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Feb 17 /57.

Insular Productions

Hinds doubts about number of endemic forms is isld— So prove it.

Few. A. De. C. — Few Insects Wollaston on Variations.

Many Endemic. Adams — Look at Madeira

Penny Encyclop says 360, Europe 3,900,000. ∴ 10,833 times as big — say ten-thousand. Almost 100 endemic Plants— How many land shells?—

Take Galapagos for rough calculations S. America has 1600 areas of the whole archipelago; which is very sterile & not well known & has 123 good endemic species ∴  S. America ought to have

123 1600/ 73800/ 123/ 196800 species.—

Perhaps say on rough calculation these ought to 200 thousand Endemics

Again Galapagos has 25 land Birds see the number of Endemic Plants & Birds

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Struggle not so severe. I shd expect fossils to be left (Heer) & very abnormal forms.—

so in F. Water.

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which S. America ought to have excluding all but endemics.— Why is isld part of continent, shd there be so few & of them so many endemic they will have to be complicated by extra much extinction & creation. (may be said to be formed to roam).—

In Plants proportions different from mainland.— Many complications trees — no Batrachians or Mammals, except swimmers or flyers—

The Endemics belong to very different orders in different groups. Hooker Galapagos.—

The Endemics are related closely to each other — Hooker Galapagos proportions of genera to species in islds abounding with Endemics. Some orders of plants absent— Zealand & Madeira Be cautious about this mem. no woodpeckers in Australia, or Oaks

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& Pines in India— Hooker Indian Flora. Some orders in Excess, Amaranthaceæ in Galapagos.— All this looks like chance & specification combined with what we know of means of dispersal.

Wingless Birds & Insects.—

N.B. The many naturalised productions in isld show not well stocked, ie few native productions compared to what cd live in them.—

Isld when formed by volcano & some way distant may be said to be to be new new worlds in certain degree & therefore well worth studying.—