(1

Echinops lobata (?).

(t 8 or 9 inches long)

June 16. 1863 (Anguria internodes move)

I touched gently rubbed nearly straight tendril, with tip a little arched up, on lower side, & in 4' n became nearly straight & in short 1/2 hour time whole position of tendril was changed. — I suspect spiral movement.

In the Costis bicolor (?) a free tendril moved quickly after being touched; but those that had one half or fork clasped, appeared very little sensitive. —

June 17 Pea with branched tendrils hooked & apparently not sensitive till I suppose clasps something; did not move for after for 20' after being touched —

Echinops. I find whole summit of stem curls round, in spire of growth & as trifid tendrils stand out at

(2

Echinops Echinocystis lobata.

∟', (in this case 7 1/2 long,] they sweep circle of 15 inches in diameter. I touched accidentally tendril; but I doubt whether this caused movement. Performed 180° in about 3/4 to 1 of hour & whole circle in about in two Hours 3/4 of the circle. It moves like hands of watch.

After this tendril fluctuated to either side, but was now pointing to light. No for it then moved from light opposed to watch & became perpendicular & then rapidly moved backwards as if to resume original position; & then stood exactly opposite the 1st position — no it does not stand, it had quickly re moved 1/4 of circle like watch— I could see movement— 5°. 15'. movement goes on like clock, has now far passed original position so as to have more than completed circle. —

Rubbing on opposite side did not check or

[2v]

(As all shoots moving at different rates & from different centre, often come into contact but do not seize each other— A thin thread put over a tendril caused to become hooked by a touch, did not clasp it.)

(3

alter movement— This tendril all day has swept a hemisphere 15 inches in diameter. — From 1°. 15' to 7°. 15' it moved like watch hand more than twice entirely round (besides going back 1/2 circle) — The movement goes only short way down stem

Jun 18' I see movement both ways

(Certainly to touch or rub in 1' make tip of tendril curl into hook.—)

3° P.m. Performed 180° like watch in 3/4 of hour.: the whole ⊙ in 1°. 25'—) It moved a little on & then moved back some degrees stood still & recontinued its old course — The circle is more that 15 inches as bent top of stem travel round. = 6° 15' a second circle completed, this has taken 1° 50' minutes no doubt owing above retrograde movement.=

7° 45' another circle completed (ie in 1°. 30') = at 9° had moved only 90° more, but I am nearly sure had retrograded─

(4

June 19th 8°. 40' set stick. (I find I was wrong stem moves in reverse direction to hand of watch, taking stem as centre on which hand turns. At 11° 30' had moved only about 190° & in reversed direction to previous days, viz really like hand of clock. — Cold gloomy days.— At 12° movement began to retrograde & go in usual way; at 12°. 50' set stick.— 2° 30' all definite movements have stopped, except towards light!!

June 20th. 1°: 7' set stick on new Branch opposite upper tendril painted line along stem. — (N. B in Hothouse tendril very sensitive towards tip & become hooked from touch, but does not soon form coil —) Half-hour after I found them in helix; (slowly the Helix untwined itself) The above tendril moved in about 2 1/2 hours 3/4 of circle till about 1/4 to 4° & I then saw in the

[4v]

1° 45' {

1° 45' {

2° 0' {

50 [-] 35 [=] 15

(5

space between leaf & tendril & next lower leaf, (but not in stem beneath or in the little shoot above) that the red line was twisted; showing that stem rotates. I now think light has some effect: the stops in movement & retrograde movement have all been when the shoot has faced window. — 1° 45' { At 4° 45' 50' the stem had retrograded to its natural original position!

at 5° 25' had travelled (reverse of watch) 180°

1° 45' {at 6°. 35 completed circle — tendril upright

at 7°. 15. another 1/2 circle.

8° 20' completed circle, 2d circle, no sufficient twisting!

