[228]

Oct 20' Lupinus luteus Cot. facing light — (stem tied) with bristle affixed [sketch]

[data not transcribed]

(Used)

Oct 21' (fixed stem) – first plant a little further off, otherwise all in same position

[data not transcribed]

used

I have no doubt merely due to Heliotropism of stem, probably perhaps partly to yesterday rising of upper part

[228v]

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Chap. 8

females are subject to parthenogenesis; and thus we see how ignorant we are on the causes of the apparent discrepancy in the proportional numbers of the two sexes.

In the other Classes of the Articulata I have been able to collect even still less information. With Spiders, Mr. Blackwall, who has carefully attended to this class during during many years, writes to me that the males from their more erratic habits would be are more commonly seen, and would therefore appear to be the more numerous; and this is the case with a few species; but he mentions several species in six genera, in which the females appear to be much more numerous than the males.71*(zz) The small size of the males, sometimes carried to an extraordinary extreme degree, in comparison with the females, and their widely different appearance, may account in some instances for their rarity, or even complete absence, in collection. 72*(GG)

Some of the lower Crustaceans are able to propagate their kind asexually, and this will account for the ex= [text excised]

[Descent 1: 314-15: "With most of these species (excepting, as I have heard, with the Tenthredinæ) there is no reason to suppose that the females are subject to parthenogenesis; and thus we see how ignorant we are on the causes of the apparent discrepancy in the proportional numbers of the two sexes.
In the other Classes of the Articulata I have been able to collect still less information. With Spiders, Mr. Blackwall, who has carefully attended to this class during many years, writes to me that the males from their more erratic habits are more commonly seen,
67 Walsh, in 'The American Entomologist,' vol. i. 1869, p. 103. F. Smith, 'Record of Zoological Literature,' 1867, p. 328.
68 'Farm Insects,' p. 45-46.
69 'Observations on N. American Neuroptera,' by H. Hagen and B. D. Walsh, 'Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia,' Oct. 1863, p. 168, 223, 239.
70 'Proc. Ent. Soc. London,' Feb. 17, 1868.
and therefore appear to be the more numerous. This is actually the case with a few species; but he mentions several species in six genera, in which the females appear to be much more numerous than the males.71 The small size of the males in comparison with the females, which is sometimes carried to an extreme degree, and their widely different appearance, may account in some instances for their rarity in collections.72
71 Another great authority in this class, Prof. Thorell of Upsala ('On European Spiders,' 1869-70, part i. p. 205) speaks as if female spiders were generally commoner than the males.
72 See, on this subject, Mr. Pickard-Cambridge, as quoted in 'Quarterly Journal of Science,' 1868, p. 429.