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Annals of Botany 2/ p. 43 1806.

Willdenow supposes that ceratophyllum & najas have male-female flowers separate, supposed the pollen is not injured by water, as the flowers are submerged – supposes pollen conveyed by water, as in other plants by air.

[C. L. Willdenow. Determination of a new aquatic vegetable genus, called Caulinia, with general observations on water-plants.]

p. 82 P. Cavolini on the Zostera (Posidonia) oceanica – upper flower in spikes are only males & they fecundate the flowers beneath them before the pollen of these latter flowers are ready – "the fecundation must necessarily have been effected in the open water" as the spikes had escaped from their [invol…..]    

p. 88 pollen elongated stigma hairy & anthers in the hermaphrodite flower close to it.

[Philip Cavolini. On the flowering Zostera oceanica LINN.*]

p. 94 There are two other genera mentioned by Editor Cymodocea & Thalassia, closely allied genera to Posidonia & true zostera which are dioecious & I presume flower under water.

[Addition to M. Cavolini's treatise on Zostera oceanica L., pp. 91-98.]

([Neryanthe])