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(On expression) March 27th 1839)

[in margin:] Savage & idiot cry

In passion, the nervous system has been accustomed to send forth certain quantity of its influence of to the muscles, have tendency to rub hands & other grimaces, to grasp stick.— open chest.— & consequently the involuntary action of the heart follows; & consequently this continues long after habit has cured the violent action of muscles, which we see in children & maniacs: (from coldness of skin adds to the excretions) so with fear, sweat cold, because not crying not to retain heated body heavy breathing, palpitating heart, pale face. [illeg] of strength, loose sphincter muscles — NB I must ascertain that the blush of passion proceeds from heart; it is felt all over body: as effects of fear also.— Bashfulness accompanied by blushing, & palpitating heart, ( latter chiefly with pale face); but this two must not be confounded.—

So crying is the involuntary action remaining after the voluntary action this of muscle subject to will have been cured (& this will or imagination has effect on muscles is well known.— cases of epilepsy

[1v]

the muscles, which expel the tears, are involuntary but connected with membrane of eyes & tears.

cured.— so savages cry with hysterical violence & laugh next minutes. No man at Tierra del Fuego, who had lost his brother. — crying only [looking] cured

The convulsive movement of crying does not relieve extreme bodily pain so much, as swearing or more violent movement of voluntary muscles, (as biting piece of lead), but painful emotions of the mind, there is bitter crying. for shame, or that it has been treated unjustly, or unkindly; & this makes somewhat more intelligible the tendency to cry from grief only in grown up people, [insertion:] wringing of hands (tearing hear, passionate grief) & likewise tears flowing from joy & emotions of any kind.— ⸮ trembling is inter…… of nervous influence, with slight convulsive movement between times.

What is sobbing??

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What is cause of bright eyes? it is I think certainly connected with the wrinkling of muscles round them: & this is chiefly effect, or at least, * seems to require as basis the lifting up the cheeks, which results from the smiles: no it accompanies the lifting up cheek, it is difficult to perform either separately:— the eye must thus be squeeze. the eye & I think drives out little tears.— how dull the eye becomes, when body exhausted.— I do not think the brightness depends at all all on size of pupil; nor entirely on water; for a watery eye is not a bright one.— the brow is brought down, when brightness is wished.— brightness is joy, or playful intelligence.— by violent laughing especially silent you cry a little it approaches to convulsion no mainly the corrugation of all muscles— here smile is accompany by slight moisture accompanies pleasure & resignation

{One would have thought kissing universal but it is not so.— Joy & Laughter

{mouth closes for decisive action, because you hold breath: Emma objects to theory of sighing, & I think truly}

{It is hard to say bygone  bygone, without waving your hand as if push him off then turn to a person & turning your hand on one side; & if in passion slumping aversion, & shaking fist with other hand (Habitual movements)

[2v]

laugh, when amused, but children violently laugh, when merely happy.— so man smiles when he is happy.— A nervous man is one, when a strong sympathy exists between the thinking powers, & the voluntary & involuntary muscles: nervous more generally cowardly (not shy man) but he may so, from passion emotion sudden bold things: but cool, courage with presence of mind can hardly but his

During long second of transformation, animals exert all their vigour & fight or being mastered turn tail & run:— they will run, when they think they shall be mastered, whether they think wrong or right, a dog would never run from a mouse; & when by reason they do not run, or cannot run the idea, or they must run, will although the will presents the necessary muscles, from being moved, cannot stay, the involuntary action, which have accompanied.—

{you may cease to ward off blow, but you cannot help winking

(The knowledge of you danger, accompanied by constraint bodily sensation makes fear: you may have bodily sensations & not strictly called fear & knowledge of danger, great wish to avoid it without, bodily symptoms this knowledge of danger in some cases hereditary has generally been accompanied by violent flight & hence in panic tendency to run; extreme coward does run; in few seconds if he cannot run, yet if the involuntary run symptom come into action

In the earliest states of animal life, from mere reason, or strength, without any emotions certain injuries or in attacking prey will be resisted & certain ones fled from. (or feigned death for): the action on the involuntary & partly voluntary thus first impressed. (& constantly aided by occasional actions in conformity, hence passionate man aids his temper by giving way to it: so does coward) immediately recurs as often as will circumstances & disposition of animal tend to make resistance possible or impossible: some circumstances, from hereditary tendency will cause fear in some animals where circumstance reason no way circumstance such an emotion

(Fear)