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Lupinus luteus

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Chap. 8

 

appear to apparently indicates that the males inversely exceed the females in number in the same in this proportion. About 2000 species or varieties of moths (Heterocera) are catalogued, those with wingless females being here excluded or account of the different ce in habits of the two sexes: of these 2000 species, 141 differ in price according to sex, the males of 130 being cheaper, and the males of only 11 being dearer than the females. The average price of the males with of the 130 species, to that of the females, is as 100 to 143. With respect to the butterflies of in this priced list catalogue, Mr. Doubleday thinks, (and no man in England has had more experience) that there is nothing in the habit of the species which can account for the difference in the prices of the two sexes, except inequality in & that it can only be accounted by an excess in the the males. But I am bound to add that Dr. Staudinger himself writes to me that he is, as he informs me, of a different opinion. He thinks that the less active habits of the females butterflies and the earlier emergence of the males will account for the his collectors securing a larger number of males than of females, and and consequently for their lower price being lower of the former. In the case of the species which are With respect to specimens reared from the caterpillar state, Dr. Staudinger he believes, as previously stated, that a greater number of the females perish die in the cocoons under confinement. Dr. Staudinger He adds that with certain species one sex seems to preponderate over

[Descent 1: 312: "On an average of the prices of the 113 species, the price of the male to that of the female is as 100 to 149; and this apparently indicates that inversely the males exceed the females in number in the same proportion. About 2000 species or varieties of moths (Heterocera) are catalogued, those with wingless females being here excluded on account of the difference in habits of the two sexes: of these 2000 species, 141 differ in price according to sex, the males of 130 being cheaper, and the males of only 11 being dearer than the females. The average price of the males of the 130 species, to that of the females, is as 100 to 143. With respect to the butterflies in this prices list, Mr. Doubleday thinks (and no man in England has had more experience), that there is nothing in the habits of the species which can account for the difference in the prices of the two sexes, and that it can be accounted for only by an excess in the numbers of the males. But I am bound to add that Dr. Staudinger himself, as he informs me, is of a different opinion. He thinks that the less active habits of the females and the earlier emergence of the males will account for his collectors securing a larger number of males than of females, and consequently for the lower prices of the former. With respect to specimens reared from the caterpillar-state, Dr. Staudinger believes, as previously stated, that a greater number of females than of males die under confinement in the cocoons. He adds that with certain species one sex seems to preponderate over the other during certain years."]

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Lupinus luteus under dark

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Chapt. 8

bony protuberance of the skull which support the crest in partially developed even before the chickens are hatched, & the crest itself some begin to grow through at first fully;31* (26) & in this breed and [illeg] great bony protuberance  as well as & an immense crest are characteristic of the adult female adult as well as of the male.) transmitted in [illeg] of both sexes.

[Slip of paper pasted on:] Finally from what we have seen of the the inheritance [illeg] and development of characters in in with many most of our domestic races, & with most species but more especially from such facts with species in the state of nature,— such as the early growth of the horns in the rein-deer and in certain antelopes, in which both sexes have horns, in comparison with their much later growth in the other species of deer members of the same families in which the male alone has horns — we may conclude that one cause, but by no means the sole cause of characters being exclusively inherited by one sex alone, is their development at a late age. And on the other hand that one, though apparently less efficient, though apparently less efficient than the last cause of characters being inherited by both sexes is their development at an early age, whilst the sexes differ but little in constitution. It appears, however, that some difference must exists between the the se [text excised] early [text excised]

[Descent 1: 295-6: "With the Polish breeds the bony protuberance of the skull which supports the crest is partially developed even before the chickens are hatched, and the crest itself soon begins to grow, though at first feebly;31 and in this breed a great bony protuberance and an immense crest characterise the adults of both sexes.
Finally, from what we have now seen of the relation which exists in many natural species and domesticated races, between the period of the development of their characters and the manner of their transmission—for example the striking fact of the early growth of the horns in the reindeer, in which both sexes have horns, in comparison with their much later growth in the other species in which the male alone bears horns—we may conclude that one cause, though not the sole
31 For full particulars and references on all these points respecting the several breeds of the Fowl, see 'Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication,' vol. i. p. 250, 256. In regard to the higher animals, the sexual differences which have arisen under domestication are described in the same work under the head of each species.
cause, of characters being exclusively inherited by one sex, is their development at a late age. And secondly, that one, though apparently a less efficient, cause of characters being inherited by both sexes is their development at an early age, whilst the sexes differ but little in constitution. It appears, however, that some difference must exist between the sexes even during an early embryonic period, for characters developed at this age not rarely become attached to one sex."]