(p 5

On Sand Bath in Study

Maize Radicles

First jar

July 4 Some seeds were kept very hot by night-light, under Bell-glass so that water was often 80º F. or even above, but air got dry above & many many of the radicles got brown— The jar was then put on sand bath & sand kept at about 80 F all night— at about 5º P.m sqr. were put on 3 of the best radicles, & this morning July 5th at 8º a.m 2 of the radicles were deflected 2✔ O from sqrs & the sq. had slipped off the 3d.

[in margin:] Effects of Heat h (z) see

(1) 5th 8' 50' a.m curved to Sachs & little to left put on sq (6th 8º 30', enormously curved to S. & I think card no effect, but then shell-lac all round apex.  O

Temp. of sand on 5th. 76º to 82º F. — on 6th. 77º to 82º F

(2) 4th 5º. P.m sqr put on (see above) at 5º P.m &   cted on (6' 8º 30 inclined laterally from sq   ✔

   ☞

[sketch]

length of radicle

(3) 5th. 8º 50' a.m curved a little fr S. & sqr put on (2º 40' P.m curved at ∠ from sq (6th 8º. 30' a.m, looped thus

[sketch]

✔ Loop

(4) See above old (6th 8º 30' a.m now → 

[sketch]

✔ slight Hooked

(5) 5'th 8º 50  'a.m long r. nearly  straight. sqr. put on (6th. 8º 30'  ; inclined to one side, but not from sq. which is parallel to apex— radicle of great length.

  O parallel

(6) 5th 8º 50' a.m long inclined from cork & sq put on (dropped off) put 2º 45' put on fresh sqr

(6th 8º 30' — sq. dropped off & apex geotropic, but it is clear acted before becoming displaced. ✔

[sketch]

(7) 5th. 8º 30' short R. nearly str. sqr put on ( 2º 45' much bowed over seed from sq (6th. 8º 30' a.m, thus →

[sketch] ✔

(p 3

1878

Maize Radicles Kept on Study Table

July 14 4th 8º 15' a.m 17 + 5 p. just growing radicles which had germinated on wet argillaceous sand pinned to cork & allowed to grow downwards in study — day coolish.

Temp. 18 1/2 C. = 65º to 66º F. Kept on Study Table

July 5' 9º a.m. many are 1 1/4 longer — almost all surprisingly straight, During 5th on my study Table temp ranged from 18 1/2 to 19º C, but one had grown out horizontally from seed, tip however, is now beginning to be geotropic & ultimately grew perpendicularly downwards — several radicles though straight were a little inclined to one side, & this occurred especially when the seed had been pinned obliquely — 2 others were somewhat inclined from seed— none were inclined towards seed, which I shd call inclination to Sachs

[in margin:] Many to show grow straight

After None crooked— this very important for former & later observations.

(July 5th 5º 20' P.m put on sq. on 3 of the long straight radicles

6th .8º 30 all dropped off caused apparently by secretion of viscid fluid) & by touching water.)

July 6th jar placed in Kitchen July 6th. Temp in Study Kitchen when jar placed 23º to 26º C. 74—79º 8º 30 Radicals of great length — all nearly straight no trace of convolution; so that heel does not cause bending — but the one which was horizontal is still horizontal has failed as yet in being geotropic

July 6' 80.º 30' a.m now put on sand-Bath, which ranged fr 76º to 82º

July 6' 4º 30' P.m fixed on squares of sand-paper on 5 → of longest radicles Measure & put on Sand-bath in study— Since this morning at 8º a.m jar kept in Kitchen, where temp has ranged from 23º to 26º C. ; & yet all the radicles are straight.

& so they were after being on sand-bath all night

July 7' 8º 30'

}

(1) Hooked-Length

(2) declined Length

3 1/4 inches so can be affected ← one of them has grown into complete loop

[sketch]

[sketch]

        2)

3, 4, & 5 not affected

sqr. loose or washed  off

This shows that extremely long radicles are acted on.

see p 5.

—Add as system no Square with gut. Best

(p 6

Maize Radicles Pot A

(Square fixed on)

on Sand-Bath in study

Temp of sand on 5th 75 to 82º F

on 6th 76º-82ºF

Square fixed on) (

(1) July 5th 10º 20' R extended straight & almost horizontally from seed

(6th 8º 15' slightly bowed from sq. which does not touch apex  |

(2) like (1) sq. fixed 10º 20' a.m 5th (6th  8º 15 no effect. sq. hardly touches  apex O

(3) sq. fixed 5th 10º 20' a.m r geotropic & straight (6th  8º 15 bent a little laterally from sqr)

(4) sq. fixed 5th 10º 20' a.m, at angle of 45º from seed (6th 8º 15' now bent at rt angle from sq.

✔

(5) O

(6) (O)

22º

(7) sq. fixed 5th 10º 20' a.m R. straight geotropic (6th 8º 15' ＿＿thus＿＿

[sketch]

✔ L

(8) sq. fixed 5th 10º 20' a.m. R a little curved from seed but geotropic (6th  8º 15 no effect, but whole tip surrounded by shell-lac

O

& so no real exception.—

(9) sq. fixed 5th 10º 20' a.m. R. geotropic straight. (6th  8º 15' ＿＿thus＿＿

[sketch] ✔

p. 7

Maize — Radicles

Marked Seed Jar Kept in Sand-Bath in Study

see Back for tem

July 5th 4º 45 1 P.m. sqr put on

(1) Radicle short— bowed from seed (6th 8º a.m sq. lateral; R inclined laterally from sq.)

