(1

April 15th 1879 Radicles — Beans(in [illeg] Water) (Jar M)

8º 55' a.m. Four radicles Horizontal in water — Beans & all immersed to see if geotropism will act under water. Temp. 8º am 55º to 59º. These beans had been in saw-dust & coats blackened one in red sand marked with pin. (no difference in behaviour)

15th 4º. 30' P.m no trace of geotropism 7'

16th 7º 40' a.m. — perhaps in one two a vestige of curvature if whole radicle is looked along giving the best case gives radius of 90 m.m.— ie after 22º 30'

(16th 7º 50 A.m— reversed all 4. wiped radicles with blotting paper & suspended over water

(1) 4º. 30' P.m decidedly geotropic; but none of the 3 others geotropic & they certainly ought have to become so, & therefore seem to have been injured by their immersion

(17th 7º 40' a.m — all 4 perpendicularly geotropic ie after 24º: it shd be remembered that they had been reversed, & this always greatly delays geotropism.

(4 R. after 7º 3 7º 30' no trace— some increase so 22º 30' 2 horizontal & 2 a vestige of geotropism wiped & now their position — after 24 perpendicularly geotropic

(Immersion)

Jar F.

15' 9º a.m — 3 more in water & one in air— all germinated with red sand

4º. 30 P.m. the 3 in water not geotropic at all— the one in air perpendicularly geotropic

(16th. 8º 55' a.m The one in air air of course still perpendicularly geotropic; of other 3 ie after 24º one with a mere trace of geotropism: the 2 others straight, but as one of these 2 has blunt snub-nose root is perhaps monstrous & ought not to be counted — not reversed — wiped roots & suspended over water. (16th. 4º 35'; 2 with radicles almost perpendicularly down; the third with snub-nose, a trace of geotropism.)

(17th. 7º 45' a.m. the 2 radicles in same state ie almost perpendicularly geotropic; even snub-nose decidedly geotropic.) There can be no doubt that immersion of radicle & Bean water almost stops action of geotropism.

The thing to find out is whether immersed radicles grow

[1v]

(Immersed Radicles Beans)

[calculations not transcribed]

(2

Jar D

Radicles Beans. Tips out of water

April 16th 9. 30" a.m

3 transfixed obliquely so that nearest apex above water & Bean itself immersed— 4 transfixed obliquely, but completely immersed, Temp. germinated in sawdust— but look healthy

(Immersion)

(1) apex free out of w. aft 7º 30' (5º P.m not geotropic but so close to cork that apex apparently always covered with water

(17th 8. 30' a.m hardly a trace of geotropism aft 7º 30 (this in fact was always immersed)

(2) apex free out of w. (5º P.m radius about 28 m.m slightly upturned (17th 8º. 30' a.m, a little geotropic radius 20 mm

(3) out of w. (5º apex horizontal was declined. (17th 8º 30' a.m slightly geotropic radius 15. mm.

(4) quite immersed (⨀ flap. 28 2/3 mm middle of ⨀) 5º— horizontal was declined ⨀ 5º P.m ⨀ (17th 8º 30' am scarcely (ie small) above horizontal. N.B flap not trustworthy standard, as is pushed away by growing plumule

(5) quite immersed ⨀ do 18 1/2 mm ⨀ (5º 5' trace of curvature ⨀ 5º. 5' ⨀

(17th 8º 30' am hardly a trace of geotropism ⨀ I think grown much ... 24 mm ⨀ — I think trustworthy

(6) quite immersed ⨀ do ⨀ 19 2/3 mm 14 2/3 mm (5º. 5' trace of curvature ⨀ ⨀

(17th 8º 30' a.m hardly a trace of geotropism ⨀ ...... 17 mm ⨀ I think trustworthy

(7) quite immersed, ⨀ do ⨀ 17 mm (5º. 5' curved in opposition to gravity! ⨀ 5º. 5' ⨀ (17th 8º 30' a.m not a trace of geotropism ⨀ ... 21 mm. ⨀ I think trustworthy

(The completely immersed radicles in 23º have all increased from 2 to 4 mm & therefore not nearly so much as radicle in air increase & yet it is surprising with this much increase that not more bent; but probably want of growth accounts for little curvature & those with apex out of air water only slightly more geotropic, & in this case Beans itself was well immersed.—

(18th 8º a.m all 4 quite immersed Beans in same state, not geotropic

[2]

(Jar A

Radicles— Beans Tips out of Water

(germinated in red sand) Temp 56-59º

April 16th 1879. 8º 30' a.m.

6 Beans transfixed so that radicles inclined upwards at about angle of 30º or 25º — 3 of them immersed in water & 3 with extreme apex out of water, but with water attracted by capillary action along whole lower surface, except extreme pointed apex —upper corner of bean itself out of water— for radicles not very long

Temp 56º-59º F

(1) quite immersed skin...⨀ ⨀ 11m (⨀ 4º. 50' ⨀ no trace of geotropism) (17th 8º 15' perfectly straight in 23º 45' ⨀...14 1/4 mm... ⨀

(18th 7º 40' a.m. 15 mm between dots, not a traces of geotropism) quite trust worthy measurement)

(2) quite immersed Crooked R to end of Hilum ⨀ 16 mm ⨀ (⨀ 4º 50' ⨀ horizontal, but no upturning (17th 8º 15 a trace of geotropism ⨀ length 18 1/4 ⨀) (18th 7º 40' a.m. a trace of upturning— same length between dots

(3) quite immersed ⨀ [sketch] ⨀ 16 mm (⨀ 4. 50 ⨀ no trace of geotropism (17' 8º 15. perfectly straight ⨀ length 19. mm ⨀ (but flap not quite trustworthy) (17th 7º 40' a.m. 19 1/2 m.m no trace of geotropism.)

(4) extreme apex out of water (4. 50' distinctly but slightly geotropic: radius 8 mm. (17th 8º 20 almost highly perpendicularly geotropic to about 45º from vertical — radius 8 m.m

(5) extreme apex of W. (4º. 55' strongly geotropic radius 5 mm (17' 8º 20 am almost perpendicularly geotropic

(6) extreme apex out of W. (4º. 50" strong geotropic: radius 7 1/2 mm. (17th 8º 20' highly geotropic radius 10 mm.

N.B 18th 8º am all 6 radicles in exactly same position!

(Conclusion There can be no doubt when apex of R. & shoulder of bean out of water that R. is far more acted on & continues to be acted on that when whole radicle & bean immersed)

[3]

Radicles— Beans— Tips obliquely out of water

Tips barely 2 m.m out of water— rather long-radicles

whole of beans & most of radicle immersed— Angle of radicle above Horizon

April 21. 1879 8º 45' a.m. 9º am 8º. 55'

(1) tip out long thin R to right 10º 10' a.m immersed 4º 45' Pm. This has grown almost straight out of water!

(2) tip out 10º 10' almost quite immersed, on exact level. 12º 40' apex immersed, but a bit behind not immersed 2º well under water

(3) tip out

(4) completely immersed (after 15' longer)

(5) completely immersed. (about 15 longer)

22d 8º a m — no marked difference in any— nothing conclusive— experiment quite a failure