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July 1847.

11.

The affinities of organisms are represented by distances — species being called dots by their being placed thus

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As this arrangement leads to idea of common genetic causation, as we see with chemists in properties of elements, we are led to compare things thus arranged to branching of tree & may be said to diverge from common stem.—

Begin with stating facts— universal at all times & places— overlooked from familiarity.— —genus not an entity.— Begin with single species vars— action of divergence.

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the same causes which proved several species will make others —& when once formed into large genus, we know these are the very groups, which do vary most & therefore will give m rise to more varieties & thus give divergent characters.—

Here again we have resemblance to most great first tree in which 2 or 3 great branches from some accidental advantage have exterminated [illeg] the other. These affinities are represented drawing the lines of stem