[56]

Oct 8th Red Cabbage

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(This bundle refers to [movement] of whole plant, exposed to light & traced on vertical glass)

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Chap 8

reproduction. Thus the females of certain flies (Culicidæ and Tabanidæ) are blood-suckers, while the males and live on flowers & have their mouths destitute of mandibles. *(1) The males of certain moths and some of crustaceans (e.g. Tanais) have their mouth closed rudimentary mouths and cannot of course eat feed. The Complemental males of certain cirripedes live like epiphytic plants either on the female or on the hermaphrodite form, and are destitute both of a mouth and of prehensile limbs. In these cases it is the male which has been modified and has lost certain important parts organs, which are common to all the other members of the same group. In other cases it is the female which has lost such parts; for instance wings lost by the female glow-worm has lot her wings, as have and by many female moths, some of which never leave their cocoons. The      legs, also, have been lost by Many female pra parasitic crustaceans have lost their natatory legs. In some weevil-beetles (Curlionidæ) there is a great difference between the male & female in the length of the rostrum or snout in the male and female *(2) 2 2; but the meaning of this differences in these cases and of many numerous many other analogous cases cases difference is not at all understood. Differences in structure in between the two sexes in relation to different habits of life are generally confined to the lower animals; but with Birds, as we shall hereafter see, some such cases occur in

[Descent 1: 254-5: "Thus the females of certain flies (Culicidæ and Tabanidæ) are blood-suckers, whilst the males live on flowers and have their mouths destitute of mandibles.1 The males alone of certain moths and of some crustaceans (e.g. Tanais) have imperfect, closed mouths, and cannot feed. The Complemental males of certain cirripedes live like epiphytic plants either on the female or hermaphrodite form, and are destitute of a mouth and prehensile limbs. In these cases it is the male which has been modified and has lost certain important organs, which the other members of the same group possess. In other cases it is the female which has lost such parts; for instance, the female glowworm is destitute of wings, as are many female moths, some of which never leave their cocoons. Many female parasitic crustaceans have lost their natatory legs. In some weevil-beetles (Curculionidæ) there is a great difference between the male and female in the length of the rostrum or snout;2 but the meaning of this and of many analogous differences, is not at all understood. Differences of structure between the two sexes in relation to different habits of life are generally confined to the lower animals; but with some few birds the beak of the male differs from that of the female.
1 Westwood, 'Modern Class. of Insects,' vol. ii. 1840, p. 541."]