10° 10' about 30° less than 3d circle

2° 0' {21st 8°. 45', (has already revolved full 1/2 circle from 8° retrograde to watch)

10° 45' a whole circle with watch

12. 5' now has been going retrograde to watch 3/4 of circle

2° 20 has now completed circle

(6

Completed more than 1/2 circle & stood is now at 4°. 25' retrograding— did not watch more

Jun 22d. Brought in from Hothouse at 11°— remained stationary for 1 1/2 — 1 3/4. A 1° 5 had travelled with watch 90°: by 2° reached first starting point: so completed circle in about 1 1/2, & then stood still for at least 2°. (4°. P.m.) 8 hours! (till 10° P. m.

23d. did not move all day!! But one other shoot, viz tip of the old shoot did revolve.

24th Did not move; I feel pretty sure now that the young shoots alone move at top, though the lower part of shoot not fixed

The young shoot today completed € in 2° retrograde to watch; & then summit oscillated from side to side

[6v]

The shoot or internode this day (25th) observed is 3 1/3 inch long—

All the leaves face regularly to the light & yet, we have seen, this does not interfere with the movements. —

The b ink mark on paper-vane was sometimes up & sometimes down; (& tendril itself is sometimes nearly upright & sometime inclined;) but I never saw red-line more than 1/2 twisted. How on earth can the stem rotate so much??

(7

25th. I have now ascertained that the internode which moved yesterday is now absolutely motionless, but upper internode, which is surmounted by quite little leaves has moved rapidly all day —

I began to observe at 8° 48' & I believe completed two circles, with watch by 1°. 15 or sooner. —

At 1°. 10' set mark for upper tendril, it now moves retrograde to watch; at 3°.20' circle completed. — At 5° second circle completed retrograde to watch — At 6°. 30' third circle completed, still retrograde to watch— At 8°. 25' fourth circle completed a till retrograde to watch. —

[from previous page] 5 ⊙ in 9° 5' {At 10° 15'. fifth circle completed, & was afterwards still slowly moving on retrograde to watch: at 9. 55' moved very slow, & as often seen before the tendril rose up & almost fell over: the tendril at end of twig form a Y & the above movement seems necessary to get over end of shoot [sketch]

[7v]

I see Tendrils of Passion fl. curl soon after touch & then straighten themselves.

In Pea in 40' when hook part round stick, no change—

(8

June 26th. The shoot observed yesterday has oscillated much slowly backwards & forwards but has performed one circle with watch very slowly. I think the new shoot above moves to certain extent independently & has performed two (one with watch, one retrograde) circles; the latter in 1° 45'— it then became in evening nearly stationary

June 27th Old Tendril stationary

7° 50 movement in young tendril began.

8° 20' to 10° 5' 10. 45' circle completed, retrograde to w.

I then got muddled either tendril oscillated or as I suspect made 2 circles.

3°. 15 to 5° 10, 1°. 55' circle completed retrograde to w.

5° 50' I saw tendril lift itself over shoot & then in nearly perpendicular position for form circle.

7°. 5 tied shoot above tendril to stick. (set goniometer) in projecting part; (angle had altered from previous setting)—

(9

June 28th. The tendril which was moving yesterday, today only oscillated & never made circle. I noticed that it oscillated moved in one direction whilst the young upper & new tendril moved in opposite direction neither making circle. — (This older tendril which had ceased rotatory movement still clearly retained sensitiveness at tip. It is certain from several trials that base of main tendrils & of two branches are not sensitive only the tip.)—

I believe that touching tip & causing it to become hooked at once stops the rotatory movement

Now for the young tendril, which had been oscillating since moving at 11° 10' tied shoot above & below tendril: at 11° 45 began to move.

