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Chap. 8

domestication, In some the various breeds of sheep, goats and cattle, the males have come to differ from the respective females in the shape or development of their horns, forehead, mane, dewlap, outline of tail tail and hump on the shoulders. These peculiarities are transmitted to the male offspring alone, and in accordance with our rule, these characters are not fully developed in them male until rather late in life. With Dogs, the sexes do not differ, except that in certain breeds, especially in the Scotch Deer-hounds, the male is much larger & heavier than the female; and as we shall see in a future chapter that the male goes on increasing in size to an unusually late period of life, this which will account according to one rule for the increased dimensions size being transferred transmitted to the males alone. On the other hand, the with tortoise-shell colour, which is confined to certain female cats, is distinct at at birth, & this cats, in flagrant violates of our rule. the colours of the two sexes are conspicuously distinct at birth. There is a breed of pigeons in which the males alone are streaked with black, and the character streaks can be detected even in the nestlings; but the black goes as they go on increasing during life in blackness at each successive moult, so that this case partly opposes and partly supports our the rule. Two other sub-breeds of the pigeon have been described by Neumeister, 30,*(25) which change colour after each of the the first moulting two or three times moults, as does likewise the Almond Tumbler; nevertheless these changes

[Descent 1: 293-4: "In the various domestic breeds of sheep, goats, and cattle, the males differ from their respective females in the shape or development of their horns, forehead, mane, dewlap, tail, and hump on the shoulders; and these peculiarities, in accordance with our rule, are not fully developed until rather late in life. With dogs, the sexes do not differ, except that in certain breeds, especially in the Scotch deer-hound, the male is much larger and heavier than the female; and as we shall see in a future chapter, the male goes on increasing in size to an unusually late period of life, which will account, according to our rule, for his increased size being transmitted to his male offspring alone. On the other hand, the tortoise-shell colour of the hair, which is confined to female cats, is quite distinct at birth, and this case violates our rule. There is a breed of pigeons in which the males alone are streaked with black, and the streaks can be detected even in the nestlings; but they become more conspicuous at each successive moult, so that this case partly opposes and partly supports the rule. With the English Carrier and Pouter pigeon the full development of the wattle and the crop occurs rather late in life, and these characters, conformably with our rule, are transmitted in full perfection to the males alone. The following cases perhaps come within the class previously alluded to, in which the two sexes have varied in the same manner at a rather late period of life, and have consequently transferred their new characters to both sexes at a corresponding late period; and if so, such cases are not opposed to our rule. Thus there are sub-breeds of the pigeon, described by Neumeister,30 both sexes of which change colour after moulting twice or thrice, as does likewise the Almond Tumbler; nevertheless these changes, though occurring rather late in life, are common to both sexes."]