RECORD: Darwin, C. R. [1879]. Beans / Sensitiveness of tips of radicles (application of gypsum). CUL-DAR209.5.47-60. (John van Wyhe ed., 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/)

REVISION HISTORY: Prepared and edited by John van Wyhe. RN1

NOTE: See record in the Darwin Online manuscript catalogue, enter its Identifier here. Reproduced with permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library and William Huxley Darwin. The volume CUL-DAR209.5 contains materials for Darwin's book Movement in plants (1880).


47

(1

April 10th. Beans sensitiveness of Radicles tips of

7º .45' to 8º a.m. — Kept cool— Radicles short

(a) 10' 4º 40' not bent tinfoil & gum) (11th 7. 45 am not bent tin-foil slipped down (11th 8º a.m sand-card & gum fresh.) : 4º. 40' very slightly curved from card) (12th 8º 30' tip at right angle 5º P.m tip Hooked.) 14th 8º forming a circle

(1)

(b) 7º. 45' a.m Ap. 10th sand-card gum viz— shell-lac 4º 40' not bent) 11' 7º. 45' a.m not bent long card (2) does not touch apex, 8º a.m sand-paper & gum. fresh. 4º 45 Pm straight— fixed small square but with shell-lac) (12' 8º 30 slightly curved from card. 5º Pm. do.) (14th 8º a. alms straight)

(c) 11th 8º a.m. sand-paper & gum for first time 4º 45 bent from card) 12th. 8º. 30' do (3) card fallen off. fixed fresh with shell-lac in same position, 5º Pm. curved at nearly 45º from vertical to one side. (14th 8º a.m curved from bean & card about 30-35

(d) 10' 4º 40' P.m Sand-paper small oblong & gum) 11' 7º. 45am. bent at right angle— (12th, 8º 30 now 4 bent down & wonderfully contorted 5º P.m doubled on itself) (14th 8 coiled into Helix

(e) Ap— 10th 7º 45' sand-paper small square, thick gum 4º 40 bent) 5 11th 7' 45 a m bent greatly & obliquely from bean) 12th. 8º 30' greatly bent down 5º P.m. do 14th 8º. at 45º from bean & card

(f) Ap. 10' 7º 45 sand-paper very small square & gum 4º 40' considerably bent 6 (11th 7º 45' a.m bent directly from bean, greatly bent 4º 45) 12' 8º 40' a.m greatly bent fixed fresh bit with shell-lac. 5º Pm do— 13th 7º 45' now bent to card (14th 8º 45º directly from bean)

over

47v

(g) Ap. 10. 7º. 45. splinter of glass — shell lac. 4º 40' slightly bent (7) 11' 7º 45 long splinter not touching apex. Not bent, removed & 8º 45 put on sand-paper & gum. 4º 45 slightly curved from card) 12th 8º 40' somewhat curved tip beyond card, refixed with shell-lac, 5º very considerably curved— tip. grown beyond refixed of (14th 8 tip bent to card.)

(h) Ap. 10' 7º 45 bit of quill. shell.-lac 4º 40' not bent (8) (11th 7º 45' bent from bean., moderately quill hardy touches apex when front on bit of card. & sand-paper & gum at 8º 45'— 4º 45 curved from card 5º P slightly 14th 8º tip bent to card)

(k) Ap. 10' 7º 45' card sand-paper shell-lac. 4º 40' bent) (9) (11th 7º 45' a.m moderately bent, 4º. 45. card dropped off— put on again with shell lac (12th. 8º 45, slightly curved from card.— 5º P.m. do refixd card shell-lac. (14th 8º tip bent at rt angle front card

(l) 10th 4º 40 P.m sand-paper gum) 11th 7º 45 a.m bent at almost right angles 4º. 45 tip bent) 12' 8º. 45' greatly bent almost right angle, refixd with shell-lac 5º Pm. greatly bowed. (14th 8º a.m bent at right angle to card

4º 40' Temp of water at bottom of vessels such as contained Beans. 56ºF

— on chimney Piece 68-º9F

7º 30' P.m —— 71º

48

(2

 Sensitiveness of radicles of Bean 

21) Ap. 11th 8º 20' a.m sand-paper & gum 4º. 50' hardy curved from card & curvature in direction of Sachs curvature, fastened fresh bit on laterally) 12'. 8º m. greatly curved from card, almost right angle) 14th 8º a.m straight about 45 from card 0

