RECORD: Darwin, C. R. [1864].04.22-25. Hop / A good shoot was swinging. CUL-DAR157.1.4. (John van Wyhe ed., 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/)
REVISION HISTORY: Transcribed by Christine Chua and edited by John van Wyhe 4.2023. RN2
NOTE: See record in the Darwin Online manuscript catalogue, enter its Identifier here. Reproduced with permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library and William Huxley Darwin.
The volumes CUL-DAR157.1-2 contain notes, abstracts etc. for Darwin's long paper and later book Climbing plants (1865). It was also commercially available as a softbound offprint, F834, F834a. See R. B. Freeman's bibliographical introduction. Items CUL-DAR157.1.11-60 were in a folder marked "Twiners". Items CUL-DAR157.1.61-112 were in a folder marked "Leaf-climbers" and items CUL-DAR157.1.114-147 were in a folder marked "Tendrils".
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Hop. April 22d.
A good shoot was swinging, by black spots I ascertained that terminal internode was changing covexity all day; not yet self-twisted at 8º P.m tied up shoot leaving only a shoot 2 1/2 inches long, with basal internode 1 3/4 long.
I found that this little shoot revolved a little by 9º 30' P.m. —
(All done)
23d. at 6º 20' A.m. basal internode 2 inches long marked position of this shoot & I found it revolved at 3º. 35' reached made in about 9º. 15' so slow — the basal internode had now grown in about 20º to length of 2 3/8 long.— The next was completed I suspect in about 3º, viz at 6º 35' but as shoot became straight, it was hard to judge.— Average from other paper. 2º. 8'. (but about 2º. 5' wd be truer) of one case of 2º. 20' omitted)
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April Circle
22d 1st supposed —(at least this one)
23' 2d. 9º hour circle — (latter part faster)
3' 3º supposed or rather more than 3º. 4'. 5' 6' 7th circles during night at rate of rather above 3 hour per circle
24th April.— 8th circle from 7º 13' to 9º 58 (= 2º 45') Shoot now 3 1/2 inches long & bearing shoot above 1 inch.
Day very cold
― 9th circle To 12º. 58' = 2º. 30'. The little ultimate internodes is now about 1 inch long & black dot show slight movement. (Light has very little effect on movement of Hop.) —
8 3 [+] 3 4 [+] 2 4 [=] 14 3/8
10th circle 12º 28 to 2º. 56 = 2º- 28'
11th circle 2º 26' to 5º 45' = à X 2º 49'. Then suddenly swing a semicircle
12th circle (Internode now 4 7/8 long) 6º. 45' P.m.
12th Circle 5º 45' to 7º. 52' = 2º. 7'
13th circle 7º. 52' to 10º. 18' = 2º. 26'
During night from 10º. 18' to 8º 55'. 14th, 15', 16 17th circles supposed to travel at average of 2º. 39'. per circle.
But last circle certainly very slow —
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April 25th. 7º. 30' A.m. One internode 6 inches long, carrying penultimate 1 7/8 of inch; & this a minute internode. —
9º to 11º 45' = 2º. 45' — eighteenth circle—
11º: 45' to 1º. 57' = 2º 12' — Nineteenth circle
1º. 57' to 4º. 3 = 2º. 6' — 20th. (15 inches in diameter) tip passed stick in advance
4º. 3' to 6º. 3'. = 2º. 0' — 21st tip in advance. At 6º. P.m. penultimate internode 2 1/2 long.
From 6º 3' P.m. to 7º 13 A.m. (26th) five turns at 2º 37'
April 26th 7º. 13' to 9º 50' = 2º. 37" — 27th revolution at 7º. 30' A.m. one shoot basal 8 3/8 long; the second 3 1/2 & ultimate 2 1/2 long — Circle of 19 inches performed. Lower part of shoot moves little — The internodes now sometime serpentine, from opposed movement
9º 50' to 2º 32' (28th & 29th revolutions) at average of 2º 21'. —
2º. 32' to 5º 2' = 2º. 30' (30th Rev.) (at 3º. 30' (.) 2 ft diameter)
5º 2' 7º 35' = 2º. 35' (31st Rev.) Cold day.
During night. (4 Revolutions) at 2º 3'6:— (32, 33, 34th, 35th Rev.)
April 27th. 6º 25' to 9º. 58 = 2º. 33' (36th Revolution)
(at 7º A.m. lower internode 9 inch., next 6 inches) & kept same length at 12º. —)
9º. 58' to 11º 30' = 1º. 32'. This the last revolution was more properly semicircle, for shoot cut across its circular
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course & became upright, as I could no longer distinguish circular movement, from the swinging of top of internode from weight of uppermost shoots, I load the lower internode, so as to bend it, but all movement had ceased.—
I noticed today during each revolution, that shoot straightened itself in one part of course, but generally bent at right, with upper part bowed down, sometimes with tip turned up. — It is clear that I am right in looking at upright shoot bowed in all part & reversing its bowing —
This lower internode after 37 revolutions was twisted on axis exactly 3 times. —
Pressure of forked stick does not cause flexure— A twisted stem can twine.—
Citation: John van Wyhe, ed. 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online. (http://darwin-online.org.uk/)
File last updated 28 December, 2025