233

Dr. Smith's Information¹

Long Horned (very) aboriginal at Cape: crossed with English Bull, offspring very like common English.—

Hottentots say great tailed sheep aboriginal at Cape & a thinner-tailed kind further inland.—

NB. There is division of snakes, with hinder teeth perforated for poison channels, but not having them, instance of useless structure —

Smith² thinks several species of Rhinoceros range from Abyssinia to extreme South coast. Elephant he believes is mentioned by old writers on extreme Northern Coast.

¹ Andrew Smith. Personal communication. [deB67]

² Andrew Smith. Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa. I. Mammalia, London 1838, gives the range of the rhinoceros. [deB67]

234

Hippopotamus do.— Giraffe do.—

Range of East Indian Rhinoceros (?)— Some paper in Institute on range of Bos in India.— Range of Zebra? —

The Crocodile & Tortise former inhabitants of Mauritius¹

Freycinet Voyage² agrees with several mammalia being peculiar (?)

If. Henslow³ discusses possibility of seeds of Keeling standing transport.— but Get him to discuss those mentioned by Lesson⁴ & Chamisso.⁵ —

¹ Dumeril and Bibron 1834-1854, vol. 2 [1835]: 509. JvW

² Louis de Freycinet. Voyage autour du monde … Paris 1825–1839. Freycinet also edited the 2nd edition of François Péron's Voyage de découvertes aux Terres Australes, Paris 1824, referred to above by Darwin in connexion with Mauritius. [deB67]

³ John Stevens Henslow. "Florula Keelingensis. An Account of the native plants of the Keeling Islands "., Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. 1, 1838, p. 337:— "Mr Darwin … presented me with the plants which he collected, together with his memoranda respecting them, I have thought that a list of the species, accompanied by a few remarks, might be of interest; and chiefly as serving to point out a set of plants whose seeds must be provided in a very eminent degree with the means of resisting the influence of sea water ". It is interesting to note this early date at which Darwin was interested in the viability of seeds immersed in sea water, on which he made experiments twenty years later. [deB67]

⁴ René Primevère Lesson. In Louis Isidore Duperrey, Voyage autour du Monde … Paris 1826-1830, Zoologie is by Lesson and P. Garnot, tome 1, 1826. [deB67]

⁵ Adelbert von Chamisso. In Otto von Kotzebue, A Voyage of Discovery into the South Sea and Beering's Straits, London 1821. [deB67]

249

M^r Waterhouse¹ has most curious facts about the distribution of Lemurs in Madagascar, on neighbouring islets & a sub-genus in Southern Africa

19

In same manner. Cuscus, (a sub genus of Phalangista New Holland form) is found in many island Celebes Waggiou &c &c. (See Lyell.² Vol III p. 30) different species in different isl^d. (as far East as New Ireland, see Coquilles³ Voyage). Waterhous⁴ remark Australia Fauna so far. Indian all the rest. Timor according to Mountain chain ought to be Australian.? —

M^r Gould⁵ has been struck with similar extension of form in birds.—

¹ George Robert Waterhouse. Probably personal communication. [deB67]

² Sir Charles Lyell. Principles of Geology, 5th ed. London 1837, vol. 3. P- 30:— "Phalangista vulpina inhabits both Sumatra and New Holland, the P. ursina is found in the island of Celebes ; P. chrysorrhos in the Moluccas ; P. maculata, and P. cavifrons, in Banda and Amboyna ". [deB67]

³ Louis Isidore Duperrey, Voyage autour du Monde, … Zoologie par MM. Lesson et Garnot, tome 1, Paris 1826, p. 158:— "Couscous blanc, Cuscus albus … Kapoune des Nègres du Part-Praslin, à la Nouvelle-Irlande ". [deB67]

⁴ George Robert Waterhouse. Probably personal communication. [deB67]

⁵ John Gould. A Synopsis of the Birds of Australia and adjacent Islands, London 1837–1838. [deB67]

250

Waterhouse¹ thinks two main divisions of cats. Tortoise shell — & grey-banded ؟species? — thinks offspring of cats sometimes heterogenous.— Australian dog jumped into tub leaving only nose above it — pulled bell.— —

