[173]

May 11 /56/ Classification 11

as only few individuals of species survive & propagate, so it seems only few species in a group survive & propagate, simply, perhaps, because in struggle only few get right variations.—

(a)

When a new species is to be created, it might naturally be supposed that a new form of those groups which were best adapted wd be created; & this wd be perfect explanation, if the type on which the new form was to be created had its whole organization simply related to conditions. But few admit this view, that skull is formed from vertebræ owing to mere adaptation or rudimentary organs, of which every organic being probably has some. Theref But it is confessed that in adaptation an accordance with an preexistent idea, plan, or archetype. Therefore new species must be created to some preexistent idea or plan.—

But then, so satisfactory to every evident

[173v]

(a) give sketch of arrangement— group subordinate to group. I fully admit every form holds its place from being well adapted,— that we have for instance land, burrowing, aquatic marsh & aerial mammifers, from some advantage which the mammifers have, possibly intellect, over the organisms with which they have to struggle.

[174]

views to my mind in only saying that so it is.— Now according to descent can be explained this curious arrangement of all living & extinct beings. If varieties differ only from species in amount of difference & less permanence, then let us look in what Kind of groups, we find varying species. We find them in large genera,—

It is common often said that all groups are due to extinction, but perhaps not quite correct, if all that had ever lived, were put before us, yet there wd be projecting masses for in certain lines the birds & mammals cd not stand — It is owing to descent & extinction.