From this time to t. 4°. 30 it oscillated

(10

June 28' continued)

about 45° on each side of marking stick

Starting at 4° 30' when by mark it had moved 90° by 5° 40' (retrograde to watch)

At 6° 5' the tendril began to rise, as if to get over stick to which shoot tied, & rose to angle of 67° above horizon; it did not get well over shoot, but fell from window to opposite side & then continued same circular movement till it reached stick at 6°. 25'; so that, though tied it completed quasi circle in 2°.

The circle was thus— [sketch] marking stick

When it had reached the marking stick the tendril formed with horizon only angle of 37°.

(At 7°. 20' fixed shoot in new & horizontal position, tying shoot above & below same

(11

(same tendril. By this change tendril depended & being touched became hooked by 9° 30 had risen to a little above horizontal position & tendril had become quite straight: at 9°. 45 about 23° above horizon.— All the movement in vertical plane describe cannot depend on any movement in shoot.— At 9°. 45 began to move & moved with watch about 45° & then by 10°. 50' retrograded to starting point.

29th Began moving at 7°. 30 & during night had moved about 110°— The tendril had now risen to 53° above horizon; & as last night it was at least 45° below horizon has moved vertically upwards, (perhaps not base) 100°. — (see p. 14) During whole day this tendril has oscillated & from side of the marking stick, sometimes 80° on one side & perhaps 50° on other

(12

but never completed circle; it cannot cross over to other side — it passed the stick every hour or less.

At 2°. 30' I freed whole shoot, & tendril oscillated; but did not complete a €; not ellipse either cramped or become too old.

On a nice separate branch, with tendril moving, I cut off at 2°. 55 latter close (to see whether its weight caused twisting of shoot), & subsequently leaf opposite tendril was then horizontal; I subsequently till 8°. 45' watched this leaf, & found it subsequently three times slewed to one side & three times horizontal

The change, was twice effected, 1 1/2 & 1 3/4 hour.

My theory is that tendril sweep backwards & forwards on one side, & that by slewing or twigs of stem, the weight of tendril causes it over to opposite side of shoot & then come back & makes movement circular.

(13

The retrograding in middle of move & pauses & uplifting of tendril depends on these two movements not coinciding—

June 30th Watched the shoot with tendrils cut off. At 7° 45 shoot opposite

{3° perhaps a whole turn missed {9° 40' had moved 30° to left

{10. 45 back to stick

interval

1°. 50' {11. 45. do {1.35 do

1° 35' {3. 10 do

1°. 35' {4. 45 do with tendril cut off

1°. 50' {6°. 35' do

1°. 50' {8. 25. do

So we see this shoot moved about 3° from side to side at least 6 times, in 12 1/2 hours; with each move the leaf pointed in different direction, towards the heavens, by as much as 130°.— but

(14

this chiefly due to bending of shoot itself. I did not notice much twisting I did a little; but then I perhaps watched too — I imagine the twisting must cause the lateral movement.—

The other shoot tied, with tendril oscillated about 50°, in 1°. 20' — The tendril itself twists.!—

(At 2°. 30'. altered position of tendril by twisting stem about 90° so that it depended, thus; at 3°. 5 [sketch] —tendril

had become horizontal at 3°. 35° above horizontal & began to move laterally & then oscillated, a little & moved one I guess about 90°, but movements slow & imperfect.—)

(15

July 1'. I have been observing same shoot with the A tendrils cut off: I fixed Vane at end [sketch] of shoot to trace movements. Taking extreme position the vane showed a twist of 180°,— In most cases the vane passing through horizontal position.

Generally the gyratory twist was less — Shoot always moved from side to side with the twist; the extreme twists corresponding with extreme position of shoot — The movements take took from hour to hour & 1/2 & went on all day.─

I also watched another young shoot with B young tendril which oscillated 10° or 110° but never made complete €. The tip of shoot also oscillated; & a Vane fixed on tip showed gr twisting in the shoot of about 100°, in 1°. 20'. Subsequently twisted 90° in one hour — The extreme twist observed was 140° to 150°, generally not so much — it a a second time moved 90° in 1°. 5'.