(22) Ap. 11. 8º 20' a.m sand-paper & gum, 5º curved from card 11 12th 8º am greatly curved from card, almost right-angle— (13th 8º 10' curled into a loop. (14th 8 coiled into Helix

23) Ap. 11. 8 20' a.m sand-paper & gum, 5º curved slightly & very obliquely 12 in line of Sach's curvature) 12th 8º m more curved in Sachs line (14th Coiled into circle

(24) Ap. 11' 8º 20' a.m sand-paper & gum. 5º curved from card 13 12th 8º a.m not curved, tip beyond card; fixed fresh sand-paper with shell-lac laterally 5º P.m curved laterally & in line of Sachs curvature 14th bent considerably upwards but grown far in direction of Sachs curvature

Gum keeps of course quite damp & as Bean radicles depend pressure must be infinity infinitely little

49

(4

Friday April 12'

(15) 7º 35' a.m sand-paper & shell lac. 4º 50' very slightly curved 13th 8º a m now curved to card. refixed laterally 5º P.m distinctly curved from card) (14th 8º tip (19) bent at rt angles

 5 + 5 = 10  (-) 45 (=) 9. 15'

(16) 7º 35' a.m sand-paper & shell lac 4. 50 curved at rt angle, 13th 8º a.m much (20) less curved (14th. 8º a.m whole radicle about 23º laterally from bean

(17) 7º 35 a.m sand-paper & shell lac 4º 50' Pm — thin paper tin-foil & shell lac.— very small square (13th 8º a. not curved, put on sand-paper & shell-lac (21) 5º P.m curved at right angles from card) 14th 8º a.m about 40º from card

(18) 7º 35 a.m sand paper & shell lac. 4º 50' considerably curved laterally (13th do moderately (22) curved refixed bit of sand-paper in same position) (14th 8º almost 40º laterally from card

(19) 7º 35 am sand paper & shell lac. 4º 50 curved at right angle very small square (23) 13th 7º 50' a.m much less than right angles (14th 8º a.m almost straight

(20) 7º 35 a.m sand paper & shell lac. 4º 40 curved at rt angles (13th. 7º 50' quite straight— refixed bit laterally 5º P.m a little curved from card (14th 8º tip considerably curved 15º-20' from card (24) —(there are 3 others )on separate paper.

27 (+) 12 (=) 39

(This paper proves that root whilst young get accustomed to stimulus & will straight itself — like climbing Plant with weight— slight—)

50-51

(27) not gum April 13 5º P.m shell-lac alone on no card one side (14th. 8º am & 4º 40' P.m no effect) 15'. 8º 30 a.m no effect

Thin Paper    ? ??

(28) Ap. 12' 5º P.m fixed bit of thin paper with shell-lac. On young radicle (13th. 8º 15', not curved or only very slightly, refixed bit of same paper laterally; 5º P.m slightly curved from. paper (14th. 8º am considerably curved to one side, that on (17) which paper fixed, but then tip has not gone down vertically, but is only a little less than horizontal, so paper has acted.

(no number) but include in my calculation Bean had laid flat & then placed perpendicular so that tip grew straight down with upper part curved, & card was then (18) fixed there & bean radicle grew from card— basal part retaining original curvature (sketches)

52

(5

Bean

(29) April 13th 4º 40' P.m shell-lac thick by itself on laterally & opposed to Sachs curvature.— This & next bean had radicle grown out laterally from bud lain on surface, but they had become almost vertical downwards, & the position of shell-lac wd counteract any more tendency to become perpendicular) (14th 8º 30' certainly bent from cap of shell-lac considerably, but cap thick & quite rigid.)

(25)

Gum & Shell-lac by itself

(30) same as (29). (14th 8º 30 a.m perhaps slightly bowed from cap thick & rigid.

