RECORD: Darwin, C. R. 1877.10.11-14. Lupinus speciosus. CUL-DAR209.1.93-96. Edited by John van Wyhe (Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/)

REVISION HISTORY: Transcribed by Christine Chua and edited by John van Wyhe 6.2022. RN1

NOTE: See record in the Darwin Online manuscript catalogue, enter its Identifier here. Reproduced with permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library and William Huxley Darwin. The volume CUL-DAR209.1 contains materials on circumnutation of leaves and sleep for Darwin's book Movement in plants (1880).


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Lupinus speciosus

Oct 11th 1877.

Moderately old leaf quite free petiole spink from stock without any stem

Leaf facing obliquely to light as in greenhouse.— Bristle fixed to one of longer leaflets — Glass to tip of bristle 11 3/8 inch; glass to paper mark behind 13 3/8. Traced on vertical glass. At first bristle went down below glass & then rose above glass very high, so that I altered adjustment. First dot at 10°. 16' — see diagram (1) between this hour & 4° 54, went 4 times up & 3 times down. (Between 5° P.m & 10° 45' P.m. went 4 times up & 4 times down; but these were traced on separate glass, but not copied so that in 12 1/2 hour went 8 times in one direction & 7 in another. No I believe nutation of whole petiole;

(ie in 6h, 40m)

55 [+] 15 [=] 40

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Oct 12th 1877

Lupinus speciosus L.s.

The same leaf but different leaflet as yesterday with petiole 5 2/8 inch long & older leaf with petiole 6 5/8 long. Tracing made on Horizontal glass. Petiole free. Distance of glass to tip of leaflet 9 1/2 inch, to head of small pin beneath leaf 12 min; therefore pin-head 2 1/2 inches beneath apex of leaf

Younger leaf Diagram (2) Traced from 8° 47' to 4. 30'; therefore during 7° 47'. In this time made 4 loops. This must have been nutation of leaf

The older leaf (1) merely within same period in zig-zag line to light, for its position had been altered to what it had held during previous days

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Lupinus speciosus   Petiole secured — Horizontal glass.

1877 (N)

Oct 13th Younger leaf Diagram A (1) went tremendously to light so as to be out of glass — changed position of pot & at 10° 26' new dot (A .2.) a little zig at 12° 52, then to light till 5° 50', which ended diurnal movement. Then commenced a curious zig-zag movement back to former position, which lasted till 10°. 35' P.m. Next morning end of bristle beyond range of glass.— I am now sure that whole leaf nutates, & that leaflets move towards light during day & back at night, or rise during day & sink during night, but that this is accompanied during the night by slight up & down movement, which causes zig-zag. Next morning beyond limits of Glass.

(Oct 13th An older leaf observed at same time with no bristle not so much exaggerated B 1 & 2 very similar. Movement in morning similar, & zig-zagged in same manner about midday, but afterwards began to move from light — After 4° 38° to 8° 21° zig-zagged in most complex manner, as did the younger leaf. — Position next morning shown at 6° 50' & was moving from light so nocturnal movement not finished

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Lupinus speciosus 1877.

Q Petiole secured firmly so that leaflets alone can move.

Oct 14th I observed same leaflet with bristle as yesterday & by this time whole leaf had adapted itself to light, for position had only been slightly changed yesterday. See diagram A.—

Bristle moved to light slightly zig-zagging till 2°. 3' or 2° 43, & then went back, zig-zagging like yesterday but not in so great a degree. (At 12°. 46' I had to slide back pot.

[sketch] A B

(The opposite leaflet was observed at the same time, but with no bristle at end so tracing not so much enlarged. Bent towards light till 2°. 43, more plainly zig-zagging & afterwards from light. Zig-zagging much especially the few last movements after dark. See B.

Slided Pot at 12° 46' to get in glass & joined the tracing.

By moving the leaves I could see by comparing with tracing that they move to light or upwards till nearly 3° & then go backwards, but & that the zig-zagging or movement from N.W. to S.E (transversely to light) is due to slight up & down movement of each leaflet. I am inclined to think the movement, which I have called to light is really a periodical movement like that of Sleep, for at least generally the heliotropic movement is not last during day, I believe.— The zig-zagging or up & down movement of leaflets is plainer in a tracing the slower the movement towards light or upward movement is — What little ordinary sleep the plant shows is the depression of leaflets.—


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Citation: John van Wyhe, ed. 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online. (http://darwin-online.org.uk/)

File last updated 25 September, 2022