social competition.
1966	Williams-Ellis 1966 p. 147 in quotes gives "The contented face of nature hides a never ceasing war" as being from CD and Wallace 1858 Linn. Soc., but it is a paraphrase, not a quote.
"Struggle for Life"
1859	Phrase first used in title of Origin.
Strutt, John William, Baron Rayleigh, 1843-1919.
	Physicist. Cambridge friend of CD's sons.
1873	3rd Baron FRS.
1879-1884	Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics.
1882	S was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
1908-1919	Chancellor.
1904	Nobel Prize Physics.
Strzelecki, Count Paul Edmund, 1796-1873.
	Australian explorer. The title was from his Polish ancestry. DNB.
1853	FRS.
1856	CD to Hooker, S was on election committee of Athenaeum, and CD proposed to speak to him about election of Huxley—MLi 89 (misspelt "Strezlecki").
1869	KCMG.
Stuart & Huntsman
	CD's tailor.
Stuart, Catherine, ?-1797.
	Married as first wife Sir James Mackintosh.
Stuart, Ch. E. Sobieski, Count d'Albanie
	CD Autobiography pp. 71-82 "Dr Wallich gave me a collection of photographs he had made, and I was struck with the resemblance of one to Fitz-Roy; on looking at the name I found it Ch. E. Sobieski Stuart, Count d'Albanie, illigitimate descendant of the same monarch [Charles II]".
Stutchbury, Samuel, 1797-1859.
	Curator Bristol Philosophical Institution. Provided CD with much material for Barnacles—L.Harrison Matthews 1982 Notes and Records Roy. Soc. 36:261-6.
Sudbrooke Park, Petersham, Surrey.
	Water cure establishment run by Dr Richard James Lane with Edward Wickstead Lane as physician. ?Moved from Moor Park. A golf clubhouse in 1978.
1860	Jun. CD at—LLii 256, 324.
Suess, Eduard, 1831-1914.
	Austrian palaeontologist.
1871	CD to S, on his election as Foreign Corresponding Member of Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna—Carroll 397.
Sulivan, Sir Bartholomew James, 1810-1890.
	Naval Officer. Joined FR on 1st voyage of Beagle. 2nd Lieutenant on 2nd voyage of Beagle. Chief Naval Officer at Board of Trade. Biography 1896: H. N. Sulivan (son) Life and letters of S, London Murray. DNB.
	S made enquiries for CD on feral cattle and horses—J. Researches 1845 ch. ix.
1840	S called on CD—J. A. Sulivan, great grandson, Mariners Mirror 1979 65:76—Lois Darling Mariners Mirror 1978 64:325.
1849	S ranched and traded in Falkland Is.
1850	S was visited in Falkland Is by Huxley.
1863	Rear Admiral.
1867	S persuaded CD to subscribe to South American Missionary Society's orphanage in Tierra del Fuego—LLiii 127.
1869	KCB.
1870	Vice Admiral.
1877	Admiral.
1885	Jun. 9 S was present at unveiling of statue of CD in British Museum (Natural History).
Sumner, John Bird, 1780-1862.
	J. M. Smith said CD was influenced by S's view that the divinity of Christ was shown to be true because of the rapidity with which it was adopted in the western world—B.B.C. 1979 Sep. 23.
1816	Treatise on the records of creation.
1821	The evidence of christianity derived from its nature and reception—Gruber, Darwin on man pp. 124-8
1828-1848	Bishop of Chester.
1848-	Archbishop of Canterbury.
Sunday Society
1875	Aug. 6 founded. CD founder member and one of a long list of Vice Presidents which included Huxley, Erasmus A. D. and H. Spencer. CD donated £2.2.0 but did not subscribe. Object "to obtain the opening of museums, art galleries, aquariums and gardens on Sundays"—Sunday Rev. 1876 Oct. 1 p. 68.
"Sunday Tramps
"	An intellectual walking club, technically called the Sunday Walking Club, organized by Leslie Stephen.
1882	They dined at Down House, and perhaps other occasions.

[page] 269

Surman, F. W.
1881	Secretary to Erasmus Alvey D. After EAD's death, Aug. 26, CD wrote to about some post at British Museum (Natural History)—Carroll 607, 608.
Surtees, Harriet, see Allen.
Surtees, Rev. Matthew, ?-1827.
	Rector of North Cerney, Wiltshire. "The family greatly disliked Mr. Surtees, and he appears to have been jealous, ill-tempered, and tyrannical"—EDi 4.
1799	Married Harriet Allen d.s.p.
1816	Mrs Josiah Wedgwood to her sister Frances Allen "the most incomparably disagreeable man I ever saw"—EDi 86.
1824	Mrs Josiah Wedgwood to her sister Madame Sismondi, "Harriet is positively very much attached to him incredible as it may seem...he is a dying man"—EDi 158.
"Survival of the Fittest"
1859	"The expression often used by Mr. Herbert Spencer of the survival of the fittest is more accurate and is sometimes equally convenient"—Origin, ch. 3.
Sutcliffe, Thomas, ?1790-1849.
1834	Aug. 28 CD to RF "I have met a strange genius a Major Sutcliffe" who had sent a book of old voyages of the Straits of Magellan to Mr Caldcleugh for RF—Keynes p. 235.
Sutton, S.
?1871	CD to A. D. Bartlett, S was a keeper at the Zoological Society of London's Gardens, Regent's Park, who made many observations on monkeys for Expression.
Swainson, William, 1789-1855.
	Cabinet naturalist. S was a proponent of the quinary system of Macleay in classification. DNB.
1820	FRS.
1844	CD to Hooker, "I feel a laudable doubt and disinclination to believe any statement of Swainson"—MLi 403.
Swale, William, 1816-1875.
	Gardener from Norfolk.
1857	Went to Christchurch NZ and became prosperous nurseryman.
1858	CD to S on introduced plants. To CD with four honeybees stuck to letter. CD sent it to Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. and Gardeners' Chronicle extracts on p. 829 after CD's paper "On the agency of bees".
Swanage, Dorset.
1847	Jul. CD had family holiday at.
Swedish
	First editions in:
1869	Origin of species (F793).
1872	Journal of researches (F259).
1872	Descent of man (F1136).
1959	Autobiography (F1546).
Swift, Rev. Benjamin, 1819-?1833.
	Married Georgina Elizabeth Darwin. Father of Francis Darwin S.
1857-1874	Vicar of Birkdale, Lancashire.
Swift, Francis Darwin, 1864-?
	Second son of Benjamin S and Georgina Elizabeth Darwin. CD's half-cousin.
circa 1920	S compiled and had printed as a broadsheet Some collateral ancestors of Erasmus Darwin; this takes the ancestry back to Isaac II, Angelus, Eastern Emperor 1185-1204, in skeleton form. The male D line only goes back to 1644.
Swift, Georgina Elizabeth, see Darwin.
Swinhoe, Robert, 1836-1877.
	Ornithologist and consular official in China.
1866	CD to P. L. Sclater, S had written to CD about common domestic duck of China.
1867	CD sent S Queries about expression, which S had printed in Notes and Queries for China and Japan, 1:105.
1871	Feb. S visited Down House.
1876	FRS.

[page] 270

Sydney, New South Wales.
1836	Jan. 12 Beagle arrived at Port Jackson and anchored in Sydney Cove. CD made short expedition to Bathurst.
	Jan. 30 Beagle left for Tasmania.
Sykes, William Henry, 1790-1872.
	Soldier and naturalist.
1834	FRS.
1849	CD travelled with S to British Association meeting at Birmingham.
1859	CD to S, recommending Edward Blyth for position as naturalist on China expedition.
Symonds, Hyacinth
	Daughter of William Samuel S. Married 1 Sir William Jardine, Bart.
1876	Married 2 Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker.
Symonds, Mary Anne Theresa, 1784-1850.
	Daughter of Capt. Thomas S. Breeder of silkworms. Referred to in Variation.
1806	Married Capt. John Whitby.
1846	CD met W at meeting of British Association, Southampton.
1846 or 1847, 1849	CD to.
1849	A manual for rearing silkworms, London—Colp 1972 Bull. N.Y. Acad. Med. 481870-6.
Symonds, Sir William, 1782-1856.
	Naval Officer. DNB.
1832-1847	Surveyor of the Navy.
1835	FRS.
1837	Kt.
1848	Jul. CD went in S's yacht from Swanage to Poole—Journal.
1854	Rear-Admiral.
Symonds, Rev. William Samuel, 1818-1887.
	Anglican clergyman and geologist. Father of Hyacinth S. Rector of Pendock, Worcestershire. DNB.
1835	FRS.
1860	CD to Lyell, refers to letter from S on imperfections of geological record—MLi 170.

[page 271]

T

Tahiti
	Society Islands, British Colony, later French.
1835	Nov. 15/16 Beagle arrived, having crossed the dateline as it was then and lost a day. Anchored in Matuvai Bay. Missionaries were most hospitable.
	Nov. 18 CD landed at Papeete and had a short inland expedition, returned Nov. 20.
	Nov. 25 Queen Pomare IV entertained on board.
	Nov. 26 Beagle sailed for New Zealand.
1836	"A letter containing remarks on the moral state of Tahiti, New Zealand &c.", S. Afr. Christian Recorder, 2:221-238 (F1640). CD's first publication, except for beetle records in Stephens.
Tait, Robert Lawson, 1845-1899.
	There are eight letters from CD to T at Shrewsbury School—N&R 79-82.
1871-1893	Surgeon and gynaecologist at Hospital for diseases of women, Birmingham .
1875	CD to T, about use of tails for sensory purposes by mice—MLi 358.
1875	Apr. 18 T stayed at Down House—Carroll 465.
1876	T reviewed 2nd edition of Variation in Spectator, Mar. 4—MLi 363.
1880	Jul. 19 CD sent T £25 "for your scientific fund in Birmingham"—N&R 82.
1881	T to CD, T had spoken strongly in favour of Origin in his physiology lectures at Midland Institute, and inviting CD to visit Birmingham—unpublished letter.
Tait, William Chester, 1844-1928.
	Botanist. T was resident at Oporto. He provided CD with specimens of Drosophyllum for Insectivorous plants, after Hooker had been unable to get them. CD wrote to thank T—MLii 381.
Talandier, Pierre Theodore Alfred
	Prof. French Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.
1860	CD to Quatrefages, T wanted to translate Origin into French—Carroll 193.
Tara
	A cob at Down House, used for the coach. "Was only seen to be moving by reference to the hedges."—Bernard D p. 13. The coachman pronounced him "tearer". T died when ED was 87.
Tasker, Mrs
1873	T let lodgings in Downe.
Tasmania
1836	Feb. 5-17 Beagle at Storm Bay. CD made short inland journeys.
Taylor, Elizabeth
	Daughter of John T.
1766	Married Thomas Wedgwood [V].
Taylor, John
	Master potter of Hill Top works, Burslem. Father of Elizabeth T.
Tearle, W.
	Of St Neot's, Cambridgeshire.
1880	CD to T, cannot help with his religious doubts.

[page] 272

"Teasel"
1877	Note to Mr Francis Darwin's paper, Quart. J. Micr. Sci., 17:272 (F1777). Francis D, "On the protrusion of protoplasmic filaments from the glandular hairs on the leaves of the common teasel" (Dipsacus sylvestris), ibid., 17:245-277.
1877	[Letter] "The contractile filaments of the teasel", Nature, Lond., 16:339 (Bii 205, F1778).
Teesdale, Mr
1880	T took Down Hall—Darwin-Innes 248.
1880	Romanes to CD mentions him twice in relation to death of Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood—Life of Romanes 99, 100.
1881	Jul. 23 Romanes spent day with T at Down Hall and called on CD, the last time they met.
1887	T was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Tegetmeier, William Bernhard, 1816-1912.
	Ornithologist and poultry fancier. T helped CD extensively with information for Variation. T is mentioned in Origin and Descent—biography E. W. Richardson, son-in-law, 1916 esp. ch. x.
1855-1881	"Correspondence began in 1855, and lasted to 1881"—LLii 57.
1855	CD visited T at Wood Green, Middlesex.
1887	T called on ED at Down House.
before 1912	Over 160 letters CD to T sold in USA.
Tenby, South Wales.
	South Cliff House. Home of four Allen sisters:
1827	Harriet Surtees after death of husband 1827.
1842	Jessie Sismondi after death of husband 1842.
1843	Emma and Frances Allen after death of John Hensleigh Allen 1843.
"Tendency of Species to Form varieties"
	The details of the preparation and publication of this fundamental paper are given in LLi 115-138.
1858	"On the tendency of species to form varieties, and on the perpetuation of varieties and species by natural means of selection", by Charles Darwin...and Alfred Wallace, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., 3, No. 9:1-62 (Bii 3, F1699). Communicated by Lyell and Hooker, Tuesday Jul. 1.
	See also Zoologist, 16:6263-6308 (F349).
	First foreign editions:
1870	German (F365).
1939	Russian (F370).
1960	Italian (F368).
Teneriffe, Canary Islands.
	See also Canary Islands.
1832	Jan. 7 Beagle anchored there, but CD could not land there because of quarantine regulations.
Tennyson, Alfred, Baron, 1809-1892.
	Poet. EB DNB.
1849	In memoriam contains the idea of a struggle for existence.
1868	Summer, T called on CD several times at Freshwater, Isle of Wight. T "did not greatly charm or interest either my father or mother"—EDii 190.
1884	1st Baron.
circa 1885	T to Dr Grove, "I don't want you to go away with a wrong impression. The fact is that long before Darwin's work appeared these ideas were known and talked about"—Poulton, Darwin and the Origin 9.

[page] 273

"Termites"
1874	"Recent researches on termites and honey bees", Nature, Lond., 9:308-309 (Bii 182, F1768), introducing a letter from Fritz Müller.
"Terrestrial Planariae"
1844	"Brief descriptions of several terrestrial planariae and of some remarkable marine species, with an account of their habits", Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 14:241-251 (Bi 182, F1669).
Thackeray, Anne Isabella, 1837-1919.
	Daughter of William Makepeace T. Novelist.
1877	Married Richmond Ritchie, her first cousin.
1881 or 1882	T visited Down House, "a most amusing and pleasant person"—MLii 448.
1882	T was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Theory of Descent
1875-1876	Studien zur Descendenz-Theorie, Leipzig. The original does not contain CD's notice.
1882	August Weismann, Studies in the theory of descent, 2 vols, London; prefatory notice by CD v-vi (F1414); translated from German by Raphael Meldola, with notes and additions by the author.
1939	Foreign edition, of CD's notice only: Russian (F1415).
Thiel, Dr Hugo, 1839-1918.
1869	CD to T, thanking for pamphlet Über einige Formen der Landwirtschaftlichen Genossenschaften. T was at Agricultural Station, Poppelsdorf. "You apply to moral and social questions analogous views to those which I have used in regard to modification of species"—LLiii 112.
Thierry, Charles Philip Hippolytus, Baron de, 1793-1864.
	French refugee and colonist. DNB.
1845	CD to Henslow on T's death, "King of Nukahiva and Sovereign Chief of New Zealand. I wonder what has become of his wretched wife"—Darwin-Henslow 154. The date of the letter is correct but DNB states that T died in 1864.
"This is the Question"
1838	CD's notes on whether or not to marry. Mss at Cambridge University Library is so headed. Written at 36 Great Marlborough St. Text printed in Barlow, Autobiography, 231-234. Sydney Smith [II] has suggested that they were scribbled down in ED's presence, whilst flirting; if so, before Nov. 12, when they became engaged.
Thomas, William Rees, 1887-1978.
	Physician and psychiatrist.
1944-1947	Medical Superintendent Rampton.
1948	Married Ruth Frances Darwin as second wife.
1950	CB.
"Thompson"
1858	"Thompson of Calcutta"—LLii 113 see Thomas Thomson.
Thompson, Mr
1880	A resident at Downe, "affected by the creeping palsy"—Darwin-Innes 248.
Thompson, Mr
	?A nurseryman—MLii 301.
1881	CD to Thiselton-Dyer, on plants with different-coloured anthers. CD had written to T for seed of Clarkia elegans.

