RECORD: Darwin, C. R. [1864].04.22-25. Hop / A good shoot was swinging. CUL-DAR157.1.4. Edited by John van Wyhe (Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/)
REVISION HISTORY: Transcribed by Christine Chua and edited by John van Wyhe 4.2023. RN1
NOTE: See record in the Darwin Online manuscript catalogue, enter its Identifier here.
The volumes CUL-DAR157.1-2 contain notes, abstracts etc. for Darwin's long paper and later book Climbing plants (1865). It was also commercially available as a softbound offprint, F834, F834a. See R. B. Freeman's bibliographical introduction. Items CUL-DAR157.1.11-60 were in a folder marked "Twiners". Items CUL-DAR157.1.61-112 were in a folder marked "Leaf-climbers" and items CUL-DAR157.1.114-147 were in a folder marked "Tendrils". Reproduced with permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library and William Huxley Darwin.
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Hop. April 22d.
A good shoot was swinging, by black spots I ascertained that terminal internode was changing covexity all day; not yet self-twisted at 8° P.m tied up shoot leaving only a shoot 2 1/2 inches long, with basal internode 1 3/4 long.
I found that this little shoot revolved a little by 9° 30' P.m. —
(All done)
23d. at 6° 20' A.m. basal internode 2 inches long marked position of this shoot & I found it revolved at 3°. 35' reached made in about 9°. 15' so slow — the basal internode had now grown in about 20° to length of 2 3/8 long.— The next was completed I suspect in about 3°, viz at 6° 35' but as shoot became straight, it was hard to judge.— Average from other paper. 2°. 8'. (but about 2°. 5' wd be truer) of one case of 2°. 20' omitted)
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April Circle
22d 1st supposed —(at least this one)
23' 2d. 9° hour circle — (latter part faster)
3' 3° supposed or rather more than 3°. 4'. 5' 6' 7th circles during night at rate of rather above 3 hour per circle
24th April.— 8th circle from 7° 13' to 9° 58 (= 2° 45') Shoot now 3 1/2 inches long & bearing shoot above 1 inch.
Day very cold
― 9th circle To 12°. 58' = 2°. 30'. The little ultimate internodes is now about 1 inch long & black dot show slight movement. (Light has very little effect on movement of Hop.) —
[calculations not transcribed]
10th circle 12° 28 to 2°. 56 = 2°- 28'
11th circle 2° 26' to 5° 45' = à X 2° 49'. Then suddenly swing a semicircle
12th circle (Internode now 4 7/8 long) 6°. 45' P.m.
12th Circle 5° 45' to 7°. 52' = 2°. 7'
13th circle 7°. 52' to 10°. 18' = 2°. 26'
During night from 10°. 18' to 8° 55'. 14th, 15', 16 17th circles supposed to travel at average of 2°. 39'. per circle.
But last circle certainly very slow —
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April 25th. 7°. 30' A.m. One internode 6 inches long, carrying penultimate 1 7/8 of inch; & this a minute internode. —
9° to 11° 45' = 2°. 45' — eighteenth circle—
11°: 45' to 1°. 57' = 2° 12' — Nineteenth circle
1°. 57' to 4°. 3 = 2°. 6' — 20th. (15 inches in diameter) tip passed stick in advance
4°. 3' to 6°. 3'. = 2°. 0' — 21st tip in advance. At 6°. P.m. penultimate internode 2 1/2 long.
From 6° 3' P.m. to 7° 13 A.m. (26th) five turns at 2° 37'
April 26th 7°. 13' to 9° 50' = 2°. 37" — 27th revolution at 7°. 30' A.m. one shoot basal 8 3/8 long; the second 3 1/2 & ultimate 2 1/2 long — Circle of 19 inches performed. Lower part of shoot moves little — The internodes now sometime serpentine, from opposed movement
9° 50' to 2° 32' (28th & 29th revolutions) at average of 2° 21'. —
2°. 32' to 5° 2' = 2°. 30' (30th Rev.) (at 3°. 30' (.) 2 ft diameter)
5° 2' 7° 35' = 2°. 35' (31st Rev.) Cold day.
During night. (4 Revolutions) at 2° 3'6:— (32, 33, 34th, 35th Rev.)
April 27th. 6° 25' to 9°. 58 = 2°. 33' (36th Revolution)
(at 7° A.m. lower internode 9 inch., next 6 inches) & kept same length at 12°. —)
9°. 58' to 11° 30' = 1°. 32'. This the last revolution was more properly semicircle, for shoot cut across its circular
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course & became upright, as I could no longer distinguish circular movement, from the swinging of top of internode from weight of uppermost shoots, I load the lower internode, so as to bend it, but all movement had ceased.—
I noticed today during each revolution, that shoot straightened itself in one part of course, but generally bent at right, with upper part bowed down, sometimes with tip turned up. — It is clear that I am right in looking at upright shoot bowed in all part & reversing its bowing —
This lower internode after 37 revolutions was twisted on axis exactly 3 times. —
Pressure of forked stick does not cause flexure— A twisted stem can twine.—
Citation: John van Wyhe, ed. 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online. (http://darwin-online.org.uk/)
File last updated 18 July, 2023