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19

Coup d'Oeil sur la Faune des iles de la Sonde et de'empire du Japon.

Discours Preliminaire - Temminck.

p 7 Sumatra has very peculiar Fauna, more like that of Borneo than Java or Malacca - (sentence not very clear)

p 8  I imagine the Sumatra Rhinoceros differs more from the Java one, than from the Indian one

p 8 Horsfield has made mistake in separating Ursus Melaneus of Borneo from that of Java

p 9 Semnopithecus of ancient world represents the Ateles & Alonates of the New World.

p 10  The birds, especially the Gallinaceous order & pidgeons pigeons & Celeos. Breves. Eurylaimes Couroneous & all little birds living in the thick forests of Sumatra are either specifically distinct, or when the same, their plumage is more brilliant & size larger, than those of Java - some are absolutely same in two islands - some more or less erratic or true cosmopolites are same in all islands of of the Archipelago & only offer "la plus legere disparite" with the like species from the coast of Africa. - - Some others are true cosmopolites Java. Japan New Guinea & Europe. M. Temminck says how wonderful the difference between the Fauna of these two isld & on other hand the identity of some species under such different climates & distances!!! {We know in domestication some animals vary more than others so we might expect they  would in wild state independent of intermarriage.

p 10 - M. T says he has observed in his "Monograph de Mammalogia" that the colour of skin & size varies in those species which are found in the different islands - & likewise especially in the Cheroptera in the pointedness of the nose

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yet surely countries so near as the adjoining parts of Java & Sumatra cannot differ much — it is the aggregate of difference produced by intermarriage

p 12 Madrone, a Madrepore Isd East end of Java has no quadrupeds, it is however arid

p 13 Pavo spirifer inhabits Java Argus giganteus in Sumatra & Malacca — Perdrix Javanica found no where else — Calao lunatus, plicatus & malabaricus found in Java, representing the species of the genus which are found in Sumatra & Borneo.

p 13 Turdus varius found on mountains of Java X & on lesser heights in Japan ­-analogous to facts mentioned by Dr. Bachman in United States

p. 14 Thinks the quantity of species of mamifers birds, reptiles fishes insects mollucs equals or even surpasses in some classes those of the great Africa. - antelopes alone excepted - thinks that if calculated the number of bird even surpasses that of S America - there being in each case large unexplored tracts.—  See the effects of the land being thus broken.

p 16 The Megapodium in Celebes do not hatch their eggs.— seem representative of Tinamus & Eudromia in New World.

p 21 Felis tigris & Felis irbis has long woolly hair in Corea — ranges from isle de Sonde to the Altai it is found in Java, with very fine coat — not found in Japan—

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Relation of character of quadrupeds to surroundings, is explicable when same species occur on the opposite sides, as Brisbane & Sicily &c.— but what c[illeg] relation on creationist — but there [rounding] obviously in this troubled region of the world studded with orders, is connection on my theory, for they might formerly have been connected & the same parent species extended. Ask why Gilolo, Ternate &c shd have Aus ones, & Celebes, Borneo &c have Asiatic genera.

In E. Ind — Arch. depths & distances greater than Britain & Europe &c &c. — Fernando Po, get Waterhouse work out & Philippines.—

[in margin:] Surely not conditions in these cases

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p 15 The Fauna of Celebes, Timor, & others as Ceram, Flores, Bourou, Gilolo Amboine, Banda Ternate differs from that of Borneo, Sumatra & Java.

p 15 Celebes offers many species of mammifers & birds different from those of Java & Sumatra: but the relation to Borneo is doubtful. Celebes has species of Hylobates, Semnopithecus, Phalangers not found inside de Sonde (Marsupials!) (the true representatives of Didelphis in New World) Sus barbirussa — (This pig is said to live in Bourrou & Borneo.) Antilope depressicornis — a large cervus. Tarsius Daubentonii a peculiar quadrumana genus, of which no representative is found in Sunda (Java &c &c &c)

p. 16. Bourrou not sufficiently known.