[page] 274

Thompson, Sir Harry Stephen Meysey, Bart, 1809-1874.
	Brother of Thomas Charles T. Agriculturalist. DNB.
1834	"The two Thompsons of Trinity", Cambridge friend of CD—LLi 256.
1859-1865	MP for Whitby.
1874	1st Bart.
Thompson, James D'Arcy Wentworth, 1860-1948.
	Zoologist. DNB.
1883	T translated Hermann Müller, Die Befruchtung der Blumen durch Insekten, Leipzig 1873, as The fertilisation of flowers, London, with preface by CD vii-x (F1883); see LLiii 275.
1884-1917	Prof. Natural History Dundee.
1916	FRS.
1950	Foreign translation, CD's preface only: Russian (F1433).
Thompson, Thomas Charles, 1811-1885.
	Brother of H. S. M. Thompson.
1834	"The two Thompsons of Trinity", Cambridge friend of CD—LLi 256.
1848-1885	Rector of Ripley, Surrey.
Thompson, William, 1805-1852.
	Naturalist and linen draper of Belfast. DNB.
1849	CD to H. Strickland, T "who is fierce for the law of priority"—LLi 370.
1851	CD in introduction to Living Cirripedia, "The distinguished Natural Historian of Ireland".
Thomson, Sir Charles Wyville, 1830-1882.
	Biologist. T held several chairs in Ireland. DNB.
1869	FRS.
1870 on	Prof. Natural History Edinburgh.
1872	Director of scientific staff on the Challenger and edited results.
1876	Kt.
1880	T wrote anti-evolution introduction to the Challenger results: "The character of the abyssal fauna refuses to give the least support to the theory which refers the evolution of species to extreme variation guided only by Natural Selection"—MLi 388.
1880	Letter by CD, Sir Wyville Thomson and natural selection, Nature, Lond., 23:32 (Bii 223, F1789), in which CD severely castigates T, "standard of criticism not uncommonly reached by theologians and metaphysicians", see also MLi 388. CD omitted, on advice from Huxley, "for, as Prof. Sedgwick remarked many years ago, in reference to the poor old Dean of York, who was never weary of enveighing against geologists, a man who talks about what he does not in the least understand is invulnerable".
Thomson, Thomas, 1817-1878.
	Physician and botanist in India. T held botanical appointments in Calcutta.
1855	FRS.
1858	T to CD, about "what heat our temperate plants can endure"—LLii 113, spelt "Thompson".
1860	T to CD, anti-Origin, but kindly.
1860	May 15 "He is evidently a strong opposer to us".
1863	CD to Hooker, about T's views on inheritance of acquired characters; CD wrote on "foreign paper" for forwarding—MLi 233.

[page] 275

Thomson, Sir William, Baron Kelvin, 1824-1907.
	Physicist. K was amongst the most distinguished astronomical physicists of his day, but was quite wrong about the age of the earth. EB DNB.
1851	FRS.
1846-1899	Prof. Natural Philosophy Glasgow.
1866	Kt.
1869	CD to Hooker, "I feel a conviction that the world will be found rather older than Thomson makes it"—MLi 314.
1890	PRS.
1892	1st Baron Kelvin of Largs.
1902	OM.
Thorley, Miss
1850-1856	Governess at Down House "for many years", certainly from 1850-1856, when she was replaced by Miss Pugh.
1851	T was present at Malvern when Anne Elizabeth D died.
1855	T helped CD with studies of wild plants—Allan 154.
1882	T was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Thwaites, George Henry Kendrick, 1811-1882.
	Botanist and microscopist. T was a frequent correspondent, especially on dimorphic flowers—Carroll 293, 295, 297. DNB. See also Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), hist Ser., 4:4:205-219, 1972.
1847	CD met at British Association meeting in Oxford—Carroll 118.
1849 on	Director of Botanic Garden Peradeniya, Ceylon.
1860	T was originally anti-Origin, but was coming round—LLii 347, MLi 144, Darwin-Gray 90.
1865	FRS.
1867	Oct. 26 CD sent T printed Queries about expression. T provided information about elephants for Expression—Carroll 325, 342, 358.
Tierra del Fuego, Argentine/Chile.
	Group of islands at southern tip of South America. See also Boat Memory, York Minster, Jemmy Button, Fuegia Basket, Richard Matthews, Thomas Bridges.
1834	Feb. 12-Mar. 12, Jun. 9-12 Beagle surveyed there, CD several times ashore.
Times
	Mail coach from London to Cambridge.
1829	CD to W. D. Fox, CD had travelled by—LLi 174.
Times, The
	London newspaper.
1785	Jan. 1 founded as Daily Universal Register.
1859	CD to Lyell, "the greatest newspaper in the world"—Carroll 182.
1863	CD to Gray, "The Times is getting more detestable (but that is too weak a word) than ever [on slavery]. My good wife wishes to give it up, but I tell her that is a pitch of heroism to which only a woman is equal. To give up the 'Bloody Old Times', as Cobbett used to call it, would be to give up meat, drink and air"—LLiii 11.
Timirazev, Kliment Arkadeevich
	Botanist. Prof. Botany Moscow. T wrote several books on darwinism and published memories of his visit. See J. A. Rogers, Isis, 64:498-501, 1973.
1877	T visited Down House and had a two-hour talk with CD.
1878	CD to Dyer, suggesting that D should get in touch with T about equipping physiological laboratories "who seemed so good a fellow"—MLii 417.
1920	U. Darvina v Daune, Nauka demokratiia, 105.

[page] 276

"Tineina"
1860	"Do the Tineina or other small moths suck flowers, and if so what flowers?", Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer, 8:103 (Bii 35, F1708).
Tollet, Caroline, ?-1840.
	Daughter of George T.
1839	Married Thomas Stevens.
Tollet, Charles
	Son of George T. T changed his name to Wicksted on inheriting Shakenhurst, Worcestershire. Sporting and family friend of CD.
Tollet, Ellen, ?-1890 Jan.
	Daughter of George T. She was a life-long friend of ED.
1883	ED visited.
1890	"This death cuts off my last link with past life"—EDii 287.
Tollet, George, né Embury, 1767-1855.
	Agricultural reformer of Betley Hall, Staffordshire. Close friend of Josiah Wedgwood [II]. T assumed the surname on inheriting Betley from his cousin Charles T. T's wife was a very strict calvinist. Three or more daughters, one son. The children were personal friends of ED and CD from childhood.
1816	John Wedgwood lost his fortune in a crisis at Davison's Bank, of which he was a partner. T let him have a house on his estate at a low rate "for the pleasure of their society"—EDi 102.
1839	T answered Questions about the breeding of animals—J. Soc. Biblphy. Nat. Hist., 5:220-225, 1969.
Tollet, Georgina
	Daughter of George T.
1826	Lost an arm through an abscess.
1859	CD asked John Murray to send mss of chapters 1-3 of Origin for her to read. She finally read whole mss. T was then of 14 Queen Anne St, London. "The lady, being an excellent judge of style, is going to look out for errors for me"—LLii 156. "One lady who has read all my MS, has found only two or three obscure sentences"—LLii 157.
1881	T wrote Country conversations, London privately printed.
Tollet, Marianne
	Daughter of George T. Married William Clive.
Tommy
	A quiet cob which CD rode for his health on Bence Jones's recommendation.
1868	CD took T to Isle of Wight by train—Nature, Lond., 7:360, 1873.
1869	Apr. T stumbled and rolled on CD on Keston Common, bruising him badly.
	26 Sep. he had been riding when Anton Dohrn visited Down House.—EDii 195, Carroll 369.
Tony
	A male dog owned by Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood [II].
1880	When she died, he was taken over by CD.
Torbitt, James
	Agriculturalist of Belfast.
1876-1878	CD, with Farrer and Caird, subscribed to keep his work on potato blight going. CD to Farrer on the matter—LLiii 348.
1878	CD to T, pessimistic on same subject—MLi 373.

[page] 277

Torquay, Devon.
1861	Jul. 1-Aug. 26 CD had family holiday at. CD made observations on flight paths of male humble bees there.
Tower House, see Trowmers.
Travers, William Thomas Locke, 1819-1903.
	Botanist. T to CD on natural hybridization in plants—S. H. Jenkinson N.Z. Centennial Surveys 1940 xii p. 121.
1849	Went to Nelson, NZ.
Treat, Mrs Mary, 1830-1923.
	Of New Jersey, USA. Provided information on Dionaea for Insectivorous plants—Amer. Nat., Dec. 1873:715.
Trimen, Roland, 1840-1916.
	Entomologist. Civil servant in South Africa. Poulton, Darwin and the Origin, 213-246, which prints the letters. WWH.
1859	T's reminiscences of CD, "I...saw Darwin in the Bird Galleries...A clerical friend with me, also a naturalist...echoed White's warning by indicating Darwin as 'the most dangerous man in England'".
1863	"On the fertilisation of Disa grandiflora", J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.), 7:144, written by CD from T's notes.
1863-1871	Eighteen letters from CD to T, on orchids and on evolutionary problems in the Lepidoptera.
1867	Dec. T stayed at Down House.
1868	Mar. T lunched with CD at 4 Chester Terrace, London house of Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood [II].
1883	FRS.
Tristram, Henry Baker, 1822-1906.
	Anglican clergyman and ornithologist. DNB.
1859	T at first accepted Origin, but was later against.
1860	T to Newton, "The infallibility of the God Darwin and prophet Huxley"—Life of Newton 122.
1868	FRS.
"Trotty", or "Trotty Veck"
	Childhood nickname of Henrietta Emma D.
Trowmers
	House at Luxted Rd., Downe, north of Down House, earlier known as Trowmer or Trowmer Lodge, and later as Tower House, named after original family who owned it.
1868-1880	Taken by Sarah Elizabeth Wedgwood [II] and where she died in 1880.
Truelove, Edward, 1809-1899.
	Publisher and socialist.
1871	Published R. D. Owen's Moral physiology, London ? edition of 1871, on contraception.
1878	T was convicted in High Court for publishing Moral physiology.
1878	CD to a son of T, unable to sign a memorial against the conviction because he had not heard of T before the trial—Carroll 539.
"Truttle's" (Truettel's & Wurz and Richter).
	A London bookseller. 30 Soho Square.
1833	Henslow to CD, "I will ask your brother to enquire at Truttle's for Cuvier, Anatomie des mollusques, Paris 1817—Darwin-Henslow 67.
Tuamotu Archipelago
	Pacific Island group, also known as Dangerous or Low Archipelago. Fitz-Roy spells "Tuaamotu", with chart in appendix to Vol. 2 of Narrative.
1835	Nov. 9-13 Beagle sailed through on way to Tahiti, charting two new islands, but did not stop.

[page] 278

Tuckwell, W., 1829-1919.
	Anglican clergyman and schoolmaster.
1860	T was present at Oxford British Association meeting and wrote it up in Reminiscences of Oxford, 50, 1900—MLi 157.
Turkish
	First editions in:
1968	Descent of man (F1137).
1970	Origin of species (F796).
Turnbull, Catherine, see Mackintosh.
Turnbull, G. H.
	Married Catherine Mackintosh [III] as second husband.
Turner, Dawson, 1775-1858.
	Banker, naturalist and botanist. Father of Maria Sarah T.
1803	FRS.
Turner, Edward Francis, 1850 Apr. 12-1933 Aug 22.
	T was for many years solicitor to D family. See W. M. Hacon.
Turner, James Farley, ?-1841.
1826	Christ's College Cambridge. A Cambridge friend of CD.
1834-1841	Vicar of Kidderminster, Worcestershire.
Turner, Maria Sarah, 1797-1872.
	Eldest daughter of Dawson Turner. Mother of  J. D. Hooker.
1815	Married Sir William Jackson Hooker. 2 sons, 3 daughters.
Turner, Sir William, 1832-1916.
	Physician. CD met at Royal Society. CD sent T 4th edition of Origin—MLii 37. DNB.
1866	T supplied much information for Descent.
1867-1903	Prof. Anatomy Edinburgh.
1871	T to CD, pointed out CD's confusion of intercondyloid foramen in the humerus with the supracondyloid, in Descent, i 28—MLii 105.
1877	FRS.
1901	KCB.
1903-1916	Principal University of Edinburgh.
Tyke
1881	A male family dog at Down House.
Tyler, Anne, ?-1855.
	Daughter of Sir George T of Cottrels, Glamorganshire.
1836	Married Thomas Josiah Wedgwood.
Tyler, Helen Mary
1866	Married John Darwin Wedgwood.
Tylor, Sir Edward Burnett, 1832-1917.
	Anthropologist. DNB.
1871	FRS.
1871	CD to T, on receiving a copy of T's book Primitive culture—LLiii 151.
1884-	Reader in Anthropology Oxford.
1896	Prof.
1912	Kt.
Tyndall, John, 1820-1893.
	Physicist. T was a distinguished scientific popularizer. DNB.
1852	FRS.
1864	CD to Hooker, "I am sorry to hear that Tyndall has grown dogmatic. H. Wedgwood was saying the other day that T's writing and speaking gave him the idea of intense conceit. I hope it is not so for he is a grand man of science"—MLii 155.
1867-1887	Superintendent of Royal Institution.
1868	Oct. 24 T stayed the night at Down House with Gray and the Hookers.
1874	Lyell to CD, congratulating him of T's Presidential Address to British Association at Belfast, "you and your theory of evolution may be fairly said to have had an ovation"—LLii 455. The Address with additions published London 1874, also in Fragments of science, 2 vols, 6 edition 1879.
1882	T was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.

[page] 279

Tyndall, John, 1820-1893.
	Physicist. T was a distinguished scientific popularizer. DNB.
1852	FRS.
1864	CD to Hooker, "I am sorry to hear that Tyndall has grown dogmatic. H. Wedgwood was saying the other day that T's writing and speaking gave him the idea of intense conceit. I hope it is not so for he is a grand man of science"—MLii 155.
1867-1887	Superintendent of Royal Institution.
1868	Oct. 24 T stayed the night at Down House with Gray and the Hookers.
1874	Lyell to CD, congratulating him of T's Presidential Address to British Association at Belfast, "you and your theory of evolution may be fairly said to have had an ovation"—LLii 455. The Address with additions published London 1874, also in Fragments of science, 2 vols, 6 edition 1879.
1882	T was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.

