103

N.1.10

Leydig - Lehrbuch der Histologie des Menschen und der Thiere. Frankfurt - 1857 -

p. 82 "How far muscular elements are distributed in the skin of the Vertebrata is not yet accurately known. The skin [Freoh] and Amphibia does not seem to possess them. It has been supposed that the changes of colour observed in the skin of many reptiles (Chamaeleon &c) is associated with the presence of contractile fibres but I believe after repeated observation, that smooth ([text destroyed] anatomy) muscles can only be seen in the wall of the large glands which occur in the [illeg] at the sides & in the lips but not in the rest

103v

of the skin.

It is otherwise in birds, for in them a well developed muscular network lies in the deeper layers of the skin, consisting of fibres, which are commonly regarded as [illeg] muscles, but which possess indications of transverse striation and represent a transitional stage from smooth to transversly striped fibres. They consist of bundles of different sizes, between which are tendons formed of elastic [illeg] and by these tendons they are attached to the feather-capsule and to the elastic stratum of the skin. Also in the wattle (fleischtrottel) which in Meleagrins gallopavo is dependent from the root of the beak

103v facing

and the throat I have found a compact network of smooth muscles. It contracts also during feeding the finger-like appendage so that it is no longer than the beak. The nerves are proportionally strong & numerous.-

In the skin of Mammalia the smooth muscles seem again to disappear. I known them at least only as the muscular covering of the tunic of the testicle, and as the muscular layer of those skin-glands which are to be considered as in [text damaged] morphosed sweat-glands [text damaged] have kooked for smooth muscles [text damaged] the back, belly & thich[text damaged] several rodents, the dog and [text damaged] joint as little has v. [text damaged] succeeded in the shrew & the chamois. In the tuft-like tail of the squirrel have only as yet

103 [next leaf]

I believe distinguished contractile elements. The ruffling of the hairs may still depend on the strong striped muscle which lies immediate under the skin & the ascoleumena of which blends wiht the connective tissue fo the cutis & is indeed directly connected to the follicles of the stronger hairs. In the hairy parts of the muzzle of the pig, & dog I saw the transversely striped fibres of the panninculars branch, & extend with their terminal portions close to tohe boundary layer of the cutis. Huxley has also seen branched muscular fibres from the lip of the rat. The so-named wattles of the goat have nothing muscular in them as I ahve satisfied myself from repeated examination". -

Leydig had previously described on p. 67 the smooth muscles in teh human scrotum and the Arrectores picli in the human skin.