p. 17. Amboine has few quadrupeds in the country of Phalangers of division Couscous few birds peculiar or remarkable — Cepholates Bot? of Perron which is found in Timor & other islands. — The mammifers inhabiting islands bordering towards New Guinea Banda Ternate Gilolo Waigiou. — are not found in Sunda

p. 18. Timor serves as limit between population of animals celle du nord ressemble, par les espèces identiques comme par celles differentes, aux types des genres dont les autres îles du grand archipel sont peuplées; de l'autre côté de cette chaîne, sur le versant méridional, se montreut tout-à-coup les premiers représentans d'une faune particuliere, d'une création propre à l' Australie."

[insertion:] This is most important for it shows that forms & community of species go together.

Many birds common to Timor & Australia. Scythrops presageur. Many species of bristly tongued Melliphaga et Phyllornis are common to both — The only mammifer of Timor, that are known "5 or 6 Cheiropteres, un Phalanger, nu Petaurus et quelques Rongeurs."

p. 21 In Japan, some of the islands have large quadrupeds, whilst others have not. –

Jesso has a gigantic bear, Nippon has not it; but [illeg] bear common to India

p. 22 Japan has few quadrupeds relatively the size even then Moluccas. No cat except House one. Nisus & Canis strong in species — representative of Martes & Putorius. one species of Monkey Inuus speciosus. Petaurista leucogenys Antilope crispa, little different in form from Antilope Cambtan of Sumatra, & Antilope goural des monts Himalaya — a peculiar species of Sus. do of Cervus. (C. Nippon) — with the [illeg] of some new forms in the Rongeurs, all the species into group with those of Europe & Asia — differently from what happens in Indian Archipelago.

p. 23 great list of birds common to Japan & Europe compare this with Audubon & with Gould Himalaya

some curious remarks will come out.

p. 26 — Amongst [Carledons] insects of Japan, only one new form.—

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Borneo	Sumatra	Java	Malacea	Small isles, near these great ones
p. 6 Orang Utang Semnopithicus nasique Gibbon. Dis Felis macrocelis Tupaia s spe. N.S Hypsiprionus urinus.	p. 6 Orang Utang	0		Cervus Kuhlii proper to small isles of Barian near Java, but never found in Java. p.11 Nusa Kambung (p. 12) has a Pteromys 1.3 larger than P. nitidres in some other isld. but never in Java.—
	Ursus	0	Ursus Malaianus.
Take Bos for my genus.	Elephant Tapir Rhinoceros bicornis Bos aoni Cervus russa p.  8 — hippelaphies do Sus — 3d spec. ?— 0 0 0 yet there are many species of these 2 genera p. 9 Galeopith: maomoretes 0	0 0 0 Rhinoceros unicornis 1 spec p 8 Bos banteng Cervus russa 0 Sus verrucosus — vittaticus Hylobates lencisus Semnopith: mitratus (p 9 — maurus — auratus or phyrophus 0 Galeopithecus variegatus
	{Hylogeles or Cladobates of F. or Tupaia- Chadobates spec 1. — spec 2, 3, 4.	Chadobates spec I. 0 0 0
	Sciurnes many species Sciures only a. & B	Sciurinus many species Sciurinus only a & b
Rosseltes Pachysomes & Chaues sans to Borneo & Sumatra	Some common Cervus equinus p. 10	} specific difference with those of Java
	0	0
		Cerropithecus cyno Mulyies p. 13
		Lepus melanauchen Felis tigris p. 21	0
				40 5 24 0

 

Temminck, Coenraad Jacob. 1833. Discours préliminaire. Coup-d'oeil sur la faune des îles de la Sonde et de l'empire du Japon. In Siebold, Phillip Franz Balthasar von, Fauna Japonica. 6 vols., in 4. 1833-1850 Leyden.