(p 5

On Sand Bath in Study

Maize Radicles

First jar

July 4 Some seeds were kept very hot by night-light, under Bell-glass so that water was often 80° F. or even above, but air got dry above & many many of the radicles got brown— The jar was then put on sand bath & sand kept at about 80 F all night— at about 5° P.m sqr. were put on 3 of the best radicles, & this morning July 5th at 8° a.m 2 of the radicles were deflected 2✔ O from sqrs & the sq. had slipped off the 3d.

[in margin:] Effects of Heat h (z) see

(1) 5th 8' 50' a.m curved to Sachs & little to left put on sq (6th 8° 30', enormously curved to S. & I think card no effect, but then shell-lac all round apex.  O

Temp. of sand on 5th. 76° to 82° F. — on 6th. 77° to 82° F

(2) 4th 5°. P.m sqr put on (see above) at 5° P.m &   cted on (6' 8° 30 inclined laterally from sq   ✔

   ☞

[sketch]

length of radicle

(3) 5th. 8° 50' a.m curved a little fr S. & sqr put on (2° 40' P.m curved at ∠ from sq (6th 8°. 30' a.m, looped thus

[sketch]

✔ Loop

(4) See above old (6th 8° 30' a.m now → 

[sketch]

✔ slight Hooked

(5) 5'th 8° 50  'a.m long r. nearly  straight. sqr. put on (6th. 8° 30'  ; inclined to one side, but not from sq. which is parallel to apex— radicle of great length.

  O parallel

(6) 5th 8° 50' a.m long inclined from cork & sq put on (dropped off) put 2° 45' put on fresh sqr

(6th 8° 30' — sq. dropped off & apex geotropic, but it is clear acted before becoming displaced. ✔

[sketch]

(7) 5th. 8° 30' short R. nearly str. sqr put on ( 2° 45' much bowed over seed from sq (6th. 8° 30' a.m, thus →

[sketch] ✔

(p 3

1878

Maize Radicles Kept on Study Table

July 14 4th 8° 15' a.m 17 + 5 p. just growing radicles which had germinated on wet argillaceous sand pinned to cork & allowed to grow downwards in study — day coolish.

Temp. 18 1/2 C. = 65° to 66° F. Kept on Study Table

July 5' 9° a.m. many are 1 1/4 longer — almost all surprisingly straight, During 5th on my study Table temp ranged from 18 1/2 to 19° C, but one had grown out horizontally from seed, tip however, is now beginning to be geotropic & ultimately grew perpendicularly downwards — several radicles though straight were a little inclined to one side, & this occurred especially when the seed had been pinned obliquely — 2 others were somewhat inclined from seed— none were inclined towards seed, which I shd call inclination to Sachs

[in margin:] Many to show grow straight

After None crooked— this very important for former & later observations.

(July 5th 5° 20' P.m put on sq. on 3 of the long straight radicles

6th .8° 30 all dropped off caused apparently by secretion of viscid fluid ) & by touching water.)

July 6th jar placed in Kitchen July 6th. Temp in Study Kitchen when jar placed 23° to 26° C. 74—79° 8° 30 Radicals of great length — all nearly straight no

trace of convolution ; so that heel does not cause bending — but the one which was horizontal is still horizontal has failed as yet in being geotropic

July 6' 80.° 30' a.m now put on sand-Bath, which ranged fr 76° to 82°

July 6' 4° 30' P.m fixed on squares of sand-paper on 5 → of longest radicles Measure & put on Sand-bath in study— Since this morning at 8° a.m jar kept in Kitchen, where temp has ranged from 23° to 26° C. ; & yet all the radicles are straight.

& so thy were after being on sand-bath all night

July 7' 8° 30'

}

(1) Hooked-Length

(2) declined Length

3 1/4 inches so can be affected ← one of them has grown into complete loop

[sketch]

[sketch]

        2)

3, 4, & 5 not affected

sqr. loose or washed  off

This shows that extremely long radicles are acted on.

see p 5.

—Add as system no Square with gut. Best

(p 6

Maize Radicles Pot A

(Square fixed on)

on Sand-Bath in study

Temp of sand on 5th 75 to 82° F

on 6th 76°-82°F

Square fixed on) (

(1) July 5th 10° 20' R extended straight & almost horizontally from seed

(6th 8° 15' slightly bowed from sq. which does not touch apex  |

(2) like (1) sq. fixed 10° 20' a.m 5th (6th  8° 15 no effect. sq. hardly touches  apex O

(3) sq. fixed 5th 10° 20' a.m r geotropic & straight (6th  8° 15 bent a little laterally from sqr)

(4) sq. fixed 5th 10° 20' a.m, at angle of 45° from seed (6th 8° 15' now bent at rt angle from sq.

✔

(5) O

(6) (O)

22°

(7) sq. fixed 5th 10° 20' a.m R. straight geotropic (6th 8° 15' ＿＿thus＿＿

[sketch]

✔ L

(8) sq. fixed 5th 10° 20' a.m. R a little curved from seed but geotropic (6th  8° 15 no effect, but whole tip surrounded by shell-lac

O

& so no real exception.—

(9) sq. fixed 5th 10° 20' a.m. R. geotropic straight. (6th  8° 15' ＿＿thus＿＿

[sketch] ✔

p. 7

Maize — Radicles

Marked Seed Jar Kept in Sand-Bath in Study

see Back for tem

July 5th 4° 45 1 P.m. sqr put on

(1) Radicle short— bowed from seed (6th 8° a.m sq. lateral; R inclined laterally from sq.)