[page 280]

U

Ukrainian
	First editions in:
1936	Origin of species (F797).
1949	Autobiography (F1547).
Ullswater
1881	Jun. 2-Jul. 4 CD with ED, William E. D., Henrietta Emma D and Bernard D spent holiday at Glenrhydding (= Glenridding) House, near Patterdale, Cumberland, on shores of Ullswater; CD's last holiday—H. P. Moon 1982 Arch. Nat. Hist. 10:509-14.
Union Bank of London
1873	CD banked with—1979 Sotheby Jun. 18 a £50 cheque to Sydney Sales.
Unione
	Publisher of Turin.
1871-1888	Published eleven first Italian editions of CD's works.
1875	Also 2nd Italian edition of Origin of species.
United States of America
	First editions published in:
1846	Journal of researches (F16).
1860	Origin of Species (F377).
1868	Variation under domestication (F879).
1871	Descent of man (F941).
1872	Expression of the emotions (F1143).
1875	Insectivorous plants (F1220).
1876	Climbing plants (F838).
1877	Fertilisation of orchids (F802).
1877	Cross and self fertilisation (F1250).
1877	Different forms of flowers (F1278).
1880	Erasmus Darwin (F1320).
1881	Movement in plants (F1327).
1882	Vegetable mould and worms (F1363).
1887	Life and letters (F1456).
1889	Coral reefs (F278).
1891	Volcanic islands and South America (F283).
1903	More letters (F1549).
1956	Biographical sketch of an infant (F1306).
1975	Zoology of the voyage of the Beagle, Part V, Reptiles only (F9a).
Upper Gower Street, London.
	No. 12, later 110 Gower St., first home of CD and ED on marriage. They called it Macaw Cottage from the gaudy curtains. It was rented furnished, with a long thin garden backing on to Gower Mews North, later Malet Place.
	Staff: Gardener, Williams; Menservants, Edward, Jordan, Parslow.
1838	Dec. 31 CD moved in.
1839	Jan. 29 ED moved in.
	William Erasmus D and Anne Elizabeth D were born there.
1842	Sep. 14 ED left for Down House.
	Sep. 16 CD left.
	For many years the house was part of Messrs Schoolbred's warehouse system.
1904	Dec. 13 the original plaque was put up.
1941	It was bombed 1941 and not repaired.
1961	Site now part of Biological Sciences building of University College London, which bears the London County Council blue plaque to "Charles Darwin Naturalist", which was originally on the house. The present plaque with different wording was put up 1961. Garden part of Foster Court car park in 1978.
Upper House, Barlaston, Staffordshire.
1847	Built as home of Francis Wedgwood.
Ur-hund, see Polly.

[page] 281

Usborne, Alexander Burns, 1809-?1887.
	Known as "Jimmy". Master's Assistant on 2nd voyage of Beagle. Went on 3rd voyage. Surveyed New Zealand for FR. Fitz-Roy, J. R. Geogr. Soc., 6:311-343, 1836.
1835	U took command of small schooner Constitution and surveyed the whole coast of Peru, after Beagle had left for Galapagos Islands.
1836	Oct. U returned to England via Cape Horn.
1836	Before Nov. the boat was then sold.
1840	Called on CD in London
1867	Captain.
1887	U was alive—LLi 221.

[page 282]

V

Valdivia, Chile.
1835	Feb. 8-20 Beagle at.
	Feb. 20 earthquake. CD was on board and Fitz-Roy in the town.
Vale Cottage
	Perhaps W. D. Fox's family home at Osmaston near Derby.
1835	CD to W. D. F., from Lima, mentions it.
Valparaiso, Chile.
1834	Jul. 22 Beagle arrived at.
	Aug. 14-Sep. 27 CD stayed ashore and made expedition inland.
	CD then ill until end Oct., when Beagle returned and set out for Chiloe.
1835	Mar. 11 Beagle at again.
"Van John"
	University slang for vingt-et-un, a card game.
1829	CD to W. D. Fox, from Cambridge, "A little of Gibbon's History in the morning, and a good deal of Van John in the evening"—LLi 176.
1880	CD to J. M. Herbert mentions V, again in italic—Notes and Records, 23:73.
Variation Under Domestication
1867-1869	Title in Russian [On the origin of species. Section I. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. The domestication of animals and the cultivation of plants], St Petersburg, translated from English corrected proofs by V. O. Kovalevskii; issued in 7 parts, of which 1-4 appeared in 1867, preceding the 1st English edition (F925).
1868	The variation of animals and plants under domestication, 2 vols, London (F877), 1st issue Jan., 4 lines errata in Vol. 1, 7 in Vol. 2.
	2nd issue with corrections (F878), 1 line erratum in Vol. 1.
1875	2nd edition (F880).
1969	Facsimile of 2nd issue (F908).
	First foreign editions:
1868	French (F912), German (F914), USA (F879).
1876	Italian (F920).
1889	Dutch (F912).
1959	Hungarian (F919).
1963	Romanian (F924).
"Variations"
1862	"Variations affected by cultivation", J. Hort., 3:696 (Bii 71, F1721).
1873	George H. D. "Variations in organs", Nature, Lond., 8:505 (Bii 292, F1763), by G. H. D. but gives his father's views.
"Variegated Leaves"
1844	"Variegated leaves", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 37:621 (Bi 198, F1667).
Vaux, Henry Sandys Wright, 1818-1885.
	Antiquary and ancient geographer. DNB.
1841-	Department of Antiquities British Museum.
1856	CD consulted V about Variation—Carroll 128.
1868	FRS.

[page] 283

Vaynol, North Wales.
1826	CD visited on riding tour with Caroline Sarah D—Journal.
Vegetable Mould and Worms
1881	The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms, with observations on their habits, London (F1357). See Sir Arthur Keith, Nature, Lond., 149:716, 1942.
1881-1882	3rd-6th thousands (F1359-1362) contain small corrections by CD.
1882	7th thousand (F1364) contains small changes by Francis D.
1888	11th thousand (F1373) contains small changes by Francis D.
1969	Facsimile of 2nd thousand (F1410).
	First foreign editions:
1882	French (F1403), German (F1404), Italian (F1407), Russian (F1408), USA (F1363).
1896	Armenian (F1402).
Veitch, James, 1792-1863.
	Nurseryman, with his son James, of Royal Exotic Nursery, King's Road, Chelsea, London. J. H. Veitch, Hortus Veitchii, London 1906.
1861	V supplied orchids for CD's work, "Mr James Veitch has been most generous"—LLiii 768, MLii 276.
Veitch, James, 1815-1869.
	Nurseryman, with his father James, of Royal Exotic Nursery, King's Road, Chelsea, London. J. H. Veitch, Hortus Veitchii, London 1906.
"Verbascum", see "Primula" 1868.
"Vermin and Traps"
1863	"Vermin and traps", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 35:821-822 (Bii 83, F1728).
Vernon, Colonel
1832	Nov. 11 CD to Caroline mentions "a brother-in-law of Miss Gooch" who CD had met at Montevideo who was doing a tour, on to Lima then overland to Mexico.—CCD I p. 277.
Vestiges
1844	Vestiges of the natural history of creation, London. An anonymous work on evolution, by Robert Chambers q.v.
circa 1850	CD to Hooker, calls the author "Mr Vestiges", although he had identified the author correctly.
Vierweg, Friedrich, und Sohn
	Publisher of Brunswick, Germany.
1844	Published Journal of researches, the 1st translation or printing abroad of any of CD's books, and the only translation of the 1st edition.
Villa Franca, Baron de
1881	CD to Romanes, V "wrote to me from Brazil about two years ago" on sugar-cane varieties—MLi 390.
1887	CD to Romanes, R would prepare paper on sugar-cane hybrids for the press, see "V and Glass", Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., 80-81—Carroll 611.
"Vincas"
1861	"Fertilisation of Vincas", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 24:552 (Bii 40, F1711).
1861	"Vincas", ibid., No. 37:831-832 (Bii 41, F1716).
Vinchuca
	American Spanish, Quechua wihchuykuk—OED Suppl. 4 1985 = benchuca, which is not in Dict.
Vines, Sydney Howard, 1849-1934.
	Botanist. Reader in Botany Cambridge. DNB.
1881	Oct. CD and ED took tea with in Cambridge.
	Nov. CD to V on plant chemistry—LLiii 346.
1885	FRS.

[page] 284

Virchow, Rudolf Ludwig Carl, 1821-1902.
	Pathologist and politician.
1856-	Prof. Pathological Anatomy Berlin.
1877	V gave an address at Münich connecting evolution with socialism, published as Die Freiheit der Wissenschaft im modernen Staat, Berlin.
1878	Translated into English. Haeckel replied to it.
1878	V seconded CD's election to Koeniglich-Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin.
1881	CD sat between V and Donders at the Int. Congr. Med.
1884	Foreign Member RS.
1892	Copley Medal.
Vivisection
	CD's part in the agitation and Commission on this subject are considered in LLiii 199-221 and MLii 435-441. See also David Ferrier.
1875	CD to Romanes, warns R not to discuss experiments on animals in front of Darwin women, since it would horrify them—Carroll 465.
1881	1881 CD letter to Frithiof Holmgren, The Times, Apr. 18, Brit. Med. J., 1:660, Nature, Lond., 23:583 (F1792). Also in anti-Vivisection pamphlet by George Jesse (F1356), all 1881, also in LLiii 205-206, and in Sweden.
1881	"Mr Darwin on vivisection", The Times, Apr. 22 (F1793).
1881	CD to Romanes, about The Times letter, "I thought it fair to bear my share of the abuse poured in so atrocious a manner on all physiologists"—Life of Romanes 116.
Vivisection Commission
	Members: Baron Winmarleigh, W. E. Forster, Sir J. B. Karslake, T. H. Huxley, Prof. Erichsen, R. H. Hutton, with Nathaniel Baker, Secretary.
1875	Nov. 5 CD gave evidence before it in London. Viscount Cardwell, the Chairman, came to the door to receive him.
1876	Report of the Royal Commission on the practice of subjecting live animals to experiments for scientific purposes; with the minutes of evidence and appendix, London, HMSO Command 1397; CD's evidence 234, paras 4662-4672 (F1275).
1876	Digest of evidence etc., Command 1397.1, CD's evidence 34 (F1270).
Volcanic Islands
1844	Geological observations on the volcanic islands visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, together with some brief notices of the geology of Australia and the Cape of Good Hope. Being the second part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. Fitz-Roy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836, London (F272), appendices by G. B. Sowerby [I] and W. Lonsdale.
1851	Combined edition of the three parts from unsold sheets, with new preliminaries (F274).
1876	2nd edition, combined with Part 3 South America (F276).
1891	3rd edition, combined as 2nd edition (F282).
1972	Facsimile of an 1896 issue (F307).
	First foreign editions:
1877	German (F312).
1891	USA (F283).
1902	French (F310).
1936	Russian (F323).

[page] 285

"Volcanic Phaenomena and Mountain Chains"
1838	"On the connexion of certain volcanic phaenomena, and on the formation of mountain chains and volcanoes as the effect of continental elevations", Proc. Geol. Soc., 2:654-660 (Bi 53, F1649).
1840	"On the connection of certain volcanic phaenomena in South America; and on the formation of mountain chains and volcanoes as the effect of the same powers by which continents are elevated", Trans. Geol. Soc., 5:601-631 (Bi 54, F1656).
"Volcanic Rocks and Glaciers"
1845	"Extracts from letters to the General Secretary, on the analogy of the structure of some volcanic rocks with that of glaciers", Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb., 2:17-18 (Bi 193, F1670); letters from CD to E. Forbes.
Voyage of the Beagle, see Journal of researches.
	This title was first used in Harmsworth Library edition, 1905 (F106).
Voyage of the Beagle, Charles Darwin and, see Charles Darwin and etc.
Voyage of the Beagle, diary see Diary of the voyage etc.

[page 286]

W

Waddington, Mrs, see Marianne Port.
Wagner, Johann Andreas, 1797-1861.
	German geologist.
1861	Author of Zur Feststellung der Artbegriffen, München Situngb., 301.
1863	CD to Falconer, "Poor old Wagner always attacking me in a proper spirit"..."sent me two or three little brochures, and I thanked him cordially"—MLi 229.
Wagner, Moritz Friedrich, 1813-1887.
	German traveller and naturalist.
1868	CD to Weismann on W's views about evolution in his pamphlet Die Darwin'sche Theorie und das Migrationsgesetz, Munich, English translation London 1873—LLiii 157, MLi 311.
1872	CD to Weismann refers to W's views—LLii 156.
1876	CD to W, about his evolutionary essay in Das Ausland, May 31, 1875—LLiii 158.
Wagner, Rudolph, 1805-1864.
	German anatomist and physiologist. Prof. Zoology Göttingen.
1860	Abstract of L. Agassiz, Essay on classification, 1857, "Louis Agassiz's Principien der Classification...mit Rücksicht auf Darwins", Göttingischen Gelehrten, 1860—LLii 330.
1860	CD to Huxley, W had sent CD a copy of his "Abstract".
Wales
	CD visited Wales on ten occasions.
1813	Summer, family holiday at Gros, Abergele.
1819	Jul. family holiday, Plas Edwards, Towyn.
1820	Jul. riding tour with Erasmus Alvey D, Pistyll Rhaeadr.
1822	Jul. holiday with Susan Elizabeth D, Montgomery.
1828	Summer, reading party under G. A. Butterton, Barmouth.
1829	Jun. beetle collecting with F. W. Hope, Barmouth.
1830	Aug. beetle collecting North Wales.
1831	Aug. geology trip with A. Sedgwick, Llangollen, Ruthin, Conway, Bangor, Capel Curig, then Barmouth alone.
1842	Jun. for geology, Capel Curig, Bangor, Caernarvon.
1869	Jun. family holiday, Caerdeon, Barmouth.
Walker, Francis, 1809-1874.
	Entomologist. Assistant at British Museum.
1839	W described CD's chalcid material from Beagle in Vol. 2 of Monographia Chalciditum, 2 vols, London, and elsewhere.

[page] 287

Wallace, Alexander, 1830-1899.
	Physician and lepidopterist of Colchester. W is often referred to in Descent as an expert on various species of silkmoth.
1868	CD to J. Weir, giving W's views on sexual selection in Bombyx mori—MLii 66.
1868	CD to H. T. Stainton, giving W's views on sex ratio in Bombyx cynthia—FUL 108.
Wallace, Alfred Russel, 1823 Jan. 8-1913 Nov. 7.
	Eighth child (of nine) of Thomas Vere W and Mary Ann Greenell. Traveller and naturalist. W's first employment was, by his brother John, as a land surveyor.
	Hooker called W "Darwin's true knight". Although CD and W were always on friendly terms and W often visited Down House, there was never the intimacy that there was with Hooker, Falconer or Huxley; nor did they fully understand each other's scientific views.
	Biography: Marchant 1916; George 1964. Bibliography: in Marchant 1916. 1966 H. L. MacKinney, Alfred Russel Wallace and the discovery of natural selection, J. Hist. Med., 21:333-357, discusses the development of W's views and its relationship to those of CD. Biography 1972 H. Lewis McKinney, Wallace and natural selection, Yale, 1983 Arnold C. Brackman A delicate arrangement: the strange case of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, New York. DNB.
1855	"On the law which has regulated the introduction of new species", Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 16:184-196.
	The most important periods of his life were, as a collector of natural history specimens:
1848-1852	In the Amazons.
1854-1862	In the Malay Archipelago.
1857	CD to W, "You say that you have been somewhat surprised at no notice having been taken of your paper in the Annals. I cannot say that I am, for so very few naturalists care for anything beyond the mere description of species"—LLii 108.
1858	Jun. 18 Fri. CD received letter from W, written at Ternate, Mollucas, enclosing his paper "On the tendency of varieties to depart indefinitely from the original type" in mss. CD wrote to Lyell the same day "Your words have come true with a vengeance—that I should be forestalled"—LLii 116.
1858	Jul. 1 Tues. Hooker and Lyell communicated CD and W's joint paper to Linnean Society, "On the tendency of species to form varieties and species by natural means of selection", J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., 3:45-62 (F346), W's paper 54-62.
1858	Jul. 25 CD sent "Some half dozen copies" of the offprint to W and "I have many other copies at your disposal".
	Oct. 12 CD to Hooker, "I have sent eight copies by post to Wallace, and will keep others for him"—LLii 138. The whole episode is considered in detail in LLii 115-140.
1860	Dec. 24 W to Bates, "I do honestly believe that with however much patience I had worked and experimented on the subject, I could never have approached the completeness of his book—its vast accumulation of evidence, its overwhelming argument, and its admirable tone and spirit".
1866	Married Annie Mitten. 2 sons, 1 daughter: 1. Herbert Spencer W, 1867-1874; 2. Violet Isabel W, 1869-1945 unmarried; 3. William Gore W, 1871-1951.
1868	Royal Medal.
1870	CD to W, "I fear we shall never quite understand each other"—LLiii 125.
1871	"I then applied to Mr Wallace, who has an innate genius for solving difficulties"—Descent i 416.
1879	Dec. 17 CD and Hooker first raised the matter of W's income—LLiii 228.
until 1881	On his return to England, his only income until 1881 was from sale of specimens and from authorship.
1881	Jan. 7 granted a civil list pension of £200 per annum.
1882	W was Pallbearer at CD's funeral.
1889	DCL Oxford.
1890	Darwin Medal (first recipient).
1892	Refused FRS.
1905	FRS.
1908	Copley Medal.
1908	Linnean Society Darwin-Wallace Medal (first recipient).
1908	OM.
up to 1913	W moved house often and had four houses built to his own design, the last at Wimborne, Dorset, where he died. W's last house was Old Orchard, Broadstone, Dorset, destroyed 1964. A road through modern development is called Wallace Court.
1913	Buried Broadstone.
1915	Nov. 1 memorial to in Westminster Abbey, next to that of CD.
	Main works:
1853	Palm trees of the Amazons [250 copies].
1853	Travels on the Amazons.
1869	Malay Archipelago.
1870	Contributions to the theory of natural selection.
1876	Geographical distribution of animals.
1882	Island life.
1889	Darwinism.
1908	Autobiography: My life, 2 vols.

