RECORD: Darwin, C. R. 1878.06.16-19. Oxalis rosea / Draft of Cross and self fertilisation. CUL-DAR209.4.308-309. (John van Wyhe ed., 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/)

REVISION HISTORY: Transcribed by Christine Chua and John van Wyhe, edited by John van Wyhe 9.2022. RN2

NOTE: See record in the Darwin Online manuscript catalogue, enter its Identifier here. Reproduced with permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library and William Huxley Darwin. The volume CUL-DAR209.4 contains materials for Darwin's book Movement in plants (1880).

Draft of Cross and self fertilisation in the hand of Ebenezer Norman with corrections by Darwin.


[308]

Jun 16th

Oxalis rosea

8° 30' a.m

8' 40 Lower dot I think must have twisted.

9 10 tremendously down (plant injured?)

10. 33' new Cot & new marks.

10 55 greatly down & to left

12 far down out of vision— must be sensitive

2 is I think rising

2° P.m new mark

3 down out of sight— — sensitive ?

6° P.m all gone to sleep.

17th

6° 45

8. 30' out of sight, below made dot move, partially by chance

(Effects of filament, as other seedlings not depressed)

9 30 up to former level.          Touched 2 Cots for 30"'

10. 3 risen tremendously        no effect after 10', 20' & 1° !!!

10. 10 risen, (but moved pot a bit to one side           

10. 30' greatly risen

11° little up & to left ((I see other Cot with filament is changing position.) greatly & regularly)   

11° 30' down  

?

{

11 53 far down

12 1'30' down a good way

            (Used)

12 13 far down     Used 

12 37' far down out of sight   

1° do   

1. 21' much risen, but still just out of sight yet marked by guess     

1. 28' true mark above rim of pot      

1. 55 up.

2. 30 up

2° 53 down— The Cot. is now horizontal

3. 30. down

[308v]

[text excised]

pollen-grains of many plants, or the irritability of the stamens which move when touched by insects &c.— as all these contrivances are evidently adaptations for favour or ensureing cross-fertilisation.

All ordinary flowers are always so far open that insects can & do force an entrance into them; notwithstanding that some, like the snapdragon (Antirrhinum), various Papilionaceous and Fumariaceous flowers, are in appearance closed. The existence of It cannot be maintained that their openness of flower is necessary for their fertility for cleistogene flowers shows prove

[Cross and self fertilisation, p. 375: "I need say nothing here of the endless contrivances, such as the viscid glands attached to the pollen-masses of the Orchideae and Asclepiadae, or the viscid or roughened state of the pollen-grains of many plants, or the irritability of their stamens which move when touched by insects etc.—as all these contrivances evidently favour or ensure cross-fertilisation.
All ordinary flowers are so far open that insects can force an entrance into them, notwithstanding that some, like the Snapdragon (Antirrhinum), various Papilionaceous and Fumariaceous flowers, are in appearance closed. It cannot be maintained that their openness is necessary for fertility, as cleistogene flowers which are permanently closed yield a full complement of seeds."]

[309]

17th O. rosea continued

3° 52' down

4. 32 do

5. 5 do (all beginning to go to sleep.)

5 15 in line with rim of pot

5. 45 same position or an atom risen (a ⨀ to see whether lateral movement

6. 15 now far below rim.

18'

            Seedlings with Hypocotyl …… not tied

6° 40' a.m   (Old) Right Hand          Left Hand

7 43 up.          

New

8 12' slided pot   right Hand            8° 12' first dot

8° 57 down      8 58 down.

9 13 do            9. 13 do

9 28' a little rise   (Tip 5 inch from glass)      9. 28 down little   (Tip 3 3/4 fr glass)

10 up greatly   10. up

10. 30 do         10. 30' up.

10 53 fallen & down   10. '53 still down up

11. 30 far down, about on rim            11. 30 still up

}

12. 5 greatly up

12. 38 down

1. 37 down & to right

2 42 up

3. 5 little down

4° to right & little down

            12. 5.   same spot— I believe nutation down

12 35 down up

1°. 37 down.

}

2. 42 up

3. 5 little down

 small oscillation

4° far down

5 down            5 down

6' far down out of sight           6° 5 far down out of sight

19th 6° 40' horizontal ⨀         6° 40 ⨀ Horizontal

  8° 10 down 8. 10' down

            (Used)

Length of Cot .15 of inch

              Length of Cot .15

[309v]

*(a) page 42

Mr. Blackley observed that the ripe anthers of rye did not dehisce whist kept under a bell-glass in a damp atmosphere, whilst other anthers exposed to the same temperature in the open air dehisced freely. He also found much more pollen adhering to the sticky slides, which were attached to kites and sent high up in the atmosphere, during the firsy fine and dry days after wet weather, than at other times:

Experimental Researches on Hay Fever, 1873. p. 127.

[Cross and self fertilisation, p. 376, n*: "Mr. Blackley observed that the ripe anthers of rye did not dehisce whilst kept under a bell-glass in a damp atmosphere, whilst other anthers exposed to the same temperature in the open air dehisced freely. He also found much more pollen adhering to the sticky slides, which were attached to kites and sent high up in the atmosphere, during the first fine and dry days after wet weather, than at other times: 'Experimental Researches on Hay Fever' 1873 page 127."]


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Citation: John van Wyhe, ed. 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online. (http://darwin-online.org.uk/)

File last updated 19 December, 2025