(16

July 2d. Examined all day shoot with tendril, which yesterday only oscillated. This day I watched 5 complete circles, all with hands of watch.

8° 55' to 10. 35' = 1°. 40'

10°. 35' to 12. 20. = 1°. 45'

12. 20 to 1. 45 = 1°. 25'??

1. 45 to 3. 25 = 1. 40'

3. 25 to 5. 10 = 1. 45'} times of gyration.

White tip of shoot moves certainly 90° & I am almost sure all round; shoot much inclined & tip bowed over by weight of tendril. I believe this cause gyration of shoot itself. I saw tendril rise twice as it passed over shoot at end. The movement varies in rapidity, is sometimes very rapid; sometimes pause or even slightly retrogrades. The symmetrical change

(17

change in position of vane, is only explicable on shoot going round, Yet the position of vane could be represented only on hollow hemisphere, so various. — Twice I saw at point, where tendril had to cross over its own shoot, the vane in very short time twist round 180° — this quite agrees with my theory. Once shoot was caught by side tendril, & when I freed it suddenly turned 90°. This did not take place exactly at same point in the two circles, as recorded.

This twist was with motion of tendril & plainly helped to carry it over shoot.

(18

July 3d. I observed but little, I traced shoot itself rotate at least 110° & I am almost certain whole circle.—

During part of its rotation of 90°. I carefully observed vane; in 1° 10' the vane became completely by slow steps reversed, showing twist in stem of 180°. — It then in 20' returned to first position & the vane had again passed through 180°. —

July 5. Plant last night in Hothouse. Left-hand shoot nearly quite upright, with 3 vanes, showing that certainly no rotation in shoot, yet I certainly traced tendril make two circles in 1°. 17' 1°. 33'.— It was most curious to see tendril move, plainer than hand of large clock. [sketch]

It assumed during its circles, these two positions: the movement being very rapid as it mounted up vertically in front of uppermost little shoot.

(19

The whole tendril straightened itself. Movement exactly like that of the Cissus. Had I not so often seen gyration of shoot, with tendrils cut off, I shd have doubted. The weight & length of tendril bowed the shoot once during its gyration; but shoot of course always pointed in same direction. There was not much change in angle, perhaps about 10°, between uppermost shoot & base of tendril. Above two circles made with watch.— I afterwards bent down shoot to nearly horizontal to see if shoots themselves would twist, but this change produced no effect. Are tendrils too young? I doubt.─

(20

July 6th — Plant on middle table. Left-Hand shoot upright— tendril completed € in 1°. 25', & the vanes did not move; movement just like Cissus — moved plant to window & bent down the whole shoot by weight.— It then oscillated from right to left: I fully believe whole shoot did so 45° on each side of mark; & the 2 upper vanes; The shoot changed sometime 90° & occasionally twice even 180°— The 2 upper vanes from being parallel, became widely remote at 90° to each other which was real rotation of axis; more especially as the oldest of the 3 vanes remained stationary. The tendril never made perfect rotation. About 8° the end of the shoot turned up & became vertical.

The right-hand shoot was put in window & bent down; but end after a time became vertical: the tendril then made 2 circles each in exactly 1°. 30'; & the vanes showed no rotation of axis, so case again like Cissus. The tip of the shoot bent to all points of compass, but this apparently wholly due to

(21

weight of tendril; I attended to direction of shoot & it was stationary, except a slight degree of movement which would be accounted for by bending of extreme point, Here no rotation & & no movement of whole shoot.— The tendril performed but a small circle.—

We thus see two movements which may be separate — lateral oscillation of shoot, which is probably due to the alternate twisting if axis — And secondly simple movement of tendril in circle (when shoot upright) which drags with it tip of shoot, which latter keep always on same side of tendril. — When the two movements combined, as centre of movement changes place, & twisting of axis. The tendril sweeps a far longer & more complicated circle:—

