[38]

Henle

[38v]

(Henle)

p 139. Admits Duchenne assertion of external of Pyramidalis draws down skin between & above eyebrows ─ Hence drawing of Pyramidalis is good for me, & it involuntary action of this muscle may be relied on.

p 139 (a) orbicul Ocili sends fibres up to frontalis, & others to muscles which go to upper lip & cheek & mix with these muscles ─ (Here the lower muscle cd hardly contract without drawing up upper lip

[Expression, p. 149: "Lastly, the pyramidal muscles of the nose contract; and these draw the eyebrows and the skin of the forehead still lower down, producing short transverse wrinkles across the base of the nose.2

2 Henle (Handbuch d. Syst. Anat. 1858, B. i. s. 139) agrees with Duchenne that this is the effect of the contraction of the pyramidalis nasi."]

144 (a) The contraction of orbicular palp, "probably not quite without influence on the fullness of blood-vessels in eye & eye-hole ─

144 (b) from connection of malais, with muscle of upper lip, when men winks upper lip draw up.

[Expression, p. 203: "Henle remarks10 on this head, that when a man closely shuts one eye he cannot avoid retracting the upper lip on the same side; conversely, if any one will place his finger on his lower eyelid, and then uncover his upper incisors as much as possible, he will feel, as his upper lip is drawn strongly upwards, that the muscles of the lower eyelid contract. In Henle's drawing, given in woodcut, fig. 2, the musculus malaris (H) which runs to the upper lip may be seen to form an almost integral part of the lower orbicular muscle.

10 Handbuch der System. Anat. des Menschen, 1858, B. i. s. 144. See my woodcut (H. fig. 2)."]

Weeping

151 (a) Haugtiness & contempt not so much expression by eversion of lip by quadratus menti, as mentalis what raises lower lip. ─ I think a spitting movement ─ corners held fast by quadratus

[Expression, p. 258: "The mouth is opened widely, with the upper lip strongly retracted, which wrinkles the sides of the nose, and with the lower lip protruded and everted as much as possible. This latter movement requires the contraction of the muscles which draw downwards the corners of the mouth.8

8 Duchenne believes that in the eversion of the lower lip, the corners are drawn downwards by the depressors anguli oris. Henle (Handbuch d. Anat. des Menschen, 1858, B. i. s. 151) concludes that this is effected by the musculus quadratus menti."]