RECORD: Darwin, C. R. n.d. Abstract of Westwood, Illustrations of the relationships existing amongst natural objects, usually termed affinity and analogy, selected from the Class of Insects. CUL-DAR205.5.84-85. Edited by John van Wyhe (Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/)

REVISION HISTORY: Transcribed by Christine Chua and edited by John van Wyhe 1.2023. RN1

NOTE: See record in the Darwin Online manuscript catalogue, enter its Identifier here. Reproduced with permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library and William Huxley Darwin. The volume CUL-DAR205.5 contains notes on the principle of divergence, transitional organs and instincts.

J. O. Westwood. 1841. Illustrations of the relationships existing amongst natural objects, usually termed affinity and analogy, selected from the Class of Insects. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 18: 409-21.


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Linn. Trans. 18. p. 410. "Westwood illustrations of Relationships &c &c" — That species belonging to 2 genera of the same family or even subfamily may be analogous representatives of each other, is as clear as though they belonged to different families or orders." "The genus carabus, for instance, comprises species. (C. gemmatus) which in their habits & peculiar structures of Elytra, analogically resemble Calosoma scrutator, whilst Carabus Fabricii in the flattened

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form of the buds represent Licinus."

Thus Adelium is so excellent an example of analogy with the Carabidæ, that the species of Adelium have been called Caraboides Calasomoides Licinoides —

In note says "one of the chief difficulties connected with this subject is drawing the precise line between these two kinds of relations (hence the difficulty connected with the true location of Mantissa)" the Homopterous genus Aleyrodes so completely puts on the appearance of a moth, that Linnæus named it a Phalœna — Refers to a Carbidou Australian insect, which he had long in his Cabinet & did no doubt it was a Gyrinus. (These analogies seem to depend on degree of similarity) where one part in two animals is much more like than whole organization, it is said to be analogical likeness.) I Confess inexplicable, these insect analogies; except so far these forms &c must be of some use.) ↘

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p. 417 Rhyzopertha pusilla & Tomicus fuscus. "wh. in their Xylophagus habits, cylindrical form, pitchy-ferruginous colour, punctuated surface, transversely rugose thorax, extending over the concealed head, dentate tibiæ & short antennæ, are so very nearly alike, that they have been even placed by some authors in the same genus."— Yet they belong to quite different families, the antennæ, trophic tarsi & larvæ being totally distinct, general form & habits & oeconomy similar, & many points of structure.

p. 419. The most complete instance of deception is Condylodera, which for long time W. arranged as an immature Tricondyla or Colliuris, (Cicindelidæ), although really belonging to Orthoptera Gryllidæ; even in colour quite differ from any Gryllidae & represents Tricondyla, which comes from same country Java with the orthopterous genus.—


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Citation: John van Wyhe, ed. 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online. (http://darwin-online.org.uk/)

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