July 7th I watch a shoot & tendril which was oscillating: I am now almost certain, that there is no movement except slight bending of uppermost bit shoot, which faces in different directions & gives appearance of moving, whether caused by weight of tendril or gyration must be proved.─

(22

July 8th.— Left-hand shoot cut off every tendril— The whole shoot oscillated backwards & forward laterally (I do not know whether it rose or not) over an angle of perhaps 20°, each time in 20' or 40'.— Certainly constant lateral movement of shoot without any tendrils. The red line on shoot became slightly twisted.—

Right-hand: twice I traced the upper little internode & terminal rosette pointing all round compass & bowed outwards— one circle in 1°. 30, the second in 1°. 25' — Red line seemed twisted, about 90°, along upper half of main internode.

I then observed that the lower main internode, that beneath the moving tendril changed position from vertical to about 50°

(23

above horizon— This carried the junction of moving tendril with the stem about 2 1/2 & 3 inches from first place where it stood & so causes tendril to sweep bigger circle. This internode showed by red line a little twisting —

I then watched this main internode, neglecting little upper one & rosette of leaves. In 1°. 35. it pointed round 3/4 of circle, being inclined to these various points & then cut ([sketch]) across: (but as little rosette pointed all ways this would in other cases have done so. During circuit the internode stood vertical & at 45° to horizon.

It is most curious to see tendril from below straighten itself & rise— internode was bowed & straightened itself — Red line became twisted about 90°

(24

I then tied shoot beneath leaf at base of this internode t. show that movement was not in lower internodes: it then moved in 1°. 35' laterally only about 120° or 130° [sketch] & made a rapid cut across as before.—

Then, when internode stood at about 65° with horizon, I suddenly cut off tendril, but internode hardly rose, showing that its inclined position is not due to weight of tendril acting on elastic internode. After cutting off the tendril at 8°. 45, the internode moved laterally (in usual course with watch) at 45°; at 9° 35 (& to 50') had become upright, so this movement could hardly have been elasticity.—

(25

Imagine tendril horizontal & facing window with rosette & main internode inclined towards window — it then moves laterally to right, apparently dragging Rosette & internode with it — Tendril then straitens itself & rises wonderfully, & so do R. & T. — All & sweep on their circle or make short cut— — looks as if all dragged & bowed by weight of moving tendril —; but not rising when tendril cut — bowing & str & twisting of red line opposed & especially internode traveling on after tendril cut off, proves that internode has same power of spontaneous movement as tendril.

Twisting of axis seem to occur when tendril straightens itself & moves rapidly — slowness perhaps opposed movement of axis—

(26

July 9th. Watched shoot, of which (p 24) tendril had been cut off; it moved laterally from side to side, over space of nearly 90° twice, & cam back to starting point each time in 1°. 25' & in 1°. 20'. — During this movement main lower internode & young upper one, were sometimes in part of course straight & sometimes in part arched laterally, & this caused change of direction; the two internodes in part of their course also curved upwards. The red line became slightly twisted. So that movement similar to that when tendril was attached; if weight of tendril as it moved had bowed outwards the tip of shoot, the course would have been circular: as it was course was

[26v]

(July 12th I ascertained that Bryony & great thick tendrils of Vegetable Marrow were sensitive; the latter soon coiling after a rub into a helix.) The Tendrils of Vegetable marrow straightened themselves)

The single tendrils of Everlasting Peas curl up after touch on concave side—

(27

just the same as in the cases of semicircles. — The coincidence of time & rising of shoots convinces me that movement if shoot plays part in general phenomenon & may account for varying rapidity & largeness & completeness of circle, but I cannot follow out details.— far more generally movement with watch. —

July 12' I tied branch above & below tendril in morning, but much disturbed it— it oscillated a very little backwards & forwards & became perpendicular & more or less inclined. From 2°. 30' to 8° watched it more carefully;— it oscillated; but the tip of tendril certainly pointed to point 130° apart, taking extreme point of movement— (basal part of— tendril nearly stationary.─

(28

July 13th

(Lateral t. touched convex surface, no effect, touched concave side, in 2' curved.