[page] 288

Wallich, George Charles, 1815-1899.
	Physician and marine biologist. Army surgeon and botanist in India. DNB.
1859-1860	Naturalist on H.M.S Bulldog.
1860	W sent CD a copy of his pamphlet Notes on the presence of animal life at vast depths in the sea, London, for private circulation. CD thanks W for—N&R 58.
1861	CD met W at Linnean Society—MLi 184.
1882	Mar. 28 CD to W, on deepwater organisms and asking for a copy of his lecture on Protista; CD's last recorded letter—N&R 59.
Walpole, Lady Dorothy Frances, 1826-1913.
	Elder daughter of Horatio W, 5th Earl of Orford. W called on CD at Down House but he was ill. CD called on W several times in London. Biography: R. Nevill (son), London 1919, 56-58, has reminiscences and one letter. CD signed W's birthday book, which was illustrated by Kate Greenaway. Biography Nevill 1984.
	Told CD about her Siamese cat which was the colour of an otter and perhaps the first in England—Biography Nevill 1984.
1848	Married Reginald Henry Nevill.
1851-1878	W was an enthusiastic gardener at Dangstein, Rogate, Hampshire.
1861	W helped CD with Orchids, "responded in a wonderfully kind manner, and has sent a lot of treasures"—MLii 278.
1874	CD to W, thanking her for providing plants for Insectivorous plants, especially Utricularia montana, which lives in moss on trees, unlike the usual species which are aquatic—LLiii 327, Carroll 449.
1910	Autobiography: Under five reigns, London, 106-112, has reminiscences of CD and five letters from.

[page] 289

Walpole, Colonel John
1834	Aug. 28 CD to RF mentions calling on "but he was in bed—or said so"—Keynes p. 235.
1837-1847	Consul General at Santiago, Chile.
Walsh, Benjamin Dann, 1808-1869.
	Brother of J. H. Walsh. Entomologist. W was contemporary with CD at Cambridge. C. V. Riley described W as "one of the ablest and most thorough entomologists of our time"—MLi 248.
1838	Fellow of Trinity.
1864	W to CD, reintroducing himself; they had met in CD's rooms at Cambridge. W comments on Origin, "The first perusal staggered me, the second convinced me, and the oftener I read it the more convinced I am of the general soundness of your theory"—MLi 249.
1868-1869	W emigrated to USA and was State Entomologist of Illinois.
1868	CD to W, on 13- and 17-year cycles in cicadas—MLii 89.
1868	W to CD, he could not answer CD's Queries about expression.
1869	Killed in a railway accident.
Walsh, John Henry, 1810-1888.
	Brother of Benjamin Dann W. Naturalist. W wrote under pseudonym of "Stonehenge".
Walton Hall, near Pontefract, Yorkshire.
	Home of Charles Waterton.
1845	Sep. CD visited and stayed the night—LLi 343.
Ward, William George, 1812-1882.
	Catholic theologian and philosopher.
1861	CD sent W Gray's pamphlet Natural selection not inconsistent with natural theology—Darwin-Gray 76, where Henshaw Ward is suggested.
Wareham, Dorset.
1847	Jul. CD and family visited on way to holiday at Swanage.
Waring, Anne, 1662-1722.
	Daughter of Robert W. CD's great-great-grandmother. W inherited manor and hall of Elston, near Newark, Staffordshire, from George Lassels or Lascelles, her mother's second husband. See also Brass Close.
1680	Married William Darwin [VI].
Waring, Robert, ?-1662.
	Father of Anne W and origin of the forename Waring in the Darwin family. CD's great-great-great-grandfather.
Warren, Mr
1853	CD to Henslow. W had written to CD from Brighton; the matter concerned some speculative investment; but Barlow was unable to trace further—Darwin-Henslow 169.
Warrington, Robert, 1807-1867.
	Chemist and one of the earliest popularizers of the marine aquarium.
1867	CD to Wallace, "Mr Warrington has lately read an excellent and spirited abstract of the 'Origin' before the Victoria Institute, and as this is a most orthodox body, he has gained the name of the Devil's Advocate. The discussion which followed...is very rich from the nonsense talked"—LLiii 69. Identification uncertain.

[page] 290

Waterhouse, Alfred, 1830-1905.
	Architect. Atkins 89 suggests that W visited Down House, but in error for George Robert W. q.v.
1865	W designed British Museum (Natural History).
Waterhouse, George Robert, 1810-1888.
	Mammalogist and entomologist. Keeper of Mineralogy and Geology at British Museum (Natural History). A friend of CD and often at Down House. DNB.
1838-1839	W wrote Zoology of the voyage of the Beagle, Part II, Living Mammalia.
1843	CD to Lyell, "if Waterhouse is hired he will enjoy his seven shillings a day from the British Museum, as much as most men would ten times the sum!"—LLi 344.
1843	CD to W, "I believe...that if every organism which ever had lived or does live were collected together...a perfect series would be presented, linking all...into one great quite indivisible group"—Memorials of Charles Darwin, 8, 1909.
1847	CD reviewed W's A natural history of the Mammalia Vol. 1, Marsupialia, 1846, in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 19:53-56, unsigned, (Bi 214, F1675), CD's only book review.
Waterton, Charles, 1782-1865.
	Naturalist and traveller. Walton Hall, near Pontefract, Yorkshire. EB DNB.
1825	Author of Wanderings in South America, London.
?1826	CD met W in Edinburgh with J. Edmonston who had been trained as a bird skinner by W.
1845	CD visited W at Walton Hall.
1845	CD to Lyell, "He is an amusing strange fellow; at our early dinner, our party consisted of two catholic priests and two Mulatresses" [W's sisters-in-law]—LLi 344.
Watford Natural History Society, later Hertfordshire.
1877	CD Honorary Member.
Watkins, Frederick, 1808-1888.
	Cambridge friend of CD, member of the Gourmet Club.
1860	CD to W on evolution, "I think the arguments are valid, showing that all animals have descended from four or five primordial forms; and that analogy and weak reasons go to show that all have descended from some single prototype"—LLii 328.
1874-1888	Archdeacon of York.
1887	W gives memories of CD collecting beetles and talking of the beauty of the Brazilian forests—LLi 168.

[page] 291

Watson, Hewett Cottrell, 1804-1881.
	Botanist and phrenologist, specialist in distribution of British plants. W accepted evolution by natural selection.
1857	CD to Hooker, W had marked up a Flora for CD to show which he considered to be good species.
1859	CD sent W 1st edition of Origin.
1861	CD to Hooker, W accuses CD of egotism, "In the first four paragraphs of the introduction, the words 'I', 'me', 'my', occur forty-three times"—LLii 362.
Way, Albert, 1805-1874.
	Antiquary. Cambridge friend of CD. They collected beetles together. Drew an ink sketch, now at Cambridge, of CD riding a beetle and smoking. Drew illustrations for one of CD's books—Burkhardt 1982. DNB.
"Became acquainted with Fox and Way and so commenced Entomology"—Journal.
1843-1865	W edited Promptorium parvulorum.
1860	Apr. CD to W about antiquarian information on breeds of horses, "Eheu, Eheu, the old Crux Major days are long past" [Panagaeus crux-major, a beetle collected by CD and Way at Cambridge]—Carroll 205.
Weale, James Philip Mansel (c. 1838-1911)
	English naturalist and farmer in South Africa c. 1860-1878.. See Origin, 5th edition, 439, 1869. F1748. Calendar.
1867	CD to Hooker, W had sent seeds from locust dung from Natal—MLii 4.
1868	CD to Hooker, the grasses from the seeds had flowered—MLi 303.
Webb, Mr
	?Curator of Ipswich Museum—Darwin-Henslow 173.
1855	CD to Henslow, CD was sending cirripedes to care of W.
Webster, Mary, ?-1952.
	Known as "Mary Ernest"; "an orphaned young woman ...who was estranged from her adopted parents","stupid, dull and small-minded"—W&W pp. 327, 333.
1887	Married Ernest Hensleigh Wedgwood.
Wedgwood, Aaron, 1666-1743.
	Father of Richard W [I].
Wedgwood, Aaron, 1722-1768.
	Fifth child of Thomas W [I]. Fat and stupid, known as "The Alderman" from his pomposity. CD's great-uncle.
Wedgwood, Abner [I], 1699-?
	Younger brother of Thomas W [I]. Potter. CD's great-great-uncle.
Wedgwood, Abner [II], 1780-1835.
	Son of "Useful" Thomas W [V]. Potter. Developed transferware etc. CD's second cousin twice removed.
Wedgwood, Agnes, see Harley.
Wedgwood, Alfred Allen, 1842-1892.
	Fifth child of Hensleigh W. Known as "Tim". CD's first cousin once removed.
1866	Gave up being a Midshipman.
1873	Married Margaret Rosina Ingall. 2 sons, 1 daughter: l. Bertram Hensleigh, 2. James "Jem" Ingall, 3. Margaret Olive, known as Olive.
1884	Living at Horsley; "no sign of either ability or ambition".
1887	Separated from Rosina.
Wedgwood, Allen [I], see John Allen W.
Wedgwood, Allen [II], 1893-1915.
	Only son of Ernest H. W. Killed at Suvla Bay. A herbarium by him is at Marlborough College,Wiltshire.
Wedgwood, Amy, 1835-1910.
	Second and only unmarried child of Francis W. "Tiresome, selfish, narrow-minded spinster"—W&W p. 3. CD's first cousin once removed.
Wedgwood, Ann
	Daughter of Josiah W 1712-1776. Married Philip Clark. Mother of Mary Clark.
Wedgwood, Anne, see Tyler.
Wedgwood, Anne Jane, 1841-1877.
	Fourth child of Henry Allen W. CD's first cousin once removed.
1870	Married Ralph Edward Carr.
Wedgwood Arms
	W&W state that the original arms must have been gules four mullets argent. They illustrate the arms of W of Heracles, Staffordshire: Gules, four mullets and a canton (plain) argent; a crest coronet and a lion passant, armed and langued gules, argent; motto Obstanta discendo (I split asunder obstacles) of 16-18C.
	Most of the potter Ws of 18-19C were not armigerous.
	Debrett gives arms for recent Barony and Baronetcy, but 4 mullets in cross; for the Barony "on either side a lion rampant queue fourchee argent supporting a staff raguly gales"; the Baronetcy has no supporters; in both cases the crest is not armed and langued gules.
Wedgwood, Arthur, 1843-1900.
	Fifth child of Henry Allen W. Unmarried. CD's first cousin once removed. Secretary to Charity Organization Society.
Wedgwood, Arthur Felix, 1877-1917.
	Known as Felix. Civil engineer. Captain North Staffordshire Regiment.
1910	Married Katherine Longstaff. 2 daughters, 1 son: 1. Frances Katherine 1912-, 2. Felicity Emily 1913-, 3. Cecil Felix Nivelle 1916-.
1910	Shades of a titan, a novel.
1917	Killed at Bucquoy.
Wedgwood, Audrey, see Doris Audrey W.
Wedgwood, Bertram Hensleigh, 1876-1951.
	Elder son of Alfred Allen W. Known as "Berry". Shipbroker of Liverpool. Served as Officer in Boer War. W&W p. 274.
1905	Married 1 Winifred Eyre Heriz-Smith. 1 daughter, 2 sons: 1. Margaret Eyre Hope 1906-?, 2. Hensleigh Cecil W 1908-?, 3. Geoffrey V. A. W. 1911-?
1921	Divorced. Left his home at Horsley, Surrey, and dumped his two young sons on Snow W at Queen Anne St.
1922	Married 2 Andrée Marie Perrier 1899-?
Wedgwood, "Bessy" [I], see Elizabeth Allen.
Wedgwood, "Bessy" [II], see Sarah Elizabeth W [II].
Wedgwood, Camilla Hildegard, 1905-?
	Fifth child of Josiah Clement W.
Wedgwood, Caroline Elizabeth,
	Second child of Henry Allen W. Unmarried. CD's first cousin once removed. Is not mentioned at all in W&W. Is in pedigree in Emma Darwin, although not in Index.
Wedgwood, Caroline Louisa Jane, see Catherine Louisa Jane Wedgwood.