\

Interval between 4° 45' & 8° a.m. next day

interval.    15°

(2) R. almost Horizontal straight (6th 8° am. still extending almost horizontally from seed, but wonderfully Hooked fr sq thus →

[sketch]

✔ H

(3) R. geotropic, little inclined from seed strt. straight (6th 8° am.

(thus →

[sketch]

✔ L

(4) R. bowed inclined from seed straight (6th  8° a.m, thus →

[sketch]

✔ H

(5) R like no. (4) (6th  8° a.m ＿＿＿ thus

⨀ about length of radicle ⨀if straightened

[sketch]

✔ H

(6) . R slightly inclined from seed straight strt (6th 8° a.m → thus

[sketch]

H ✔

(7) R. very short geotropic (6th 8° a m no effect sqr not touching apex    no exertion

O

(8) R greatly inclined from seed (6th  8° a.m, thus

← ✔ H

[sketch]

(9.) R. geotropic but much inclined to Right opposed to sq.

(6th  8°. a.m. thus →

[sketch]

✔ H

over A most wonderful cork all affected, except 1 & here sq. had slided down & did not touch apex.

p 7A

Maize

This jar left from 8° a.m on the 6th on Study Table

(temp 18 1/2 to 19 1/2 C. on Table) to see if how much convoluted any of radicles will grow

July 7th 9° a.m the ordinary final result is that radicle makes a complete twist rubs off sqrs & then goes on growing geotropically

Get G to draw —G. has drawn [sketch]

Examine any Helices.

[Highly] effective Temperature

(July 5th temp of sand (N.B. jar deep with much water & temp. of damp air above no doubt much lower than sand) on the 5th 76° to 82° F. on the 6th 77° to 82° F.)

July 8th One radicle has now made a helix of 2 complete & closely adpressed coils

(p. 8

July 5' Maize Radicle. sqr affixed 2° 30' P.m in Kitchen. see for Tem

Pot B.

Temp. on 5th 24°—25° C.

on the 6th

temp 23°—26° C.

(2) R short , bowed from seed sq lateral (6th 7° 40' a.m bowed laterally from sqr) bowed laterally from sqr)

✔ ✔

observed, after 17°

✔

(3) R. straight inclined from seed sq. lateral (6th 7° 40' a.m at angle of 50° from sq.)

Period in each cases from 2° 30' P.m to 7° 40th am. next day

(3) 3(a) R str. inclined from seed & to R right (6th  7° 40' a.m tip completely Hooked thus →

[sketch]

✔ Hooked

(4) R. str. geotropic (6th 7°. 40' — tip much inclined but rather towards sq, yet as I see patch of dry shell-lac on other side, I believe is bowed owing to this cause— but doubtful case — long radicle ?

(5) R. str. inclined from seed & to right (6th 7° 45 completely bowed into ring    ✔ L

thus →

[sketch]

(6) R R R. inclined from seed str. (6th  7°. 50', a little rather inclined towards sq.— tip itself not bent— sqr. parallel to apex & loose.— long radicle (no real exertion)    O parallel

(7) R. geotropic straight  (6th 7° 50 completely Hooked

thus →

[sketch]

✔ H

(7)(a) R R straight inclined considerably to left— (6th  7° 50' long radicle no effect    O

(8) R stra. a little inclined from seed. (6th 7° 50' long radicle no effect    O

over

p 8 A

(Maize)

Left on Study table on from 8° a.m on 6th to see how convoluted Radicles will grow — Temp 18 1/2 - 19 1/2 C — Several of them have become [sketch] see George's drawing

one or two formed into a Helix

July 8 one radicle has made a helix of 2 complete coils

[9]

July 5th Temperature under Skylight upstairs of Sand Bath in Study

8° to 9° Temp of sand 76°

sometime up to 80°

 75    1. 30 ⎯⎯⎯⎯

 74 ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯   2° 

⎯⎯⎯⎯ 78    2° 40 

 ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯   4  76°

81°      4. 30 

 82° lower lamp      7° 15

6th   79° 6. 40 am 

 77°      10° 

81°       12 

 81°     2. 30' 

 85°      3 45

 82°     7° 30 

  76°    10 ⎯⎯⎯⎯

7th   7°5° 6° 45. am.

  10. 30'⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 84°

82°       3°—

 86° ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯   4°

⎯⎯⎯⎯ 87    7° .30 

  81°  8' 6°. 45 

 75       8° 

  10. 15 ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 85°

  11° 10 water about 78°

97 708

97 708

Chap._ E 10

same stock, each consisting of a single stamen or pistil, were brought close together and surrounded by a common envelope, in nearly the same manner as we see with the florets of the compositæ, we should have an hermaphrodite flower.

There seems to be no limit to the changes which organisms undergo under changing conditions of life; and some hermaphrodite plants, descended as we must believe from aboriginally diclinous plants, have had their sexes again separated. We

[217]

July 5' Kitchen

1.30 2° 25°. C.

5° 24°

July 6'

7° 35 a.m 22° 1/2 C.

11. — 23°

4. 15 26 1/2