Other lateral t. p rubbed with pencil 4 times no effect — then touched concave side in 10' well hooked.

Experiment repeated on lateral t. of old stationary t, with same result.

Rubbed 5 times on convex surface terminal t. no effect — rubbed 3 times with same pencil concave surface, almost instantly hooked & formed a helix. The gyration of whole tendril not stopped

Rubbed at same time one lat: t: on convex surface no effect (subsequently rubbed became hooked) & the other lateral t. on inside & became immediately hooked. —

It is proved that concave side of the tip of tendril which is almost a little curved, is alone highly sensible (& hence contrast of period with Cissus) — it fully act as hook, when drawn over twigs.)

(29

(I tied the shoot close beneath young Tendril, which oscillated backwards & forwards, i.e. the point of tendril was directed to opposite point, very nearly 75° apart.

I then cut the lashing so whole shoot free: it soon began to travel & completed a circle in 2°. 10', the movement was rapid as tendril became upright & was slow on opposite side of circle. I then traced it for 1°. 15', when it performed about 3/4 of circle. Hence it is clear that the lashing puts proper gyration out of action. During this second partial circle, there was a rapid & slow movement as before; & I observed, that the footstalk of leaf, opposite the tendril, changed its angle, whilst

(30

the movement was slow & whilst the tendril depended much, in manner to almost convince me that the axis of shoot was gyrating in opposed direction to movement of tendril; & again whilst tendril was rising & straightening itself & moving rapidly that axis of shoot was moving with tendril. I could not by many Tendril with my hand reinstate position of leaf & footstalk. I must say that movement of shoot & tendril co act; but that I cannot exactly tell how; but state as above. —

14th (Certainly hooking of tip of tendril does not stop gyration of shoot. —

I find rubbing many times gently with pencil at base

(31

of lateral & terminal tendrils (not peduncle) does not cause any movement.— but this part of tendril is sensitive to prolonged touch; for by putting stick in course of movement, a that tendril struck it about 2 inches from tip. The point of [illeg] bent down at ∟' & then curled round irregularly so that it was knotted firmly to stick, the curled apex of tendril did not catch. When the curled tip is dragged like hooks a hook across sticks they it catch X quickly, & then contracting e little way from apex, the this apex is pushed further round the stick, & curls itself into flat disk helix, thus drawing the tendril more round the stick.

July 15th. Last night I marked a point with varnition one tendril, the tip of which formed a single circle & this point had X crawled onwards & now was curled twice round the stick; so in another tip tendril, the tip of which had formed a flat helix on flat side of stick (the helix uncurled this morning)) this also

(32

, as shown by red spot had crawled onwards. & It cannot be crawling, but must be by some alternate pressure of parts & adaptation of curvature. I first thought it was growth just like Hop: & so used varnition varnition spots, which proved [illeg]not growth.— The curvature of tip seems agent for drawing, — this being pressed on stick or curled flat into helix, which afterwards open out. Begin by saying if hooked tip alone strike stick, so that it do surrounds either stick once or only half, it will complete two circles, by this crawling movement.—

Spiral [illeg]

(The tendril which caught stick some way from tip yesterday at 2°.; by 9° had become flexuous & this morning at 7°. 30' had formed open sc corkscrew with one kink in middle.

(I here see 2 kinks in Veg. Marrow). The use of this t contract tendril which become loose from growth of internode & acts as spring against wind. If a man standing on tiptoes catches a transverse pole with his hand so height that he can only just get his fingers over X by alternate press movement & pressure of the points, he can work his whole hand round & over the whole pole, so it is with Tendrils point.)