[page] 292

Wedgwood, Caroline Sarah, see Darwin.
Wedgwood, Catherine, 1774-1856.
	Sixth child of Josiah W [I]. Unmarried. Known as "Kitty". CD's aunt. Lived at Parkfield, Staffordshire.
1823	Spring. Moved to Shrewsbury to be under constant supervision of Robert Darwin.
Wedgwood, Catherine E.
	Tenth child of Thomas W [III]. Married Rev. William Willett. Grandmother of Sir Henry Holland and of Elizabeth Cleghorne Stevenson (Mrs Gaskell).
Wedgwood, Catherine Louisa Jane, 1799-1825.
	Fourth child of John W [IV]. Unmarried. CD's first cousin.
Wedgwood, Major Cecil
	Only child of Godfrey W and Mary Hawkshaw. CD's first cousin twice removed. First lived in a rented house at Chapel Chorlton near Maer. Major in North Staffordshire Militia in South African war. "Looked like a viking"—W&W p. 128. WWH.
1863	Mother died at his birth.
1879	Joined pottery.
1884-1916	Partner Josiah W and Sons Ltd.
1889	Married Lucie Gibson daughter of William E. Gibson of Cork. 2 daughters: 1. Phoebe Sylvia 1893-, 2. Doris Audrey 1894-1968.
1891	Partner. Moved to Leadendale.
1902	DSO.
?1905	Chairman.
1909-1910	First Mayor of Stoke on Trent.
1916	Killed at La Boiselle.
Wedgwood, Cecily Frances, 1876-1904.
	Fourth child of Clement Francis W.
1903	Married Gen. Sir Arthur Money, KCB.
Wedgwood, Cecily Mary, see Cicely Mary W.
Wedgwood, Charles, 1800-1823.
	Fifth child of John W [IV]. Unmarried. CD's first cousin. In East India Co. service. "An undisciplined and adventurous young man had died of fever in India"—W&W p. 225.
Wedgwood, Charlotte, 1797-1862.
	Daughter of Josiah W [II]. CD's first cousin and sister-in-law. Known as "Lotty".
1832	Married Charles Langton as first wife.
1824	"Her fair hair reached to her knees"—EDi 155.
1862	W died at St Leonard's, Sussex.
Wedgwood, Cicely Mary, 1837-1917.
	Third child of Francis W. CD's first cousin once removed. Emma Darwin reads "Cicely". W&W reads "Cecily".
1865	Married John Clarke Hawkshaw.
1867	W was in Cambridge.
Wedgwood, Dame Cicely Veronica, 1910-1997.
	Daughter of Sir Ralph Lewis W. Known as Veronica and Dame Veronica. Historian.
1968	DBE.
1969	OM.
Wedgwood, Clement Francis, 1840-1889.
	Fourth child of Francis W. Potter of Etruria. CD's first cousin once removed.
1866	Married Emily Rendel. 5 sons, 1 daughter: 1. Francis Hamilton, 2. Clement Henry 1870 and died that year, 3. Josiah Clement, 4. Ralph Lewis, 5. Cicely Frances, 6. Arthur Felix.
	Home Barlaston Lee on marriage.
1889	Died of cancer.
Wedgwood, Constance Rose, 1846-1902.
	Sixth child of Francis W. CD's first cousin once removed.
1880	Married Hermann Franke.
Wedgwood, Doris Audrey, 1894-1968.
	Second child of Cecil W. Known as Audrey. Married — Makeig-Jones. Secretary to the pottery in WWI.
Wedgwood, Edith Louisa
	Daughter of Robert W and Mary Halsey. CD's first cousin once removed.
1877	Married Clement Frederick Romilly Allen.
Wedgwood, "Effie", see Katherine Euphemia W.
Wedgwood, "Eliza", see Sarah Elizabeth W [III].
Wedgwood, Elizabeth
	Sister of John W [I]. Married Samuel Astbury.
Wedgwood, Elizabeth [I], see Allen.
Wedgwood, Elizabeth [II], see Sarah Elizabeth W [II].
Wedgwood, Elizabeth Julia, 1907-?
	Sixth child of Josiah Clement W.
Wedgwood, Emily, see Rendel.
Wedgwood, Emma [I], 1808 May 2 at Maer Hall-1896 Oct. 2 at Down House.
	Ninth and last child of Josiah W [II], named after her aunt Emma Allen. CD's first cousin and wife. Biography: 1904 Henrietta Litchfield (daughter), privately printed, Cambridge; the same, published edition, 1915 London. 1952 Gwen Raverat (granddaughter), Period piece, ch. 8.
	Nicknames, "The Dovelies" with Frances W [II] in childhood, "Little Miss Slip-Slop" in childhood, "Titty" by CD in early years of marriage, "Mammy" later—Brent pp. 325, 388.
	"A beautiful needlewoman, a good archer, and she rode, danced and skated". "She played delightfully on the piano". "She had lessons from Maschelas and a few from Chopin"—LLi 62. She read French, German and Italian. "Her brown hair kept its warm tint almost to the end of her life with hardly a grey hair in it." "In 1824 she could sit on her hair"—EDi 155. ED was sometimes known as "Mammy" by the children. CD's opinion of ED is omitted from LLi 69, which was published whilst she was alive. "You all well know your mother, and what a good mother she has ever been to all of you. She has been my greatest blessing, and I can declare that in my whole life I have never heard her utter one word which I had rather had been unsaid. She has never failed in the kindest sympathy towards me, and has borne with the utmost patience my frequent complaints from ill-health and discomfort. I do not believe she has ever missed an opportunity of doing a kind action to anyone near her. I marvel at my good fortune that she, so infinitely my superior in every single moral quality, consented to be my wife. She has been my wise adviser and cheerful comforter throughout life, which without her would have been during a very long period a miserable one from ill-health. She has earned the love and admiration of every soul near her"—MLi 30, Barlow, Autobiography 96.
	On her religious views, "In our childhood and youth she was not only sincerely religious—this she always was in the true sense of the word—but definite in her beliefs. She went regularly to Church and took the Sacrament. She read the Bible with us and taught us a simple Unitarian Creed, though we were baptised and confirmed in the Church of England"—EDii 173, Barlow, Autobiography 238. ED's religious views are stated in 2 letters to CD. 1. ?1839, soon after marriage. CD appended a note "When I am dead, know that many times, I have kissed and cryed over this C.D."—EDii 173 omitting note, Barlow, Autobiography 237. 2. 1861 Jun., CD appends a note "God bless you"—EDii 175, Barlow, Autobiography 238.

[page] 293

Wedgwood, Emma [I], continued.
1818-1837	Before marriage, ED travelled on the continent with her family: 1818 Apr. visited Paris; 1824-1825 Paris, Geneva, Florence, Sorrento, Rome, Milan; 1826 Geneva; 1827 Cologne; 1838 Paris. She also made a number of visits in British Isles, sometimes to relatives; 1823 Scarborough; 1828 Clifton; 1837 Edinburgh.
1822-1823	ED was at school at Greville House, Paddington Green, London.
1824	Sep. 17 confirmed at Maer church although brought up Unitarian.
1836	Oct. "We are getting impatient for Charles's arrival" [on return of Beagle]—EDi 272.
	Nov. "We enjoyed Charles's visit uncommonly"—EDi 273.
1838	Nov. 11 CD proposed, at Maer, and was accepted.
1839	Married Jan. 29, by Rev. John Allen W, Charles Robert Darwin, at St Peter's Church, Maer.
after 1839	After marriage ED devoted her life to CD and to bringing up the children.
	Titles of her four stories in children's reading book: 1. "The plumb pie", 2. "The snowy night", 3. "The market", 4. "The little foal"; only known copy CUL Sir Geoffrey Keynes bequest 1981; facsimile 1985.
after 1882	After CD's death she spent the summers at Down House and the winters at The Grove, Huntingdon Rd, Cambridge.
1896	ED is buried in Downe churchyard.

[page] 294

Wedgwood, Emma [I], continued.
	ICONOGRAPHY:
1. 1839	Water colour by George Richmond, done at the same time as that of CD, now in the family.
2. circa 1853	Photograph by Maull & Fox, with Leonard D at Down House.
3. 1881	Photograph by Barrand.
4.	Pastel by Fairfax Murray, now in the family.
5. 1895	Photograph by Miss M. J. Shaen at Down House.
	PRINTED WORKS:
circa 1825	ED wrote a reading book for her Sunday School class at Maer; the class was taught by the family and held in the laundry; "these she had printed in large type; the book contained four little stories, one about a 'plumb pie' [sic]. We, her own children were taught to read out of this little book, and were fond of these stories"—EDi 142. Copy CUL given 1981 by Sir Geoffrey Keynes, facsimile 1985.
1887	ED wrote a four-line preface to the 1st edition in book form of Henry Allen W's The bird talisman, which she had printed for the benefit of her grandchildren.
Wedgwood, Emma [II], see Houseman.
Wedgwood, Ernest Hensleigh, 1837-1898.
	Third child of Hensleigh W. Known as "Ernie" or "Erny" at Rugby. CD's first cousin once removed.
1863	Took a minor post in Colonial Office.
1866	Lost this post but got another.
1887	Married Mary Webster. 1 son: Allen.
Wedgwood, "Fanny", see Frances W [II].
Wedgwood, Frances [I], see Crewe.
Wedgwood, Frances [II], 1806-1832 Aug. 20.
	Eighth child of Josiah W [II]. Unmarried. "Freckled plain-faced faithful Fanny". CD's first cousin and sister-in-law. With Emma W, known as "The dovelies", also as "Mrs Pedigree" from her passion for making lists, which ED kept amongst her treasures until her death. Went with Emma to Mrs Mayer's finishing school at Paddington.
1832	Died suddenly perhaps from cholera.
Wedgwood, Frances [III], see Mosley.
Wedgwood, Frances [IV], see Mackintosh.
Wedgwood, Frances Julia, 1833-1913.
	First child of Hensleigh W. Unmarried. CD's first cousin once removed. Known as "Snow" because she was born in a snowstorm, or just because it was snowing. Brent p. 176 says "Snow" was short for "Snowdrop".
	Her most important works were Framleigh Hall 1858 a novel, John Wesley 1870, The moral ideal 1888, also An old debt 1856, a novel under pseudonym of "Florence Dawson".
1861	The boundaries of science, a dialogue, Macmillan's Mag.
	Jul. CD's comments on, "I could not clearly follow you in some parts, which is in main part due to my not being at all accustomed to metaphysical trains of thought"—LLi 313.
1867	"I do find myself so wicked for finding Snow such a dreadful bore...begging to discuss fate and free will...so tactless a woman I never came near and gets worse"—E. M. Forster, Marianne Thornton, 223.
Wedgwood, Francis, 1800-1888. Oct. 1.
	Potter. Sixth child of Josiah W [I]. CD's first cousin and brother-in-law. Of Barlaston, Staffordshire.
1832	Married Apr. 26 Frances Mosley. 3 sons, 4 daughters: 1. Godfrey, 2. Amy, 3. Cicely Mary, 4. Clement Francis, 5. Lawrence, 6. Rose Constance, 7. Mabel Frances.
1844-1875	Senior Partner in Josiah Wedgwood and Sons Ltd.
1878	Jun. CD and ED visited.
1879, 1885	W visited Down House and again in 1885.
1884	W visited The Grove, Cambridge.

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Wedgwood, Francis Charles Bowen, 1898-?
	Third child of Josiah Clement W.
1920	Married Edith May Telfer. 1 son.
Wedgwood, Francis Hamilton, 1867-1930
	Eldest son of Clement W. Potter. Known as "Frank" or "Franky". Major in North Staffordshire Regt. Served in South African and WWI. CD's first cousin twice removed.
1888	Apprenticed.
1893	Partner.
1902	Married Gwendoline Mary Piggot. 2 sons, 2 daughters: 1. Frances Dorothea Joy 1903-, 2. Stella 1904-, 3. Clement Thoms? 1907-.
1916	Chairman.
1923	Director LMSR.
	Died suddenly of throat infection.
Wedgwood, Geoffrey, 1879-1897.
	Fifth child of Lawrence W. Known as "Geoff".
Wedgwood, Gilbert [I], 1588-1678.
	Potter of Dale Hall, Burslem. This, the first Burslem W, was third child of Thomas W [I]. Described as yeoman. CD's 5th generation maternal ancestor.
1612	Married Margaret Burslem. 7 sons, 4 daughters.
1617	Probably went to Burslem.
Wedgwood, Gilbert [II], 1876-1963.
	Third child of Lawrence W. Colonel Yorks and Lancs Regt. DSO.
1920	Dorothy Salmond.
Wedgwood, Gloria, 1909-?
	Seventh child of Josiah Clement W.
Wedgwood, Godfrey, 1833-1905.
	First child of Francis W. Potter. J.P. CD's first cousin once removed. Lived Idlerocks, Staffordshire.
1863	Married 1 Mary Hawkshaw. 1 son, Cecil.
1875-1905	Senior partner Josiah Wedgwood and Sons Ltd.
1876	Married 2 Hope Elizabeth Wedgwood. 1 daughter, Mary Euphrasia.
1888	Built Idlerocks.
1898	Right leg amputated.
Wedgwood, Harry, see Henry Allen W.
Wedgwood, Helen Bowen, 1895-?
	First child of Josiah Clement W. Married Michael Stewart Pease.
Wedgwood, Helen Mary, see Tyler.
Wedgwood, Henry Allen, 1799-1885 Oct.
	Fifth child of Josiah W [II]. CD's first cousin and brother-in-law. Known as "Hal" or "Harry". Barrister. Author of The bird talisman q.v.
1827	Essex Court, Temple.
1830	Married his first cousin Jessie W. 3 sons, 3 daughters: 1. Louisa Frances, 2. Caroline, 3. John Darwin, 4. Anne Jane, 5. Arthur, 6. Rowland.
1837	Seabridge near Maer, Staffordshire.
circa 1847	The Hermitage, near Woking, Surrey.
Wedgwood, Hensleigh, 1803-1891 Jun. 1.
	Seventh child of Josiah W [II]. CD's first cousin and brother-in-law. Known as "Hen" and with wife as "The Hens". Barrister and philologist. In CD's London years he saw much of W, but later apparently seldom.
1829-1830	Finch Fellow of Christ's College.
1832-1837	Police Magistrate.
1832	Married Frances Mackintosh. 3 sons, 3 daughters: 1. Frances Julia, 2. James Mackintosh, 3. Ernest Hensleigh, 4. Katherine Euphemia, 5. Alfred Allen, 6. Hope Elizabeth.
1839-	Registrar of Hackney Cabs.
?1840	16 Upper Gower St, London.
?1849	42 Chester Terrace, London.
1859-1865	Author of A dictionary of English etymology, 3 vols, London.
1868	4 Cumberland Place, London.
1876	Hopedene, Surrey, a house lent to him.
1879	31 Queen Anne St, London.
1880	CD to W, about an essay on religion and science by W which no good scientific journal would publish, "there have been too many attempts to reconcile Genesis and science"—Carroll 573.
1885	W visited Down House.
Wedgwood, Hope Elizabeth, 1844-1925.
	Sixth child of Hensleigh W. CD's first cousin once removed.
1876	Married Godfrey W of Idlerocks as second wife.
1925	Died at Idlerocks.
Wedgwood, James Ingall, 1883-1950.
	Second son of Alfred Allen W. Known as "Jem". Brought up by Snow W after parents separated. Bishop of the Old Catholic Church. Theosophist. Unmarried.
Wedgwood, James Mackintosh, 1834-1874.
	Second child of Hensleigh W. Unmarried. Known as "Bro" or "Mack". CD's first cousin once removed.
Wedgwood, Jane, see Louisa Jane W.
Wedgwood, Jessie, 1804-1872.
	Sixth child of John W [IV]. Of Seabridge. CD's first cousin.
1830	Married Henry Allen W. 3 sons, 3 daughters.
Wedgwood, John [I], 1705-1780.
	Younger brother of Richard [I]. Potter of the Big House, Burslem. Known as "Long John".
1758	Married Mary Allsop. 6 children.
Wedgwood, John [II], 1721-1767.
	Fourth child of Thomas W. Unmarried. CD's great uncle.
1760	Represented Josiah [I] in London, at the sign of the Artichoke, Cateaton St. Became something of a courtier and arranged sale of Queen's ware to Queen Charlotte.
1767	Drowned in the Thames after a party at Ranelagh, perhaps robbed and mudered.
Wedgwood, John [III], 1732-1774.
	Ran Richard W [I]'s cheese factory. Brother of Sarah W. CD's great uncle.
Wedgwood, John [IV], 1766-1844.
	Second child of Josiah W [I]. CD's uncle. Evangelical and became rigid after death of daughter Caroline in 1825. The Hill, Abergavenny.
	Married Louisa Jane Allen. 4 sons, 3 daughters: 1, Sarah Elizabeth [III], 2. John Allen, 3. Thomas Josiah, 4. Catherine Louisa Jane, 5. Charles, 6. Jessie, 7. Robert.
1795	Josiah [I] bought him a place in Alexander Davison, Bankers.
circa 1795-1805	Lived at Cote House, Westbury, Bristol.
1805	Founded with others what was to become Royal Horticultural Society.
1814	At Baring Place, Exeter, where he gardened.
1816	Bank in trouble.
1821	Collapse of bank, taken over by Coutts. Left penniless.
1829	Rented The Hill, Abergavenny.
1831	Left The Hill for Etruria Hall.
1832	Left Etruria Hall for Seabridge so that Frank could move in on marriage.
1836	After death of wife, went to live at Seabridge again to be with Harrie and Jessie.
1839	Moved to Maer Hall with daughter Eliza.
1839	Jan. 29 "Uncle John believes one single turnip in a garden is enough to spoil a bed of cauliflowers"—Species entry made by CD on wedding day—Huxley and Kettlewell p. 59.

