[403a]

Vicia faba

Dec 18 Bean — Plumule tied, tip not out of seed (a good way below surface & after fixing filament, curved up, but leaving filament free

11° 55   ⨀
12. 40' little way from light
 do . 1. 40'  
2 55 from light & to left
3 55 from light & little to right zig-zage
5 23'   do little to left
6 51 straight from light
 (This first great movement seem to be the usual one of exterior of 8. 30 little to right  basal half of stem)
9. 24   
10 44'   

 

19'. 6° 45'
8. 25 to left (watered plant  &  ⨀→) now movement  
9 30 →

 

10° 45' moved pot so as to get on glass ⊡ new dot
11. 55 a very little way to right & light traced from new dot ⊡
1. 5 to left
1. 30 gone back almost completed circ

1. 30 moved pot new dot
2 35 slight movement to left & light
another minute circle almost completed  3°

[403bv]

3° new dot — more magnified
3' 55' to light & left — tip of arc on level with soil— which was cleared away
5 ..10 same course
7. 20 to left &  Old    light
8. 25 a little to right
9. 35 gone back on old line
   10. 50' gone back again  Old Seedling

6. 55 Dec. 20th
8. 7 — to left & light
fixed new glass filament & continued observation
9°. a m Right Hand
9' 30 to left  Right & Nearer Plant
(Reduced scale)   10. 15. gone back  
11. 20 from light
(old)    1°— to left — short way
2. 15 same course   (Used)
4° — gone back
5. 23 to left & from light
7 20' same course
8. 53 to left & from light
10. 45 far from light— I think plumule is straightening itself

  6. 50 far off glass — end of Plumule thus [sketch] if ever tied has burst free
filament fixed rather high up basal half of plumule

(Used)

[403av and 403br]

19

Chap VII

forms of man kept distinct when they were mingled together in the same country in large numbers, as do like ordinary species, he would immediately discover that this was by no means the case. In Brazil he would behold an immense mongrel population of Negros of Portuguese; in Chiloe & other parts of South America, he would behold the whole population consisting of Indians & Spaniards mingled blended in various populations degrees. 15*(16) In many parts of the sane Continent he would meet with the most complex crosses between Negros, Indian & Europeans; & such triple crosses afford the severest test, judging from the vegetable Kingdom, of the mutual fertility of the parent-forms. In one island of the Pacific he would find a small population of mingled Polynesian & English blood; & in the Viti Archipelago a population of

[Draft of Descent 1: 224-5: "On the other side of the question, if our supposed naturalist were to enquire whether the forms of man kept distinct like ordinary species, when mingled to gether in large numbers in the same country, he would immediately discover that this was by no means the case. In Brazil he would behold an immense mongrel population of Negroes and Portuguese; in Chiloe and other parts of South America, he would behold the whole population consisting of Indians and Spaniards blended in various degrees.15 In many parts of the same continent he would meet with the most complex crosses between Negroes, Indians, and Europeans; and such triple crosses afford the severest test, judging from the vegetable kingdom, of the mutual fertility of the parent-forms. In one island of the Pacific he would find a small population of mingled Polynesian and English blood; and in the Viti Archipelago a population of Polynesians and Negritos crossed in all degrees."]

[404]

(1

New Bean Dec. 20th Bean— Bent tip of filament Deeply buried, cleared away earth & tied tip of plumule which was not out seed with silk very firmly to basal half — then covered up with crumbly earth, leaving minute hollow

Left Plant Further (New)

9° a.m.   Left Hand    

Left Plant

9. 31' to right Hand short — distance

10. 15 gone back        

Further

11. 20 from light        

(New)

1° from light & to left

2. 15 directly from light         12 3/8 total distance

4    to left & from light

5 . 23 to light 

7. 20 from light & to left       

8. 53 to left & little from light           (21 6/10 times.)

10. 45 very short distance same course         

6. 50 right ground & dotted line         Dec 21

8' 20 from light & left

9 .25   nearly same course     

10. 25   same course (Used)

11. 50   to left         

1. 35    do    

3. 5   to left & little to light   

4 53   same course  

  (See next paper)

[404v]

18

Chap VII

We have now seen that a naturalist might feel himself fully justified in ranking the races of man as distinct species; by finding from having found that they were distinguished by many & various differences, in constitution & structures, some being of apparent importance & having some being of apparent importance, in structures & constitution, & that their differences had remained nearly constant are nearly for very long periods of time. He would also have been influenced by the enormous range of man, which is a great anomaly in his class.

he be [text excised] Our naturalist

[bottom half of page excised]

[Descent 1: 224: "We have now seen that a naturalist might feel himself fully justified in ranking the races of man as distinct species; for he has found that they are distinguished by many differences in structure and constitution, some being of importance. These differences have, also, remained nearly constant for very long periods of time. He will have been in some degree influenced by the enormous range of man, which is a great anomaly in the class of mammals, if mankind be viewed as a single species. He will have been struck with the distribution of the several so-called races, in accordance with that of other undoubtedly distinct species of mammals."]

[405]

(2

Dec. 21'

New Bean Plant

(Before removing Plant from under glass base the beans & see what great movement means)

4°. 55' new dot card being slightly moved
5 55 .to. light
7. 25 to right
9. 5 to light
10. 50' to left & parallel to former line
Dec. 22.
6. 55' dotted line	(Tip of plumule directed towards the bean)
8. 10 from light
9. 23 to left
11°—   almost same spot— end of plumule free!
12. 20'   an atom same course	(Used)
do   do   2° .
do   do   4 .