[32v]

Common vine hooked tip put on branch in course of day curled round it. —

The direction of Tendril changed considerably in 24°.

(Consider tendrils are sensitive—)

Spiral [illeg]

(The hooked tip ultimately curls two or three time round a very narrow stick.— I believe in the buckling, because I see spaces not touching, together with adaptation of whole tendril.

(33

July 15th (I may say in from 12° to 24° tendr after tendrils have caught an object, become like corkscrew— This takes place not from age, though in time old ones do curl up.— The distal part first curls, & the whole becomes flexuous. — In one case the basal part first corkscrewed

The tendril then becomes tight.

(XX Twice to day I have made tendrils catch thin cylindrical twigs; & twice I have seen the red spot move or buckle on very slowly in 4° or 5° at least 3/4 of circumference of stick. — In one case it could not have been growth for judging by eye the red spot at near end was as far from apex as at first, & surely the tip would grow quickest.—)

Again in another case, I marked point some way from stick & this, though rising up, reached stick.—

(34

(July 15th Tendrils caught by tip in 1° or less X dragged its tendril, by forming a helix on flat side .35 of an inch, but then dropped off stick. —

July 16th— Helix formed on flat side of match stick & in 2° dragged the tendril on X for 3/4 of inch; but the tendril was slack & it then dropped off: this seem usual circumstance when stick not round & smooth, but once a helix caught.—

[in margin:] Red spot put on all tendrils. —

Another tendril quickly dragged the length of X tendril .6 of inch & passed twice round the stick was thickish but circular & smooth.—

X Again this happened; so case quite clear.

I put stick to convex side of tendril for X 30' no curvature; I then put it to concave side & immediately clasped round it.— & draw on the tendril. —)

[34v]

Frank found a Bryony in which one tendril had caught another. It acts beautifully with wind

(I have seen Tendril of Echinocystis with 4 kinks.)I see vegetable narrow forms a Helix on any large object round which it does not crawl.)

(35

Another case of helix, serving as point d' appuie, — as a point of resistance & dragging on tendril: this did not slip off; but uncurled itself & caught well the stick.

(In a tendril of which one of lateral had caught a stick, the terminal part kept on travelling from side to side, as far as it could: good.)

(An old tendril, striking stick in middle bent down at ∟'.—)

July 23d. Leonard counted some tendrils & found same number of twists, within one, on the opposite sides of the kink. Explains case this way: if slip of paper be rolled into a spire, & then pulled straight it will be twisted as many times as there are twines; now tendrils, which are fast at both ends twist into above 30 twines ∴ tendril would have to be twisted 30 times, on its own axis, which would be great strain. Now if we)

[35v]

twist slip of paper as many times in one direction as in opposite direction, it can be pulled straight without any twists, with both ends held; & this is evidently cause of kink in middle, Or better say roll of strip of paper round stick & this will be seen to rotate on its own axis as many times as it is wound round stick.—

(36

Echinocystis

July 29th. I cut off all tendrils & watched a shoot it revolved with watch in small circle, just like climbing plant, (but quicker) when branch much inclined it revolves no doubt elliptically.

It was a simple mistake of mine to suppose that shoot went from side to side: so no doubt with tendril, but circle hardly perceptible: — I remember I often called it a semicircle. I must say two independent movements, which judging from time coincide; & the bowing from weight slightly adds to effect.— I now understand all about rotation — the whole case like garter.

Possibly the 2 movements may not always coincide which might cause confusion. — Have I recorded whether shoot moved with watch?— Certainly movement far less striking & therefore less efficient, when shoot was prevented moving —

(37

(Begin my paper by alluding to A. Gray & thus was led to observe. — First for complete case shoots. Echinocystis Then Cissus tendril by itself — Then Echinocystis both movements combined. —

[37v]

p 27 Vegetable Marrow

33 Cowcumber

Corkscrew movement p.—

(Horace's Bryony 45 & 47 spire in opposite direction)—