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Wedgwood, John [V], 1877-1954.
	Fourth child of Lawrence W. Known as "Jack".
1902	Married Violet Douglas. 1 son, 1 daughter: 1. Godfrey Josiah, potter, 2. Eileen.
Wedgwood, Rev. John Allen, 1796-1882.
	Second child of John W [IV]. CD's first cousin. Boarded at Westminster School. "So withdrawn that his parents were concerned over his mental stability"—W&W p. 166. Consumptive in youth and later an invalid. Rector of Maer. Unmarried.
1825-	Vicar of St Peter's Maer.
1832	Mar. 22 married Charles Langton to Charlotte W.
1839	Jan. 29 married CD to Emma W at St Peter's.
Wedgwood, John Darwin, 1840-1870.
	Third child of Henry Allen W. Army officer. CD's first cousin once removed.
1866	Married Helen Mary Tyler. 2 children who died in infancy.
1870	Drowned in boating accident.
Wedgwood, John Hamilton, 1907-?
	First child of Ralph Lewis W.
Wedgwood, Joseph, 1757-1817.
	Son of Aaron W. Potter. Married Mary Clark.
1768	Leased Churchyard Works from Josiah W [I].
Wedgwood, Josiah, 1712-1776.
Wedgwood, Josiah [I], 1730-1795. Jan.
	Thirteenth child of Thomas W [III]. Potter. Founder of the firm of Josiah Wedgwood and Sons Ltd. CD's maternal grandfather. Close friend of Erasmus D [I]. Etruria Hall, Staffordshire. "Patient, steadfast, humble, simple, unconscious of half of his own greatness"—Meteyard in Woodall p. 7. Biography: Meteyard 1865.
1730	Born at Churchyard House, Burslem.
1764	Married Sarah W (a cousin). 4 sons, 4 daughters: 1. Susannah, 2. John, 3. Richard, 4. Josiah [II], 5. Thomas [VI], 6. Catherine, 7. Sarah Elizabeth. 8. Mary Anne.
	W's wife was his third cousin, common ancestor being Gilbert W [I], his great-great-grandfather.
1770	Moved to Etruria Hall.
1783	FRS.
Wedgwood, Josiah [II], 1769-1843 Jul. 12.
	Fourth child of Josiah W [I]. Potter. Known as "Jos". CD's uncle and father-in-law. Sydney Smith of W, "Wedgwood's an excellent man—it is a pity he hates his friends"—EDi 74.
	CD was on close terms with and it was he who persuaded CD's father to let him go on the Beagle voyage. CD: "I used to apply to him...the well known ode of Horace, now forgotten by me, in which the words 'nec vultus tyranni' etc come in"—LLi 44. [Justum et tenacem propositi virum/Non civium ardor prava jubentium/Non vultus instantis tyranni/Mente quatit solida. The just man and firm of purpose not the heat of fellow citizens clamouring for what is wrong, nor presence of threatening tyrant can shake his rocklike soul—Odes III, iii, 1.]
1792	Married Sarah Elizabeth Allen. 4 sons, 5 daughters: 1. Sarah Elizabeth, 2. Josiah [III], 3. Mary Anne, 4. Charlotte, 5. Henry Allen, 6. Francis, 7. Hensleigh, 8. Frances, 9. Emma.
1795-1841	Senior partner of Josiah Wedgwood and Sons Ltd.
1795	Stoke d'Abernon, Surrey, on his father's death.
1799	Leased Gunville, Dorset.
1800	Moved to Little Etruria.
1804	Bought Maer Hall.
1816 on	Lived permanently at Maer Hall, Staffordshire.
Wedgwood, Josiah [III], 1795-1880 Mar. 11.
	Second child of Josiah W [II]. Known as "Joe". CD's first cousin. W was doubly CD's brother-in-law. Potter.
1837	Married Caroline Sarah Darwin. 4 daughters: 1. Sophia Marianne, 2. Katherine Elizabeth Sophia, 3. Margaret Susan 1843-1875, 4. Lucy Caroline 1846-?
	On marriage first lived at Clayton near Etruria.
1841-1844	Senior partner Josiah Wedgwood and Sons Ltd.
1841	Moved to Leith Hill Place, Surrey, 400 acres, and sold his pottery interest to brother Francis.
1880	CD to Hensleigh W, condoling on his death, "there never existed a man with a sweeter disposition"—Carroll 573.
Wedgwood, Josiah, 1899-?
	Fourth child of Josiah Clement W.
1919	Married Doroth Winser. 2 sons.
Wedgwood, Josiah Clement, Baron W, 1872-1943.
	Second son of Clement W. Director of Wedgwoods.
1872	Born at Barlaston.
	Married 1 Ethel Kate Bowen. 2 sons, 5 daughters: 1. Helen Bowen, 2. Rosamund, 3. Francis Charles Bowen, 4. Josiah, 5. Camilla Hildegard, 6. Elizabeth Julia, 7. Gloria.
1906-1941	M.P. for Newcastle under Lyme. MP for 35 years, first Liberal, second Labour, then Independent.
1908	History of the Wedgwood family.
1915	DSO.
1918	Divorced.
	Married 2 Florence Ethel Willett s.p.
1924	PC.
1941	1st Baron W of Barlaston.
Wedgwood, Julia, see Frances Julia W.
Wedgwood, Katherine Elizabeth Sophia, 1842-1911.
	Second child of Josiah W [III]. Unmarried. Known as "Sophy". CD's first cousin once removed. Lived at Leith Hill Place. Highly eccentric in middle age and mentally ill later.

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Wedgwood, Katherine Euphemia, 1839-1934.
	Fourth child of Hensleigh W. Known as "Effie" or "E". CD's first cousin once removed.
1870	Spring, W stayed at Down House.
1873	Married Sir Thomas Henry Farrer, 1st Baron Farrer, as second wife.
1925	Living with her sister Hope Elizabeth W at Idlerocks.
Wedgwood, Kennard Lawrence, 1872-1949.
	First child of Lawrence W. Potter. Served in South African war.
1908	Married Kathleen Wright. 1 daughter.
1930	Chairman.
Wedgwood, "Kitty", see Catherine W.
Wedgwood, Lawrence, 1844-1913.
	Fifth child of Francis W. Potter. CD's first cousin once removed.
1871	Married Emma Houseman. 4 sons, 1 daughter: 1. Kennard Lawrence, 2. Mary Frances, 3. Gilbert Henry, 4. John, 5. Geoffrey.
Wedgwood, "Lotty", see Charlotte W.
Wedgwood, Louisa Frances, 1834-1903.
	First child of Henry Allen W. CD's first cousin once removed.
1864	Married William John Kempson.
Wedgwood, Louisa Jane, see Allen.
Wedgwood, Lucy Caroline, 1846-1919.
	Fourth child of Josiah W [III]. CD's niece.
1874	Married Capt. Matthew James Harrison R.N.
Wedgwood, Mabel Frances, 1857-?
	Seventh child of Francis W. CD's first cousin once removed.
1880	Married Arthur Parson.
Wedgwood, Margaret Olive, 1892-?
1931	Married Dr Montgomery.
Wedgwood, Margaret Rosina, see Ingall.
Wedgwood, Margaret Susan, 1843-1937.
	Third child of Josiah W [III]. CD's first cousin once removed.
1868	Married Arthur Charles Vaughan Williams. Son: Ralph Vaughan Williams.
1885	W gave ED her dog Dicky.
Wedgwood, Mary [I], see Stringer.
Wedgwood, Mary [II], see Clark.
Wedgwood, Mary [III], see Halsey.
Wedgwood, Mary [IV], see Hawkshaw.
Wedgwood, Mary [V], see Webster.
Wedgwood, Mary Anne [I], 1778-1786.
	Eighth and last child of Josiah W [I], mentally retarded. CD's aunt. The pedigree in ED gives the seventh and last as Sarah Elizabeth W 1778-1856. W&W give Sarah Elizabeth as 1776-1856, but do not give Mary Anne in pedigree at all, only in index and text.
Wedgwood, Mary Anne [II], 1796-1798.
	Third child of Josiah W [II]. CD's first cousin. In ED, but W&W do not mention this one.
Wedgwood, Mary Euphrazia, 1880-1952.
	Only child of Godfrey W and Hope Elizabeth W. Unmarried. CD's first cousin twice removed. W&W spell with "s", ED with "z". Frances Julia W made a scrapbook of family papers for her—W&W p. 355.
1935	Married William Mosley, a cousin, after her mother's death.
Wedgwood, Mary Frances, 1874-1969.
	Second child of Lawrence. Known as "Molly".
Wedgwood, Olive, 1892-?
	Third child and only daughter of Alfred Allen W. Married V. C. Montgomery.
Wedgwood, Phoebe, 1893-1972.
	Elder daughter of Cecil W. CD's first cousin thrice removed.
Wedgwood, Sir Ralph Lewis, Bart, 1874-1946
	Third child of Clement W. Trinity College Cambridge. Frequent visitor with brother Felix to George Ds at Cambridge—Period piece p. 233. Railway administrator. Established Leith Hill musical festival. CD's first cousin twice removed.
	Married Iris Veronica Pawson. 2 sons,1 daughter: 1. John Hamilton, 2. Ralph Pawson, 3. Cicely Veronica.
1916	Brigadier General.
1924	Kt.
1942	1st Bart of Etruria.
1944	Chairman of wartime Railway Executive.
1944	Rented Leith Hill Place from National Trust after Ralph Vaughan Williams had given it to them.
Wedgwood, Ralph Pawson, 1909-1909.
	Second child of Ralph Lewis W.
Wedgwood, Richard, circa 1545-1626.
	Of Mowle in Biddulph. Married Margaret Boulton of Biddulph.
Wedgwood, Richard [I], 1701-1780 or 1782.
	Son of  Aaron W 1666-1743. Cheesemaker and private banker. Josiah W's second cousin once removed and father-in-law, the common ancestor being Gilbert W. Of Spen Green Cheshire. CD's first cousin twice removed.
1774	Moved, on death of son John, to Etruria Hall and died there.
Wedgwood, Richard [II], circa 1725-1780.
	Sixth child of Thomas W [III]. Started as a potter, but joined army, took to drink and was lost to the family—W&W p. 71. CD's great-uncle.
Wedgwood, Richard, 1767-1768.
	Third child of Josiah W [I]. CD's uncle.
Wedgwood, Rev. Robert, 1806-1881.
	Seventh child of John W [IV]. Priest at Tenby. Rector of Dumbleton.
1833	Married 1 Frances Crewe s.p.
1848	Married 2 Mary Halsey. 1 son, 6 daughters.
Wedgwood, Rosamund, 1895-?
	Second child of Josiah Clement W. Married Istvan Bekassy.
Wedgwood, Rowland Henry, 1847-1921.
	Sixth child of Henry Allen W. Known as "Harry". A Roman Catholic. Married 1 Sophia Helen Rudd. Married 2 Agnes Harley. CD's first cousin once removed.
Wedgwood, "Sally", see Sarah Elizabeth W [III].
Wedgwood, Sarah, 1734-1815.
	Daughter of Richard W [I]. Sister of John W [III]. Known as "Sally". CD's maternal grandmother. ED's paternal grandmother. The only grandparent alive in their lifetimes.
1764	Married Josiah W [I] (a cousin).
1803	Moved to Parkfields on Maer estate.
1815	Died at Maer.

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Wedgwood, Sarah Elizabeth [I], 1776-1856 Nov. 6.
	Seventh child of Josiah W [I]. Known as Sarah. Of Parkfields. Unmarried. CD's aunt. W was popular with CD's children and at Down House almost every day. "Tall and stately, most spartan in habits, fastidious, upright and solemn"; "kept several pairs of gloves beside her so as not to soil her hands", black cotton for shaking hands with children, lighter colours for cleaner occupations such as reading books—W&W p. 245.
1823	On death of her sister Catherine, W moved from Parkfields to Camphill on Maer Heath.
1827	Moved to Camphill which took three years to build for her.
circa 1829	Wrote a biography of Tom Wedgwood, printed for the family.
1847	W moved to Petley's, Downe. Petley's was leased from Sir John Lubbock.
1856	Died at Down House.
	ED ii pp. 61-3 describes her walking funeral.
Wedgwood, Sarah Elizabeth [II], 1793-1880 Nov. 8.
	First child of Josiah W [II]. Unmarried. Known as Elizabeth or "Bessy". Hunchbacked, only a little over 4 feet tall, almost blind in old age. ED's sister. Often called "Miss Wedgwood", as eldest unmarried daughter. CD's first cousin. "I think none of us felt quite at ease with our aunt". Description of this awesome woman—EDii 105. Gravestone in Downe churchyard.
circa 1818-39	Ran sunday school in laundry room at Maer Hall.
	Before building The Ridge she had built a school on Caldy Island, near Tenby, and she also built one at Hartfield.
1846	W moved from Staffordshire and built The Ridge, Hartfield, on borders of Ashdown forest and near the Langtons.
1860	CD to Lyell, "I showed the case [of orchids] to Elizabeth Wedgwood, and her remark was 'Now you have upset your own book, for you won't persuade me that this could be effected by Natural Selection'"—MLi 156.
1866	After Charlotte Langton's death moved to 4 Chester Place, Regents Park, the Hensleigh Ws being at 1 Cumberland Place opposite.
1868	W moved to Trowmer Lodge, Downe. "The last twelve years of her life, happy with her garden, her little dog Tony, her devoted servants"—EDii 106.
1880	CD to Romanes, "As good and generous a woman as ever walked this earth"—Life of Romanes 101.
Wedgwood, Sarah Elizabeth [III], 1795-1857.
	First child of John W [IV]. Unmarried. Known as "Sally" in youth, "Eliza" later. CD's first cousin once removed. Constant companion of her parents. Deeply religious from youth.
1840	Was living with sister Jessie and husband Harry Allen and four children at Seabridge.
1843	Winter, moved to brother Robert at Tenby, with father John who died there.
Wedgwood, "Snow", see Frances Julia W.
Wedgwood, Sophia Helena, see Rudd.
Wedgwood, Sophia Marianne, 1838-1839.
	First child of Josiah W [III]. CD's first cousin once removed.
Wedgwood, "Sophy", see Katherine Elizabeth Sophia W.
Wedgwood, Susannah, 1765 Jan. 3-1817 Jul. 15.
	First child of Josiah W [I]. Known as "Sukey". CD's mother, ED's aunt. "She seems never to have been very strong"—Meteyard 357.
	Born at The Brick House, Burslem.
1796	Apr. 18 married Robert Waring Darwin.
1807	W to her brother Josiah W [II], "Everyone seems young but me".
1817	"My mother died in July 1817, when I was a little over eight years old, and it is odd that I can hardly remember anything about her except her deathbed, her black velvet gown, and her curiously constructed work-table"—LLi 27. W buried St Chad, Montford, Shropshire, in chancel. Called "Susan" on husband's tombstone.
Wedgwood, Thomas [I], circa 1617-1679.
	Potter of Churchyard House, Burslem. Sixth child of Richard W of Mowle.
1653	Married Margaret Shaw of Burslem. 5 sons, 5 daughters, also 1 illegitimate son. Third child was Gilbert. Fourth child was Thomas W [II].
Wedgwood, Thomas [II], 1660-1716.
	Potter of Churchyard House, Burslem.
1684	Married Mary Leigh of Burslem. 4 sons, 6 daughters. Second child was Thomas W [III].
Wedgwood, Thomas [III], 1685-1739.
	Potter of Churchyard House, Burslem. Although there were many W potters before T. W. he was amongst the best of them. CD's maternal great-grandfather.
circa 1710	Married Mary Stringer. 7 sons, 5 daughters. Tenth child was Catherine. Josiah W [I] was 12th and last child.
1739	Died insolvent.

