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Bustards in Germany.—

Athenaeum. No. 537. Feb. 1838. p. 107. Mr Blyth¹ states that all genera of birds in N. America & Europe, which have not their representative species in each other, are migratory species from warmer countries. When will this paper be published it will be curious.— Some general statements about mundine & confined genera.—

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¹ Edward Blyth. Athenaeum, No. 537, February 1838, p. 107:— "… that those North American birds which have no generic representative in Europe, and those European genera which have no species proper to America are, almost without exception, migratory, belonging to types of forms characteristic of those regions where they pass the winter ". [deB67]

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Lyell¹ has remarked about no confined species in Scicily.

Jan: 1838 L'. Institut²

Bats, in Eocene beds, very like present species., p 8.

؟ Are mundine forms, longest persistent??

do.— The most perfect Plants Composites.—

!!good those which have undergone most metamorphosis³

Is this applicable to insects &c &c? — (p. 23

do.— On animal — Confervae — p. 23⁴

¹ Sir Charles Lyell. Principles of Geology, 5th ed. London 1837, vo1.3, P. 444:— "The newly emerged surface, therefore, must, during the modern zoological epoch, have been inhabited for the first time by the terrestrial plants and animals which now abound in Sicily … The plants of the flora of Sicily are common, almost without exception, to Italy or Africa, or some of the countries surrounding the Mediterranean ; so that we must suppose the greater part of them to have migrated from pre-existing lands". [deB67]

² Henri-Marie de Blainville. L'lnstitut, 1838, p. 6, Zoologie, Chauve-Souris. On p. 8:— "ces families existaient avant la formation des terrains tertiaires … si anciennes ne différaient que fort peu, si même elles différaient des espèeces actuellement vivantes dans les mêmes contrées ". [deB67]

³ J. Meyen. L'lnstitut, tome 6, 1838, Physiologie végétale ; on p. 23:— "M. Fries décide que les Composées sont les plantes les plus complètement développées ". [deB67]

⁴ ibid." M. Mohl a fait connaÎtre d'abord ses observations sur le Conferva". [deB67]

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p. 267. Dela Beche.¹ Geolog. Researches. facts of salt-water shells living in absolutely fresh water.— origin of Fresh-water genera?

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The absence of lime in Plutonic & Volcanic rocks, most remarkable.— ؟Have the changes been so slow., that all have existed for ages as metamorphic; & therefore according to Lyells doctrine removed??²

¹ Sir Henry Thomas de La Bêche. Researches in Theoretical Geology. London 1834, p. 267:— "Voluta magnifica is known to live high up in the brackish waters near Port Jackson in Australia, and an Area inhabits the freshwater of Jumna, near Hamirpur, 1000 miles from the sea ". [deB67]

² Sir Charles Lyell. Principles of Geology, 5th ed. London 1837 3: 302:— "The constant transfer, therefore, of carbonate of lime from the inferior parts of the earth's crust to its surface, must cause at all periods and throughout an indefinite succession of geological epochs, a preponderance of calcareous matter in the newer, as contrasted with the older formations ". [deB67]

202

Is the prevalence of Coniferous Woods before Dicotyledenous a fact analogous to reptiles before Mammalia

Think about Miocene fossils some species being recent agreeing with Senegal. whilst Crag agrees with according to Beck¹ has none recent, yet genera same.— —

Speculate on multiplication of species by travelling of climates & the backward & forward introduction of species.—

¹ Heinrich Henrichsen Beck. "Notes on the Geology of Denmark ", Proc. Geol. Soc., vol. 2,1835-1836, pp. 217-220. [deB67]

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Bolivian human species? — ¹

Small new animal mentioned from Fernando Po. Zoolog. Proceedings October (?) 1837 ²

Contrast: New Zealand with Tasmania

The reason why there is not perfect gradation of change in species as physical changes are gradual, is this if after isolation (seed blown into desert) or separation by mountain chains &c) the species have not been much altered they will cross (perhaps more fertility & so make that sudden step, species or not.

¹ Joseph Barclay Pentland. "On the Ancient inhabitants of the Andes ", Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci, 1834, P- 624:— "The remains of this race are found in ancient tombs among the mountains of Peru and Bolivia ". [deB67]

² Proc. Zool. Soc, vol. 5, 1837, p. 101:— "Mr Martin exhibited a new Bat from Fernando Po ". (Probably William Martin). [deB67]

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A plant submits to more individual change, (as some animals do more than others, & cut off limbs & new ones are formed)

but yet propagates varieties according to same law with animals??

Why are species not formed, during ascent of mountain or approach of desert? — because the crossing of species less altered prevents the complete adaptation which would ensue