(28A) Ap 13' 5º Pm. thick gum) (14' 8º 30' second bowed to gum, put on more on same side: 4º 40' still a little curved to this same side, but less 15' 8º 30— still in same position, I do not believe any effect

28. B Ap. 14 8º 30' thick gum: 4º 40' no effect 15' 8º 30 certainly no effect

28 C. Ap 14' 8º 30 thick gum (mere shell lac. had been on before with no effect) 4º 40 no effect 15 8º 30 terminal portion a little bowed upwards & from Sachs curvature, but, hardy at all bowed from side on which gum was placed

53

6

   April 14. 8º 50'  Bean     Rubbing

(31.) (32) 36— rubbed latterly with thin stick for 15" tip on side where black dot 4º 30' no effect— (15th. 8º 45' no effect.)

17th 8º a.m— merely Sachs curvature— (These may be counted as nothing done to & essentially straight)

Gypsum, rubbing,

53v

(31 & (32)

(35) nothing done to & straight

(38 & 40) I believe nothing done to & yet slightly sinuous

54

(30) Ap 14. 11º Gypsum on one side —(15' 8º 45'— no effect)

(34) Ap 14. 11º Gypsum on one side over whole tip 4º 35' no effect (15' 8º 45' no effect 16th 8º am more curved towards gypsum but this covers whole tip, but radicle bend towards side most covered,) 17th 8º a.m. slightly sinuous, but bowed at tip to gypsum

(39) Ap. 14. 11º Gypsum on one side over whole tip 4º 35' no effect (15' 8º 40' no effect) (16th 8º. am tip bent, but towards gypsum, almost covers tip— 17th 8º a.. somewhat tortuous like corkscrew

(over)

55

Bean

(41) Ap. 14 5º Pm rubbed on side of black dot for 30"— 15'th 8º 30 no effect

Rubbing

(42) Ap 14' 5º Pm rubbed on side of black dot for 30" 15th 8. 30' no effect

56

(43) Ap 14' 5º P.m gypsum 15' 8º 30' am no effect

(45) Ap 14 5º P.m gypsum 15. 8º 35 whole radicle, but not tip alone curved curved away from gypsum, & as it was put on whilst radicle very young probably did produce some effect

(text erased) young radicle (text erased) cap (text erased) gypsum (text erased)

Gypsum

[57-59]

(Ap 15th 10º. 30 pressed a slip of glass against a descending radicle but it often moved away However (To test Sachs) 16th 4º 30' P.m decidedly curved with upper part over glass—) made a thin bit of glass press again higher up.

Beans radicles

Sensitiveness of radicle, not tip.

(Ap. 16th 5º P.m. I find 2 of the radicals with caps of Gypsum, oddly contorted, though of course there has been no resistance to growth.

Thrown away)

(Ap 18th 9º. 5' a.m .fresh bean with short radicle with thin slip of glass pressing on it spot marked with black dot.

Ap 19' 8º a.m certainly bent a little over glass)

This refers to pressure below apex

Slip of glass

X

about 2 or 3 cases with cards or Paper moved

60

Beans Radicle

Caps over whole tips of Plaster of Paris put on April 17th 9º. am

(51) Ap 18 8º 15 no effect suspended in water . In all cases bean itself out of water 19th 8' am not affected

(53) Ap 18th 8º 15 — bent laterally slightly tortuous (suspended now in water) 19' 8' a.m bent laterally & a little tortuous

(55) Ap 18' 8º 15 greatly bent over to one side & opposed to Sachs curvature (Ap 19' 8º a.m, bent slightly from Sachs & slightly tortuous

(56) Ap 18' 8º 15' bent to one side & opposed to Sachs curvature 19th 8º a.m bent greatly to one side & from Sachs

(65) Ap 18º 8º 15' a.m slightly tortuous, suspended in water Ap 19' 8º am Hooked & slightly tortuous

2 rad

Altogether these 5 bean compared with 5 others to which nothing had been done, a little more distorted, but no striking difference

over

60v

Ap 18' 8º 15

(2 radicle to which nothing done to bent a little laterally & one from Sachs' curvature & one straight slightly curved to Sachs curvature

Ap 19' 8º The above 3 described

  (49) straight with a little of Sachs

  (54) straight, but a little to one side & with Sachs curvature

  5(7) straight, but bent considerably to one side & no Sachs curvature

Gypsum


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Citation: John van Wyhe, ed. 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online. (http://darwin-online.org.uk/)

File last updated 27 January, 2026