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Wedgwood, Thomas [IV], 1717-1773.
	Potter but not a good one. Two marriages, five children. Josiah W [I] was apprenticed to him for five years. Churchyard House, Burslem. CD's great-uncle.
1773	Died of dropsy and in debt.
Wedgwood, Thomas [V], 1734-1788.
	Cousin of Josiah W [I]. Known as "Useful Thomas" because he made useful Queen's ware. Josiah W [I] took him into partnership for this purpose.
1766	Married Elizabeth Taylor.
1788	Died from falling into canal.
Wedgwood, Thomas [VI], 1771-1805.
	Fifth child of Josiah [I]. Unmarried. CD's uncle. W was an invalid. Biography R. B. Litchfield 1903.
	Has been described as the first photographer. EB—"To England belongs the honour of first producing a photograph". See T. W., "An account of the method of copying paintings upon glass and of making profiles by the agency of light upon nitrate of silver, with observations by H. Davy", J. Roy. Instn., Jun., 1807.
Wedgwood, Thomas Josiah, 1797-1860.
	Third child of John W [IV]. Known as "Tom". CD's first cousin. Colonel in Scots Fusiliers. W, aged 17, fought as an Ensign at Waterloo—EDi 68. St Mary's near Tenby. W&W.
1836	Married Anne Tyler, their two children dying young.
Wedgwood, "Tom", see Thomas Josiah W.
Wedgwood, Dame Veronica, see Cicely Veronica W.
Weir, Harrison William, 1824-1906.
	Artist, largely as book illustrator. Breeder of poultry and pigeons. Brother of J. J. W. CD and W were both members of Philoperisteron Club.
1852	CD sent J. Res. to.
Weir, John Jenner, 1822-1894.
	Naturalist and accountant. Controller-General H.M. Customs.
1868	Sep. 12 Sat. W stayed at Down House, with Wallace and Mrs W, and Blyth. Bates was hoped for but probably not. Hookers came for Sunday lunch; "A very good man"—MLi 309.
1868	CD to W, "I read over your last ten (!) letters this morning, and made an index of their contents for easy reference; and what a mine of wealth you have bestowed on me" [the letters on selection especially in caterpillars]—MLii 71.
1875	CD to Weismann, on W's work on selection in caterpillars—MLi 357.
Weismann, Friedrich Leopold August, 1834-1914.
	Entomologist and student of inheritance. Prof. Zoology Freiburg.
1868	Ueber die Berechtigung der Darwin'schen Theorie. Leipzig.
1872	CD to W, W was having trouble with his eyes, "eyesight is somewhat better"—MLii 95.
1872	CD to W, having read Über der Einfluss der Isolirung auf der Artbildung, Leipzig 1872—LLiii 155.
1875	CD to on selection—MLi 357.
1879	W sent CD his work on Daphnia, CD thanks for and refers to Meldola's slow progress of translation of Studien—N&R 83.
?1881	CD to W, praising Studien, "excited my interest and admiration in the highest degree"—LLiii 231.
1875-1876	Studien zur Descendenz-Theorie, Leipzig; translated by R. Meldola as Studies in the theory of descent, London 1882, with prefatory notice by CD v-vi (F1414).
"Wells"
1852	"Bucket ropes for wells", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 2:22 (Bi 252, F1680), giving the depth of the Down House well as 325 ft.
	"The subject of deep wells", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 30:518 (Bi 274, F1696).

[page] 300

Wells, Leonard Henry, ?-1903.
	W drew pictures of fowls for CD through Tegetmeier—de Beer, Introduction vii to facsimile of Questions about the breeding of animals, 1968.
Wells, William Charles, 1757-1817.
	Physician and scientist. See K. W. Wells, Isis, 64:215-225, 1973.
1757	Born Charleston, South Carolina.
1785	Settled in London.
1793	FRS.
1813, 1818	Author of Two essays, 1818, a posthumous work which contains reprints of his two previously published and fundamental papers "On dew" and "On binocular vision", with an appendix about a black and white woman, Harriet Trets, which contains the rudiments of the idea of natural selection. There is an excellent summary by Thomas Thomson, Ann. Philosophy, 1:383, May 1813, of the paper as read to the Royal Society, Apr. 1 and 8, 1813. The matter is referred to in "Historical sketch" in 3rd edition Origin, 1861.
1865	CD to Hooker, "a Yankee has called my attention to a paper attached to Dr. Wells' famous 'Essay on Dew', which was read in 1813 to the Royal Soc., but not [then] printed, in which he applies most distinctly the principle of Natural Selection to the Races of Man. So poor old Patrick Matthew is not the first".
Welsh
	No translations.
1977	Margaret Ellis Jones 1977 Adar Darwin (The birds of Darwin), Gwyddonyed 15.
1981	A good biography: R. Elwyn Hughes 1981 Darwin 126 pp, Dinbych, Wasg Gee, Y Meddwl Modern No. 7, 2 pls, published with help of Welsh Arts Council.
Welsh, Jane Baillie, 1801-1866.
	DNB.
1826	Married Thomas Carlyle.
	CD met the Carlyles on several occasions in London.
1838	CD to ED, "I cannot think that Jenny is either quite natural or quite lady-like"—MLii 13.
Werner, Abraham Gottlob, 1749-1817.
	German geologist. Proponent of the neptunian theory that all rocks were deposited as precipitation from water.
Wernerian Natural History Society, Edinburgh.
1808-1839.	The Society was active during CD's time at Edinburgh University and published Memoirs, Vols I-VIII, 1811-[1839]. CD does not seem to have been a member.
West Hackhurst
	House at Abinger, Surrey.
1879	Jun. CD and ED were lent the house from Saturday to Tuesday.
West, Esther
	Mrs Allan's maid at Downe.
1868	Friend of John Robinson, the curate, but forbidden to see him by her mother.
West, Lady Mary Catherine
	Second daughter of 5th Earl de la Warr. Holwood House, near Downe.
	Married 1 second Marquis of Salisbury. Son: R. A. T. G. Cecil.
1870	Married 2 15th Earl of Derby.
?1874	CD to W, cautioning about spiritualism—MLii 443.
1882	Jul. W called on ED at Down House from London and straight back again—EDii 260.
Westcroft
	A house in Kent which CD considered buying before he saw Down House—MLi 33.
Westwood, John Obadiah, 1805-1893.
	Solicitor and entomologist. DNB.
1855	CD proposed W for Royal Medal of Royal Society—N&R 65.
1860	W's anti-evolutionary views discussed—LLii 267. W "proposed to the last University Commission the permanent endowment of a lecturer to combat the errors of Darwinism"—Darwin and the "Origin" 15.
1861-1891	1st Hope Prof. Zoology (Entomology) Oxford.

[page] 301

Whale-Bear Story
1859, 1860, 1861	Occurs in its full form at p. 184 of 1st edition of Origin 1859; also in first four USA printings 1860, and in J. Lamont, Seasons with the sea-horses 1861. "In North America the black bear was seen by Hearne swimming for hours with widely open mouth, thus catching, like a whale, insects in the water. Even in so extreme a case as this, if the supply of insects were constant, but if better adapted competitors did not already exist in the country, I can see no difficulty in a race of bears being rendered, by natural selection, more and more aquatic in their structure and habits, with larger and larger mouths, till a creature was produced as monstrous as a whale". The reference is to Samuel Hearne, A journey from Prince of Wales Fort in Hudson's Bay, to the Northern Ocean...1769-72, London 1795.
1860	1860 edition reads "...swimming for hours with widely open mouth, thus catching, almost like a whale, insects in the water." The rest is omitted.
1860	CD to W. H. Harvey, "As it offended persons, I struck it out in the second edition; but I still maintain that there is no special difficulty in a bear's mouth being enlarged to any degree useful to its changing habits"—MLi 162.
1863	The full version is reprinted in The Press, Canterbury, NZ, in a letter from T. W. Leys, Bishop of Wellington, in controversy with Samuel Butler [II].
1881	CD to R. G. Whiteman, "This sentence was omitted in the subsequent editions, owing to the advice of Prof. Owen, as it was liable to be misinterpreted; but I have always regretted that I followed this advice, for I still think the view quite reasonable"—MLi 393.
Wharton, Mr
	Headmaster of William Erasmus D's preparatory school.
1852	CD to W. E. D., telling him to write to W—EDii 145.
Wharton, Mary Dorothea
	Daughter of Rt Hon. J. Lloyd Wharton.
1894	Married Colonel Charles Waring Darwin.
Whewell, William, 1794-1866.
	Astronomer and philosopher. DNB.
1820	FRS.
1841-1866	Master of Trinity College Cambridge.
1860	W to CD, "I cannot, yet at least, become a convert. But there is so much of thought and of fact in what you have written that it is not to be contradicted without careful selection of the ground and manner of the dissent". W refused, for some years, to allow a copy of the Origin into the Library of Trinity College—LLii 261.

[page] 302

Whitby, Mrs, see Mary Anne Theresa Symonds.
Whitby, Capt. John, R.N., ?-1806.
	Of Milford, Hampshire.
1806	Married Mary Anne Theresa Symonds.
White, Adam, 1817-1879.
	Copious writer on natural history topics, including popular books.
1835-1863	Assistant in the Zoology Department of British Museum.
1854	W applied for Chair of Natural History Edinburgh with printed testimonials, one by CD, but withdrew them on hearing that E. Forbes had applied.
1859	R. Trimen's reminiscences to Poulton, "I was at work in the next compartment to that in which Adam White sat, and heard someone come in and a cheery mellow voice say 'Good-morning Mr. White;—I am afraid you won't speak to me any more'...Ah, Sir! if ye had only stopped with the Voyage of the Beagle!"—Poulton, Darwin and the Origin, 214.
1863	W retired from British Museum with mental illness.
1864	W reprinted testimonials, including CD's, with additions, to obtain paid lecturing in Edinburgh, his native town to which he had retired.
1877	CD to Günther, "that poor mad creature"—FUL 96.
White, Nicholas, 1806-?
	Second "Master" on 2nd voyage of Beagle.
Whitehead, Mr
	W owned the first motor car in Downe. "Shadowy figure"—Atkins 102.
1900-1906	The first tenant of Down House after ED's death, leasing it.
Whiteman, R. G.
1881	CD to W, explaining why he omitted the whale-bear story from 2nd and subsequent editions of Origin—MLi 392.
Whitley, Rev. Charles Thomas, 1808-1895.
	Cousin of J. M. Herbert. Reader in Natural Philosophy Durham. Hon. Canon of Durham. Intimate friend of CD at Cambridge and had been at Shrewsbury School. Member of Gourmet Club.
1838	W invited CD to Durham—N&R 85.
1854-1895	Vicar of Bedlington, Northumberland.
Whymper, Edward, 1840-1911.
	Artist and alpinist.
1886	W made wood engraving of Boehm statue of CD, frontispiece of Rep. Darwin Memorial Fund, 1888.
Wibury, Wiltshire.
1865	A house taken by Charles Langton.
Wickham, John Clement, 1798-1864.
	Known as "Jike". Naval Officer. W was on all three voyages of Beagle. 1st Lieutenant on 2nd voyage. Captain commanding on 3rd voyage until invalided. NSW Police Magistrate.
1832	"Wickham is a glorious fine fellow". CD got on better with W than with any other officer.
1834	"Although Wickham always was growling at my bringing more dirt on board than any ten men, he is a great loss to me in the Beagle. He is by far the most conversible being on board"—Barlow, CD and the voyage of the Beagle, 59, 103.
1853-1860	W was first Government Resident at Moreton Bay (now Brisbane), Queensland.

[page] 303

Wicksted, Charles, see Tollet.
Wien
1856	There is a tradition that CD once asked Hooker where "this place Wien is, where they publish so many books". It is substantiated by CD to Hooker, "to write to 'Wien' (that unknown place)"—MLi 93.
Wiesner, Julius von, 1838-1916.
1873-1916	Prof. Botany Vienna.
1881	CD to W, about movement in plants and thanking him for sending Das Bewegungsvermögen der Pflanzen, Vienna 1881—LLiii 335.
Wilberforce, Rev. Samuel, 1805-1873.
	Third son of William Wilberforce. Known as "Soapy Sam" from his habit of "washing his hands", whilst preaching or talking. W of Origin, "the most unphilosophical work he ever read"—LLii 285; another version "the most illogical book ever written"—Lyell, Life ii, 358. DNB.
1845-1869	Bishop of Oxford.
1845	FRS.
1860	Sat. Jun. 30 W spoke anti-Origin at British Association meeting Oxford.
1860	Jul. W reviewed Origin in Quart. Rev., primed by Owen.
	Jul. 20 CD to Huxley, "I would give five shillings to know what tremendous blunder the Bishop made; for I see that a page has been cancelled and a new page gummed in" [pp. 251-252]—MLi 156.
1860	CD to Innes, "Did you see the Quarterly Review, the B. of Oxford made really splendid fun of me and my grandfather"—Darwin-Innes 207.
1869-1873	Bishop of Winchester.
1874	Essays contributed to the Quarterly Review, 2 vols, London, review of Origin, i, 23-85.
Wilhelm, Crown Prince of Germany
1881 late	Int. Med. Congr. CD was presented to "he looks a very nice and sensible and fine man"—Brent p. 499.
Wilkes, Lieut. Charles, 1798-1877.
	USA Naval Officer.
1836	W was in London fitting out US Exploration Expedition of 1838-1842. CD called on W—Carroll 6.
Wilkinson, Rev. Henry Marlow, 1828-?1906.
	W examined Utricularia for CD for Insectivorous plants.
Willett, Eliza
	Daughter of Rev. William W and Catherine E. Wedgwood. Mother of Elizabeth Cleghorn Stevenson, Mrs Gaskell.
Willett, Florence Ethel
	Daughter of Edward Guy W. Married Josiah Clement Wedgwood as second wife.
Willett, Rev. William
	Married Catherine E. Wedgwood. Father of Eliza W.
Williams
1839	A gardener, employed by CD at 12 Upper Gower St, mentioned in CD's personal mss accounts.
Williams
	A spiritualist medium.
1877	CD to Romanes, "a very clever rogue"—Carroll 513, 514.
1878	CD to Romanes, about W's exposure in Spiritualist Newspaper, 13, Sep. 2.—Carroll 548.
Williams, Arthur Charles Vaughan, 1835-1875.
	Son of Sir Edward V W. Father of Ralph Vaughan W.
1869	Married Margaret Susan Wedgwood.
Williams, Edward Hosier, ?-1844.
	Solicitor of London. Eaton Mascott, Shrewsbury.
circa 1833	1st husband of Sarah Harriet Mostyn Owen.
	CD to Catherine D at Maldonado "one of the kindest (letters) I ever received. I was very sorry to hear...that she has lost so much of the Owen constitution: I am very sure that with it none of the Owen goodness has gone"—CD and Beagle p. 85.