\

Interval between 4º 45' & 8º a.m. next day

interval.    15º

(2) R. almost Horizontal straight (6th 8º am. still extending almost horizontally from seed, but wonderfully Hooked fr sq thus →

[sketch]

✔ H

(3) R. geotropic, little inclined from seed strt. straight (6th 8º am.

(thus →

[sketch]

✔ L

(4) R. bowed inclined from seed straight (6th  8º a.m, thus →

[sketch]

✔ H

(5) R like no. (4) (6th  8º a.m ＿＿＿ thus

⨀ about length of radicle ⨀if straightened

[sketch]

✔ H

(6) . R slightly inclined from seed straight strt (6th 8º a.m → thus

[sketch]

H ✔

(7) R. very short geotropic (6th 8º a m no effect sqr not touching apex    no exertion

O

(8) R greatly inclined from seed (6th  8º a.m, thus

← ✔ H

[sketch]

(9.) R. geotropic but much inclined to Right opposed to sq.

(6th  8º. a.m. thus →

[sketch]

✔ H

over A most wonderful cork all affected, except 1 & here sq. had slided down & did not touch apex.

p 7A

Maize

This jar left from 8º a.m on the 6th on Study Table

(temp 18 1/2 to 19 1/2 C. on Table) to see if how much convoluted any of radicles will grow

July 7th 9º a.m the ordinary final result is that radicle makes a complete twist rubs off sqrs & then goes on growing geotropically

Get G to draw —G. has drawn [sketch]

Examine any Helices.

[Highly] effective Temperature

(July 5th temp of sand (N.B. jar deep with much water & temp. of damp air above no doubt much lower than sand) on the 5th 76º to 82º F. on the 6th 77º to 82º F.)

July 8th One radicle has now made a helix of 2 complete & closely adpressed coils

(p. 8

July 5' Maize Radicle. sqr affixed 2º 30' P.m in Kitchen. see for Tem

Pot B.

Temp. on 5th 24º—25º C.

on the 6th

temp 23º—26º C.

(2) R short , bowed from seed sq lateral (6th 7º 40' a.m bowed laterally from sqr) bowed laterally from sqr)

✔ ✔

observed, after 17º

✔

(3) R. straight inclined from seed sq. lateral (6th 7º 40' a.m at angle of 50º from sq.)

Period in each cases from 2º 30' P.m to 7º 40th am. next day

(3) 3(a) R str. inclined from seed & to R right (6th  7º 40' a.m tip completely Hooked thus →

[sketch]

✔ Hooked

(4) R. str. geotropic (6th 7º. 40' — tip much inclined but rather towards sq, yet as I see patch of dry shell-lac on other side, I believe is bowed owing to this cause— but doubtful case — long radicle ?

(5) R. str. inclined from seed & to right (6th 7º 45 completely bowed into ring    ✔ L

thus →

[sketch]

(6) R R R. inclined from seed str. (6th  7º. 50', a little rather inclined towards sq.— tip itself not bent— sqr. parallel to apex & loose.— long radicle (no real exertion)    O parallel

(7) R. geotropic straight  (6th 7º 50 completely Hooked

thus →

[sketch]

✔ H

(7)(a) R R straight inclined considerably to left— (6th  7º 50' long radicle no effect    O

(8) R stra. a little inclined from seed. (6th 7º 50' long radicle no effect    O

over

p 8 A

(Maize)

Left on Study table on from 8º a.m on 6th to see how convoluted Radicles will grow — Temp 18 1/2 - 19 1/2 C — Several of them have become [sketch] see George's drawing

one or two formed into a Helix

July 8 one radicle has made a helix of 2 complete coils

[9]

July 5th Temperature under Skylight upstairs of Sand Bath in Study

8º to 9º Temp of sand 76º

sometime up to 80º

 75    1. 30 ⎯⎯⎯⎯

 74 ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯   2º 

⎯⎯⎯⎯ 78    2º 40 

 ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯   4  76º

81º      4. 30 

 82º lower lamp      7º 15

6th   79º 6. 40 am 

 77º      10º 

81º       12 

 81º     2. 30' 

 85º      3 45

 82º     7º 30 

  76º    10 ⎯⎯⎯⎯

7th   7º5º 6º 45. am.

  10. 30'⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 84º

82º       3º—

 86º ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯   4º

⎯⎯⎯⎯ 87    7º .30 

  81º  8' 6º. 45 

 75       8º 

  10. 15 ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 85º

  11º 10 water about 78º

97 708

97 708

Chap._ E 10

same stock, each consisting of a single stamen or pistil, were brought close together and surrounded by a common envelope, in nearly the same manner as we see with the florets of the compositæ, we should have an hermaphrodite flower.

There seems to be no limit to the changes which organisms undergo under changing conditions of life; and some hermaphrodite plants, descended as we must believe from aboriginally diclinous plants, have had their sexes again separated. We

[217]

July 5' Kitchen

1.30 2º 25º. C.

5º 24º

July 6'

7º 35 a.m 22º 1/2 C.

11. — 23º

4. 15 26 1/2