It was most curious to observe, that all the species of mice in S. America, which were hard to distinguish came from closely neighbouring localities.—

Institute 1838. p 38. account of fossils of Sewalick India²

Monkeys of old World. Crocodiles. Anoplotherium.—

¹ George Robert Waterhouse. Probably personal communication. [deB67]

² Hugh Falconer & Sir Proby T. Cautley. "Sur de nouvelles espèces fossiles de l'Ordre de Quadrumanes ", L'Institut tome 6, 1838, p. 37. Also Proc. Geol. Soc. vol. 2, 1837, p. 544:— "extract of a letter, dated Saharumpore 18th November 1836 … Captain Cautley and Dr Royle … of the finding of the remains of a quadrumanous animal in the Sewaliks, or Sub-Himalayan range of mountains. An Astragalus was first found, but latterly a nearly perfect head, with one side of the molars and one orbit nearly complete. The animal must have been much larger than any existing monkey, and allied to Cuvier's Cynocephaline group". [deB67]

255

T. Carlyle¹, saw with his own eyes, new gate, opening towards pig.— latch on other side.— Pigs put legs over, & then with snout lift up latch & back.—

Frogs attempted to be introduced lisle of France² p. 170 Fish introduced Hump backed race of cows from Madagascar— p 173. Vol I. Voyage à France — Par un Officier du Roi.—³

Mackenzie⁴ Travel, p. 280. says cattle in Iceland, "are very like those of Ice Highlands of the largest sort of our highland Sort, except in one respect, that those of Iceland, are seldom seen with horns" — p. 341. Black Fox sometimes introduced by ice

¹ Thomas Carlyle. [deB67]

² Bernardin de Saint-Pierre. Voyage a I'Isle de France … Amsterdam 1773, tome 1, p. 170, fish and frogs introduced to Isle de France (= Mauritius). [deB67]

³ Bernardin de Saint-Pierre. Voyage a I'Isle de France … Amsterdam 1773, tome 1, p. 246. [deB67]

⁴ Sir George Stewart Mackenzie. Travels in the Island of Iceland Edinburgh 1811, p. 280:— "The cattle, in point of size and appearance, are very like our highland sort, except in one respect, that those of Iceland are seldom seen with horns ". [deB67]

256

no only few pigs.— birds mentioned, but few.¹ — (There was notice in report of British Association of 1838. (Newcastle) about somebody who had made great collection of birds of Iceland.² — M. Gaimard,³ however, will settle this.

Waterhouse⁴ says he is certain there are local varieties of colour & size, but not form of animals.— He says Stephens⁵ say he can at once tell by general colouring a group of Nebria complanata from. Devonshire, from another from Swansea.— Again Waterhouse⁶ finds certain varieties of a Harpalus. common at South end, but rare absent from near London. = D^r. Smith⁷, he says, is deeply

¹ Sir George Stewart Mackenzie. Travels in the Island of Iceland Edinburgh 1811, p. 341:— "Two distinct varieties of fox present themselves in Iceland: the arctic, or white fox (Canis lagopus), and one which is termed the blue fox (Canis fuliginosus) and varies considerably in the shades of its fur, from a light brownish or blueish grey … Horrebow mentions the black fox is sometimes brought over on the ice ". [deB67]

² John Hancock. "Remarks on the Greenland and Iceland Falcons" (Collectors: G. C. Atkinson & P. Procter), Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. vol. 7, 1839, p. 106. [deB67]

³ Paul Joseph Gaimard. Reference to work which ultimately appeared as "Liste des oiseaux qui se rencontrent en Islande avec des remarques sur leur présence dans cette île par M. Raoul Angles" in Voyage en Islande et au Groenland … Paris 1851. The voyage took place in 1834. [deB67]

⁴ George Robert Waterhouse. Probably personal communication. [deB67]

⁵ James Francis Stephens. Zoological Journal, vol. 1, 1825, p. 448, Art. 57, "Some observations on the British Tipulidae, together with descriptions of the Species ofCulex and Anopheles found in Britain ". A footnote on p. 451 refers to a collection of Nebria made in Devonshire by Dr William Elford Leach. [deB67]

⁶ George Robert Waterhouse. Probably personal communication. [deB67]

⁷ Andrew Smith. [deB67]