[page] 304

Williams, Henry, 1792-1867.
	Missionary in New Zealand. Formerly a Naval Officer. DNB.
1822	W arrived at Waimate, Bay of Islands, North Island.
1835	Dec. CD stayed at his house, "He is considered the leading person among the missionary body"—S. Afr. Christian Recorder, 231, J. Researches, 1845, 426.
Williams, Margaret Susan, see Wedgwood.
Williams, Ralph Vaughan, 1872-1958.
	Son of A. C. V. W. and M. S. V. W. Musician. Gave Leith Hill Place to National Trust.
Willis, Mr
	"My hairdresser (Willis) says...". Near Great Marlborough St. Comments on growth of hair and breeding of small dogs—C and D Notebooks.
Willis, Olive Margaret, 1877-1964.
1907-1922	Founder and Headmistress of Downe House School, which was at Down House. See Anne Ridler, Olive Willis and Downe House, London 1967.
1922-	At Cold Ash, Newbury, Berkshire.
Willis, Robert, 1800-1875.
	Engineer and historian.
1830	FRS.
1837-1875	Prof. Mechanism Cambridge.
Wills, William
	Petty Officer Armourer on 2nd voyage of Beagle, on Adventure on 1st voyage.
Wilmot, Rev. Darwin, 1845-1935.
	W's mother was second daughter of Sir Francis Sacheverel D, CD's half-second cousin. W was Headmaster of Macclesfield Grammar School.
1930	W had Erasmus D [I]'s commonplace book which he lent to Hesketh Pearson for Doctor Darwin, 225, 1930. It is now at Down House.
Wilmot, Sacheverel Darwin, 1885-?
	Second son and fourth child of Rev. Darwin W.
Wilson
1797	A missionary in Tahiti for more than 30 years, except for a short period when the missionaries had to flee to New South Wales. W arrived on mission ship Duff in 1797.
1835	Nov. CD met at Matavi.
Wilson, Alexander Stephen, 1827-1893.
	Agricultural botanist of Edinburgh.
1878-1880	CD to W, on races of Russian wheat—MLii 419.
Wilson, Belford Hinton, 1804-1858.
1832-1841	Consul General Lima.
1835	Aug. 3 "Mr Wilson, most exceedingly obliging: having been Aide de Camp to Bolivar he has travelled much of South America"—CD Diary pp. 329-32.
1842-1852	Consul General in Venezuela.
Wilson, Edmund Beecher, 1856-1939.
	Cytologist.
1881	CD to W, thanking him for information of Scyllaea, a nudibranch mollusc found on Sargassum which it closely mimics. W to Poulton, "His extraordinary kindness and friendliness towards an obscure youngster who had of course absolutely no claim on his time or attention"—Poulton, Darwin and the Origin, 107-108.
1909-1928	Prof. Zoology Columbia.
Wilson, Edward, 1814-1878.
	Australian politician. DNB.
1842	W first went to Australia in 1842. Later of Hayes Place, Kent.
1873	"Owing to the great kindness and powerful influence of Mr Wilson...I have received from Australia no less than thirteen sets of answers to my queries". This refers to CD's leaflet Queries about expression, 1867. These included one from Dyson Lacy in Queensland, who was a relative of W—Expression 19.
Winchester, Hampshire.
1846	Sep. 13 CD and ED visited Winchester and St Cross on day trip from British Association meeting at Southampton.

[page] 305

Winmarleigh, Baron, see Patten.
Winkworth, Emily
1851	Married William Shaen.
"Winter-flowering plants"
1869	"Fertilisation of winter-flowering plants", Nature, Lond., 1:85 (Bii 160).
Wiseman, Lady Catherine, see Mackintosh.
Wiseman, Sir William
	First husband of Catherine Mackintosh.
Wollaston, Thomas Vernon, 1822-1878.
	Naturalist. W wintered in Madeira and other Atlantic islands, due to ill-health, and was a specialist in their invertebrate fauna, especially beetles. DNB.
1855	CD to Hooker, "Wollaston's 'Insecta Maderensia': it is an admirable work"—LLii 44.
1860	W wrote hostile review of Origin in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 5:132.
1868	CD to Stainton, "I have been sincerely grieved to hear about poor Wollaston's affairs, in which, I am told, you have taken so kind an interest"—N&R 57.
Wonder
	Coach from London to Shrewsbury.
1835	CD to Susan D mentions it—LLi 261.
Wood, Alexander Charles, 1810-?
	Son of Thomas and Lady Caroline. Nephew of FR. BColonialist . Matriculated Trinity College, Cambridge, 1831. A colonial land and emigration commissioner. Robert FitzRoy's cousin. J.P. for Middlesex
1831	Jan. went up to Trinity.
Wood, Lady Caroline, see Lady Caroline Stewart.
Wood, Searles Valentine, 1798-1880.
	Palaeontologist and banker. DNB.
1860	W was pro-Origin—LLii 293.
Wood, Col. Thomas
	Of Oxford, 1777/8 Jan. 26-?1760. Married Lady Caroline Stewart.
Wood, Thomas W.
1870	W drew figs 9, 10 and 14, of cats and a snarling dog for Expression, 1872.
1870	CD to A. D. Bartlett, CD knew W personally in London and asks Bartlett to give him facilities at Zoological Gardens—MLii 101.
Wood, Sir William Page, Baron Hatherley, 1801-1881.
	Barrister. DNB.
1824-1879	Fellow of Trinity Cambridge.
1831	CD to Henslow "Captain Fitzroy (probably owing to Wood's letter) seems determined to make me [as] comfortable as he possibly can"—LLi 203.
1831	CD to Susan D, "Wood (as might be expected from a Londonderry) solemnly warned Fitz-Roy that I was a whig"—LLi 208.
1831	CD to Henslow, "If you see Mr Wood remember me very kindly to him"—LLi 204.
1832	"Wood and I had intended writing by the Decr packet"—Darwin-Henslow 65.
1852	Kt.
1868	1st Baron.
1868-1877	Judge, Lord Chancellor.
Woodall, Edward
	Of Wingthorpe, Oswestry, Salop.
Woodd, Ellen Sophia, 1820-1880.
1846	Married as second wife Rev. William Darwin Fox.
Woodhouse, Shropshire.
	Home of William Mostyn Owen and his children. Known as The Forest. Near Felton or near Rednall, 13 miles northwest of Shrewsbury on the Holyhead Rd. CD was often there for shooting and social occasions, both before Beagle voyage and on his return.
Woodward, Samuel Pickworth, 1821-1865.
	Malacologist. DNB.
1848-1865	Assistant Department of Geology and Mineralogy British Museum.
1851-1856	Manual of the Mollusca.
1856	Jun. CD to W, had read his Manual of the Mollusca with "much solid instruction and interest". CD hoped to see him in London in about a fortnight—Carroll 129.
1856	Jun. CD to Lyell and to Hooker, on W's views on extended continents—LLii 72-74.
1856	Jul. CD to W, on species—MLi 96.
1860	CD to W, on volcanoes—FUL 112.

[page] 306

Woodyeare, John Fountain (né Fountain), 1809-1880.
	Cambridge friend of CD.
1851-1880	Domestic Chaplain to Dowager Countess of Cavan.
Woollya
	Settlement at Tierra del Fuego.
1833	Jan. 27 R. Matthews, missionary, landed there from Beagle.
	Feb. 6 M taken off again.
Woolner, Thomas, 1825-1892.
	Sculptor. DNB.
1868	CD sat to W for bust which was finished in 1869, now in Botany School Cambridge. "It has a certain air of pomposity, which seems to me foreign to my father's expression"—Francis D LLiii 106.
	The Wedgwood relief in CD's set at Christ's College Cambridge is by W. Another copy, which Carroll 194 illustrates, is at American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.
1871	CD to W, "One reviewer ('Nature') says that they ought to be called, as I suggested in joke, Angulus Woolnerianus"—LLiii 140. Nature, Lond., Apr. has "Angulus Woolnerii". W had discovered this small cartilaginous lobe in the human pinna, which is more usually called "Darwin's peak". It is referred to in Descent i 22, with woodcut.
1877	May, W visited Down House.
1882	W was on "Personal Friends invited" list for CD's funeral.
Working Men's College, London, later Birkbeck College.
	R. B. Litchfield was one of the founders.
1873	Henrietta Litchfield—"Several times after my marriage, my father and mother invited the party to Down. The first time was in the summer of 1873...often as many as sixty or seventy"—EDii 213.
"Worms"
1869	"The formation of mould by worms", Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 20:530 (Bii 137, F1745).
1880	CD to H. Johnson, "My heart and soul care for worms and nothing else in the world just at present"—N&R 74. "Darwin had none but kindly feelings for worms"—L. Stephen, Biography of Swift see also Vegetable mould and worms.
Wormstone
	The original stone was used by CD to measure the movement of soil due to earthworms. The stone now at Down House was reconstructed by the Cambridge Instrument Company, Horace D's firm, in 1929—Atkins 118.

[page] 307

Worthing, Sussex.
1879	May 6-7 CD visited to see Anthony Rich.
1881	Sep. 8-10 the same.
Wray, Leonard Hume, 1816-1901.
	Fruit grower. CD corresponded with on trimorphic flowers of strawberries.
Wright, Chauncey, 1830-1875.
	Computor in National Almanac Office, Cambridge, Mass.
circa 1860	CD corresponded with on phyllotaxy after he had read W's papers in Astronomical J., No. 99, 1856 and Math. Monthly, 1859—LLiii 52.
1871	W reviewed Mivart's The genesis of species in N. Amer. Rev., Jul. Oct. 23, CD arranged to have it published as a pamphlet, with additions, Darwinism: being an examination of Mr St George Mivart's Genesis of species, London.
1871	Sep. CD to Hooker, describes W's review as "a very clever, but ill-written review"—MLi 332.
1872	W wrote in N. Amer. Rev. in reply to an article by Mivart in ibid., Apr.
1872	Sep. W stayed at Down House. W to Sarah Sedgwick, "I was never so worked up in my life, and did not sleep many hours under the hospitable roof"—LLiii 165, also in Letters of Chauncey Wright, 246-248.
Wrigley, Alfred, 1818-1898.
	Leonard and Horace D were educated by W.
1861-1882	Headmaster of Clapham Grammar School after C. Pritchard.
Wychfield, Huntingdon Rd, Cambridge.
	Home of Sir Francis D.
Wyman, Jeffries, 1814-1874.
	American palaeontologist. Hervey Prof. Anatomy Harvard. W was a friend of Asa Gray.
1860	CD to Lyell, W had written to CD about brains of rodents—MLi 169.
Wymonsold, Frances
17th Cent	Married William Alvey. CD's ancestor in sixth generation.
Wynne, Mr
	W was a friend of CD's father. Burckhardt spells "Wynn". Mayor of Shrewsbury. Bred horses and Malay fowl—Burckhardt.
before 1839	CD addressed some questions on animal breeding to W. A rough copy in CD's hand was transcribed by P. H. Barrett in H. E. Gruber, Darwin on man, 423-426, 1974 (F265).
Wyon, Allan, 1843-1907.
	Sculptor and medallist. Chief engraver of H.M. seals.
1882	W made bronze medallion of CD.
	Royal Society Darwin Medal was reduced from this.
	An electrotype from original wax is at British Museum (Natural History).

[page 308]

XYZ

X Club
	A small scientific dining club in London.
	Members were Busk, Hooker, Spencer, E. Frankland, Huxley, Spottiswoode, T. A. Hirst and Lubbock. All except Spencer were FRS. They dined before RS meetings, discussing its business affairs. CD was not a member and appears never to have dined with them, but he was on intimate terms with several. See J. V. Jensen, Brit. J. Hist. Sci., 5:63-72, 1970.
1864-1911	Founded 1864 and met regularly until 1892, then sporadically until 1911 on Hooker's death
1913	Last surviving member was Lubbock, died 1913.
Yahgan
	Indian tribe of eastern Tierra del Fuego, to which the four Indians taken to England by Fitz-Roy on 1st voyage of Beagle belonged. Full name Yahgashagalumoala ("the people from the mountain channel"), shortened by T. Bridges.
Yardley, Rev.
1884	Vicar of St Chad, Shrewsbury; speaks of CD at Shrewsbury School as "cheerful, good-tempered and communicative"—Woodall p. 16.
Yarrell, William, 1784-1856.
	London stationer and naturalist.
1831	CD to Susan D, Y had helped with buying equipment for Beagle voyage. "But one friend is quite invaluable...he goes to the shops with me and bullies about prices"—LLi 208.
Yiddish
1921	First edition in: Descent of man (F1138).
York Minster
	Fuegian man, taken to England by Fitz-Roy on 1st voyage of Beagle. Returned on 2nd voyage. Named after an islet near Cape Horn Island. Name in Alikhoolip language Elleparu.
1830	Y was aged about 26.
before 1872	He was killed in a quarrel.
York Minster, Tierra del Fuego.
	Southernmost peak of Waterman Island. Named by Cook who described it as "a wild-looking rock".
York Place, No. 27, Baker St, London.
1855	Jan. and Feb. CD rented this house.
	Feb. 15 returned to Down House—MLii 205, 207.
Young, George, 1819-1907.
	Lord Advocate of Scotland. DNB.
1874-1905	Judge of the Court of Session, with title "Lord Young".
1875	Y lunched at Down House—Darwin-Innes 242.
"Z", see Edward Blyth.
Zacharias, Emil Otto, 1846-1916.
	German freshwater biologist of Geestemünde.
1877	CD to Z, had sent him a pig's foot with an extra digit, which W. H. Flower examined—Carroll 511, 512.
1877	CD to Z, on the development of his belief in evolution, "When I was on board the Beagle I believed in the permanence of species"—MLi 367.
1876	Zur Entwicklungstheorie, Jena.
1882	Charles R. Darwin und die Culturhistorische Bedeutung seiner Theorie vom Ursprung der Arten, Berlin.

[page] 309

Zeeuwsch Genootschap der Wetenschappen te Middleburg
1877	CD Foreign Member.
Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park.
1826	Founded.
1831	CD Corresponding Member.
1839	Fellow.
1882	Apr. CD to W. Van Dyck, "the Zoological Society which is much addicted to mere systematic work"—LLiii 253.
Zoology of the Beagle
1838-1843	The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain Fitzroy, during the years 1832 to 1836, edited and with notes by CD; 19 numbers making up 5 parts.
1838-1840	Part I, Fossil Mammalia, 4 numbers, by Richard Owen.
1838-1839	Part II, Mammalia, 4 numbers, by G. R. Waterhouse.
1838-1841	Part III, Birds, 4 numbers, by John Gould [and G. R. Gray].
1840-1842	Part IV, Fish, 4 numbers, by Leonard Jenyns.
1842-1843	Part V, Reptiles [and Amphibia], 2 numbers, by Thomas Bell. (F8-9).
1975	Facsimile Part V only (F9a).
1979	Whole (F9b).
"Zoophilus", see Edward Blyth.

[page 310]

Barlow, Nora editor 1945 Charles Darwin and the voyage of the Beagle. 279 pp, 15 pls, chart, London, Pilot Press.

Brent, Peter 1981 Charles Darwin: "A man of enlarged curiosity". 236 pp, 28 pls, 2 pastedown charts, London, Heinemann.

Clark, Ronald W. 1984 The survival of Charles Darwin: the biography of a man and an idea. x+449 pp, 31 pls, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

Darwin, Bernard Richard Meirion 1876-1961. Son of Francis Darwin. Essayist, sports writer and golf correspondent of The Times, 1908-53..

Darwin, Sir Francis 1917 Rustic sounds and other studies in literature and natural history. 231 pp, 1 pl., text figs, London, John Murray.

Darwin, Sir Francis 1920 Springtime and other essays. xii+242 pp, 8 pls, London, John Murray.

Eiseley, Loren 1979 Darwin and the mysterious Mr. X. xii+278 pp, 12 pls, London, J. M. Dent, New York, E. P. Dutton.

Freeman, R. B. 1984 Darwin pedigrees. viii+84 pp, 9 pls, London, the author.

Herbert, Sandra editor The red notebook of Charles Darwin, Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Historical Series, Vol. 7 pp. 1-164, text figs, 1980.

Keynes, Richard Darwin editor 1979 The Beagle record: selections from the original pictorial records and written accounts of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. xiv+409 pp, pls and charts in text, University Press, Cambridge.

Tee, Garry [ref. to N.Z. paper].

Wedgwood, Barbara and Hensleigh 1980 The Wedgwood circle 1730-1897: four generations of a family and their friends. xiii+386 pp, 13 col. and 119 pl. pls, London, Studio Vista.

Woodall, Edward 1884 Charles Darwin, Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society Vol. VIII, part 1, pp. 1-64, portrait, 6 pls. as a book London, Trübner and Co., Oswestry printed, 1884.

Tee, G. J. 1978 Charles Darwin's contacts with New Zealand, N.Z. Genetical Society Newsletter No. 4, pp. 45-52.

Darwin, Bernard R. M. 1955 The world Fred made. 256 pp, 8 pls, London, Chatto and Windus.

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