[320]

Oxalis Valdiviana

18th

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(Used)

[320v]

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Kerner has shown in his interesting essay,*(b) (*(b) Die Schultzmittel des Pollen, 1873) by the movements of the petals or of the whole flower during cold and wet weather. In order to compensate the loss of pollen in so many ways, the anthers produce a far larger amount than is necessary for the fertilisation of the same flower. I know this from my own experiments on Ipomœa, given in the introduction; and it is still more plainly 189 shown by the astonishingly small quantity produced by cleistogamic flowers, which

[Cross and self fertilisation, p. 376: "With many plants this latter evil is guarded against, as far as is possible, by the anthers opening only during dry weather,* —by the position and form of some or all of the petals,—by the presence of hairs, etc., and as Kerner has shown in his interesting essay,† by the movements of the petals or of the whole flower during cold and wet weather. In order to compensate the loss of pollen in so many ways, the anthers produce a far larger amount than is necessary for the fertilisation of the same flower. I know this from my own experiments on Ipomoea, given in the Introduction; and it is still more plainly shown by the astonishingly small quantity produced by cleistogene flowers, which lose none of their pollen, in comparison with that produced by the open flowers borne by the same plants; and yet this small quantity suffices for the fertilisation of all their numerous seeds."]