5°. 10' to light & left more movement
6 7 gone back a little
7 30 gone back again— perhaps these 2 last movements an error
8. 55 scarcely moved
10. 15 — gone back → [sketch] This course during whole day but new filament fixed close to base & beneath ground

Dec. 23 . 6° 50 a.m
⨀ same spot

[405v]

16

Chap VII

may might be justly urged that the perfect fertility, if established, of the intercrossed races of man, when intercrossed ought not absolutely to preclude us from ranking them as distinct species.)

(Independently of the question of fertility, the nature or the character of the offspring from a cross has sometimes been thought to afford evidence whether the parent-forms ought properly to be ranked so species or varieties;

[text excised] evidence

[bottom half of page excised]

[Descent  1: 223: "From these several considerations, it may be justly urged that the perfect fertility of the intercrossed races of man, if established, would not absolutely preclude us from ranking them as distinct species.
Independently of fertility, the character of the offspring from a cross has sometimes been thought to afford evidence whether the parent-forms ought to be ranked as species or varieties; but after carefully studying the evidence, I have come to the conclusion that no general rules of this kind can be trusted."]

[406]

[Two fragments pasted together]

Dec. 26 Bean end of plumule at ∠' to basal half [sketch]

8°. 55     germ on bare sand

9. 35

10. 20

11. 25 atom to left

12. 12 almost same spot

1 45 to left & light

3.— 5 gone back to old line

4 to light on old line

5° 15 back from light upper part of plumule still at r ∠s  [sketch]

7. 15 to left, (joined by circular line

8. 25 to left & from light

9 20 from light & to left.

  opposite well illuminated ←

10. 55. from light Plumle still at ∠s

Dec. 2

6° 50' Dec. 27th

8. 35 to left & from light

10. 10 (11° end of plumule above ∠ to left & to light

11. 20' same course rather short

1°    to right

2. 8 to right & from Light

3° right from light close to morning....  ⨀     (Used)

4. to light short distance

4° 40' ⊡ after putting card to test sensitive

5. 25 to left & light ( . no action from card)

7. 15 to light & right

8. 50 to right & little to light

 

(Plumle

 

10. 20 from light

How low is filament attached to plumle, as well show whether buried.0

 

Dec. 28th 6°. 50' a.m   (filament now fixed about 1/2 way up basal 1/2 of plumule & .4 above upper surface of bean — Upper part at 45° above ∠' angles)

9. 35' an atom to left & from light

11° 10 to right

12.    to light (card removed)

1. 35 to right can this be effect of Card?

2. 55 far to right    do ? no no in opposite direction

4° — to right — I certainly think card

5. 15. still far to right — This is the backward movement which I have been looking for, ie from top of plumule.

7. 23 to right

[406v]

Chap VII

the work 9*(9) of a cautious & p[text excised]

observer, Dr. Paul Broca; & in [text excised]

find, good evidence that some r[text excised]

fertile together; but that in regard to [text excised]

not be affirmed with certainly [text excised]

has been said that Australian & Tasminian [text excised]

produce children to European m[text excised]

evidence on this head has now been [text excised]

almost valueless. The half-cast[text excised]

[text excised]

[Descent 1: 220: "He might consult the work9 of a cautious and philosophical observer, Professor Broca; and in this he would find good evidence that some races were quite fertile together; but evidence of an opposite nature in regard to other races. Thus it has been asserted that the native women of Australia and Tasmania rarely produce children to European men; the evidence, however, on this head has now been shewn to be almost valueless. The half-castes are killed by the pure blacks; and an account has lately been published of eleven half-caste youths murdered and burnt at the same time, whose remains were found by the police.10
9 'On the Phenomena of Hybridity in the Genus Homo,' Eng. translat. 1864.
10 See the interesting letter by Mr. T. A. Murray, in the 'Anthropolog. Review,' April, 1868, p. liii. In this letter Count Strzelecki's statement, that Australian women who have borne children to a white man are afterwards sterile with their own race, is disproved. M. A. de Quatrefages has also collected ('Revue des Cours Scientifiques,' March, 1869, p. 239) much evidence that Australians and Europeans are not sterile when crossed."]

Quatrefages de Bréau, Jean Louis Armand de. 1869. Critique du polygénisme (suite). - Fécondité du croisement entre groupes humains. Revue des cours scientifiques de la France et de l'étranger 6: 235-240.

[Proof sheet of Forms of flowers, 167.]

[407]

Total 8 7/8 inches Bean

 ⨀   20 2/10 times

Dec. 28'   Filament fell of

7° 30' P.m. (⨀) moved card slightly, but tracing may go on

8. 30 far to right but I think filament becoming detached

8° 40 P.m ⨀ nearer side of glass.— fixed filament nearly on summit of lower 1/2 of plumule, on base of lowest scale, representing first leaf [sketch]

9° 10' from light short distance.

10. to left & to light

10. 50' to left

Dec 29th 6.° 55"—.....

  8° gone back parallel to dots

  8. 45 same course

  9. 35 to light     (Used)

  11. 10 to right

  11. 45 same course

  12 15 do— I suspect straightening of upper part of plumule

  1° an atom to left

  1. 45    do.

  2. 30 a little more to left

  3 — same course

  4. 15 to light & right

  5. 50 from light & to right

  7°    nearly same course

  8. 20' to left back

  9. 23 far to left (plumule far from straight)

  10. 45 ends with big dot

30th. 7°. 10' / 8°. 15' an atom from light // 9°. 15. to light / 10° 10' to left & light // 10°. 50' same course

[407v]

[Proof sheet of Forms of flowers, p. 169.]